׀ئऱ৵ൣፃ࢚ኙؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ
౨Ժऱᐙ
ጯฑ
ǵֈᆧহ
ኴ
ઔߒؾऱڇ࣍൶ಘ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ፖؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺհၴऱᣂএΖઔߒ ኙွতؑؔᆇႼ 475 ۯؔࠝΔִؓ݁ 75 ଡִΖઔߒՠࠠψ׀ئ৵ൣ ፃ࢚ၦ।ωࡉψࠝ࿙۩ം࠴ωΔطؔࠝ୮९ፖჄᐊΖઔߒ࿇׀ئ৵ൣፃ ࢚ፖؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺࠟृڶઌᣂΔլٵऱ৵ൣፃ࢚ኙؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨ ԺࠠڶլٵቃྒྷԺΔ֠ࠡൎᓳψൣፃඒᖄীω࢚ᐛऱ׀ئΔࠡؔࠝڇࣹრԺ റࣹΕवᤚඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫऱ।ՂለࠋΖڼ؆Δઌለ࣍ڣؔृΔڣ९ऱؔࠝ ڇࣹრԺറࣹࡉލࠫ൳ࠫऱ।ՂለࠋΙ༉ࢤܑฆۖߢΔՖسڇवᤚඕტ৫ࡉ ލࠫ൳ࠫऱ।ՂለߊࠋΖᣂڗΚ৵ൣፃ࢚ΕൣፃᓳᆏΕؔࠝ
ഏمፕতՕᖂؔࠝඒߛᖂߓጚՓఄઔߒس ഏمፕতՕᖂؔࠝඒߛᖂߓ೫ඒ
׀ئऱ৵ൣፃ࢚ኙؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ
౨Ժऱᐙ
ጯฑǵֈᆧহ
Εፃʳ ʳ ᓵ
ԫΕઔߒ೯ᖲ
༉۞աམڇؔඒᨠኘመऱᆖ᧭Δؔࠝڇسխൄൄ૿ᜯൣፃऱംᠲΔڕ ڶڻழ՛Ꮣ࠰ܗՕဎݙګΔਬֲՕဎࠐ؏܌ԺΔথڶ՛ᏓΔ՛Ꮣঁᎅ ψ܃৻ᏖױאլݺΔݺՂڻڶඒ܃ળΔ܃৻ᏖױאຍᑌωΔঁᠨ֫༽ஜΔ ณ壀ऴߍထՕဎΔ່۟৵נؚԳऱ۩Ζڼࠏડ᧩נᅝؔࠝ૿ᜯԳᎾം ᠲழΔለլᄎװ।ሒ۞ݺൣፃΔ۟ױ౨ኙהԳऱൣፃ֘ᚨڶᙑᎄᇞᦰΔױߠؔ ࠝൣፃඒߛհૹࢤΔۖ׀ئਢೈԱඒஃא؆ፖؔࠝઌ່ՆऱΔਚءઔߒཚৱ ᛵᇞ׀ئڕ۶ᐙؔࠝऱൣፃ౨ԺΖ ڃូࠩषᄎߓอऱഗءਮዌΔ୮அਢ່ؔࠝॣऱൣፃᖂࢬΔٍਢൣፃ। ሒፖᓳᆏऱषᄎ֏ൣቼհԫΰCassidy, Parke, Butkovsky, & Braungart, 1992αΖ Katz and Windecker-Nelsonΰ2004α༼֗ؔࠝᄎᆖطᘣյ೯መ࿓ᖂڕ۶ᓳᆏൣ ፃΔڂᘣյ೯ழױ֘ਠנ׀ئඒᖄؔࠝڕ۶ፂΕޏ᧢ࢨᓳᆏࠡൣፃᆖ᧭ࡉ। ሒऱ೯ኪᖵ࿓Δ᧩قؔࠝᆖط׀ئऱ֧ᖄፖ࠰ܗΔᄎᛵᇞࠩषᄎኙଡ᧯ൣፃፖ۩ ऱᒤΔၞۖດዬփ֏षᄎᏝଖࠀၲࡨᖂᄎ۞ݺ൳ࠫΖءઔߒᣂࣹ୮அൣፃष ᄎ֏ᤜᠲխΔԫଡૹऱᄗ࢚--׀ئऱ৵ൣፃ࢚Δڼᄗ࢚ਢਐ׀ئኙ۞ݺፖ ؔࠝൣፃࢬขسԫิڶิ៣ऱტ࠹ፖუऄΰGottman, Katz, & Hooven, 1996αΖഏ ؆ઔߒ࿇ૉ׀ئࠠڶඒᖄীऱ৵ൣፃ࢚Δؔࠝᄎ।נለࠋऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨ ԺΰHooven, Gottman, & Katz, 1995; Gottman et al., 1996αΔਚءઔߒࡳ׀ئءߪ ࢬࠠໂऱ৵ൣፃ࢚Δലൎ֏ࠡኙൣፃઌᣂࠃढڶለࡐΕՆऱᨠរΔא ી࣍ڇᘣյ೯ՀΔᄎຘመፖؔࠝᓫᓵൣፃᤜᠲΕፖؔࠝ৸ەڕ۶ൣፃΕኙ ؔࠝൣፃ।ሒऱ֘ᚨΔא֗۞ݺൣፃ।ሒऱመ࿓ᇙΔၞۖᐙؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺΖൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժਢԫଡᥛլឰ࿇୶ऱᖵ࿓Δڇ᚛ؔࠝழཚൣፃᓳᆏऱ࿇୶ਢ षᄎൣፃ࿇୶ऱխ֨ΰࣥਟᐝΔا 88αΖۂ֮სΰا 88αፖ Spinrad, Stifter, and Turner ΰ2004αઃ༼֗ൣፃᓳᆏլ܀ޑᣂଡ᧯ऱߪ֨ൈΔՈၴ൷ᐙଡ᧯ऱषᄎᔞᚨΖ ኙᖂছؔࠝࠐᎅΔإၲࡨ૿ᜯ୮அא؆ऱቸ᧯سΔሖࠩ۞ݺਗᖏऱᖲᄎઌኙچ ༼ΔᏁլឰᓳᆏ۞աװฤٽषᄎᒤΔڼழ୮அࢬղऱൣፃषᄎ֏Δঁᔞ ழ༼ࠎؔࠝڇ૿ᜯਗᖏழऱ࠰ܗΔףՂڼၸऱؔࠝΔڇ೯܂Εߢ֗ᎁव࿇୶ Ղڶԫࡳऱګᑵ৫Δດዬሂๅ࿇୶ওૻΔᇢቹ۞൳ࠫ۞աऱൣፃࢨ۩֘ᚨΖ ਚءઔߒᎁൣፃᓳᆏਢᖂছؔࠝ࿇୶ऱૹᓰᠲΔᇢቹԵ൶ߒΖ אൣፃᓳᆏऱྒྷၦֱऄۖߢΔഏփઔߒڍאၦ।ࢨം࠴ྒྷၦֱڤΰۂ ֮სΔا 88Ιᘕ⋑ࣧΕᆺ٠ᔕΔا 89ΙᘕᅗੳΔا 91ΙޕपᏚΔا 92Ιࣥ৯ܩΔ ا 92αΔഏ؆ઔߒঞڍא CBQ ၦ।ྒྷၦՠࠠΰEisenberg et al., 1995, 2001, 2003, 2004; Fabes et al., 1999αΖאઔߒኙွۖߢΔڍႃխڇഏ՛ڣ్אՂऱڣᐋΔ ႛࣥ৯ܩፖࣥਟᐝΰا 88αਢಾኙᖂছؔࠝΔױߠഏփᖂছؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨ ԺऱઔߒᏆଖދࣹ֨ԺΖ༉࿇୶ᨠរࠐᎅΔڣፖࢤܑਢૹऱહན᧢ႈΔ ᖞഏփ؆ኔဳઔߒױवΔኙ࣍ڣࡉࢤܑፖൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժհၴऱᣂএࠀྤԫી ࢤࡳᓵΖڍᑇઔߒਐנڣፖൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺࠀྤઌᣂΔ܀ Eisenberg Գΰ2001α ઔߒ࣠থ᧩قለڣ९ऱؔࠝڇࣹრԺറࣹΕࣹრԺ᠏ฝࡉލࠫ൳ࠫ।Ղለ ࠋΙڇࢤܑ᧢ႈՂΔۂ֮სΕࣥ৯ܩࡉᘕᅗੳ։ܑਐנࢤܑฆ᧩قڇൣፃᓳᆏ ౨ԺፖฃՂΙ܀ڇࣥਟᐝࡉᘕ⋑ໃΕᆺ٠ᔕऱઔߒ࣠խথլ֭ߊՖڇൣፃ ᓳᆏࡉࣹრԺ൳ࠫՂऱฆΔਚءઔߒᇢቹᛵᇞؔࠝऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժਢܡᄎᙟထ ڣڶ᧩ထګ९Δא֗ߊՖਢܡڇൣፃᓳᆏՂڶࢬฆΖ
ԲΕઔߒؾऱፖઔߒംᠲ
ءઔߒऱؾऱਢუᛵᇞ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ፖؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժࠟृհၴ ऱᣂএΔࠀᇢቹԱᇞ׀ئլٵऱ৵ൣፃ࢚ਢܡኙؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժขسլٵ ᐙΖԫֱ૿Ո٦ڻᛀᢞؔࠝऱڣΕࢤܑፖൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺԿଡ᧢ႈհၴऱᣂ এΖ ᖕՂ૪ઔߒ೯ᖲፖؾऱΔءઔߒംᠲፖڕՀΚ ംᠲԫΚڣፖൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺհၴਢܡڶઌᣂژڇΛ 1-1 ڣፖψࣹრԺറࣹωࡉψލࠫ൳ࠫω։ՂڶإઌᣂΖ ംᠲԲΚլٵࢤܑऱؔࠝΔڇൣፃᓳᆏ։Ղڶ۶ฆΛ 2-1 ߊՖڇψࣹრԺറࣹωΕψᓢ೯ωΕψवᤚඕტ৫ωࡉψލࠫ൳ࠫω։ Ղᄎڶ᧩ထฆΖ ംᠲԿΚ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ፖؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺհၴਢܡڶઌᣂژڇΛ 3-1 ڇൣፃඒᖄী࢚։ለऱ׀ئΔፖؔࠝڇψࣹრԺറࣹωΕψवᤚඕ ტ৫ωࡉψލࠫ൳ࠫω։Ղڶ᧩ထإઌᣂΙፖؔࠝڇψᓢ೯ω։Ղ ڶ᧩ထઌᣂΖ ംᠲΚ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ኙؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺऱቃྒྷԺ۶Λ 4-1 ڇൣፃඒᖄী࢚։ለऱ׀ئΔኙؔࠝψࣹრԺറࣹωΕψवᤚඕტ ৫ωፖψލࠫ൳ࠫω౨ԺڶإٻᐙΖ 4-2 ڇൣፃཅೈীΕլե௫ীፖ؈൳ী࢚։ለऱ׀ئΔኙؔࠝψࣹრ ԺറࣹωΕψवᤚඕტ৫ωፖψލࠫ൳ࠫω౨ԺڶٻᐙΖ
