• 沒有找到結果。

臺灣政治民主化之鞏固:前景與隱憂

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "臺灣政治民主化之鞏固:前景與隱憂"

Copied!
31
0
0

加載中.... (立即查看全文)

全文

(1)e•• M~~~z.m: •••••. WI. ftlt~~~±1tz.oo:. fr_.~§*. ~. ~. ~. A-**. ...\..L­. .E " ~IJ. c::::J. ~m-~m~*.~*~~~li+~·~.~.~~~R~~ ~~~. ••. B~.-~~~. lfHIm/J\fti3I®~~~lJtJJ. •• ,•• ••• ~,. &.m~~.~. ' ~:tE*fi~J1!®-JltM1l:~.~~*. 0. •• ~:tE*~~.~~~~~~~m~~.:~~S* m~~_Z.~'fl~Z~~rn~(ft~~~~rn~Z~~~~) , ~~fl~Z~~~_&A~~M~x~~~~~~~ •• ~ttZ~ .~(Ho.1978; Winckle and Greenhalgh. 1988) ?&ffil ' IE?& ~.:tE *~M1l:$. 0. •• L~~*~~.~'~E~~ •• ~$~~~~~~~~ ~ •• '~~~~~~~.(~~.~.~.)IE~~ •• ~.~ ~~'~:tE~~L.ft- •••• ~,~ •• ~g~~.~~.­ ~~. ~. ~. ~~·H.~.~~*.~~. ••. ~E.~Z~~'~E~~. •• ~~~.~~ •• ±Mzr~.~li*~~.~J.~~M.·. A+li.-n+~a·$~ •• *.~~~R •• ~tt~~®.&~ • • • M ~~~~.·~*x~~.ft~~.~~·~~z.$m~.~ •• ff· *x~. ··~.~A~~*.~$~R~~~~R.D.

(2) ~. •• W~ft •• M~~_••• w~~~nQ •• ~.~SMI. ~$~~~.~~~$¥~nO~*O~~~E.M·m~~$m .~. ••$m••• d~~.&~E.·&Wd.~~ •• &.~. ~.~~.M~.*. •• ~~~M~¥mQ. •• ~~ •• ~ •••• ~d ••• ~.M~~.tt·~~m •••• ~.M.M.&~ ••ttW•• ~~ •• ~~M~W~~Q. ... ~*.~~~~k·~ftM~.~.~Z.~ ~~. •••M•• ~.m~.~. ••~.~.·~.. ~d~~.-~~~*~~A. ~.*~.M.~·~~.S~O~~~~~*·~.*~~B~. .. &.~~~~.~. •. ... ~m.r~ff-~~Z. •• ~~W ••• ~.*·~.~tt.~ d •• ~~~£~~~~~ •• M·.M. ~~~ ••• ~W •• ~~~M~.m*.~~QW.k~.*~. ~~~k.e. ••• Z*~~ ••••• ~·~~.~ •• &••. • W-~+A~M.~*~•• ~ma**~M~M.·~~.~ ••&•• W~M~~~~.~~.~ •• M~~~.QQ ~~·~~®S~O~~WM~ftm~W~~~.~m~~~ J:jt~ £ ~¥Illlt!!.~ nt'!:J:jt(snowba1ling)~mf1j • • ~ • • ~.J.t. &~~ • • ~.~~ • •ili~ • • • $ • • ~~±W.W~*·.. eMnMMmM@g• • ftMWm§~ • • ~wr:r. ;Nft.~mti••. , 11 WAaL;f].J£;gJl!lttIU'~#MJt«ift •:l!-lIMjI*". ~~~.~~~~L·.~+~~~. ....... •••• ~mw.~.~~. ~.~~ • • • • • Q~ • • $~~~~d,~~~~~,~~m. .~~®·.~. Ma~~*$tt·m~~. •• Mk~.

