第二項 限制競爭行為：GATS 第 8 條
第三節 電信附件與基本電信談判附件
GATS附件共有八條，適用於一般議題者，例如最惠國待遇豁免適用附件、自然人 移動附件。亦有適用於個別行業者，例如金融服務附件、電信附件、基本電信談判附件、
87 同註 9，頁 106。
88 林彩瑜，「WTO 爭端解決機制與國際貿易反競爭行為—以美日消費性相用軟片及相紙市場爭端案為
例」，政大法學評論，第63 期，頁 450，2000 年 6 月。
89 羅昌發，國際貿易法，初版，月旦，頁 556，1996 年 10 月。
90 同註 9，頁 107。
空運服務附件及海運服務附件91。
電信附件與基本電信談判附件均為GATS的附件，其與GATS的關係緊密結合，故一 會員國不但要遵守GATS，也要遵守GATS的附件，即電信附件與基本電信談判附件，而 不能如同第四議定書中的特定承諾表或電信參考文件等自行選擇性地遵守。
以下為電信附件、電信談判附件等與GATS之關係：
【圖二】GATS 附件之架構
相較於基本電信談判附件僅就最惠國待遇豁免為程序性及時效之規定，電信附件規 定的層面較為深刻。其規範宗旨92以為，因為電信服務業具有與眾不同之特質，此種行 業具有雙重角色，不但本身居列經濟活動之一，同時亦為其他經濟活動之重要傳輸工
91 John H. Jackson, The World Trading System, Law and Policy of International Economic Relations, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.& London, England. (1997)
92 GATS, Annex on Telecommunications, para.1:
Recognizing the specificities of the telecommunications services sector and, in particular, its dual role as a distinct sector of economic activity and as the underlying transport means for other economic activities, the Members have agreed to the following Annex with the objective of elaborating upon the provisions of the Agreement with respect to measures affecting access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks and services. Accordingly, this Annex provides notes and supplementary provisions to the Agreement.
GATS
GATS 本文 GATS 附件
豁免第二條之附件 提供服務自然人移動之附件
空運服務業附件 金融服務業附件 金融服務業附件二 海運服務業談判附件
電信附件 基本電信談判附件
具，故有必要釐訂有關公眾電信傳輸網路及服務之介接與使用之詳細規定。又電信附則 為GATS提供註釋及補充規定，並未課GATS會員國GATS以外之義務93。
其中有關電信附件之內涵，主要為下：第一、非歧視待遇原則，第二、透明化原則，
第三、電信服務的免除適用表及特定承諾表，第四、技術合作與國際組織參與94。 一、非歧視待遇原則
非歧視待遇原則主要規定於電信附件第五項之有關公眾電信傳輸網路及網路服務 之介接與使用，其中的(a)(b)(c)三款95：
(a) 各會員應確保其他會員之服務業者均得在合理且非歧視待遇下，介接及使 用該會員公眾電信傳輸網路及服務，以提供承諾表所列之服務。此項義務亦應適用 於下列第(b)項至第(f)項96。
93 John H. Harwood II, William T. Lake, and David M. Sohn, Competition in International Telecommunications Services, 97 Columbia Law Review, p.880, 1997
94 同註 96，頁 34。
95 GATS, Annex on Telecommunications, para.5:
(a) Each Member shall ensure that any service supplier of any other Member is accorded access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks and services on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions, for the supply of a service included in its Schedule. This obligation shall be applied, inter alia, through paragraphs (b) through (f).
(b) Each Member shall ensure that service suppliers of any other Member have access to and use of any public telecommunications transport network or service offered within or across the border of that Member, including private leased circuits, and to this end shall ensure, subject to paragraphs (e) and (f), that such suppliers are permitted:
(i) to purchase or lease and attach terminal or other equipment which interfaces with the network and which is necessary to supply a supplier's services;
(ii) to interconnect private leased or owned circuits with public telecommunications transport networks and services or with circuits leased or owned by another service supplier; and
(iii) to use operating protocols of the service supplier's choice in the supply of any service, other than as necessary to ensure the availability of telecommunications transport networks and services to the public generally.
