Taiwan, in recent years, due to the extreme climate changing, natural catastrophes were occurred which influenced the publics' lives and properties. Among the public, mountainous indigenes that live in reservoir catchment are threatened the most by natural disasters. Moreover, the governance of reservoir and catchment are simplified as 'upstream water control and downstream water supply' all the year round, which exist unbalanced frame of spacial power. It is not only against the principles of environmental justice but ignores the potential value of traditional ecological knowledge toward hydrological sustainable development that causes unstable risky factors in catchment land governance. For example, residents who live in the upstream catchment area of Shihmen Reservoir are depending on cultivation. If the government only intends to protect water and restrain the land use without thinking of resources governance policy from the point of indigenous community development, it is unrealistic and difficult to achieve sustainable development. Therefore, the aim of this research, is based on empirical study to propose a community as a basis unit, designing a multiple targets common pool resource governance pattern for promoting organic farming to construct ecological communities, and simultaneously takes sustainable development, environmental justice, land ethics, and multiple functioning agriculture watershed governance policy into account.
Nowadays, although The Indigenous Peoples Basic Law has been decreed, the governance of catchment is lack of local point of views and also difficult to show indigenous subjectivity that is needed to adjust to adopt the change of circumstances. Therefore, this study is about to apply in-depth interview, focused group, and participant observation to start field works in indigenous communities. Also, this study is going to combine traditional ecological knowledge, ecological communities as well as land ethics, multifunctional agriculture as well as organic agriculture development theories, and other analytical tools, exploring how social organization and land view support and encourage economic/ non-economic activities of land resource use. Finally, this study is going to explore the path of 'common pool resource sustainable use', taking how to frame 'ecological communities' which corresponds land ethics and local development, so that advocates cross-scale regional collaboration. In the meantime, the specific suggestions of sustainable watershed governance which correspond environmental justice are provided.
Keywords: Ecological communities, Watershed governance, Organic farming, Land ethics, Agricultural multiple targets, Social-ecological system common pool resource governance
目錄
參、研究成果自評 ... 95
一、研究內容與原計畫相符程度 ... 96
二、達到預期目標情形 ... 98
三、研究成果之學術或應用價值 ... 100
四、是否適合在學術期刊發表 ... 101
肆、附錄 ... 104
行政院國家科學委員會補助國內專家學者出席國際學術會議報告 ... 105
一、參加會議經過 ... 106
二、與會心得 ... 113
三、考察參觀活動 ... 113
四、建議 ... 116
五、攜回資料名稱及內容 ... 116
圖次
圖 1【本研究個案部落分佈圖】 ... 8圖 2【社會-生態系統之概念性模型】 ... 14
圖 3【建立永續社區的複合式架構】... 19
圖 4【農業多功能性】... 21
圖 5【高台水庫位置及配置圖】 ... 47
圖 6【高台水庫淹沒區圖】 ... 47
圖 7【駐點人員藉由部落集會召開工作坊說明會】... 55
圖 8【學員仔細聹聽駐點人員說明】... 55
圖 9【老師教導學員以黃柏製作天然騶蟲劑】 ... 56
圖 10【老師就學員的提問詳細解說】 ... 56
圖 11【老師說明市場行銷的必要性及應注意事項】 ... 57
圖 12【新竹縣尖石鄉土石流分布圖】 ... 81
表次
表 1【尖石鄉玉峰溪流域之泰雅族部落】 ... 7
表 2【地方共同管理制度形成的有利因素】 ... 15
表 3【土地倫理/權力關係/土地利用/土地健康之架構分析表】 ... 25
表 4【各年度研究方法摘要】 ... 34
表 5【本年度計畫研究方法說明表】... 35
表 6【研究問題、研究方法與資料來源的對照】 ... 36
表 7【部落工作坊開辦課程與內容】... 53
表 8【建構符合土地倫理及具農業多功能性之生態社區策略研擬】 ... 72
表 9【建構符合土地倫理及具流域資源自主治理之生態社區策略研擬】 ... 84
表 10 本年度計畫預期完成與已完成工作項目表 ... 96
表 11【本年度計畫達成預期目標情形彙整表】 ... 98
表 12【受訪者名冊】 ...104