(3) ft• • M~~~Z.~:ft ••• ~ ~'tl!tE €t.~r€I". 81)I;:51Jft.. ~. Jii!agjAfi q:tA:ff;flJ'I'I~agJtH'(Ting, 1991, pp.80­. El-t::;O~ftlJJJ~ ·1l~.~JMtE€t.ag~1fUtfr€llJJJ~il. .. ~mm~Nti~nti~ff~. lIifitjag~IJJJ~~~(Gold, 1986, p.3). Wtt:1t'tk~JJt-RagNti~nl! M.~·~Il~+~~q:t~$~ag. .~€t.ag~r€I"Jii!,.@~*.~agl!~-~W.agll~.ag. •. •• ~ •• ~~ •• ~Z.~tt'-~W*.~~r€lNtim~~~. II ~ r€I ~:¥ l! ~ ag.ll JHI~ IL'. 0. •••• ~.ag~.~£~*.q:t,Il~ ••• tEAO~ft~ ~~~~.~~~~m'ffi~~~€t.ag~r€I~~B:ff;flJ'I'*ag. 1!'~r€I~£~BJJt~€t.~r€I"Jii!ag£~.M,~£.~ag~fi. •• ~*~JJt'Il~.~.~r€lagtt~B:ff7I~ag~I!°M.~ ~ft.~£.~agl;:51~tE*~~B:ff~~ag.~,~~.@~~,. *~LB~ti~~Il~.~.~r€lag.~~~JJtft.~£.~ag* M.~:ffmag~~·wn*~£~agIJJJJii!,tEAO~ftagft.Bil ~y;E(.iJ ~. £.m1(democratic consolidation)ag III Eit ' lIlti.*HtIl ~. .~.~r€I.~~@ag~~W. ,~£.~ag~~~*MtE~£.. ~ag1tAA~m~.~ag~Mo. •• ~£.m1~g.ooff~r€I.~­. --~. •• ifitj---ag1W.mBI~ , ffi~lJ~1t~1W.ag~:ffI;:51.~=f~~.. :ff••• ~agJJt~'~.'~£.~~$.m(.iJ~.JJt~£.~, ~~~ag~~~*~fr.~£~.~~.~.Z~agl!~'l!m~. ag~'~.~-~RB.~~£.m1aglllEit·~.~~~m~£~ R(~.~~.~R. ••-.)m:ff•• agm~oI;:51Jft,*~Z§. ~~tEI~*~:ffHIl~.~.~R1W.agl;:51.'W~ •• *M~.

(4) -"~.:i::itJl• • ~. 8~=~~~*~~*·~~~~~~~.~~~W.·~~ .~~~.@~_#·~~~$.~~$~£~~.~~~~M.·. @~m~.~~~.m~~~~~~~~~~~~~·~~~~~ *~~~~~~.o*RW~·~~~~.~~~~n~~~~W. · £J!IlJ?t .*:m:~f1/f---*±1it~~~IHt~~~iI!i~'P.~1Ul1W _~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~W.~mM£J!~~.~o ~1it~~~~~~~~ffi~f1/f~~~~1it~~,~1itm~~~ (~'Pa~.,%~~1it~ ~. ~lMlJltt. 0. •• ). ,~~~~~.~IW~~~.~. .1it;@tM.IW~.ttflLipset~-JL1L1L"f:~. £~~~-@~1itJ!{4: J. r~. (Lipset, 1959, pp.69-105) · ~i1Ul~.'P. ~~~m.~~~~~~n~~M~f1/f~~~~£~~zIWM~· ~~lli-'OOi3I • • i£M.~¥.~1fIrm r~f1/f~~~J!t*itfj~~~ *~. •• ~£.~J. .~L~~~~Z.~~$.~. •• ~-£.. ~m£~~~~~n~~~~~$~~'W~@~~m*~L~~ Lipset~£~(Cutright,. 1985). 0. ~5'~. 1963; Bollen, 1983; Bollen and Jackman,. • m~.~ E'J ~1it~~~iI~.~1j]A • j'lL"~£~~. ~ •• ~.~·~J!~-~~~*~~.~~~~~~~~~'Pa ~.A~£.~~~~;m~.~£~-M~~~~~.Mm~~. ~~~~~~8£ttlW%~~1it~~~~~£~~IW~~o~~M.

