第五章 討論與結論
第二節 結論
2007 年 15 歲以下、主診斷為氣喘之小兒門診氣喘病患共 10,241 人,其中,只看西醫 10,068 人(98.31%)、合併中西醫 105 人(1.03%)、只看中醫 68 人(0.66%)。在年齡分層與就醫行為方 面,0-3 歲小兒門診氣喘族群 2,178 人當中,只看西醫的百分比大約 99%、合併中西醫以及只 看中醫的的百分比大約 1%;4-7 歲小兒門診氣喘族群 4,783 人當中,只看西醫的百分比大約
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99%、合併中西醫以及只看中醫的百分比大約 1%;8-11 歲小兒門診氣喘族群 2,351 人當中,
只看西醫的百分比大約97%、合併中西醫以及只看中醫的百分比大約 3%;12-15 歲小兒門診 氣喘族群929 人當中,只看西醫的百分比大約 97%、合併中西醫以及只看中醫的百分比大約 3%。
年齡分佈以4 歲至 7 歲的年齡層最多,共 4,783 人(約 50%);性別分佈男性約 60%、女性 約40%。醫療院所層級以基層診所最多(約 70%);健保分局別以台北分局為主(約 30%);此外,
4-7 歲以及 8-11 歲兩個族群在東區分局只看西醫的百分比較其他健保分局低、合併中西醫與 只看中醫的比例較其他健保分局高(約 94%、6%與 91%、9%)。
就醫科別方面,只看西醫部分,0-3 歲族群約有 80%以小兒科為主、其他 20%;4-7 歲族 群約有70%以小兒科為主、其他 30%;8-11 歲族群約有 65%以小兒科為主、35%其他;12-15 歲族群約有50%以小兒科為主、其他 50%。
共病症方面,次診斷有過敏性鼻炎或是異位性皮膚炎的診斷,在只看西醫的部分,0-3 歲族群有共病症約 23%、沒有共病症 77%,其他年齡族群有共病症約 30%、沒有共病症約 70%;在合併中西醫的部分,除了 12 歲至 15 歲的族群有共病症約 60%、沒有共病症約 40%
之外,其他年齡分層的小兒氣喘病患有共病症約30%、沒有共病症約 70%;在只看中醫的部 分,除了8-11 歲族群有共病症約 10%、沒有共病症 90%之外,其他年齡族群有共病症約 20%、
沒有共病症約80%。過敏性鼻炎的診斷多於異位性皮膚炎。
當年度急診及住院的醫療利用方面,0-3 歲小兒門診氣喘族群當中,只看西醫的部分約有 27%有使用急診和住院、73%沒有使用;合併中西醫的部分,約有 25%使用急診和住院、75%
沒有使用;只看中醫的族群有 20%使用住院、大約 80%沒有使用。4-7 歲小兒門診氣喘族群 當中,只看西醫有15%使用急診和住院、85%沒有使用;合併中西醫有 25%使用急診和住院、
85%沒有使用;只看中醫有 17%使用住院、83%沒有使用。8-11 歲族群,只看西醫約有 12%
使用急診和住院、88%沒有使用;合併中西醫約有 22%使用急診和住院、78%沒有;只看西 醫沒有使用急診和住院。12-15 歲族群,只看西醫約有 13%使用急診和住院、87%沒有使用;
合併中西醫約9%使用急診、91%沒有使用;只看中醫沒有使用急診或住院。
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平均處方箋數與年齡及就醫行為方面,只看西醫部分以4-7 歲平均處方箋 3.04 張最多;
合併中西醫部分以 8-11 歲平均處方箋 8.84 張最多;只看中醫部分以 4-7 歲平均處方箋 3.52 張最多。
處方開立氣喘西藥劑型部份,在只用西藥處方箋與合併中西藥的處方箋當中,開立吸入 劑型都最少(分別為 7%、10%)、開立口服劑型最多(分別為 76%64%)、開立吸入加口服劑型 次之( 分別為 17%、26%)。在參加或未參加「全民健康保險氣喘醫療給付改善方案」的處方 箋當中,開立吸入劑型都最少(分別為 13%、5%)、開立口服劑型最多(68%、78%)、開立吸入 加口服劑型次之(19%、17%)。
處方開立氣喘西藥數量部分,在只用西藥處方箋與合併中西藥處方箋皆以開立一種氣喘 用藥為主(分別 48%及 33%)、開立兩類氣喘用藥次之(分別為 34%及 36%)、開立三類以上氣 喘用藥最少(分別為 18%和 31%)。在參加或未參加「全民健康保險氣喘醫療給付改善方案」
的處方箋當中,開立一種氣喘用藥最多(分別為 54%和 47%)、開立兩種氣喘用藥次之(分別為 28%和 35%) 、開立三類以上氣喘用藥最少(分別為 18%和 18%)。
處方開立氣喘西藥排名,在只用西藥和中西藥並用處方箋中,口服乙型交感神經興 奮劑在只用西藥的處方箋排名第一(20%)、白三烯受體拮抗劑與口服乙型交感神經興奮劑、口 服類固醇類加上口服乙型交感神經興奮劑三種氣喘用藥皆為並用中西藥排名第一的藥品(各 為11%)。在參加或未參加「全民健康保險氣喘醫療給付改善方案」的處方箋當中,參加組以 白三烯受體拮抗劑最多(23%)、未參加組以口服乙型交感神經興奮劑最多(23%)。
處方開立氣喘中藥複方數量方面,在只用中藥和合併中西藥的處方箋當中,開立一種氣 喘中藥複方的處方箋與開立兩種以上氣喘中藥複方的處方箋百分比分別為 80%、 20 %以及 62%、 38%。在參加或未參加「小兒氣喘緩解期中醫優質門診照護試辦計畫」處方箋當中,
開立一種氣喘中藥複方與開立兩種以上中藥複方的百分比分別為61%、 39 %與 70%、 30%。
處方開立氣喘中藥複方排名,在只用中藥處方箋中,排名第一為治療氣喘實症的小青龍 湯(30%)、在合併中西藥處方箋中排名第一的為治療氣喘實症的定喘湯(20%)。在參加「小兒 氣喘緩解期中醫優質門診照護試辦計畫」排名第一的是治療氣喘虛症的蘇子降氣湯(44%)、未 參加組排名第一的是治療實症小青龍湯( 24%)。
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附錄
附錄一、全民健康保險氣喘醫療給付改善方案
附錄一、全民健康保險氣喘醫療給付改善方案