低地位團體的向上流動──動機性自我的分析

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(17) {~lli~~A~~L~~--~tt~~~~m~'. ~*,. *mu. wr~oofjt. ilG~~~~OOfflG~,m.~~m~w*. Banaji, D. & Prentice, D. (1994) The self. ' ::f~3t1t ' tzD : ~n '±'~WOOA'±'. ; ::f~~Af.&mz~ 'tzD :. in social contexts. Annual Review. OOA~.W.m@#,tt~mz~woo~. Brewer, M. B. (1979) Ingroup bias in the. mz~fflG~~.'~~.-OOAw~rtt. minimal intergroup situation: A. ~~~~~JwrOOA~~~~J~m. cognitive-motivational. ~~J3to**m~~~••~::f~~.. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307-324.. m~l¥J*5*g7G. 1ik~7~@ ~'8IZ§*,. ~Ul!mW" ~fjt~?l7l¥J. m:f1i. ' tzD : :7(1::M. g1J~~. ::"*~~ ~?l7 J ' r &t3 iOOA@fjt. ~J3t. 'WH, @ilG~. !!l ilG JI)( rtu. 111. l. I. :e ' r ifrf. f. ~. 0. lJ. ~@. 0. 0. fflG~~.*±1t~~. ~~~r:p7S. '. ~~i-'±'Ii. :. 0. -El'~C. :~. identification. and. permeability of group boundaries.. European. Joumal. of. Social. Psychology, 18.497-513. Ellemers, N., van Knippenberg, A, &. 0. m±~mz~fflG. WIlke, R (1990) The influence of. ~1tJ.woo~mz~fflG~mtJ.:~. permeability of group boundaries. ~~fJTw• •m~o&/J:;e/iJfJf/J'ft. and stability of group status .on. .te• •iJfJfPliJlfU ' 64 ' 51-98. strategies of individual mobility. 0. 0. Albert, S. (1977) . Temporal comparison. J l¥J. g~. Social Psychology, 58, 60-67.. 0. Vries, N. K & WIlke, H. (1988). *3i:fI3W~I8!fHII (1987). t. ~rtufflGit. bias. Joumal of Personality and. &/J1iI.J... . &/J1iI4)-:A/8/f!1iilt. J. roo. (1991). I~'. *"*~. ~f3t. , tzD : lio/1f~WI~. ' ~-?l7~t-J~1:nm~~m. *3i:f13. 0. {i£:tfg{ft l!Il. f?(,i$C'1 r:lJ. Collective self-esteem and ingroup. Social. : r @ilG~. ~=ns. ; EI. ~.mJ}~. ~~.13. '.~*5*. J3tl¥JOO5JU EJfflGitmtJ ib:l!Jl¥J. Crocker, J., & Luhtanen, R. (1990). Ellemers, N., van Knippenberg, A, de. Hft~mfflG. ;WIZ§*. analysis.. (ascribed) W. (achieved). ~~~~::f~~~. ofPsychology, 45,297-332.. theory. Psychological Review, 84, 485-503.. ofSocial Psychology, 29, 233-246. Festinger, L (1954) A theory of social. Bachman, J. G., & O'Mallay, P. M. (1986) Self-concept,. and social change. British Joumal. self-esteem,. and. educational experiences: The frog. comparison. process.. Human. Relations, 7,117-140. Helgeson, V. S. & Mickelson, K D. (1995). pond revisited (again). Journal of. Motives for social comparison.. Personality and Social Psychology,. Personality and Social Psychology. 50,35-46.. BuUetin, 21,1200-1209..

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(20) i\". Upward M obility of Lower Status Group Members: Analysis from Self-Motivation Perspectives Maan-Ling Chang Jeaw-Mei Chen. Department of Psychology. National Chengchi University. -, ti±i tl-t ~~~. jIJ-w.~. Abstract. £.£. This study investigated upward mobility of lower status group members from self. #~1:. motivation perspectives. In Taiwan's higher education system, private universities are more disadvantageous than public universities in both social reputation and educational resources. In study I, "social-identity enhancement", "personal-identity enhancement",. and. "self-improvement". probabilities. were. ,t!~~. experimentally. manipulated in this context. It was found that richer educational resources, which. ~$ii!. increased self-improvement probability, was the most influential factor on decisions to transfer from private to public universities. In study II, 98 students who had just. #l!itn. transferred from private to public universities were sUlveyed. There were individual differences in valuing the above three factors. Students with high social-oriented achievement-motivation. valued. social-identity. enhancement,. ~;fiij.. personal-identity. enhancement, and self-improvement probability more than the students with low. Ft-A-~. social-oriented-achievement-motivation. Students with high individual-oriented achievement-motivation valued personal-identity enhancement less than those who had low individual-oriented-achievement-motivation. Key Words: social-identity enhancement, personal-identity enhancement, self. improvement, upward mobility i. ~1t.1~. ~*~.

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