(5) ~.~~~~~z.m:~.~. ... W5. ~_.~*.~~*Z*·.M~~~tt.$~ •• ~ •• ~£. ,.,J' t'. fJitacJilfF;(f1Rftu~lJ.tt. •. · J31f.~. r 0~~~J (civicculture);(flltJ. '~~£.M.~~~~·B~~.M~.MVM*~J3IfIJ~~ti~o a~~~~.~~*ti~£~. ••Z•• ttZ*·~~.M •. • ~ •• M~~~OO~~~K~·~~O~~~~T~~m~~£ ~~M~~~~~~*~.mo*~-~~W~·~~~-Mm~. acJ~.~*.~*~mw~~~~~·~£~~~.IJ •• ~~~. ~~ •• M~~~~~~M.~ZOO~K~.*·~~K~£.* ~. I!!I • • M~~~ : a~.~11 ~ ~i&1ti~(reformers)~ 1*~~. (conservatives)It{lJ.&ti~*~lN!~~(moderates)~lti~~(radicals). Z~~~~~.·~@K~~~V~~.M~~~ffi~~~£~Z n~. •. •• ~o;(f@*~~.~;(f~ ••B~~~~£~~W~· •. ~~M~M~~1ti~.~~~~~~·ffi~&ti~*~~lN!~~. ~~. ••• T~~&~~M~MZ*·$~*e~~~~ffi •• ~. ~~~~·~~~~I!!I • • M~~~Z~~&;(f~.~~~,;(f~. ~1ti~*~~~~~.w.~~~~·. ~~~~m~~. •• ~~.~~.~~mm,. •• ~£~z.*om;(f*~£~·~~~*Z.. M~~~Z~il~.M. ••(pacts).. ti**.M.$IJ~IW.i-'\;.JlJL.. n.i-'\; · >j(;ft-~~~~~iiJtmJ{U • 1t{!l.~~~~~K~(O'Donnell and Schmitter, 1986 , p. 19; Przeworski, 1992, p.l08) 0. .~~~.~~;(f~p.~.m·@~~M~n~~~;(f~P ~.m. 0. Huntington (1968)milii!U~VM.*~it*# • • ~~:l!. ~~.M~~J3If~~M.~~~·~~VMM~~.M~~.offi.

(6) O'Donnell (1973)]!I;11kT ~tI+Ill ~~!if ~~f?tJ~1i1f1Em t:f:l ' ~~ !if~~.*~M.~$~~.M'~&~'W ••••• ~.~o ~~*~mt:f:l'I;1~~!if~~~*1i1f1E~~~~H~'~~~~~. =. ~. IDl ~ ~ Htt jlHllt!! ~ raJ fliI. iU ~(Rostow, 1970) IPJ ft ~ , * 0. ~~mt:f:lI;1.Mx~~.~*~~~!if~,~~~¥~lt!!~~~.. ~mAX~~.~'¥.L'.~X~~~~.~zlDl~H. •••. •• ~~.M~!if~'W~~. ~~m~~~~~ ••• Mx~~~~'.Mx~~ •• M!if~~ -~ fliI.~.-~M. ' lIlfijmlt!!Ii!~::f1PJ W~(Diamond, 1992, p. 4n)oflil~' •• *~WIPJ.tt.~~~x~!if~.~~.M~. -~~raJ~H~'~.Mx~~~. *~. •• ' mit!.l!tiflil.::f.mA~~.~~*~.f~{preconditions). (Karl, 1990, p. 5). 0. ~~'~~@*raJ~1i1f1E~~W~'*~~Z.~~~~1i1f1E ~~~~.M~@~,~~~~.~~-tt.~~~~~~.~~. .~~~'~~.M.~~~~~~@~~~~~.t:f:l*·::fWR. ••• M.~e~~o~. L*.'~~~M.M~@~1i1f1E~~~~-tt ••~~1i1f1EA~ ~.ttom.'~-~~W~~~~ •• M.~~ •• U~~h~ .-~.~~.~~·IPJ.&.-~~. ~.'~.~~~.M.~~~~. ... ~oo~.~m~~. ••. 'b. .¥~lt!!~~~~~M.mA.M.~~.~~~~~M.'~~ .~~~A.~IHlM1I:lI1J~M.(Chu,. 1992, pp. 36-37). 0. ~~L~ZM~,~I;1~~~.mff~¥-~~*7m~~~. ~~.~. •• ~~'bR.*.~-tt.!if~~~~*~.e.~.

