• 沒有找到結果。

等,可以幫助求職者展現個人知識、技巧與能力(KSA)與個人-工作適合度(P-J Fit)等與職缺相關的能力或經驗(Kristof-Brown et al., 2002; Rosenfeld, 1997);

而他人導向戰術,則是指求職者與面試官的談話內容會專注在面試官或是企業,

如:贊同他人觀點等。Kacmar 與 Carlson(1999)發現當求職者使用自我導向印 象管理戰術時,通常能獲得面試官的較佳評價,使求職者有較大機會得到理想的

Kacmar et al., 1992; Wayne & Ferris, 1990)。雖然 Wayne 與 Ferris(1990)並非針 對面談情境中,求職者所使用的印象管理戰術進行研究,然而Tsai 等人(2005)

(try to convince the interviewer his/her behavior is good enough as a model)

Kacmar, Delery

&Ferris (1992)

居功 負擔成功事件主要功勞 Kacmar, Delery

Entitlement (take major responsibility for positive events in one's background)

&Ferris (1992)

表達成就歸屬,即便實際上功勞歸屬 不在本人(individuals claim

responsibility for positive events or outcomes, even if personal credit for such outcomes is unmerited)

Ellis, West, Ryan, &

Deshon (2002)

自我加強 Self-enhancement

試圖增加其成就價值

(attempt to increase the value of event to make outcome more positive)

Kacmar, Delery

&Ferris (1992)

增加成就價值,使其成就價值大於其 他人原本想像

(the value for a positive event, for which the applicant was responsible, was greater than most people might think)

Ellis, West, Ryan, &

Deshon (2002)

自我推銷 Self-promotion

展現自己的資格

(demonstrating one’s own qualifications)

Kacmar, Delery

&Ferris (1992)

描述過去經驗試圖說服目標

(the tactic refers to statements that are intended to persuade a target that the applicant possesses positive qualities or traits)

Ellis, West, Ryan, &

Deshon (2002)

企圖吸引面試官的注意力

(I try to draw the interviewer's attention to my records of accomplishments)

Wayne & Ferris

(1990)

強調個人擁有的特質

(I emphasized the qualities that I possessed)

Wayne & Ferris

(1990)

克服困難 Overcome obstacle

描述如何解決問題以達到目標

(the tactic deals with how the applicant circumvented problems or barriers impeding progress toward a goal)

Ellis, West, Ryan, &

Deshon (2002)

除了對自我導向印象管理戰術類別的簡單區分之外,例證(模範)與自我推 銷這兩類,在其定義下,學者將其內容延伸更為廣闊。例證(模範)之原始定義 雖然只包含求職者向面試官展現其行為表現優良如同一位模範,然而求職者可能

會展現自己是不同模範類型(Drory & Zaidman, 2007; Erdogan, 2011; Wayne &

Ferris, 1990),例如創造出好人印象、有自信的印象等,這些皆屬於例證(模範)

戰術的項目。此外,自我推銷戰術下更是可以區分多種項目(Bolino & Turnely, 1999; Drory & Zaidman, 2007; Erdogan, 2011; Kristof-Brown et al., 2002; Stevens &

Kristof, 1995),因自我推銷定義最一開始主要說明求職者會表達過去經驗,但每

(create the impression that you are a

“good” person)

Wayne & Ferris

(1990)

創造有自信的印象

(create the impression that you are self-confident)

Drory & Zaidman

(2007)

表現出個人具勤勉審慎性特質

(present yourself as a hard-working and conscientious person)

Erdogan (2011)

表現出自己是個友善且有禮貌的人

(present yourself as a friendly and polite person)

Wayne & Ferris

(1990)

自我推銷 Self-promotion

讓面試官可以了解其天分與資格

(make interviewer aware of your talents or qualifications)

Bolino & Turnely

(1999)

讓面試官了解其過去成就

(make the interviewer aware of your accomplishment)

Bolino & Turnely

(1999)

Wayne & Ferris

(1990)

展示過去經驗

(demonstrate your experience)

Drory & Zaidman

(2007)

我描述我的技術與經驗

(I describe my skills and experience)

Kristof-Brown, Barrick,

& Franke(2002)

(demonstrate your knowledge and expertise)

Kristof-Brown, Barrick,

& Franke(2002)

Stevens & Kristof

(1995)

我以吸引人的方式描述我的技術與能 力

(I describe my skills and abilities in an attractive way)

Kristof-Brown, Barrick,

& Franke(2002)

展現自己對工作的熱情

(show your enthusiasm for the job)

Stevens & Kristof

(1995)

展現自己與此工作的適合度

(demonstrate your fit with the job) Erdogan(2011)

在面試前完善準備,以更清晰行銷自 己

(prepare before the interview to express yourself more clearly)

Erdogan(2011)

向面試官描述自己未來在工作上會有 良好表現

(convince the interviewer that you will be successful at the job)

Erdogan(2011) 之處。Chuang, Hsu, Wang & Judge(2015)描述文化將會影響三個面向,包含人 的概念、對環境的解釋、人和環境間,不同文化背景對人是有明顯的影響存在,

這也促成人力資源領域常使用文化、環境作為分析架構(Lee & Ramaswami, 2013),學者們希望能瞭解在不同文化背景下,人的行為舉止與人際互動會有著 哪些相似性與相異性。Budhwar、Varma 與 Patel (2016)曾引用 Guo(2015)

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