(c) Each Member shall ensure that service suppliers of any other Member may use public telecommunications transport networks and services for the movement of information within and across borders, including for intra-corporate communications of such service suppliers, and for access to information contained in data bases or otherwise stored in machine-readable form in the territory of any Member. Any new or amended measures of a Member significantly affecting such use shall be notified and shall be subject to consultation, in accordance with relevant provisions of the Agreement.
96 所稱「非歧視待遇」一詞當係指本協定所定義之最惠國待遇及國民待遇。對特定行業而言，其意引申
(b) 各會員應確保其他會員之服務業者得以介接或使用該會員所提供之國內 或國際公眾電信傳輸網路或服務，包括租用電路，為此並應依第(e)項及第(f)項之規 定，確保該等服務業者得以：
(i)購買或租用且銜接業者提供服務所需之終端設備或其他網路介面設備；
(ii)將其租用或自有電路連接至公眾電信傳輸網路及服務，或與其他服務業者之租 用或自有電路連接；及
(iii)除為確保一般大眾得以利用公眾電信傳輸網路及服務所需者外，於提供服務 時，可採用自行選擇之傳輸作業協定。
(c) 各會員應確保其他會員之服務業者，得以利用公眾電信傳輸網路及服務，
在國內外從事資訊傳送（包括服務業者之內部通信），並在任何會員領域內檢用資 料庫或電腦所儲存之資料。某一會員所採用或修改之措施對上述網路及服務之使用 有重大影響者，應依本協定相關規定發布通知並進行諮商。
此附件之規範重心在於開放服務使用層面，更勝於進入市場以提供電信服務的能力
97。而對於是否要使電信通訊領域全面自由化則成為會員國目前所遭遇的難題。於此，
本電信附件扮演天平兩端的角色。
二、透明化原則
按電信附件第四項98之規定：
(d) 會員執行本協定第三條時，有關介接或使用公眾電信傳輸網路及服務之資 料，應確保公開予大眾。該項資料包括：資費及其他服務之條件、網路服務之介面 技術標準、負責訂頒介接及使用標準之主管單位資料、附接終端設備之條件以及通 知、登記或核照之規定。
政府相關政策及法規必須可公開取得，而相關業者的資訊也需透明化。當業者能有 效掌握各國法規內容與精神，其投資才能獲得最基本的保障。此一透明性原則在附件中 促使電信服務領域能達到一個公平競爭的貿易體系99。
三、電信服務的免除適用表及特別承諾表
為：「在類似情況下，其優惠條件並不比給予類似公眾電信傳輸網路或服務之其他用戶者為差。」
97 林俊宏，「WTO 架構下電信談判及電信負責之回顧與展望」，貿易政策論叢，第 6 期，頁 36，民國
95 年 12 月。
98 GATS, Annex on Telecommunications, para.4:
In the application of Article III of the Agreement, each Member shall ensure that relevant information on conditions affecting access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks and services is publicly available, including: tariffs and other terms and conditions of service; specifications of technical interfaces with such networks and services; information on bodies responsible for the preparation and adoption of standards affecting such access and use; conditions applying to attachment of terminal or other equipment; and notifications, registration or licensing requirements, if any.
99 同註 96，頁 37。
鑑於開發中國家經濟上弱勢，為避免開發中國家於全球化影響下成為被已開發國家
100 GATS, Annex on Telecommunications, para.5:
(d) Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, a Member may take such measures as are necessary to ensure the security and confidentiality of messages, subject to the requirement that such measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade in services.
(e) Each Member shall ensure that no condition is imposed on access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks and services other than as necessary:
(i) to safeguard the public service responsibilities of suppliers of public telecommunications transport networks and services, in particular their ability to make their networks or services available to the public generally;
(ii) to protect the technical integrity of public telecommunications transport networks or services; or
(iii) to ensure that service suppliers of any other Member do not supply services unless permitted pursuant to commitments in the Member's Schedule.