(7) 8 •• M~£~Z~~:ft•••§. 200. t~~~~'~~~~~R~-~W~~'OO~~Tm;~.~, ~R~~~~~~~.~~~~~~·~~~~T~~e.~~~,. tt.~nmti~~~~~m*~w;.~'~~~-li.~~.~ l.~~Z*~e.~~~'$~~~m*~mw~~w,~~~ ~~Tm~~~li.~Te.~~~~~h_mho~A-M~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~$~~li.~~~~.,£~m~~~ ~~~~~~.o. •••• ~-AAO.~~M~ •• ~~.~~~,~~ •• I§Jj~Ifl1itJtt:li!!li:~. •• ~--.JI--~GobachevllHrM~~_. '. fl~~M:li!!~~~~.~mft,~~~Jtt-:li!!li:~m~~ ~~~~iii&(Nikasson,. 1994,P.216). 0. •• ~~. ~~ • • • t±lIJ~~.~T. .~~.~~~~~$.Z*'~~®~~~~M~~Ifl*~.h IYfH~ile~. • j(llil}ft~h~:iEL~H~~~Jff~~ ~~~ ,. ~~IJ~(fledglingdemocracies). ift Jff ~ 1£. 11_B. ~ (Whitehead,. ~5i:*~J1J. , ~&tifEfPJ&~~.h1lI!~~ 1986, p. 44) ,. =IX fi&.. ~. El :;$: ~ ~. ~.~$~~~~~.~M~o~Jtt'~M~e.~~~~~B® ,~~ft~®M~.S~.~~m,~~tie.~~~~.~,. ~~~£~m~Tm,n~~-~~M~mM~.~~~~m~~ ~W~m~Ziio. ="'~~.1iI. •• ~~$M~~.M~~~~~~~~.m~M.'ffi~ti. &t ~ ~ ~~ • • ~ ~ -. ~ ~~ft~AJtU(democratic regime)~ Jlj'[. qB•• ~.mo§ftti1it~~~.M~~~M~:~.ftfE ••.

(8) ~.~~m~.~~~~M~$~*~WOO~§~~.~~~~~. ---. ~~-. ~~~.~.~~~W~~~~~(~~)~~~liAtt'B ~~~$M~~~~~~~~~~om@~~~~~.tLM~. ... ~~~~$.'Wfi~~~W._.~¥®OO~LB~~~~~~' .~H~~~.~._.A.~~~~LI.~. mw~.~.. ~.~~.~tt~~~~~~.~.~m.'~~~~~M~$~ *~. I. ~~;r~.~J9T11!l~~~~~.. .*m._.~®.(Huntington,. 1991). 0. I. El~I;AWli~itt!tt~. m@~~tint-.m~. ••. ~~*~~~'ffl~~~ •• ~~m.z~. ~~m*~~ttm~. ~±.~~~~W~ti~~~°tint-~~.oo*nt-~.~±~~~. ~~~.~W~'~R~ •• ~~I~R~~~~M~W ~I~~ • • ~(Q.m~~~.~)~~.M~~. '.. ••• ~ez. ~~~-M~~,~~~~~.~,m~I~~~~±~~.~§. ~'~-~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~~'~~.~J9Tli~. ± ~~ r~. =... ~. •.. J. Valenzuela, 1992, p.19) ~~. (second transition, Mainwaring, O'Donnell and 0. ~L.~WJ9T.~~-_.~.~=_.~~~~'. ~~nt-~~L~*I{I~ .~~'~&~'~~. _*z-. 0. lf~.)E'11:. 0. ~A~±_.~~~~~~~-*1i~~. •• ~~~R~~~_.~~~~$~~~. .1fL • ~~_.~~~ • :f!Q~PrzeworskiJ9T • ~~~~IDI~. .)ttl. ~_.~~.~~~!lZ\?&~~lIJnt-~~. ~~~~±_.o~.~~~.Z-,~~itt!tt~.~.IDIff~. •• ~~~§~~m~'W~A~~~*~%. §~'~~~OO~.