ԿΕૹټဲᤩᆠ
ΰԫα׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚Κਢਐ׀ئኙؔࠝൣፃ।ࢬขسऱԫิൣፃΕ۩Ε ኪ৫ፖ࢚֘ᚨᑓڤΖءઔߒආᆺ٠ᔕᒳ፹ऱψ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ၦ ।ωΖ ΰԲαൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺΚਢਐଡ᧯ڇൣፃሎ܂ᖵ࿓ऱլٵၸΔಾኙൣፃࠨᖿࢨ ൣፃࢬ֧࿇ऱ֘ᚨΔຘመٺጟֱڤΔࠌଡ᧯۞।נฤٽषᄎᒤ ऱൣፃ۩Ζءઔߒᎁؔࠝᄎ៶طࣹრԺ൳ࠫΕ۩ލࠫΕᓢ೯൳ࠫ ࡉवᤚඕტ৫հ۩ࠐ୶ൣፃᓳᆏऱ౨ԺΔࠀආش Rothbart, Ahadi, Hershey, and Fisherΰ2001αᒳ፹ऱψࠝ࿙۩ം࠴ωհଡ։ၦ।ࠐၞ ۩ਜྒྷΖ၁Ε֮൶ಘ
ԫΕؔࠝऱൣፃषᄎ֏
༉ؔࠝൣፃषᄎ֏ऱൣቼەၦΔೈ୮அᇙൣტऱյ೯ᆖ᧭Δٵᕦյ೯Εᖂீ ऱൣტඒߛՈຟፖଡ᧯ऱൣፃ౨Ժയլױ։Ζ܀ءઔߒለᣂࣹڇ୮அൣტյ೯ऱ ᐋ૿ΔฅຶؔࠝڇآছؔᆇႼ༉ᦰছΔፖ׀ئᘣڶለ᙮ऱյ೯ፖ൷ᤛΔᆖطᘣၴᗣٽऱᆖ᧭խΔດዬ৬مದ᥆࣍ᠨֱᗑऱൣტ।ሒࢨ֘ᚨঞΖଈ٣Δ
ءઔߒ៶طᣊীᖂ࠷ٻΰThe typological approachαΕषᄎᖂᓵऱᨠኘፖᑓُΕ
ᘣյ೯࠷ٻΰThe parent-child interactional approachαڼԿଡᓵᨠរΔࠐᛵᇞ ݮႿؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏषᄎ֏ऱױ౨ຜஉΖรԫΔ׀ئආ࠷೯ऱߡۥΔຘመඒ塄۩ ࠐݮႿؔࠝऱൣፃ।Δࠏڕ Baumrindΰ1973; ֧۞ Parke & Buriel, 1998αऱ ९ཚઔߒ࣠ਐנΔؔࠝൕᖂছၸࠩॹ֟ڣཚΔاڤऱඒ塄۩ױאᥛڇ ؔࠝߪՂࠩإٻऱ࣠Δۖᦞڤऱ׀ئᄎᖄીؔࠝڇᎁवࡉषᄎ౨ԺՂڶ९ ཚٻऱ࣠ΖรԲΔؔࠝءߪ೯ၞ۩ᨠኘࡉᑓُᒭΔᛵᇞࠩൣፃ֘ᚨऱࠌ شழᖲ֗פ౨Δࠏڕؔࠝᄎኙ૽سԳ᧩լ֖Δܑਢ׀ئኙࠡ᧩נٻ ൣტऱԳΔຍᎅࣔؔࠝᄎᅃ׀ئऱ֘ᚨאᚥܗ۞աᖂൣፃ۩ऱ֘ᚨΰࣥਟ ᐝΔا 88αΖรԿΔ׀ئፖؔࠝࠟଡ᧯ऱઌյᐙΔൕֲൄسΕሏᚭյ೯ൣ ቼᇙΔᠨֱլឰڼᖂΕଥإΔ່৵ݮګԫࡐࡳऱൣፃ֘ᚨᑓڤΔڕٵ Carson and Parkeΰ1996; ֧۞ Parke & Buriel, 1998α࿇ᅝ׀ᘣለൄࠌشٻൣፃࠐڃ ᚨᖂছؔࠝऱٻൣტ।ழΔؔࠝለषᄎݾ؏ᄎנಲᝩࡉለڍऱސ ᚰΔ᧩قؔࠝᄎൕ׀ၴऱյ೯ᆖ᧭Δ৬ዌנڕ۶ڇषᄎյ೯խ۞ݺऱٻ ൣፃΖ
Eisenberg, Cumberland, and Spinradΰ1998αڇ֮ᖞխਐנ׀ئऱൣፃष ᄎ֏ױ։ԿՕᠲΔԫ׀ئኙؔࠝൣፃऱ֘ᚨΖઔߒ࿇׀ئኙؔࠝऱ֘ᚨΔ ᄎኙؔࠝऱषᄎݾ؏ࡉٵᕦᣂএขسᐙΰFabes, Leonard, Kupanoff, & Martin, 2001; Greenberg, 2002; Spinrad et al., 2004αΖԲ׀ئፖؔࠝᓫᓵൣፃΖڇֲൄኙ ᇩխΔ׀ئױ౨ܑൎᓳਬࠄࡳൣፃΔᇢቹᇞᤩൣፃऱڂፖ࣠ࡉ࠰ܗؔࠝԱᇞ ൣፃऱᓳᆏፖᆖ᧭Δਚ୮அᇙऱൣፃಘᓵլႛႚሒ֭ऱრොΔՈᏺൎؔࠝኙൣ ፃणኪऱवᤚඕტ৫Δڶܗ࣍ൣፃᄗ࢚ࡉߡۥ࠷ཙऱ࿇୶ΰDunn & Brown, 1991;
Shaffer, 2000αΖԿ׀ئൣፃऱ।ሒΖઔߒਐנ׀ئൣፃऱ।ሒլႛऴ൷ᐙؔ
ࠝऱൣፃ।ሒΔՈᄎᐙؔࠝᇞᤩፖᛵᇞהԳൣፃ֘ᚨऱ౨ԺΰEisenberg et al.,
2003; Ramsden & Hubbard, 2002αΖਚ૿ኙؔࠝլٵऱൣፃणኪΔ׀ئᄎڶࡳऱ
।ሒࢨ֘ᚨ۩Δ۟ܧ۞೯֏ࡐࡳऱ֘ᚨᑓڤΔڼ֘ᚨᑓڤڕٵ׀ئऱ৵ ൣፃ࢚Δᄎຘመٺጟݮڤऱᘣյ೯Δၞۖᐙؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺΖ
ԲΕ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ऱփොፖઌᣂઔߒ
ጠψ׀ئऱ৵ൣፃ࢚ωΰGottman, Katz, & Hooven, 1997αΖGottman Գ ᓫ׀ئڶᣂࠡءߪኙᣄመፖسऱᆖ᧭Εኙൣፃ।ሒፖ൳ࠫऱ࢚Δא֗ኙ سࡉᣄመൣፃऱኪ৫ፖ۩Ιᙟ৵ലᓫᇷறףאᖞΔࠀאኘᤚΕ൷࠹ፖඒ ᖄԿଡ૿ٻ։࣫Δ༴૪נԿጟڇᣂࣹࠡᣄመፖسழڶࢬฆऱ୮அΖΰԫα լᅱࢨ֘ኙऱൣፃΚڼী׀ئڶܺᣄװኘᤚऱٻൣፃΔࠀᕣױ౨ᨃ ۞աᠦൣፃऱᆖ᧭ΖΰԲαඒᖄী୮அΚ׀ئᄎ೯ፖऱൣፃΔࠀီ ऱൣፃ।ԫଡඒߛᖲᄎΖΰԿα൷࠹܅ඒᖄΚࢬᘯ࣋ٚऱ୮அΔ׀ئᄎ װ൷࠹ऱൣፃΔথྤऄᚥܗൕൣፃխװԱᇞࢨᖂΖڇຍԿጟ୮அᣊী ᇙΔඒᖄী୮அऱ৵ൣፃܑ࢚࠹ࠩᣂࣹΔڂൣፃඒᖄীऱ׀ئለࠡ הᣊীऱ׀ئΔڶ౨Ժװ᠏֏ൣፃΕፖൣፃ۞ڇઌΔՈለ౨ᓳᆏൣፃΰGottman et al., 1996αΖڼ؆ Gottman Գΰ1997; ֧۞ᆺ٠ᔕΔا 91αᝫࣹრࠩψൣፃ؈ ൳ωΰemotion-dysfunctionαᣊীऱ׀ئΔਐᆖطԫഔፖൣፃઌᣂऱࠨᖿΔึߒ֧ ࿇נسΕ୭ࢢ֗༟႞ڍጟൣፃऱٽტ࠹Δࠌଡ᧯ኙءߪऱൣፃᓳᆏტࠩ ྤ౨ԺΔ۟ڶ؈൳ტΖ ᆺ٠ᔕΰا 91αᎁψ৵ൣፃ࢚ωਢଡ᧯ኙൣፃઌᣂࠃ೭ऱٺႈച۩פ ౨Δץਔኙ۞աࢨהԳٺڤൣፃ۩ڶԫࡳऱൣፃ֘ᚨΕᎁᢝΕᇞΕေ۷ ֗ሎشΔࠠڶᤚव֗ਐཀൣፃሎ܂ऱפ౨Δױאشࠐኘᤚ۞աፖהԳาპൣፃ۩ હ৵ऱᏁޣፖؾऱΔٵழ܂ᓳᆏࢨਐᖄ۞աڇࡳൣቼՀᚨᇠڕ۶।ൣ ፃΔؘழᝫױא܂֧ᖄࢨඒ֏הԳڕ۶ൣፃࠃٙऱૹࠉ༛Ζᆺ٠ᔕຘ መኔᎾᨠኘᘣյ೯խΔ׀ئኙՖٻൣፃऱ֘ᚨᑓڤΔࠀ᎖אᓫ׀ئኙ Ֆٻൣፃऱᎁवኪ৫ፖေᏝᇷறΔࠐᒔࡳٺጟ࢚ᣊীऱࠠ᧯ᐛፖైΔ ᙟ৵៶طքՕ૿ٻऱေ۷Δ։נጟ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ऱᣊীᐛΰᆺ٠ᔕΕ ᔤࣲࠕΕᄘةᅗΔا 94αΖรԫΔൣፃඒᖄীΰemotion-coachingαΚ׀ئࠢীᐛ ਢኙऱ૿ൣፃ֘ᚨਢᣂࣹऱΔՈ౨൷࠹ࠀ༇ૹࠡٺڤൣፃ֘ᚨΔԫ؟࿇ ֨ൣլړࢨڶൣፃܺឫംᠲழΔᄎ೯᧯၀ऱࡉಘᓵࠡൣፃ࿇سऱࠐ ᚊװ౧Δࠀᄎڜᐿፖ֧ᖄڕ۶լᦟऱൣፃ֘ᚨΖรԲΔൣፃլե௫ী ΰemotion-noninvolvementαΚ׀ئऱࠢীᐛਢኙऱ૿ൣፃ֘ᚨܧլڇ რऱΔڂڼᄎ࣋ٚٺڤൣፃ।Δԫ؟נ֨ൣլړࢨڶൣፃܺឫംᠲ ழΔط࣍ီൣፃྤढΔڂڼኙ࣍ޣಘᓵൣፃઌᣂംᠲழΔൄ।נլᆜ ױܡऱኪ৫ΔՈᎁנ૿ൣፃਢլᄎڶչᏖՕլԱऱڂଖಘᓵऱΔ ࢬאኙ࣍ڕ۶լᦟऱൣፃ֘ᚨਢ࢙ီऱΔຏൄᎁႉࠡ۞ྥਢඒᖄ
