總結 - 台灣西南地區現生牡蠣與考古遺址出土牡蠣殼體穩定同位素所反映之水體環境意義

本研究以現今牡蠣殼體碳氧同位素數值與其生活周遭海域的水樣資料，了解牡蠣殼體沉澱時是否與週遭水體達成穩定同位素平衡，再利用南關里及南關里東遺址的牡蠣討論距今4 千年前與現今的環境差異。將所得的結果做出下列總結：

1. 牡蠣的殼身、韌帶部位硬質殼體、韌帶部位白堊層的氧同位素皆呈同向變化，且分布範圍差異不大，表示三者皆可用來探討環境變化，但因韌帶部位硬質殼體的型態最穩定，因此本研究選擇韌帶部位硬質殼體為分析部位。

2. 由現生牡蠣韌帶部位硬質殼體氧同位素的分布曲線，可知氧同位素在不同月份呈現出輕重不同的變化，符合環境變化的趨勢，從2008 年 6 月至2009 年 5 月的牡蠣氧同位素記錄，可看到完整一年的變化。

3. 將不同月份的海水氧同位素與不同月份生長的殼體氧同位素，可發現換算出的最低溫為19.7°C，實際海溫卻可低至 15°C，因此推論牡蠣適合生長的環境溫度應高於19°C，且牡蠣會出現停止生長或生長緩慢的現象。

4. 南關里第一文化層牡蠣較現生牡蠣氧同位素值重 0.82‰，南關里第二文化層牡蠣較現生牡蠣氧同位素值重1.05‰，南關里東牡蠣較現生牡蠣氧同位素值重1.03‰，以及以現今海水氧同位素代入求得遺址殼體的溫度，冬夏季分別為18.1、28.1°C，與現今東石測站冬夏季平均溫度為 19.4、29.2°C 相比，皆顯示距今 4100~4700 年前溫度較現今低，4 千多年前呈現較冷的現象。

5. 南關里遺址過去人類採集牡蠣大多選在冬天，南關里東遺址過去人類採集牡蠣時間應也多在春初的時候。

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附錄一、金湖地區現生牡蠣養殖區水樣分析數值

附錄一、金湖地區現生牡蠣養殖區水樣分析數值(續)

日期時間溫度

°C

鹽度

‰

δ¹⁸OVSMOW

‰ 日期時間溫度

°C 鹽度

‰

δ¹⁸OVSMOW

‰ 2009/5/20 7:05 27.8 31.8 -0.41 2009/6/1 5:19 25.8 30.5 -0.53 2009/5/21 7:52 29.1 31.5 -0.46 2009/6/2 6:14 27.3 30.1 -0.30 2009/5/22 8:36 29.5 32.4 -0.31 2009/5/29 9:50 24.8 24.5 -0.16 2009/5/23 9:19 29.8 32.2 -0.27 2009/5/29 12:20 26.4 28.2 -0.31 2009/5/24 10:01 28.9 32.6 -0.32 2009/5/29 12:10 26.6 27.4 -0.28 2009/5/25 10:43 29.3 32.4 -0.31 2009/5/29 11:55 26.3 27.1 -0.27 2009/5/26 11:26 29.9 32.7 -0.29 2009/5/29 11:37 26.2 27.1 -0.25 2009/5/27 12:13 27.1 32.9 -0.25 2009/5/29 11:10 25.5 28.2 -0.21 2009/5/28 13:04 26.8 32.3 -0.27 2009/5/29 10:50 26.1 28.4 -0.71 2009/5/29 14:01 28.2 30.1 -0.23 2009/5/29 10:15 26.2 31.5 -0.52 2009/5/30 15:05 29.3 31.1 -0.34 2009/5/29 15:30 31.8 32.5 -0.62 2009/5/31 16:14 29.5 30.3 -0.30