(9) e•• M~~~Z.~:~~~ •• w N~~~~.,m~~~~~~~~~.~'~.ff. ... maili*~e~~d*, ~~. •••• ~m. .... •• ~.~ •• ~~~ •• mM~'.d. ~~.~o~.~~~~~~~~.~.~. mM~. a*~~~~~~,~~~~~~,~~m~m~~~.~m~~. ~L-:~m~~$W~~~.~*~ft.~$~~.~.~~. ~~~.A~~m,.*~~~. •• m.~~.~~.~~m,~. &~,~~*~~.~.m~*~~.~~~a.~&m~m*, m~.d~~~~~m~.~~m~~*~m~~.'~~A~~ ~~~fftfmti~~~7€t. r ~~W~J (disenchantment)-. '. .A~. .~~~~7€t~~mm~om~mm-nm~~~~A±~m~~. ~.~~~~~*~~~,-nm£~.ili~~_~~~*.~B ~~ • • • • • ,~~~~£ • • ,W~*~. •••• ~~~ ••. LI'/ij~~~o. ~~L,~. •••• m.~'~~•••$e •• d.~A'. ~.~ild.~~£.ftilJLmr. '. {ffiiJ~~~~ (~~!Jl'~~~ • • ) ~. ... A~~.W~~ili~o~~£_~~=~m~m~:e~~~~~. ~~.~w~,#~~~~~.~~~~~-.~~~~. ~.. (liberalized authoritarianism or dictrablanc1a) : • • • ftilJ ~ a.:tf ~. •• ~~T~A~ •• £$~~~~~*£$~.~~~~,m. ru~~~~ • • ~.·~~7€t:tf~~.~~~A~~~*~ • • tt iI.~ftilUt; ~:tfJlt.t!~~-.~I!ll~~~(Iimited. democracy. ordemocradura) : • • ~.~7€t • • ~ii.l;~JOJ B~ftilJ~~ • tHlti. .!it ~ ~ A. ~. • • ru. *. ~. * ~ • ~J. ~. I!ll ftilJ (O'Donnell. and.

(10) Schmitter,1986, p.9; Oi Palma, 1990, pp. 154-155; Meaney, 1992, pp.97-98;Schmitter, 1994, pp. 59-60). 0. ~@/F~B9~~t.il.1;Ifi7Rili. ~~.~~*B9$~tt,~~m¥~B9~.-~~=*~*~~*o ~~'fl~~~.~~~LB9~-~~B~~~~«.~B9~. fi~~'~~-M.~Ld.#~.B9*~~'*~*~~.~B9 ~~W~*o~~~.~B9~~OO§'¥~#~~*~ • • ~B9~. 7€:1 00 {-t Z. ~~~. J5( Wf (democratic government)*. ~;g ~. Htr AA. ~ B9 t.:ti. *~.AA.~B9~~'@~'fl~.AA~~.~~*B9~~M.~ ~~(Share,. .~. 1987, p.528) 0 OOfl lIt-Bm! '. tt.%~rR'. B9 ~fiiJm ~~. ? ~~.~«*JlL~~~¥m~~J5(Wf.$fJLB9:tt~ , !Rl~ r.. ~J-~~#.*~:tt~W~~Z*~'@~~~B9~~~~.~ .*~J5(7€:I.~~.hB9li~~*'OOW~~J5(7€:I • • g~Ho~ .~B9~'~~.~~fl/F~W~/F~B9~O'~~/Fm • •-@. • • • ~/F.~B9~.W~.ili • • ~. '~~M~mdJ5(7€:I.~B9.. , liInlt~~J5(WfB9~~M:.3~:JVH.(Linz, 1978). 0. ~lIt. '. ~~.~Z. ~./F«~~~B9.~/F~'OO~«~~z~~AJ5(7€:IIT~~(~. *.~~-.A~)ITA*~~m~B9.~'.§Z'~~.~~ ~. ~. B9 /F R ~ ~ ~J5(Wf B9.~ , ~:fl-~ ~ ~J5(7€:I. Jl.U(regimes). B91ifa '. ~-~.Jl.U. '. /FMfU~iE~d~~iE~. , m~~~J5(7€:IIT~~. Z~B9li~,J5(7€:[email protected]~A~ITA.~B9. m~'~~~~.~~~B9~.n~~~-~~~:fl~m~B9~~. • JlIJ(O'OonneU, 1992, p.18). 0. ~~~~~~.~~~fiiJ.J5(7€:IIT~~~1ifa?d~.~fiiJ*.