ൣፃऱ່ࠋֱڤΖรԿΔൣፃཅೈীΰemotion-dismissingαΚ׀ئऱࠢীᐛਢ ኙऱ૿ൣፃ֘ᚨឈඕტ܀থਢਗଵऱΔਚᄎޅေࠡٺڤऱ૿ൣፃ।Δ ԫ؟࿇ऱ֨ൣլړࢨڶൣፃܺឫംᠲழΔ᜔ᤚ،ଚਢڶչᏖሐऱΔ ࢬאᄎৰറࠫࡐചऱޣ᎔ݶװೈ،ଚΔܡঞᄎղؘऱᆃࠫࢨፆΔڂ ڼࠡඒᖄڕ۶լᦟऱൣፃ֘ᚨֱڤൄਢޣᕣݶཅೈ،ଚΖรΔൣፃ؈ ൳ীΰemotion-dysfunctionαΚ׀ئऱࠢীᐛਢ૿ኙऱ૿ൣፃழΔൄᄎ֧ ࿇۞աऱ壀ᆖᔆ֘ᚨΔ۟ທګ۞աנ؈൳ऱ۩Δڂڼඈ؞ፖಘᓵ૿ ൣፃ࿇سऱڂΔࠀᎁऱ૿ൣፃא֗۞աऱ؈൳۩ຟਢ๕ټࠡݎ ऱΔՈழൄᖍ۞աࢬආ࠷ऱֱڤΔޓլवᇠڕ۶ඒᖄຍࠄլᦟ ऱൣፃणኪΖᖕࢬᒔمऱٺጟ࢚ᣊীᐛΔᆺ٠ᔕᒳ፹ԫٝ׀ئ۞ݺေ۷ၦ ।Δႛಾኙψسωڼٻൣፃऱ࢚൶ಘૹរΔشࠐᘝᦸ׀ئڇጟ৵ൣ ፃ࢚ᐛႜٻऱྒྷၦՠࠠΖءઔߒڂუ൶ߒڇᘣյ೯խΔլٵऱ׀ئ৵ൣ ፃ࢚ਢܡᄎᐙؔࠝऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺΔףՂ֮֏ฆऱەၦΔᆺ٠ᔕࢬ࿇୶נ ऱψ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ၦ।ωለฤٽءઔߒࢬᙇ࠷ऱኙွΔਚאڼၦ।ྒྷၦՠ ࠠΖ ڇ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ઌᣂઔߒխΔGottman Գΰ1996αආ᜕ઔߒΔ։ܑ ڇ 5 ᄣፖ 8 ᄣऱழၴរΔઔߒ࣠࿇׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ፖऱᖂᄐګ༉Ε ٵᕦᣂএፖൈڶऴ൷ઌᣂΔԫֱ૿ᄎၴ൷ᆖطऱسᓳᆏΔᐙֲ ৵ऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺΔࠀၞԫޡᐙڇࠝ࿙խཚழऱٵᕦᣂএΕᖂᄐګ༉ፖߪ ᧯ൈΖ؆ᅝڇ 5 ᄣழΔૉ׀ئࠠڶඒᖄী৵ൣፃ࢚Δױቃྒྷ 8 ᄣழΔ۔ஃᄎေࡳࠡڶለࠋऱൣፃᤚኘፖᓳᆏ౨ԺΖHooven Գΰ1995αආشፖ ছ૪ઔߒհઌٵᑌءΔ࿇ൣፃඒᖄীऱ׀ئፖၴڶለڍإٻऱյ೯Δ ᄎנለ֟ऱ֨ܺឫΕറࣹԺለړΔፖٵᕦၴՈለ֟נٻሏᚭΔԿڣ৵ լ ႛ ڇ ᑇ ᖂ ፖ ᔹ ᦰ Ղ ڶ ለ ړ ऱ ᖂ ᄐ ګ ༉ Δ ߪ ᧯ Ո ለ ൈ Ζ Katz and Windecker-Nelsonΰ2004αא 4 ࠩ 6 ᄣڶ۩ംᠲऱؔࠝኙွΔઔߒ࿇ࠠڶ۩ ംᠲऱؔࠝΔࠡئᘣለ֟ኘᤚ۞ݺፖؔࠝൣፃΔՈለ֟ඒᖄؔࠝٻऱൣፃΙ ֘հΔᅝئᘣ౨ᤚኘ۞ݺፖؔࠝऱൣፃΔࠀඒᖄؔࠝൣፃΔؔࠝঞ᧩قለ֟ ٻऱٵᕦյ೯Ζױߠ׀ئऱൣፃඒᖄਢԫଡ९ཚᖲࠫΔངᇩᎅΔ׀ئऱ৵ൣ ፃ࢚ᄎऴ൷ࢨၴ൷ኙֲؔࠝ৵࿇୶ທګᐙΔ֠ࠡਢψൣፃඒᖄীωऱ׀ئΔ լႛኙֲؔࠝ৵࿇୶ڶ९ཚऱإٻᐙΔՈ౨ᔞழ༼ࣙؔࠝऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺΖ
ԿΕൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժऱփොፖઌᣂڂైઔߒ
ψൣፃωࡉψᓳᆏωਐࠟଡլٵऱᄗ࢚Δലࠟଡᄗ࢚ٽڇԫದΔঞݮګ ࢬᘯऱψൣፃᓳᆏωΖψൣፃωԫဲڶထᑷൣΕᖲᤞΕڶԺၦऱΔ۟ਢ႖ऱრ ᆠΙۖψᓳᆏωრ࠺ࠌհڶ఼ݧΔٽঞΔᅝଡ᧯ᐬ৷Ε؈ඨΕᦟመ৫ࢨტ ࠩે༪ழΔঁ౨ڶயچ࠰ᓳᨠऱᆖ᧭ፖ۩ΔࠌհࠠڶߜړऱᔞᚨΔڼܛᎅࣔ ൣፃᓳᆏऱءრΰۂ֮სΔا 88αΖઔߒृࠉઌᣂൣፃᓳᆏऱ֮ףאڃΔ ᖞנאᖵ࿓ࡉ࣠ࠟᨠរࠐຫ૪ൣፃᓳᆏऱࡳᆠΖรԫΔലൣፃᓳᆏီԫጟ ൣፃሎ܂ऱᖵ࿓ΖGrossΰ1999; ֧۞ᇀߐભΔا 91αᎁൣፃᓳᆏਢଡ᧯൳Ε ေ۷ፖଥإൣፃհሎ܂Δࠌଡ᧯ኙൣፃൣቼڶᔞᅝऱ֘ᚨΔࠀ౨ڶயጥࡉ༳൳ ൣፃऱԫጟᖵ࿓ΖSpinra Գΰ2004αٵᑌᎁൣፃᓳᆏਢڶᣂൣፃ֘ᚨհᓳᆏΕ ᏺףࢨଥإऱመ࿓Ζࣥਟᐝΰا 88αጵٽ֮ਐנൣፃᓳᆏਢԫጟᓳᆏإٻൣ ፃऱᖵ࿓Δൕൣፃᖿ࿇ದΔଡ᧯ڕ۶ᇭᤩڼൣቼΔᙇᖗࢨਢլڂᚨΔ৻ ᑌऱڂᚨֱڤΔຍԫຑۭऱመ࿓ΔܛਢൣፃᓳᆏΔױߠᖵ࿓խ௫ࠩسದΕ ࣹრᖵ࿓Εᎁवေ۷Ε۩֘ᚨ૿ٻऱሎ܂ΔڂڼڇൣፃᓳᆏऱٺၸᇙΔଡ ᧯ױ౨ሎشڍጟֱڤࠐሒࠩ۞ݺൣፃᓳᆏऱؾऱΖรԲΔലൣፃᓳᆏီൣፃ। ऱ౨ԺΖڕࣥ৯ܩΰا 92αီൣፃᓳᆏؔࠝኙءߪփڇ֨णኪ֗؆ڇൣፃ ࠨᖿऱ֘ᚨ౨ԺΖKalpidou, Power, Cherry, and Gottfriedΰ2004αᎁൣፃᓳᆏਢ ਐଡ᧯ڶ౨Ժװ൳ࠫൣፃऱ।ሒፖᆖ᧭ΖጵۖᓵհΔءઔߒᎁൣፃᓳᆏਢԫጟ ౨ԺΔਢᣂࣹଡ᧯ڇൣፃሎ܂ᖵ࿓խऱլٵၸΔڕ۶ಾኙൣፃࠨᖿࢨൣፃ֘ᚨΔ ຘመٺጟֱڤΔࠏڕࣹრԺ൳ࠫΕ۩ލࠫΕᓢ೯ፖवᤚඕტ৫൳ࠫࠐ୶ൣ ፃᓳᆏऱ౨ԺΔࠌଡ᧯।נฤٽषᄎᒤऱൣፃ۩Ζ ൕ࿇୶ᨠរࠐΔڣԫऴီૹऱ൶ಘڂైΔܛؔࠝऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժ ਢܡᄎᙟထڣᏺ९ֲۖዬ݇ΔڇؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏऱኔဳઔߒՂΔኙ࣍ڣፖൣ ፃᓳᆏ౨ԺհၴऱᣂএࠀྤԫીऱࡳᓵΖڍᑇऱઔߒ࿇ڣፖൣፃᓳᆏ݁ྤઌ ᣂΔࣥ৯ܩΰا 92αਐנլٵڣհؔࠝڇൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺՂڶ᧩ထฆΙFabes Գΰ1999αאؓ݁પ 4 ᄣऱؔࠝઔߒኙွΔᆖط۔ஃኙࠡᓳᆏ൳ࠫऱေࡳΔ Ո࿇ᖂছؔࠝऱࣹრԺറࣹΕލࠫ൳ࠫΕवᤚඕტ৫ࡉ܅৫የߩऱ࿇୶ࠀլ࠹ ڣڂైۖڶࢬլٵΙ܀Ոڶઔߒ࣠լ֭ڼᓵΔEisenberg Գΰ2001αආ CBQ Կଡ։ၦ।ࠐေ۷ؓ݁પ 6 ᄣؔࠝऱᓳᆏ౨ԺΔ࣠࿇ڇئᘣࢬေࡳऱᓳ ᆏխ᧩قڣฆΔངᇩᎅΔઌለ࣍ڣؔृΔڣ९ृڇࣹრԺറࣹΕࣹრԺ᠏ ฝࡉލࠫ൳ࠫ।ՂለࠋΖਚઔߒृංᓵڇؔࠝၸΔࣹრԺࡉ۩൳ࠫऱᓳᆏ ૿ٻᄎڶለ᧩ထऱګ९Ζ
ಾኙൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺऱྒྷၦֱڤࠐΔഏփઔߒࠌشऱྒྷၦֱऄڍאၦ।ࢨം ࠴Δᇢቹྒྷၦנଡ᧯ऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժ֗ฃΔڕۂ֮სΰا 88αΕᘕᅗੳΰا 91αࡉޕपᏚΰا 92αઃආψൣፃᓳᖞၦ।ωࠐྒྷၦଡ᧯ऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺΔ ௫֗ൣፃᤚኘΕൣፃ।ሒΕᓳᖞฃΕൣፃ֘ઊࡉൣፃய౨նՕ౨ԺΖࣥ৯ܩΰا 92αᓮ୮९ᖕؔࠝڇֲൄسխऱൣፃ।ࠐჄᐊψؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժၦ।ωΔ ຘመᇷறऱگႃࠀၞ۩ڂై։࣫Δലؔࠝऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժ։הԳ֧ᖄ֗ڜᐿ ۩Ε۞ݺ֧ᖄ۩Εሎشߢ।ሒൣፃΕٻऱൣፃ।ሒΔፖ۞ݺڜᐿ۩հ քՕൣፃᓳᆏฃΖᘕ⋑ࣧΕᆺ٠ᔕΰا 89αঞආش CBQ ၦ।ऱψࣹრԺ᠏ฝω ࡉψࣹრԺറࣹωࠟຝ։Δא֗࿙ڂᚨฃᛀီ।ΰChildren’s coping strategies checklist; CCSCαࠐྒྷၦऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺΖႛࣥਟᐝΰا 88αආᔆऱઔߒऄ ։࣫Δຘመᨠኘ֗ᓫऱᇷறΔჸઌᣂ֮ၞԫޡऱᨠរᇭᤩΖഏ؆ઔߒለ ൄࠌش CBQ ၦ।ࠐྒྷၦؔࠝऱᓳᆏ౨ԺΔઔߒृᄎᖕءߪኙൣፃᓳᆏऱࡳᆠΔ ᙇ࠷ CBQ հຝ։։ၦ।ࠐ܂ྒྷၦՠࠠΖEisenberg Գΰ1995αᎁൣፃᓳᆏ ਢଡ᧯ຘመࣹრԺࡉ۩Ղऱ֘ᚨΔאᓳᆏଡ᧯ڂ؆ڇࠨᖿࢬ֧࿇ऱփڇൣፃࡉ سՂ֘ᚨΔਚආش CBQ ΰThe Child Behavior Questionnaireαၦ।խψࣹრԺ റࣹωΰAttentional focusingαΕψࣹრԺ᠏ฝωΰAttentional shiftingαΕψލࠫ൳ࠫω ΰInhibitory controlαፖψᓢ೯ωΰImpulsivityαଡ։ၦ।܂ྒྷၦՠࠠΖ൷ထ