附錄二、金湖地區現生牡蠣殼體碳氧同位素分析數值

Sample δ¹³CVPDB‰ δ¹⁸OVPDB‰ Sample δ¹³CVPDB‰ δ¹⁸OVPDB‰ JH080614_01_01 -1.35 -2.74 JH081109_03_09 -2.84 -5.10 JH080614_01_02 -1.74 -2.70 JH081109_03_10 -2.99 -5.24 JH080614_01_03 -1.79 -3.41 JH081109_03_11 -3.19 -5.35 JH080614_01_04 -2.02 -3.45 JH081109_04_01 -1.04 -1.08 JH080614_01_05 -2.31 -4.34 JH081109_04_02 -1.35 -2.18 JH080614_01_06 -2.72 -4.93 JH081109_04_03 -1.31 -2.81 JH080614_05_02 -1.18 -2.42 JH081109_04_04 -1.66 -2.69 JH080614_05_03 -2.17 -3.07 JH081109_04_05 -1.69 -3.06 JH080614_05_05 -2.49 -3.57 JH081109_04_06 -2.74 -4.67 JH080614_05_06 -2.60 -3.33 JH081109_04_07 -3.77 -5.75 JH080614_05_07 -2.83 -4.01 JH081109_04_08 -3.25 -4.97 JH080614_05_08 -3.52 -4.33 JH081109_05_01 -1.29 -2.90 JH080614_05_09 -3.57 -4.81 JH081109_05_02 -1.75 -3.14 JH080614_06_01 -1.49 -2.97 JH081109_05_03 -1.61 -3.32 JH080614_06_02 -1.51 -2.88 JH081109_05_04 -2.42 -4.45 JH080614_06_03 -1.53 -3.07 JH081109_05_05 -2.94 -5.23 JH080614_06_04 -1.91 -3.46 JH081109_05_06 -2.74 -4.66 JH080614_06_05 -2.17 -4.15 JH081109_05_07 -3.39 -5.52 JH080614_06_06 -2.87 -4.70 JH081109_05_08 -3.03 -5.36 JH080614_06_07 -2.99 -4.99 JH081109_05_09 -3.05 -5.07 JH081109_01_01 -0.31 -0.92 JH081109_05_10 -2.84 -4.53 JH081109_01_02 -1.11 -2.31 JH081109_05_11 -3.18 -4.76 JH081109_01_03 -1.66 -2.51 JH081109_05_12 -3.37 -4.46 JH081109_01_04 -1.91 -3.05 JH081109_05_13 -3.07 -3.73 JH081109_01_05 -1.78 -2.96 JH081220_01_02 -1.34 -2.91 JH081109_01_06 -2.08 -4.13 JH081220_01_03 -2.54 -4.65 JH081109_01_07 -2.46 -4.93 JH081220_01_04 -2.65 -4.74 JH081109_01_08 -2.92 -5.24 JH081220_01_05 -3.24 -5.24 JH081109_01_09 -2.50 -5.22 JH081220_01_06 -3.15 -5.03 JH081109_03_01 -1.75 -1.57 JH081220_01_07 -3.39 -5.30 JH081109_03_02 -1.27 -2.23 JH081220_01_08 -3.57 -5.75 JH081109_03_03 -1.29 -2.88 JH081220_01_09 -3.28 -5.42 JH081109_03_04 -1.71 -2.62 JH081220_01_10 -2.77 -4.78

附錄二、金湖地區現生牡蠣殼體碳氧同位素分析數值(續)

Sample δ¹³CVPDB‰ δ¹⁸OVPDB‰ Sample δ¹³CVPDB‰ δ¹⁸OVPDB‰ JH02_chalky26 -1.14 -2.48 JH02_chalky37 -1.49 -1.26 JH02_chalky27 -1.48 -3.40 JH02_chalky38 -1.54 -1.32 JH02_chalky28 -0.90 -2.31 JH02_chalky40 -0.63 -1.87 JH02_chalky29 -0.97 -2.24 JH02_chalky41 -0.58 -1.75 JH02_chalky30 -1.14 -2.24 JH02_chalky42 -0.52 -1.73 JH02_chalky31 -1.32 -2.44 JH02_chalky43 -0.55 -1.68 JH02_chalky32 -1.32 -2.58 JH02_chalky44 -0.62 -1.33 JH02_chalky33 -1.37 -2.65 JH02_chalky45 -0.71 -1.42 JH02_chalky34 -1.24 -1.66 JH02_chalky46 -0.70 -1.52 JH02_chalky36 -1.27 -0.93 JH02_chalky47 -0.61 -1.80