(11) 3' lit ~r€H~ ±:ftZ.1OO : ~. ~. mr:JJIi~III.. 211. ± _IGI a<J ~ ~ ?Przeworski (1991)~1.4 ~ ± _1GI1t JH~#tE. *~~~rr~~.M~~±~~~~M~~~a<J~-nA·ffW~ m~~~±a<J¥~*:llnltjt§ a<Ja<Jrr~1Y1Hlffm¥t]!::ka<Jm~. 0. --. LinzJ~. II ~ ttl-1I B~.IGI a<J ~ ± ~ f€:lli:onsolidated democracy) ~\ ~ 1f r. ------. 111.=:11.$1 : (l)tErrl\\k · i2:1f{fWrr~~~IIi1Jii!-@~~~±a<J AJlIJ*:llnltjt § a<J ; (2)tE~~k · U-ft k~::k~f(~r nltJU§ffi · I!P ~tEMI~~~~Z~·~±~~~~~~M~~II~~.~~a<J. nA ; (3)tElU!k · ~~~~J&~~~~~J&j]ii. • 1$B~WltJ*tE. ~1I*,Jra<J7t;~~~~*,J~lilbrrM~~~(Linz,. 1995, pp.I-2). ~Przewoski~~Linz. ~. · -11 B~.!!!:.IM a<J ~ ±U-e- q:. a<J 3f1f a<J nltJl ·. ~~M~±~~~~~.A~ml\\~-~~. •. 0. •• ~·ffWA •••. Jlt-~~1fjj!*m~~~±a<J¥~*:llnltjt§ a<J~. · 1$M~~~fl~. 0. N~·tE.M~~±_IGIa<J$i.Z.·r-1I~m~~.@~. ~M1fD*~±.IM?k~~~~±.IGI~~~-1I1GI~~.a<J~ ~·1fjj~~.~~~~a<J~~1fjj~~]!~_IGI~~~M.~o.@. ~~1f@~~~m.tta<J·~~.@~¥t8ff~.ft~~ma<J~~; 1f@~~tE~±.IGIa<J.M~~~ttl~a<Jo~8~3f~·~~¥@. ~~1f~*~nlt~ •• ~a<J~m,@w~~.1f~*~~-.~m ~a<J~±AM·Jltmm~a<J_. ••• ~~±A±~~1I-1I~~a<J. m.·~1.4tE~±_~8Ma<J±.§.~~~RM~a<J·A~.tt a<J~. •• ~·Jlt~Ma<J~~rr~~~JltZOO~~&~~~±~~a<J. m~~:ll.~±~a<J •• 1f3f~~·W~~1f-1I~~a<J~*~. ~rr~~.~tE-~·~-m~~a<J~.~~M~RM~a<J~.ft.

(12) ~~.-M.~~~.DmAt~T~£~.~~.AAW.t.M. fi~~z~~~~.A(~. ~.~.mk~. •• ~)m*z.tfi~~~§.m~. •• ~.*#.tR~~~~.~~~~~.~t. ft~A*~~.~tt~~~~~~t.8m~~~-®~*~~B m*tftzW®~~~~~M~.h :Ii*~fiJ~. •• ~~~ •• ~~eB.~. 0. £~-~~t.M.~~~£.~~.AA~~~OOM~t~~. ... ••• m~.ff~ •• ~ •• k~*.d.~t~~ ~.~A~~~.tWA.A •• W.~~~~ t~~ ••• • A~~~.t~~~~.&£~~ •• ~fiD~~£~~~AA· •• z.B~~Ar$.z.~J tWAr$#z•• J .• ~­ ~~W.'~£~~~ff •• ~~a~ •• ~~fi~*.m.D. ~~£.~~ ••• ~.ff~ •• ~~~mr*~~~,~m~~ ~R~~.AA. ~~¥~'~~~. •• ~'~~~~.~~~~kS'~®~~~. ~~~~'JI¥~l±"'~~lQU~ • • ~~Rfi.~h. t. !iIIE~~®rJj~~. •• ~~AA~B~#~~,m~~~~AA~A&~#~ ~~~'W.~~.~~~£.~.~ •• ~AA.'~ ••• ~ • ••••a~®~~· •••• ~~M~.~~~M~.tt .... ~ ~~.ff~. ~Jt;~.. 0. ~;r·.~&£~~~~~.~li"'~~~~·~£.~~~. •••• ·~~.~-~~~~~fl•• ~~~~.M~.m ~o~-~.m~~* •• ~a*~ ••••••• ~~~~~. -~. ~t¥. '. ~~~~~~tt •• h~~~I1if. 0. ~-M~.mJlIJ~fljtJ~.