Eisenberg Գΰ2003, 2004αઃආشψࣹრԺറࣹωΕψࣹრԺ᠏ฝωࡉψލࠫ൳
ࠫωԿଡ։ၦ।ࠐေ۷ؔࠝऱᓳᆏΖRothbart ፖٵࠃΰ1993; ֧۞ Fabes et al., 1999α ല CBQ ၦ।ၞ۩ڂై։࣫Δ࿇ψڶய൳ࠫ/ލࠫωΰEffortful control / Restraintα ऱٻ৫Δ౨堚ᄑ֘ਠؔࠝਢܡࠠڶᓳᆏࠨᖿऱ౨ԺΔਚආڼٻ৫Հऱଡ։ၦ। ྒྷၦՠࠠΔץܶψލࠫ൳ࠫωΕψࣹრԺറࣹωΕψ܅৫የߩωΰLow intensity pleasureαΕψवᤚඕტ৫ωΰPerceptual sensitivityαΖ
ጵٽᖵڣഏփ؆ൣፃᓳᆏऱઔߒ࣠ΔᖞנࢤܑΕᔆΕᘣᣂএԿՕڂ ైࠐףאඖ૪Ζ༉ࢤܑڂైࠐᎅΔഏ؆ઔߒਐנΔڇ۔ஃऱေࡳՂΔᖂছՖऱ ލࠫ൳ࠫΕࣹრԺറࣹΕवᤚඕტ৫ࡉ܅৫የߩऱ।ለߊࠋΰFabes et al., 1999; Eisenberg et al., 2003αΖྥۖࣥਟᐝΰا 88αࡉ Spinrad Գΰ2004α݁࿇ ൣፃᓳᆏऱڂᚨฃࠠڶཏሙࢤΔܛྤܧߊՖࢤܑհฆΙڕٵᘕ⋑ࣧΕᆺ ٠ᔕΰا 89αऱઔߒ࣠ਐנߊՖسऱࣹრԺ൳ࠫ౨ԺࠀڶܑΔڇൣፃڶᣂ ऱᎁवፖ۩ᓳᆏऱ౨ԺՂΔႛڇಲᝩฃՂՖس։࣍ߊسΔࠡהঞྤ᧩ ࢤܑฆΖࠡڻΔಾኙᔆፖ৵֚ڂైۖߢΔࠡኔৰᣄװቤ։ࠟृኙଡ᧯ऱᐙ
ԺΔޕपᏚΰا 92αऱઔߒ࣠Δ᧩قᖂ࿙ڇᔆٺֱ૿ऱ।Δႛψ֘ᚨൎ৫ω ፖൣፃᓳᖞऱ।ܧઌᣂΔ।قᅝᖂ࿙ኙփΕ؆ڇࠨᖿࢬขسऱ֘ᚨൎ৫ყ ൎ௺ழΔᖂ࿙ڇൣፃ।ሒΕൣፃᓳᖞฃࡉ۞ݺൣፃய౨ֱ૿ऱ౨Ժױ౨ᄎყ܅ ՀΖEisenberg Գΰ1995αઔߒ࣠ឈྥਐנᔆڂైΰൣፃࢤࡉᔞᅝऱᓳᆏα ᄎᐙଡ᧯ڇൣፃࡉ۩।ՂऱംᠲΔڕࣹრԺະΕᓢ೯൳ࠫऱ؆ٻ ࢤ۩ࡉመ೯Δ܀ᔆࠀॺ୬ଡ᧯ࢬڶ۩ֱ૿ऱᓳᆏΔڶࠄᓳᆏݾ؏ਢ ױאᖂۖࠐΔଡ᧯ױאຘመषᄎ֏ࢨהԳඒᖄࠐᖂލࠫᓢ೯ࡉᔞᅝऱൣፃ। ሒΖ່৵༉ᘣᣂএࠐᎅΔۂ֮სΰا 88αઔߒ࣠᧩قषᄎൣტᆖ᧭ऱᐙΔ ץਔᖂீΕٵᕦ֗୮அյ೯ᆖ᧭Δᄎऴ൷ᐙൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժऱ࿇୶Ζᘕᅗੳΰا 91α࿇լٵ׀ئጥඒֱڤኙഏ՛ᖂ࿙ڇൣፃᓳᖞ।Ղڶ᧩ထฆΖޕपᏚਐ נᘣᣂএऱՕᐋ૿ΰઌյॾٚΕ֖ᓩࢤٌΕൣტٌੌΕᗑمαઃፖൣፃᓳ ᆏၦ।ڶإઌᣂΖഏ؆ઔߒ Berlin and Cassidyΰ2003αઔߒ࣠࿇Δᅝئᘣኙ ऱ।ሒආ൳ࠫΔࠡᄎለ֟।ሒࡉ։ࠆൣፃΔא֗ለൄᚘލ۞ݺൣፃΙ ઌኙऱΔEisenberg Գΰ2003α࿇ᅝئᘣყൄ।ሒإٻऱൣፃழΔࠡऱᓳ ᆏ।ᄎყړΖ
㧫Εઔߒֱऄ
ԫΕઔߒᑌءૠ
ΰԫαإڤᑌء ءઔߒא 93 ᖂڣ৫তؑؔᆇႼՕఄؔࠝऱ୮९ઔߒኙွΔආ։ᐋᙟᖲࢼ ᑌऱֱڤၞ۩ᑌءᙇ࠷Ζၦ֏ઔߒ່ૹီᑌءऱז।ࢤΔਚઔߒᑌءყՕყ౨ז ।ئᆢ᧯ऱᔆΔ܀ঢ়࣍ઔߒृءߪऱழၴፖԳԺՂऱૻࠫΔ່৵ቃૠᙇ࠷ 500 ۯؔࠝإڤઔߒᑌءΖଈ٣Δޢఄࢼ࠷ 5 ۯؔࠝࠐૠጩΔ٥Ꮑࢼ࠷ 100 ଡՕఄΖ ࠡڻΔലতؑቤ։քՕ۩ਙΔࠉٺհֆߏمؔᆇႼऱఄ్ᑇֺࠏΔጩנ ٺᇠࢼ࠷נऱఄ్ᑇၦΖ൷ထΔലতؑֆߏمؔᆇႼఄ్ᑇףאᒳඈݧᇆΔ ࠌش႖ᑇ।ᙟᖲࢼ࠷ 100 ଡఄ్إڤਜྒྷᑌءΖ່৵ΔઔߒृᆖطሽᇩऱᜤᢀΔ ࠷তؑᣋრፖઔߒऱؔᆇႼΔપࡳழၴ৵طઔߒृᘣ۞ছٺႼࢬΔٻႼ ९ࡉඒஃᎅࣔം࠴ਜྒྷֱڤፖࣹრࠃႈΔᙟ৵ॵՂਜྒྷᎅࣔΔ᠏طᇠఄඒஃ࠰ܗലψ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ωࡉψൣፃᓳᆏၦ।ωࠟٝം࠴࿇ؔࠝڃᓮ୮९ჄᐊΖ ڂڼΔءઔߒᑌءࠐ۞তؑ 48 ࢬؔᆇႼऱ 500 ۯՕఄؔࠝΔ٥ૠڃگ 491 ٝം ࠴Δڃگሒ 98.2%Δඈೈྤயം࠴৵ΔኔᎾڶயࠌشം࠴ᑇ 475 ٝΖ ΰԲαᑌءհഗءᔆ༴૪ ؔࠝ٥ 475 ۯΔՖس 259 ۯΰ54.5%αΔߊس 216 ۯΰ45.5%αΖڣֱ૿Δא ִࠐૠጩΔִؓ݁ 75 ଡִΖڇؔࠝ༉ᦰႼࢬհ۩ਙֱ૿ΔࣟԳᑇ່ ڍڶ 150 ۯؔࠝΰ31.6%αΔࠡڻਢקڶ 97 ۯؔࠝΰ20.4%αΔ٦ࠡڻڜত ڶ 79 ۯؔࠝΰ16.6%αΖ୮९ຝ։ΔჄृאؔࠝऱئᘣࡺڍΔપ۾Զګؐ׳Ζ ڣᐋڍ։܉ڇ 31~40 ᄣࡉ 41~50 ᄣհၴΔપ۾᜔ԳᑇऱګאՂΖڇඒߛ࿓৫ ֱ૿ΔאՕᖂ(റ)ࡉխᖂᖵृՕࡲΔࠟृ٥ૠ൷२᜔Գᑇऱګؐ׳Ζڇ ᄐᣊֱܑ૿Δאറ୮அഡΰ֛αΰ34.1%αࡉխ՛ٞᄐृΰ41.7%αለڍΖ!
ԲΕઔߒྒྷၦՠࠠ
ΰԫα׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ၦ। ءઔߒආᆺ٠ᔕΰا 91αᒳ፹ऱψ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ၦ।ωྒྷၦՠࠠΔ ٤ၦ।٥ڶ 42 ଡᠲႈΖ܂ழط׀ئᖕޢᠲऱඖ૪փ୲Δطψݙ٤ฤٽωࠩψݙ ٤լฤٽωհքរၦ֡խΔᙇנ່ฤٽ۞աኔᎾणउऱႈ܂֍ᙇΖڇய৫ຝ։Δ ڂైԫψൣፃඒᖄীωΔࠡᐛଖ 5.87Δᇞᤩ᧢ฆၦ 14%ΙڂైԲψൣፃլ ե௫ীωΔࠡᐛଖ 4.16Δᇞᤩ᧢ฆၦ 9.9%ΙڂైԿψൣፃཅೈীωΔࠡᐛ ଖ 3.65Δᇞᤩ᧢ฆၦ 8.7%Ιڂైψൣፃ؈൳ীωΔࠡᐛଖ 5.24Δᇞᤩ ᧢ฆၦ 12.5%Ζڇॾ৫ຝ։Δءઔߒආփຝԫીࢤএᑇ Cronbach ࠐၞ۩ॾ৫ ە᧭Δψൣፃඒᖄীωऱ ଖ 0.85Ιψൣፃլե௫ীωऱ ଖ 0.78Ιψൣፃཅ ೈীωऱ ଖ 0.69Ιψൣፃ؈൳ীωऱ ଖ 0.88Ι᜔ۖၦ।ऱ ଖ 0.79Ζ ৵ൣፃ࢚ऱ։ᑇΔਢ࠹ᇢृڇٺ։ၦ।խޢႈ։հף᜔ೈאᇠ։ၦ।ऱᠲ ᑇΔࢬհؓ݁։ᑇΔਚޢۯ୮९݁ڶႈ։ᑇΖ ΰԲαൣፃᓳᆏၦ। ءၦ।এە Rothbart Գΰ2001αᒳ፹ऱψࠝ࿙۩ം࠴ωΰ១ጠ CBQαΔ ࠉᖕઔߒृኙൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺऱࡳᆠΔᖗ࠷ฤٽઔߒࢬᏁٻ৫ऱᠲؾΔലհګ խ֮৵ΔᓮઌᣂᏆऱറ୮ᖂृ༉ൣፃᓳᆏၦ।ऱփ୲Ε᥆ࢤࡉᣊীऱᔞᅝࢤף אᐉΔᙟ৵ലਬࠄᠲႈऱᆠףאଥޏΖ൷ထኔᎾᓮ༓ۯߛڶՕఄؔࠝऱ୮९ၞ۩ᔹᦰፖᇢΔᨠኘਢܡڶᔹᦰܺᣄࢨᠲრլ堚ऱൣݮΔࠀᝮᓮةൈؑਬؔᆇ ႼՕఄऱ 50 ۯ୮९ၞ۩ቃᇢΔቃᇢᠲႈࣹრԺറࣹΕࣹრԺ᠏ฝΕᓢ೯ࡉލࠫ ൳ࠫଡ։ၦ।Δ٥ 51 ᠲΖቃᇢխ࿇ᠲؾ֜९ᄎ༼Ⴤृऱఒଐ৫ۖᐙإ ᒔࢤΔਚإڤਜྒྷழΔޏආ CBQ ၦ।հ១ठ܂إڤᠲႈΔץࣹܶრԺറࣹΕ ᓢ೯Εवᤚඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫΔ٥ 24 ᠲΖءၦ।طؔࠝऱ୮९ၞ۩ჄΔ܂ழ ٣ᔹᦰٺᠲႈඖ૪ΔެࡳڇመװքଡִխΔؔࠝऱ֘ᚨਢܡڕٵᠲႈᎅࣔΔطψ᜔ ਢڕڼωࠩψൕլڕڼωհնរၦ֡խΔᙇנ່ฤٽֲؔࠝൄ।ऱႈ܂֍ᙇΖ ڇய৫ֱ૿Δءၦ।ආറ୮ய৫ፖயᑑᣂᜤய৫ࠐၞ۩ᛀࡳΖڇറ୮ய৫ֱ ૿ΔઔߒृᝮᓮࠟۯઌᣂᏆऱᖂृറ୮Δ༉ᠲؾ౨ܡྒྷၦנᇠᐋ૿ऱᔆၞ۩ ᐉᔹଥإΔࠀאঅఎΕଥޏΕฝႈࡉܔೈڼଡٻ৫ᓮറ୮ףא֍ᙇΔࠀղଥ ޏრߠΔࠌڼၦ।