附錄三、南關里與南關里東遺址牡蠣殼體碳氧同位素數值

附錄三、南關里與南關里東遺址牡蠣殼體碳氧同位素數值 (續)

Sample δ¹³CVPDB‰ δ¹⁸OVPDB‰ Sample δ¹³CVPDB‰ δ¹⁸OVPDB‰ NKLE5016_02_05 -3.30 -4.74 NKLE5016_03_07 -3.89 -4.01 NKLE5016_02_06 -2.85 -3.23 NKLE5016_03_08 -2.93 -4.56 NKLE5016_02_07 -1.80 -2.28 NKLE5016_02_10 -0.61 -0.92 NKLE5016_02_08 -2.00 -2.02 NKLE5016_03_10 -2.28 -2.64 NKLE5016_01_02 -3.63 -4.37 NKLE5016_03_12 -1.86 -2.29 NKLE5016_02_09 -1.65 -1.22 NKLE5016_03_13 -1.32 -1.28 NKLE5016_02_10 -0.61 -0.92 NKLE5016_03_14 -0.79 -0.76 NKLE5016_02_11 -2.74 -2.91 NKLE5016_03_15 -0.60 -0.92 NKLE5016_02_12 -3.65 -3.74 NKLE5016_03_16 -0.56 -0.41 NKLE5016_02_13 -3.49 -4.62 NKLE5016_03_17 -0.67 -1.14 NKLE5016_02_14 -2.42 -2.23 NKLE5016_03_18 -3.40 -3.69 NKLE5016_02_15 -1.90 -1.22 NKLE5016_03_19 -3.16 -3.80 NKLE5016_02_16 -1.77 -0.83 NKLE5016_03_20 -1.53 -1.01 NKLE5016_02_17 -0.98 -0.37 NKLE5016_03_21 -0.67 -1.00 NKLE5016_02_18 -0.80 -0.55 NKLE5016_03_22 -0.91 -1.08 NKLE5016_02_19 -0.97 -0.87 NKLE5016_03_23 -2.64 -2.95 NKLE5016_03_01 -1.41 -3.25 NKLE5016_03_24 -4.21 -5.36 NKLE5016_03_02 -2.14 -4.33 NKLE5016_03_25 -1.37 -0.89 NKLE5016_03_03 -2.09 -5.89 NKLE5016_03_26 -1.40 -1.92 NKLE5016_03_04 -3.22 -5.18 NKLE5016_03_27 -2.33 -2.63 NKLE5016_03_05 -3.63 -3.99 NKLE5016_03_10 -2.28 -2.64 NKLE5016_03_06 -3.72 -4.05

附錄四、金湖地區現生牡蠣養殖區水樣氧同位素平均

月 δ¹⁸OVSMOW

‰ 月 δ¹⁸OVSMOW

‰

7 月 -3.07 12.1 月 -0.66

7.8 月 -2.58 1 月 -0.53

8 月 -2.26 1.2 月 -0.42

8.9 月 -2.07 2 月 -0.31

9 月 -1.88 2.3 月 -0.37

9.10 月 -1.86 3 月 -0.42

10 月 -1.83 3.4 月 -0.45

10.11 月 -1.57 4 月 -0.47

11 月 -1.31 4.5 月 -0.40

11.12 月 -1.05 5 月 -0.33

12 月 -0.78

附錄五、現生牡蠣對應日期與計算溫度

附錄五、現生牡蠣對應日期與計算溫度(續)

Sample δ¹⁸OVPDB‰ 對應日期 δ¹⁸OVSMOW‰ 計算溫度°C

在文檔中台灣西南地區現生牡蠣與考古遺址出土牡蠣殼體穩定同位素所反映之水體環境意義 (頁 91-117)