(f) Provided that they satisfy the criteria set out in paragraph (e), conditions for access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks and services may include:
(i) restrictions on resale or shared use of such services;
(ii) a requirement to use specified technical interfaces, including interface protocols, for inter-connection with such networks and services;
(iii) requirements, where necessary, for the inter-operability of such services and to encourage the achievement of the goals set out in paragraph 7(a);
(iv) type approval of terminal or other equipment which interfaces with the network and technical requirements relating to the attachment of such equipment to such networks;
(v) restrictions on inter-connection of private leased or owned circuits with such networks or services or with circuits leased or owned by another service supplier; or
(vi) notification, registration and licensing.
(ii)保護公眾電信傳輸網路或服務之技術完整性；或
(iii)確保其他會員之服務業者不提供各會員承諾表許可以外之服務。
(h) 如符合第(e)項規定之準則，公眾電信傳輸網路及服務之介接及使用得附加 下列條件：
(i)限制該項服務之轉售或共用；
(ii)規定使用特定技術介面，包括介面傳輸協定，以連接該項網路及服務；
(iii)必要時，規定該項服務之交互運作能力並鼓勵達成第 7 項第(a)款規定之目標；
(iv)規定連接網路之終端設備或其他設備之型式認證以及此類設備連接網路之技 術規範；
(v)限制其租用或自有電路與此類網路或服務或與其他服務業者之租用或自有電 路間之相互連接；或
(vi)通知、登記及核照事宜。
除了上述對開發中國家有關有關電信服務義務規定之和緩外，另外又設有特別承諾 表，此部分容許各會員國依其國情，做不同程度承諾，請容後再述。
四、技術合作與國際組織參與
會員國體認有效率且先進的電信基礎設施，對服務貿易之擴充與國家發展極為重 要。而且另一方面，也應顧及開發中國家對於電信普及服務的迫切需求，故國際間有許 多促進電信服務貿易整合的團體，例如國際電信聯盟（International Telecommunication Union, ITU）、聯合國開發計畫、重建開發銀行等。
電信附件第六款101之規定，為電信技術合作重要依據：
101 GATS, Annex on Telecommunications, para.6:
(a) Members recognize that an efficient, advanced telecommunications infrastructure in countries, particularly developing countries, is essential to the expansion of their trade in services. To this end, Members endorse and encourage the participation, to the fullest extent practicable, of developed and developing countries and their suppliers of public telecommunications transport networks and services and other entities in the development programmes of international and regional organizations, including the International Telecommunication Union, the United Nations Development Programme, and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
(b) Members shall encourage and support telecommunications cooperation among developing countries at the international, regional and sub-regional levels.
(c) In cooperation with relevant international organizations, Members shall make available, where practicable, to developing countries information with respect to telecommunications services and developments in
telecommunications and information technology to assist in strengthening their domestic telecommunications services sector.
(d) Members shall give special consideration to opportunities for the least-developed countries to encourage foreign suppliers of telecommunications services to assist in the transfer of technology, training and other activities that support the development of their telecommunications infrastructure and expansion of their
(i) 全體會員咸認，具有高效率、高水準之電信基礎設施對國家，特別是開發 中國家，在拓展服務業貿易方面至為重要。因此，全體會員贊成且鼓勵已開發與開 發中國家，及其公眾電信傳輸網路與服務業者，以及其他機構，儘量參與國際性及 區域性組織之電信發展計畫，包括國際電信聯盟、聯合國開發計畫、國際重建開發 銀行。
(j) 全體會員應鼓勵並支持開發中國家參與國際性、區域性或地區性之電信合 作。
(k) 在與相關國際組織合作時，會員對開發中國家應盡力提供相關國際電信服
(k) 在與相關國際組織合作時，會員對開發中國家應盡力提供相關國際電信服