ڇփ୲ய৫Ղ౨ฤٽࢬྒྷၦऱൣፃᓳᆏΖൕயᑑᣂᜤய ৫ۖߢΔڇܨፇΕ്Ꮥܷΰا 94αψؔࠝऱൣፃࢤΕൣፃᓳᆏΕፖࠡٵᕦյ೯ հᣂএωऱઔߒխΔࠌشፖءઔߒઌٵऱൣፃᓳᆏၦ।ྒྷၦՠࠠΔઔߒ࣠ ࿇୲࣐ൎ௺سࡉࠠڶ܅ൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺऱΔႜٻለڍऱސᚰ۩Δۖس ፖ୭ࢢΕ܅ൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺऱΔڶለڍऱಯᜍ۩Δܛؔࠝऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժ ፖܓषᄎ۩ܧ᧩ထإઌᣂΰr=.56ΔpІ.001αΔ᧩قൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժ။ړΔܓष ᄎ۩။ڍΖڇॾ৫ֱ૿ΔRothbart Գΰ2001αڇေࡳࠩնᄣऱᑌءՂਐנ ၦ। ؓ݁ሒ.73ΰ.64-.92αΔڇေࡳքࠩԮᄣऱᑌءՂၦ। ؓ݁ሒ.75ΰ.67-.92αΔ ᧩ق։ၦ।ऱॾ৫ᏅࠋΖءઔߒՈආփຝԫીࢤএᑇ Cronbach ࠐၞ۩ە᧭Δψࣹ რԺറࣹωऱ ଖ 0.71Ιψᓢ೯ωऱ ଖ 0.61Ιψवᤚඕტ৫ωऱ ଖ 0.69Ι ψލࠫ൳ࠫωऱ ଖ 0.71Δ᜔ۖၦ।ऱ ଖ 0.73Ζؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժऱ։ᑇΔ ؔࠝڇൣፃᓳᆏٺ։ၦ।խޢႈ։հף᜔ೈאᇠ։ၦ।ऱᠲᑇΔࢬհؓ݁ ։ᑇΖ
ԿΕᇷற։࣫ऱֱऄ
ം࠴ڃگ৵ΔઔߒृܛലᇷறᙁԵሽᆰΔࠉઔߒؾऱፖףא։ᣊᒳ ᇆΕૠ։Ε࿆ᙕΔࠌش SPSS ᇘຌ᧯࿓ڤၞ۩ᇷறፖ։࣫Δࠀࠉᖕઔߒؾ ऱፖ᧢ႈհྒྷၦᐋڻഗ៕Δᙇᖗᔞᅝऱᇷற։ֱ࣫ऄΔאڃءઔߒհઔߒം ᠲΔץܶ༴૪อૠΕؼዿཤᗨઌᣂΕt ە᧭ࡉດޡಱូ։࣫ΖᆥΕઔߒ࣠ፖ։࣫
ԫΕ৵ൣፃ࢚ፖൣፃᓳᆏհ༴૪อૠ
ઔߒ࣠᧩قΔ׀ئڇൣፃඒᖄ࢚Εൣፃլե௫࢚Εൣፃཅೈ࢚ࡉൣ ፃ؈൳࢚ऱؓ݁։Δ։ܑ 4.65Ε2.71Ε3.65Ε2.85Δᑑᄷ 0.60Ε0.66Ε 0.76Ε0.94ΖؔࠝڇࣹრԺറࣹΕᓢ೯Εवᤚඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫऱؓ݁։Δ։ܑ 3.78Ε3.29Ε3.98Ε3.73Δᑑᄷ 0.54Ε0.56Ε0.56Ε0.59Ζ!ԲΕڣፖൣፃᓳᆏհઌᣂ
ᛵᇞؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժਢܡᙟထڣዬᏺۖڶለګᑵऱ।Δءઔߒආ Pearson ᗨઌᣂࠐᛵᇞؔࠝڣፖൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժऱઌᣂ࿓৫Ζൕ। 4-1 ऱ࣠։ ࣫ױवΔؔࠝڣፖࣹრԺറࣹΕލࠫ൳ࠫऱ।ઃܧ᧩ထإઌᣂΔp ଖ։ܑ՛ ࣍.01 ࡉ.05Ιۖࠡፖᓢ೯ࡉवᤚඕტ৫ঞڶઌᣂΔ।قᅝؔࠝڣყ९Δڇࣹ რԺറࣹࡉލࠫ൳ࠫऱ।ՂᄎყࠋΖ । 4-1ʳ ؔࠝڣፖଡൣፃᓳᆏ։ၦ।հٌյᣂএ ൣፃᓳᆏၦ। ؔࠝڣΰִα ࣹრԺറࣹ .14** ᓢ೯ -.06 वᤚඕტ৫ .08 ލࠫ൳ࠫ .11* N=475; * pІ.05. ** pІ.01.ԿΕؔࠝࢤܑڇൣፃᓳᆏՂհฆ։࣫
ڃߊՖڇൣፃᓳᆏ։ՂڶྤฆΔઔߒृၞ۩ᗑمᑌءuᛀࡳΔ៶ אᛵᇞߊՖڇൣፃᓳᆏଡ։ၦ।Ղ։ऱฆൣݮΖൕ। 4-2 ऱ࣠։࣫ױ वΔڇψࣹრԺറࣹωֱ૿ΔߊՖऱ᧢ฆᑇࠠڶٵᔆࢤΔە᧭࣠ t ଖ-1.43 ΰpЇ.05αΔ᧩قฆآሒ᧩ထΙڇψᓢ೯ωֱ૿ΔߊՖऱ᧢ฆᑇࠠڶٵᔆࢤΔە᧭࣠ t ଖ 1.87ΰpЇ.05αΔ᧩قฆآሒ᧩ထΙڇψवᤚඕტ৫ωֱ૿Δ ߊՖऱ᧢ฆᑇࠠڶٵᔆࢤΔە᧭࣠ t ଖ-4.13ΰpІ.001αΔঞڶ᧩ထฆΙ ڇψލࠫ൳ࠫωֱ૿ΔߊՖऱ᧢ฆᑇࠠڶٵᔆࢤΔە᧭࣠ t ଖ-4.09ΰp І.001αΔঞڶ᧩ထฆΖױߠߊՖڇवᤚඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫ։Ղܧ᧩ထ ฆΔൕᑌءؓ݁ᑇױנΔՖऱवᤚඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫ।݁ለߊࠋΖ! । 4-2ʳ ߊΕՖڇൣፃᓳᆏၦ।Ղऱ t ᛀࡳ ߊ Ֆ ൣፃᓳᆏၦ। ؓ݁ᑇΰᑑᄷα ؓ݁ᑇΰᑑᄷα t ଖ ࣹრԺറࣹ 3.74ΰ0.56α 3.81ΰ0.53α -1.43 ᓢ೯ 3.34ΰ0.55α 3.24ΰ0.56α 1.87 वᤚඕტ৫ 3.86ΰ0.57α 4.07ΰ0.53α -4.13*** ލࠫ൳ࠫ 3.62ΰ0.62α 3.83ΰ0.55α -4.09*** N=475; * pІ.05. *** pІ.001.
Ε৵ൣፃ࢚ፖൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժհઌᣂ։࣫
ڃ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ፖؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺհၴਢܡڶઌᣂژڇΔਚಾኙ ٺ᧢ႈၞ۩ Pearson ᗨઌᣂ։࣫Ζઔߒ࣠࿇Δጟ৵ൣፃ࢚ፖؔࠝൣ ፃᓳᆏխऱࣹრԺറࣹΕवᤚඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫՕڍڶ᧩ထઌᣂΔ܀ፖᓢ೯հၴ ՕڍڶઌᣂΖ ൕ। 4-3 ऱ࣠։࣫ױवΔڇψඒᖄীωֱ૿ΔፖࣹؔࠝრԺറࣹΕवᤚඕ ტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫऱઌᣂ։ܑ.33Ε.35 ࡉ.35ΰpІ.001αΔ݁ܧ᧩ထإઌᣂΙ܀ፖ ᓢ೯ڶઌᣂΖࠡڻΔڇψլե௫ীωΕψ؈൳ীωֱ૿ΔፖࣹრԺറࣹऱઌᣂ։ ܑ-.14 ࡉ-.32Δፖवᤚඕტ৫ऱઌᣂ։ܑ-.12 ࡉ-.15Δፖލࠫ൳ࠫऱઌᣂ։ܑ -.13 ࡉ-.34Δ᧩ق৵ൣፃ࢚ψլե௫ীωࡉψ؈൳ীωΔ݁ፖؔࠝൣፃᓳ ᆏ౨Ժܧ᧩ထઌᣂΔ܀ፖᓢ೯݁ྤઌᣂΖ່৵ਢψཅೈীωፖࣹؔࠝრԺറࣹΕ ލࠫ൳ࠫऱઌᣂ։ܑ-.24 ࡉ-.20ΰpІ.001αΔܧ᧩ထઌᣂΙፖᓢ೯ऱઌᣂ.11 ΰpІ.05αΔܧ᧩ထإઌᣂΙፖवᤚඕტ৫ঞڶઌᣂΖ᧩قૉ׀ئڇൣፃඒᖄ ী։။ΔؔࠝڇࣹრԺറࣹΕवᤚඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫऱ։Ոᄎ။Ιૉ׀ ئڇൣፃլե௫ীΕൣፃཅೈীࢨൣፃ؈൳ী։။ΔઌኙؔࠝڇࣹრԺറࣹΕवᤚඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫऱ։ᄎ။܅Δᅝխႛڶൣፃཅೈী։ፖवᤚඕტ৫ऱ ઌᣂآሒ᧩ထΔ࿇ૉ׀ئڇൣፃཅೈী։။Δࠡؔࠝڇᓢ೯ऱ։Ո ᄎ။Ζ! । 4-3ʳ ৵ൣፃ࢚ፖଡൣፃᓳᆏ։ၦ।հٌյᣂএ ࣹრԺറࣹ ᓢ೯ वᤚඕტ৫ ލࠫ൳ࠫ ൣፃඒᖄ .33*** -.01 .35*** .35*** ൣፃլե௫ -.14** -.02 -.12** -.13** ൣፃཅೈ -.24*** .11* -.06 -.20*** ൣፃ؈൳ -.32*** .05 -.15*** -.34*** N=475; * pІ.05. ** pІ.01.
նΕ৵ൣፃ࢚ڇؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺՂհಱូ։࣫
ഏ؆ઔߒ݁ਐנ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ᄎኙؔࠝᓳᆏ౨ԺທګᐙΰHooven et al., 1995; Gottman et al., 1996αΔڂڼءઔߒආٵᑌऱߡ৫ࠐৱڼࠟृհᣂএࡉᐙ ֱٻΔᇢቹൕ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚խބנቃྒྷؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏऱૹڂైΔאڃ ઔߒംᠲψ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ኙؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺऱቃྒྷԺ۶ΛωΖൕ৵ൣ ፃ࢚ፖൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժऱઌᣂ࣠ױवΔጟ৵ൣፃ࢚ፖؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժ ڶ᧩ထઌᣂΔႛፖᓢ೯ڶઌᣂΙ֠ࠡਢψࣹრԺറࣹωΕψލࠫ൳ࠫωհ।Δ ፖޢԫጟ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ઃઌᣂΔೈൣፃඒᖄী࢚ፖհܧ᧩ထإઌᣂ؆Δ ࠡ塒ઃ᧩ထઌᣂΖጵٽՂ૪࣠ױංᓵΔጟ৵ൣፃ࢚ڇᓢ೯ऱᇞᤩၦ ᄎೣ܅Δۖ׀ئࠠڶψඒᖄীωऱ৵ൣፃ࢚Δ౨إٻቃྒྷؔࠝڇࣹრԺറࣹ ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫՂऱ।Ζ؆ઔߒ֮Ոਐנڣᏺ९Δא֗ࢤܑฆຟױ౨ᐙ ؔࠝऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺΔףՂءઔߒ࣠ਐנؔࠝࢤܑΕڣઃፖൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժڶ ઌᣂΔڂڼઔߒृٍലؔࠝψࢤܑωࡉψڣωԫࠓ٨Եቃྒྷൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժऱૹ ڂైհԫΖ່৵ΔאؔࠝࢤܑΕڣࡉጟ৵ൣፃ࢚ቃྒྷ᧢ႈΔၞ۩ດ ޡಱូอૠ։࣫ΰmultiple stepwise regression analysisαΖࠡ։࣫࣠ូڕՀΚ ڇቃྒྷψࣹრԺറࣹωՂΔࠉ। 4-4 ऱ࣠։࣫ױवΔၞԵດޡಱូֱ࿓ڤ ڶൣፃඒᖄী࢚Εൣፃཅೈী࢚Εڣࡉൣፃ؈൳ী࢚ଡቃྒྷ᧢ႈΔᓳ ᖞ৵ R ֱؓ.185ΰF=27.88ΔPІ.001αΔ᜔ૠױᇞᤩࣹؔࠝრԺറࣹ 18.5%ऱ᧢ฆၦΖڇດޡಱូ։࣫խΔଈ٣ၞԵಱូֱ࿓ڤऱቃྒྷ᧢ႈਢൣፃඒᖄী࢚Δ ࠡױᗑمᇞᤩࣹრԺറࣹ 10.8%ऱ᧢ฆၦΔאᓳᖞ৵ऱ R ֱؓࠐ।قΔսڶ 10.6% ऱᇞᤩԺΙᙇԵൣፃཅೈী࢚հቃྒྷ᧢ႈ৵ΔױኙࣹრԺറࣹᏺף 6%ऱᇞᤩ ၦΙۖᏺףรԿቃྒྷ᧢ႈؔࠝڣΔױฃᏺ 1.2%ऱᇞᤩၦΙ່৵ףԵൣፃ؈൳ী ࢚ቃྒྷ᧢ႈΔٵᑌฃᏺ 1.2%ऱᇞᤩၦΖᛀီٺ᧢ႈऱᑑᄷ֏ಱូএᑇΰBetaαΔ ։ܑਢൣፃඒᖄী࢚.276Εൣፃཅೈী࢚-.172Εڣ.114Εൣፃ؈൳ ী࢚-.139Ζױߠ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ࡉؔࠝڣױቃྒྷࣹრԺറࣹऱ։Δႛ ൣፃլե௫ী࢚ڶቃྒྷԺΔאൣፃඒᖄী࢚ኙࣹრԺറࣹ।່ࠠᐙ ԺΖ ڇቃྒྷψᓢ೯ωՂΔൕ। 4-4 ऱ࣠։࣫ױवΔၞԵດޡಱូֱ࿓ڤऱႛڶ ൣፃཅೈী࢚ڼቃྒྷ᧢ႈΔᓳᖞ৵ R ֱؓ.01ΰF=5.89ΔPІ.05αΔ᜔ૠױᇞ ᤩؔࠝᓢ೯ 1%ऱ᧢ฆၦΖኙᅃψࣹრԺറࣹωࠉ᧢ႈױᇞᤩ 18.5%ऱ᧢ฆၦࠐ ᎅΔ༉ᓢ೯ࠉ᧢ႈࠐᎅΔႛ౨ᇞᤩࠡ 1%ऱ᧢ฆၦΔᇞᤩԺฃ᧩ᜳஇΖᛀီ᧢ ႈऱᑑᄷ֏ಱូএᑇΰBetaαΔൣፃཅೈী࢚.111Ζױߠൣፃཅೈী࢚ױ ቃྒྷؔࠝᓢ೯ऱ։Ζ ڇቃྒྷψवᤚඕტ৫ωՂΔࠉ। 4-4 ऱ࣠։࣫ױवΔၞԵດޡಱូֱ࿓ڤ ڶൣፃඒᖄী࢚ࡉࢤܑԲଡቃྒྷ᧢ႈΔᓳᖞ৵ R ֱؓ.15ΰF=42.79ΔPІ.001αΔ ᜔ૠױᇞᤩؔࠝवᤚඕტ৫ 15%ऱ᧢ฆၦΖڇດޡಱូ։࣫խΔଈ٣ၞԵಱូֱ ࿓ڤऱቃྒྷ᧢ႈਢൣፃඒᖄী࢚Δࠡױᗑمᇞᤩवᤚඕტ৫ 12.4%ऱ᧢ฆၦΔ אᓳᖞ৵ऱ R ֱؓࠐ।قΔսڶ 12.2%ऱᇞᤩԺΙᙇԵؔࠝࢤܑհቃྒྷ᧢ႈ৵Δ ױኙवᤚඕტ৫ᏺף 2.9%ऱᇞᤩၦΖᛀီٺ᧢ႈऱᑑᄷ֏ಱូএᑇΰBetaαΔ ։ܑਢൣፃඒᖄী࢚.345Εࢤܑ.172Ζױߠൣፃඒᖄী࢚ࡉؔࠝࢤܑױቃ ྒྷवᤚඕტ৫ऱ։Δאൣፃඒᖄী࢚ኙؔࠝवᤚඕტ৫।່ࠠᐙԺΖ ڇቃྒྷψލࠫ൳ࠫωՂΔࠉ। 4-4 ऱ࣠։࣫ױवΔၞԵດޡಱូֱ࿓ڤڶ ൣፃඒᖄী࢚Εൣፃ؈൳ী࢚ΕࢤܑΕڣࡉൣፃཅೈী࢚ڼնଡቃྒྷ᧢ ႈΔᓳᖞ৵ R ֱؓ.214ΰF=26.77ΔPІ.001αΔ᜔ૠױᇞᤩؔࠝލࠫ൳ࠫ 21.4% ऱ᧢ฆၦΖڇດޡಱូ։࣫խΔଈ٣ၞԵಱូֱ࿓ڤऱቃྒྷ᧢ႈਢൣፃඒᖄী ࢚ΔࠡױᗑمᇞᤩࣹრԺറࣹ 12.1%ऱ᧢ฆၦΔאᓳᖞ৵ऱ R ֱؓࠐ।قΔսڶ 11.9%ऱᇞᤩԺΙᙇԵൣፃ؈൳ী࢚հቃྒྷ᧢ႈ৵Δױኙލࠫ൳ࠫᏺף 5.4%ऱ ᇞᤩၦΙۖᏺףรԿቃྒྷ᧢ႈؔࠝࢤܑΔױᏺף 2.9%ऱᇞᤩၦΙᏺףรቃྒྷ᧢ ႈؔࠝڣΔױฃᏺ 1%ऱᇞᤩၦΙ່৵ףԵൣፃཅೈী࢚ቃྒྷ᧢ႈΔႛฃᏺ
0.8%ऱᇞᤩၦΖᛀီٺ᧢ႈऱᑑᄷ֏ಱូএᑇΰBetaαΔ։ܑਢൣፃඒᖄী ࢚.27Εൣፃ؈൳ী࢚-.187Εࢤܑ.177Εڣ.098 ࡉൣፃཅೈী࢚ -.107Ζױߠ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ࡉؔࠝࢤܑΕڣΔ݁ױቃྒྷލࠫ൳ࠫऱ։Δႛ ൣፃլե௫ী࢚լࠠቃྒྷԺΔאൣፃඒᖄী࢚ኙލࠫ൳ࠫ।່ࠠᐙԺΖ । 4-4ʳ ᐙ׀ئေࡳؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժհດޡಱូ։࣫ኴ। ࠉ᧢ႈ ޡᨏ ቃྒྷ᧢ႈ ᑑᄷ֏ ಱូএᑇ R ᓳᖞ৵ R ֱؓ R ֱؓ ޏ᧢ၦ F ଖ ࣹრԺറࣹ 1 ൣፃඒᖄী࢚ .329 .329 .106 .108 57.22*** 2 ൣፃඒᖄী࢚ ൣፃཅೈী࢚ .334 -.244 .409 .164 .060 47.43*** 3 ൣፃඒᖄী࢚ ൣፃཅೈী࢚ ڣ .329 -.241 .112 .424 .175 .012 34.42*** 4 ൣፃඒᖄী࢚ ൣፃཅೈী࢚ ڣ ൣፃ؈൳ী࢚ .276 -.172 .114 -.139 .438 .185 .012 27.88*** ᓢ೯ 1 ൣፃཅೈী࢚ .111 .111 .010 .012 5.89* वᤚඕტ৫ 1 ൣፃඒᖄী࢚ .353 .353 .122 .124 67.01*** 2 ൣፃඒᖄী࢚ ࢤܑ .345 .172 .392 .150 .029 42.79*** ލࠫ൳ࠫ 1 ൣፃඒᖄী࢚ .348 .348 .119 .121 65.02*** 2 ൣፃඒᖄী࢚ ൣፃ؈൳ী࢚ .257 -.249 .418 .171 .054 49.87*** 3 ൣፃඒᖄী࢚ ൣፃ؈൳ী࢚ .250 -.249
ࠉ᧢ႈ ޡᨏ ቃྒྷ᧢ႈ ᑑᄷ֏ ಱូএᑇ R ᓳᖞ৵ R ֱؓ R ֱؓ ޏ᧢ၦ F ଖ ࢤܑ .171 .452 .199 .029 40.15*** 4 ൣፃඒᖄী࢚ ൣፃ؈൳ী࢚ ࢤܑ ڣ .245 -.248 .178 .102 .463 .208 .010 31.97*** 5 ൣፃඒᖄী࢚ ൣፃ؈൳ী࢚ ࢤܑ ڣ ൣፃཅೈী࢚ .270 -.187 .177 .098 -.107 .472 .214 .008 26.77*** * pІ.05. *** pІ.001.
ٔΕઔߒಘᓵፖ৬ᤜ
ԫΕઔߒಘᓵ
ΰԫαؔࠝڣፖൣፃᓳᆏհᣂএ ءઔߒ࣠ፖ Eisenberg Գΰ2001αऱ࿇ઌฤٽΔઃਐנᅝؔࠝڣყ९Δ ڇࣹრԺറࣹࡉލࠫ൳ࠫऱ।ՂᄎყࠋΔ᧩قؔࠝڇᖂছ࿇୶ၸΔࣹࠡრԺ ࡉ۩ऱ൳ࠫ౨Ժڶለ᧩ထऱګ९ΖחԳრ؆ऱਢΔᓢ೯ࠀڶᙟထڣᏺ९ۖ נ᙮Հ૾ऱൣݮΖءઔߒխࢬᘯᓢ೯ਢਐψڇඒᖄࢨᄅ࡛ΕլᒔࡳऱൣቼՀΔ ౨Ժװૠቤࡉލࠫ۰լᔞᅝऱ֘ᚨωΔਚઔߒृᎁ൳ࠫᓢ೯ऱ۩Δױ౨ᄎ ࠹ૻ࣍ؔࠝऱᎁवࢨߢ࿇୶Δڂۖ࠹ࠩၜᔡᛩቼࠨᖿऱದΔྤऄ٣ຘመփڇ ߢࢨ৸ە٦।נᔞࡵ۩Δਚ।נ൳ࠫᓢ೯ऱ۩ױ౨Ꮑٵழ۴ᙟؔࠝ ڇᎁवࡉߢՂऱګᑵΖ! ΰԲαؔࠝࢤܑፖൣፃᓳᆏհᣂএ ڕٵ٣ছઔߒΰEisenberg et al., 1995αΔءઔߒՈ࿇ߊՖڇլٵൣፃᓳᆏ ౨ԺՂڶࢬฆΔڼ࣠ฤٽءઔߒψߊՖڇࣹრԺറࣹΕᓢ೯Εवᤚඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫ։Ղᄎڶ᧩ထฆωऱຝ։ᎅऄΖEisenberg Գڇ९ཚઔߒխ ࿇ᖂছၸΔڇ׀ئࢬေ۩ᓳᆏऱ։ՂΔՖለߊ։Δ֠ࠡڇ CBQ հލࠫ൳ࠫ։ၦ।Ղऱ।Ζءઔߒٵᑌ࿇Ֆլႛڇލࠫ൳ࠫ।Ղለߊ ࠋΔڇवᤚඕტ৫ՂՈٵᑌለߊ।ړΖઔߒृᎁڼ࣠ױ౨ᢞኔߊՖڇ֚ سՂ༉ژڇฆΔԫֱ૿ױ౨ፖ৵֚ګԳኙՖऱཚৱࡉඒߛڶᣂΔࠏڕᄎለ ཚৱՖڜᙩ݄ړΔࢨഛ塄ࠡለา֨ऱᔆΖ ΰԿα׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ፖؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏԺհᣂএ 1.ൎᓳൣፃඒᖄী࢚ऱ׀ئΔ౨༼ࣙؔࠝऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժ ઔߒृቃཚڇൣፃඒᖄী࢚։ለऱ׀ئΔፖؔࠝڇࣹრԺറࣹΕवᤚ ඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫ։Ղڶ᧩ထإઌᣂΔۖፖؔࠝڇᓢ೯։Ղڶ᧩ထઌᣂΖ ءઔߒ࣠ႛຝ֭ٝڼઔߒΔ᧩قൣፃඒᖄী࢚։။ऱ׀ئΔࠡؔ ࠝڇࣹრԺറࣹΕवᤚඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫ౨Ժᄎڶ။ړऱ।Δ܀ψඒᖄীω৵ ൣፃ࢚ፖᓢ೯ڶઌᣂΖൕಱូ։࣫ऱ࣠࿇Δψඒᖄীω৵ൣፃ࢚ ਢቃྒྷؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժ່ऱڂైΔ֠ࠡڇࣹრԺറࣹΕवᤚඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ ൳ࠫऱ।ՂΔڼ࣠ᢞኔءઔߒψڇൣፃඒᖄী࢚։ለऱ׀ئΔኙ ࣹؔࠝრԺറࣹΕवᤚඕტ৫ፖލࠫ൳ࠫ౨ԺڶإٻᐙωΖ բڶԫࠄઔߒ᧩ق׀ئൎᓳψൣፃඒᖄীω৵࢚Δլႛፖؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ ౨Ժڶ᧩ထઌᣂΔٵழՈ౨ڶயቃྒྷࣹؔࠝრԺറࣹΕवᤚඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫ౨ Ժऱ࿇୶।ΰHooven et al., 1995; Gottman et al., 1996, 1997; ᘕ⋑ࣧΕᆺ٠ᔕΔ
ا 89αΖઔߒृᎁທګڼ࣠ऱױ౨ڂڶԲΔรԫΔڕٵ Hooven Գፖ Katz and Windecker-Nelson (2004) ڇઔߒխઃᢞኔ׀ئऱ৵ൣፃ࢚။ࠠڶඒᖄ ࢤΔױאඒᖄڕ۶ᤚኘהԳൣፃΕڕ۶ᓳᆏ۞ݺൣፃࡉڕ۶ᅮ۞աൣፃΔ ڶለإٻऱᘣյ೯Δࠌ।נለ֟ऱ֨ܺឫΔڇࣹრԺֱ૿Ոለႃ խΖױߠڶൣፃඒᖄী࢚ऱ׀ئΔᄎፖڶለڍյ೯ऱᖲᄎΔኙؔࠝऱൣ ፃ֘ᚨᄎղᣂࣹΕ൷࠹ፖ༇ૹΔ೯ࡉؔࠝಘᓵൣፃऱছڂ৵࣠Δඒᖄؔࠝᤚ ኘΕٵ۞ݺፖהԳൣፃΔشՑࡎټൣፃΔאી࣍ױൕ׀ئऱߪՂࢨ ׀ئኙൣፃऱ֘ᚨΕኪ৫ΔװڶயऱൣፃֱڤࢨฃΔਚڇ૿ᜯൣፃࠃ ٙழΔؔࠝለ౨ڶயٻൣፃΔۖլᄎᓢ೯۩ࠃΙԫֱ૿Ոᄎᔞழڜᐿ۞ ݺൣፃΔലࣹრԺႃխڇإٻࠃٙՂΔլᨃൣፃᥛեឫၞ۩խऱ۩ΖรԲΔ Wood, Bruner, and Rossΰ1976; ֧۞ Stansbury & Sigman, 2000αઔߒਐנᘣյ
೯ڕٵჸ৬ൣፃऱᨓਮΔ׀ئױ౨ᄎᏺൎࡳऱ۩Δಾኙڕ۶ᔞ ᅝऱ֘ᚨ༼ࠎऴ൷ऱՑඒᖄΔױߠൕᨓਮᖂᨠរࠐΔ׀ئਢؔࠝڇൣፃ ࿇୶Ղऱ֭ृፖඒᖄृΔᄎᖕؔࠝؾছऱ࿇୶णउΔᔞழൕյ೯խ༼ࣙࠡ౨ ԺΔࢨ֧ᖄؔࠝ৸ەΕᇞެംᠲΔࠌؔࠝڇൣፃ࿇୶ऱᣂཚ౨ࡳچ࿇୶נ ለࠋऱ౨ԺΖ! 2.ൎᓳൣፃլե௫ী࢚ऱ׀ئΔኙؔࠝٚԫൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժ݁ྤቃྒྷԺ ٣ছઔߒ࣠࿇Δൣፃլե௫ী࢚ྤऄቃྒྷٚԫൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժΰᘕ ⋑ࣧΕᆺ٠ᔕΔا 89αΔءઔߒ࣠ՈףאᢞኔΔ࿇ڇൣፃլե௫ী࢚։ ለऱ׀ئΔឈྥፖؔࠝऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺܧઌᣂΔ܀থڶขسٚ۶᧩ထऱ ᇞᤩԺΖઔߒृᎁທګڼ࣠ऱڂΔױ౨ፖ׀ئኙؔࠝൣፃऱॾ࢚ڶᣂΔ ൎᓳψൣፃլե௫ীω࢚ऱ׀ئᤚႉࠡ۞ྥਢඒᖄؔࠝൣፃऱ່ࠋֱڤΔ ᅝؔࠝנٻൣፃழൄආ࣋ٚΔۖլղե௫ࢨᗨᄕտԵΔڂڼڇ૿ኙؔࠝس ࠃٙழΔࠀྤࡳऱኪ৫ࢨ֘ᚨΔᖄીؔࠝڇፖ׀ئյ೯խᖂլࠩٚ۶ൣፃ ऱฃΖSpinrad Գΰ2004αٵᑌ༼֗ૉئᘣኙؔࠝൣፃऱ֘ᚨਢܧլ ᄎΔױ౨ᐙؔࠝ۞ݺᓳᆏݾ؏ऱ࿇୶Δڂؔࠝྤऄൕئᘣऱ֘ᚨխᖂࠩڕ ۶۞ݺᓳᆏΔא֗ൣፃऱฃΖ 3.ൎᓳൣፃཅೈী࢚ऱ׀ئΔፖؔࠝᓢ೯ܧإઌᣂ ءઔߒ࣠᧩قΔڇൣፃཅೈী࢚։ለऱ׀ئΔլႛፖᓢ೯ڶإઌᣂΔ ՈࠠڶإٻቃྒྷԺΔࠀᢞኔኙࣹؔࠝრԺറࣹࡉލࠫ൳ࠫڶٻᐙΖᘕ⋑ࣧΕ ᆺ٠ᔕΰا 89αٵᑌ࿇ڼᣊ৵ൣፃ࢚ऱ׀ئ౨ٻቃྒྷऱࣹრԺፂ ΖࠡהઔߒՈ࿇ᅝ׀ئא࢙ฃፖፆऱֱڤࠐڃᚨऱٻൣፃΔլ܀ᄎ ༼ٻൣፃऱൎ৫ΔՈլܓ࣍ऱषᄎ౨ԺΔֲ֠ࠡ৵ڇ૿ኙהԳ ٻൣፃழΔՈᄎආ࠷ٵᑌᖿ௺ऱൣፃ֘ᚨፖֱڤΔࠀլᄎڂᚨൣउװᓳᖞ ۞աऱൣፃ।ሒፖൎ৫ΰFabes et al., 2001αΖൎᓳψཅೈীωൣፃ࢚ऱ׀ئኙ ऱൣፃឈඕტ܀᧩ਗଵΔኙऱٻൣፃ᧩قנ܅൷࠹৫Δᎁൣፃऱ ขسਢڶሐΔီسൣፃኙؔࠝऱߪ֨ڶ୭ΔਚᄎאࣹრԺ᠏ฝࢨፆऱ ֱڤޣᕣݶಲᠦൣፃΔࠃ৵ՈլᄎፖಘᓵൣፃऱֱڤΖࢬאઔߒ ृංྒྷڼᣊ׀ئඒ塄ՀऱؔࠝΔ୲࣐ൣፃ৫ᖿ࿇Δথڂྤऄ࿇ਜ਼ࢨլवڕ۶ ይऱൣፃΔᖄીࣹრԺറࣹࡉލࠫ൳ࠫऱ।լࠋΔൄ۴ᙟᓢ೯ऱנΖ 4.ൎᓳൣፃ؈൳ী࢚ऱ׀ئΔᄎ྇ჾࣹؔࠝრԺറࣹࡉލࠫ൳ࠫऱ।
ᘕ⋑ࣧΕᆺ٠ᔕΰا 89αઔߒ࿇Δࠠڶ؈൳ী৵ൣፃ࢚ऱ׀ئΔኙ ऱࣹრԺፂڶٻቃྒྷԺΔڂױ౨ਢ׀ئኙٻൣፃऱլ൷࠹Δᖄી ࣹრԺႃխऱ।ለΔ୲࣐࠹ٻൣፃऱեឫۖ։֨Ζءઔߒ࣠Ո࿇ ڇൣፃ؈൳ী࢚։ለऱ׀ئΔᄎኙࣹؔࠝრԺറࣹࡉލࠫ൳ࠫऱ।ขس ٻᐙΖઔߒृൕषᄎᅃᨠរࠐංᓵΔױ౨ڼᣊ׀ئڇٻൣፃࠃٙխࢬ। נऱ۩ࢨ֘ᚨΔؔࠝᄎᅃᇠൣፃ।ֱڤࢨኪ৫Δᅝࠡ૿ᜯઌᣊۿൣፃࠃ ٙழΔঁᄎא׀ئऱ֘ᚨᑓڤࠐᓳᆏΕଥإ۞աऱൣፃ֘ᚨΔױቃཚ׀ئૉൄ। נൣፃ؈൳ऱणኪΔؔࠝঁױ౨ီ؈൳ࢤ।ൣፃऱֱڤΔ۟ݮګ۞ ݺൣፃऱԫᏝଖॾ࢚Δڼॾ࢚լ܀ᄎ୲࣐ᖿದ۞ݺൣፃΕנ؈൳ࢤ۩Δ ለྤऄᗨᄕإٻൣፃΔਚ೯ၞ۩ழለྤऄറ֨ΔՈڶய൳ࠫൣፃऱ ౨ԺΖ 5.ࠟ᧢ႈऱઌյᣂএ ጵٽۖᓵΔ׀ئႜٻլٵऱ৵ൣፃ࢚Δኙؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժऱቃྒྷࢤঁ լٵΔڼ࣠ፖᘕ⋑ࣧΕᆺ٠ᔕΰا 89αऱઔߒ࿇ઌٵΖ܀༉ઌᣂઔߒࢤᔆऱ ᨠរ৸ەΔױאᡖጊؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժٵᑌᄎທګ׀ئႜٻլٵऱ৵ൣፃ ࢚Δ༉ਢᎅؔࠝڇࣹრԺറࣹΕवᤚඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫՂڶለࠋऱ।Δױ౨ᄎ ᖄી׀ئႜٻ࣍ൣፃඒᖄী࢚Ι܀ڕ࣠ءߪ୲࣐ൣፃᖿದΔൄڶᓢ೯۩ נΔڇൣፃऱᅝՀܺᣄᙩՀ֨ፖګԳኙᇩΔڼጟյ೯ᑓڤีᗨڍڻ৵Δᅝ ԫנं೯ለՕऱٻൣፃΔ׀ئ༉ᄎ۞೯ඔ೯ൣፃཅೈߓอΔޣڜ ᙩΔՈլᇞᤩڼऄऱڂΖڕٵ Lagattuta and Wellmanΰ2002α༼֗ᅝ। נإٻൣፃழΔ׀ئለൄᓫᓵڶᣂൣፃऱᤜᠲΔ܀ᅝ।נٻൣፃழΔ ׀ئױ౨ڦ࣍ᅝՀऱणउΔڶᙄऄᙩՀ֨ፖಘᓵΔ᧩قऱൣፃፖ ᓳᆏֱڤٵᑌᄎኙ׀ئऱඒᖄࢤڶࢬᐙΔڂڼೈԱ৸ە׀ئᐙؔࠝऱൣፃᓳ ᆏΔՈ֘ٻ৸ەؔࠝऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժਢܡኙ׀ئൣፃऱኪ৫Εॾ࢚ڶࢬᓢ ᚰΖآࠐઔߒױאᆖط᜕ઔߒװԵᛵᇞڼࠟ᧢ႈऱઌյᣂএΖ
ԲΕᓵፖ৬ᤜ
ءઔߒ່ಥڇ࣍࿇Δᅝ࣍ᖂছၸΔ׀ئኙؔࠝൣፃࠃٙऱ ᣂࣹፖඒᖄΔᄎڇؔࠝൣፃ࿇୶Ղ୶լٵ࿓৫ऱய࣠Δױߠ׀ئᔞழऱտԵΔ ڇؔࠝൣፃ࿇୶ऱᖵ࿓խࠠڶಥࢤΖࠡᐙຜஉਢᆖط׀ئءߪኙൣፃࠃढऱ ԫᄗ࢚ࢨॾ࢚Δڇֲൄسյ೯խΔኙൣፃᓳᆏທګऴ൷ऱᐙΖઔߒޓၞԫޡᢞኔΔ׀ئڇլٵ৵ൣፃ࢚հႜٻΔᄎኙؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժขسլٵ ऱቃྒྷԺΖૉ׀ئൎᓳψඒᖄীωൣፃ࢚ᐛΔؔࠝڇࣹრԺറࣹΕवᤚඕტ ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫऱ।ለࠋΖૉ׀ئൎᓳψլե௫ীωൣፃ࢚ᐛΔឈྥኙؔࠝ ൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺڶࡳऱᐙԺΔ܀ፖٺൣፃᓳᆏ।݁ܧઌᣂΖ׀ئૉൎᓳ ψཅೈীωൣፃ࢚ᐛΔ౨ቃྒྷؔࠝڶለڍऱᓢ೯।ΔڇࣹრԺറࣹࡉލ ࠫ൳ࠫऱ।݁ለΖ׀ئૉൎᓳψ؈൳ীωൣፃ࢚ᐛΔࠡኙؔࠝڇࣹრԺ റࣹࡉލࠫ൳ࠫऱ।ڶٻऱᐙΖ ࠡڻΔءઔߒᎁൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺࠋृΔਢਐڇ૿ᜯൣፃᖿ࿇ऱԫຑۭᖵ࿓խΔ ଡ᧯ڶለڍऱփڇᇷᄭױאሎشΔ៶אᒷࡉΕፂࢨᓳᖞᅝՀऱൣፃणኪΔࠌ ଡ᧯ऱ۩լݙ٤طൣፃ֧ᖄΔۖਢ౨ᐘࢤሎشൣፃࢬղऱಛஒΔאሒ۞ݺؾ ᑑࢨ।נฤٽषᄎᒤऱൣፃ۩ΖࠏڕऱनࠠჿߨΔᆖൄᄎᖿದࠝ࿙ سऱൣፃΔڼழൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺለࠋऱؔࠝΔլႛᄎᎁᢝ۞աسऱൣፃΔᄎ אࠠᔞᚨࢤऱֱڤࠌشڼᇷಛΔץਔެࡳլࡉჿ۞աनࠠऱनΔࢨਢຘመ ګԳऱ࠰ܗᇞެംᠲΰຫ֮ੳΔا 94αΖءઔߒ࣠࿇ؔࠝऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժ ژڇࢤܑฆΔՖڇवᤚඕტ৫ࡉލࠫ൳ࠫՂለߊ।ࠋΔڼ᧩قڇؔࠝൣ ፃ࿇୶ՂΔՖᖑڶለڍऱփڇᇷᄭࠐڂᚨ۞ݺൣፃऱᖿದΔઌኙ࣍ߊڇ૿ᜯ ۞ݺൣፃᖿದழΔױ౨ڂփڇᇷᄭऱΔ᧩ܺᣄװᓳᆏൣፃΔਚᏁຘመ׀ئ ၞԫޡऱقᒤΔא࠰ܗߊឩՕ۞ݺփڇऱൣፃ౨ԺࢨᇷᄭΖ ءઔߒڇਬࠄֱ૿ژڇૻࠫΔଈ٣Δ༉ψઔߒᑌءωۖߢΔႛאতؑֆߏ مؔᆇႼՕఄऱؔࠝઔߒኙွΔਚءઔߒ࣠ፖංᓵᏁ᠃შΔྤऄංᓵࠩ ࠡהᗼؑऱቸ᧯ΖࠡڻΔ༉ψઔߒ᧢ႈωۖߢΔؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժ࠹ࠩฒڍڂై ᐙΔץܶᔆΕᘣᣂএΕ׀ئऱඒ塄ֱڤΔءઔߒႛ൶ಘ׀ئ৵ൣፃ ࢚ኙؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺऱᐙΔຍࢨՈਢڇءઔߒ࣠խΔ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ ኙؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺऱᇞᤩၦڶࢬওૻऱڂΖ٦ृΔ༉ψઔߒֱऄωۖߢΔء ઔߒႛආၦ֏อૠ։ֱ࣫ऄΔࢬ࣠ႛ౨ൕം࠴ࠐऱᇷற։࣫Δڂۖທګ ءઔߒڇ։࣫ංᓵՂऱૻࠫΖ༉ψྒྷၦՠࠠωۖߢΔ৵ൣፃ࢚ၦ।ಾኙ ؔࠝ।ሒسൣፃழΔ׀ئࢬආ࠷ऱ֘ᚨᑓڤΔਚႛᛵᇞؔࠝسൣፃհൣݮΔ ࢙ฃൣፃऱࠡה૿ٻΔڕؔࠝᣄመழΔ׀ئࢬආ࠷ऱ֘ᚨᑓڤΖڇൣፃᓳᆏྒྷၦ ຝ։ٵᑌڶࢬૻࠫΔൣፃᓳᆏီ೯ኪऱ࿇୶ᖵ࿓Δᖵ࿓խ௫ࠩسದΕ ࣹრᖵ࿓Εᎁवေ۷Ε۩֘ᚨ૿ٻऱሎ܂Δءઔߒႛᛵᇞؔࠝڇ۩ᐋ૿ऱ ᓳᆏΔኙࠡהᐋ૿ऱᓳᆏঞྤऄवΖ
ኙ৵ᥛઔߒऱ৬ᤜڶΔรԫΔ٣ছઔߒ Eisenberg Գΰ2004αਐנᖂছؔ ࠝءߪኙࣹრԺࡉ۩ऱ൳ࠫ౨ԺΔױቃྒྷֲ৵ऱسᔞᚨԺࡉ༚ԺΖઔ ߒृᎁ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚Εؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժፖֲ৵سᔞᚨԿृၴऱᣂএΔ ଖآࠐၞԫޡऱಳ᠋ઔߒΖรԲΔEisenbergΰ1996αڇ Gottman Գΰ1996α ऱઔߒխ࿇Δ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ᐙؔࠝ࣠ऱᖵ࿓խΔ׀ئඒ塄۩ီ խտ᧢ႈΖױߠ׀ئ৵ൣፃ࢚ױ౨٣ᐙࠡඒ塄۩Δ٦ຘመլٵऱඒ塄۩ ኙؔࠝൣፃ౨ԺທګᐙΔڼঞᏁ৵ᥛઔߒऱ᧭ᢞΖ؆ΔኔᎾڇᘣյ ೯խΔ৵ൣፃ࢚ਢܡᄎऴ൷ᆵኔ۩ᐋ૿ᐙؔࠝΔᝫਢ৵࢚ፖඒ塄۩ ࠀլԫીΔຍՈਢଖ൶ಘऱᤜᠲΖรԿΔءઔߒ࿇׀ئൎᓳψඒᖄীωऱ ৵ൣፃ࢚Δኙؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺڶإٻᐙΔ܀ڼ৵ൣፃ࢚ᄎຘመ۶ጟ ᖲࠫΕຜஉװᐙؔࠝΔڕຘመᘣኙൣፃऱಘᓵΔઃᏁآࠐઔߒޓԵऱ ൶ಘΖ
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ۂ֮სΰا 88αΖൣፃᓳᖞऱ࿇୶૩ᇾፖᑓڤ৬ዌհઔߒΖഏمஃᒤՕᖂඒߛ֨ ፖ᎖ᖄઔߒࢬ໑Փᓵ֮ΔآנठΔקؑΖ ޕपᏚ)ا 92*Ζഏ՛ڣ్ᖂ࿙ᔆΕᘣᣂএፖࠡൣፃᓳᖞհઔߒΖഏمቯᆠՕᖂඒ ߛᖂೃ୮அඒߛઔߒࢬጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΔቯᆠؑΖ ܨፇΕ്Ꮥܷΰا 94 ڣ 10 ִαΖؔࠝऱൣፃࢤΕൣፃᓳᆏΕፖࠡٵᕦյ೯հᣂএΖ࿇ ୶֨ᖂΖรԼࡻ֨ᖂڣᄎᕻᓵ֮ΔႼխᡑΚխՕᖂΖ ࣥ৯ܩΰا 92αΖᅃृऱൣፃཕԺΕؔࠝൣፃᓳᆏ౨Ժ֗ࠡԳᎾᣂএհ൶ಘΖഏم קᥨᖂೃ᚛ؔࠝঅߛઔߒࢬጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΔקؑΖ ࣥਟᐝΰا 88αΖؔࠝڇؔࠝႼխൣፃᓳᆏհઔߒΖߏمխഏ֮֏Օᖂࠝ࿙壂ܓઔߒࢬ ጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΔקؑΖ ຫ֮ੳΰا 94αΖᓫ᚛ؔࠝऱൣፃᓳᆏΖഏඒધΔ216Δ15-24Ζ ᆺ٠ᔕΰا 91αΖ׀ئऱ৵ൣፃ࢚ᣊী֗ྒྷၦΖሉ࣍ᣝΕֵਪΕᆺ٠ᔕΰ ᒳαΔൣტΕൣፃፖ֮֏ΰ 267-297αΖקΚխ؇ઔߒೃاගᖂઔߒࢬΖ ᆺ٠ᔕΕᔤࣲࠕΕᄘةᅗΰا 94αΖئᘣऱ৵ൣፃ࢚ኙഏ՛ՖࠉॵႜٻऱᐙΖ խဎ֨ᖂעΔ47ΰ2αΔ181-195Ζᇀߐભΰا 91αΖൣፃᓳᆏฃၦ।հ࿇୶Κॣ൶ᐙൣፃᓳᆏᖵ࿓հڂైΖഏمႂ ᠔ᖂՕᖂ۩ઝᖂઔߒࢬጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΔႂؑΖ ᘕ⋑ࣧΕᆺ٠ᔕΰا 89 ڣ 12 ִαΖ׀ئऱ৵ൣፃ࢚ᣊীፖऱൣፃᓳᆏ౨ԺΖᄘ ഏᑐΔ୮அඒ֏Ζ୮Գᣂএ֗ࠡ֨ᖵ࿓ΚรնࡻဎԳ֨ፖ۩ઝᎾᖂઔಘᄎΔ խ؇ઔߒೃاගᖂઔߒࢬΕՕᖂ֨ᖂߓዄઔߒࢬ֗ဎԳءՒ֨ᖂઔߒಳޣ࠱ ။ૠΔקΚতཽΖ ᘕᅗੳΰا 91αΖഏ՛ᖂ࿙ൣፃᓳᖞ֗ઌᣂڂైհઔߒΖഏمৠࣟஃᒤᖂೃඒߛ֨ፖ ᎖ᖄᖂߓጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΔৠࣟؑΖ
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The Influence of Parental Meta-emotion
Philosophy on Children’s Emotion Regulation
Ya-Lin Chiang
*, Tsus-ha Lue
**ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between parental meta-emotion philosophy and children’s emotion regulation competence. 475 subjects of 50- to 80-month-old children were recruited from kindergarten in Tainan. Parents filled out Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy Questionnaire and rated children’s emotion regulation with Children’s Behavior Questionnaire.
The major finding of this study was that parental meta-emotion philosophy
was associated with children’s emotion regulation competence, and different
parental meta-emotion philosophy predicted different dimensions of children’s
emotion regulation. In particular, for those parents who emphasized the
philosophy of emotion-coaching, their children had higher scores on attention
focusing, perceptual sensitivity and inhibitory control. In addition, older
children performed higher scores than young children on attention focusing and
inhibitory control. Children’s emotion regulation showed differences between
genders. Girls performed higher scores than boys on perceptual sensitivity and
inhibitory control.
Key wordΚmeta-emotion philosophy, emotion regulation, young children
* Graduate Student, Department of Early Childhood National University of Tainan ** Associate Professor, Department of Early Childhood National University of Tainan