(13) ft.i!il£ra~E1tztm. : llII:lUt!,.~ 213. ~*L~~*~~~.~(ft~*~~~~.)Z~~~.~~~ m*'~fi~~.M~~~. ••• ~~~_~*tt,w~~.~~. ~fitto~~z'~~~_~~~~~'~~fi~*z~~fi~~. ••• ~~~Z~ ~Ji!: ' :«IlLinzwr~ , ~:fl~IT~*16'~:fl-lI~*~Jt. : ~~Jffl ~~~~~~~.~ft&.~ •• ~_*~~~~o~:fl~~~. 1~~~~m~~A~~~.'W.~~-.~. Z~~~~-$~~~~•• ~~~~~~'~~'~~~~.~ ~~~fi~**~~~~~*.~~~H~~.~~~~'~~Ji!: ~m®~~fi~*(~~Ji!:A~.~ft~~*). •• ~~~~~~. •• M~.M.:flm~~~~'~~~M~~gm~~~m~·~ ~~** •• ~.~-~•• Mz~· ••• ~0~~~.'Wa •••• ~~-~~~~.~,~~~~.~~~.~~~fi. :O'Donnell, 1992, pp.18-24). 0. .~·~~.~m.~-lI:fl~~~~.~~~.~*~om. •• ·~~Ji!:-lI~~tt ~*M ••• $~~.,m~~Ji!:-lIa:fl ••• ~~.~~~~ q~'.Ji!:-lI~W:flh~~n~~~~.~~§.o •• ,~. ~:fl~*~.~~~Ji!:-lI~.tt~~~. L~~~.~~~ff~'~~~L~~~~&~'~~~.~.M. ~~*l!Ul. 0. $ ,. f:~L±~~B'9~J{. -"*-±*• • iI.~.it .~~~.~~~.*.~,~. ... ~.~~~~~~~~..

(14) .. ... .~~~~~,~m~~~~~~~~~~AM~~~~.~ n.~~.,~~.~~~. •• ~ •• M~r.n~ •• J ~~m~~~.fi~. ~~. .. ••. ~~~.~~~.r~. (~~~,mM~). ,~. ••••. •• ~~~ow •• m~ •• ~.~~M~w. •• m~'W~Am.~• • ~~ •• ~X~ •• h~~m~o~ •• M*m.~.M~ •• ~ •• ~'~~A~~.~tt~M~~~'M~~Y~~ •••z ~~~~~ft~~n~ili£~~~~~. *'+Am~~~~.~~.·m~ X~J;t~X~. 0. •••• ~W.'~~~*.. Jltll~~--*±~*f4~~. t. •••. ~ m~II~~JfiJ. m~.~~~fi~.-m.~E~~m~o. ~~. ~. •••• M~~&t~.~m~_~,#~.#m.Am~. -. *±~. JllJ;HJHt~t.itH';~ -1JIA~~f9IJ(Pye, 1985, p. 233) •. .~~~-tt~~.~~~~m~~.m~_~~~~,.·~. •. • ~Tm~_~~~~ ••• ~'M~-1JI~.~ • • om~~~ ~~~ •••• n-.,~~ tt~~.m* •• ~~m~~m. ••• -~m~.~ ••M•• ,-~mx~~ •• ~-tt~~.JllmiliX.hM.~.~ •• t ••• ~~~~h. o~~,~~.~~ tt~~.Jll~t •• Mm.~-~ £*~.~,.~~.~~~ •• ~~~*~,~~.~.~~* $.*~Bom·~B¥~~ •• mM~'.~*lI~.tt •• ~ *.n'~X. -*••. m.~.,~m0~~*0~~.'.* e.~m~_~AA~'*.~~~. '.~~. ••••. ~.~o. •• Mtt~~ ••••n.. •• '••••~~'~.~-AAO~~~~.~*..

(15) e•• ~~~~z.~: •••••. ns. 7.1% ' -nJ\:li~:Ji!5.6% · -nnO~(fJ~BlfhtijV-f!:Ji!5.0% ' ­ n n= ~ :Ji!6% (Taiwan Statistics Data Book, 1993, p.l) it?& jllllft 0. ~·. •• ~(fJ.~R~~~.~mili,~-nnO~~-nn~~. Z~,~.~~ti~Blf~m(fJ~~~~fl~~r~(fJ.~'WH~. ~ti~~~~Blf~_(fJM~'~~*~.~~Blfht~~_.~~* ~tt~§~,~~-~.~~.~.(fJ.,~~.~~. ••• ~n. oo.a •• m'WHfl~~m~~iliOOm~olft~~~~*~~. ilifl~#~~~(fJ~~,~~~ht. •••~.*(fJ~~fl~~~~'. ~~~(fJm~~~~'~~~~~*WL~~~~~_fl~m~.· .*~. •• ~ •• ilifl.~_· •• ~Blf~.~~ ••••. '~~. .5:E~±.~. (fJ § mrflllJtmht~-~jr{oon~~. p.35). · it?&~.~lli.~*:iltmt.4E~~#~~n~Blfht~ ,. 0. ~lft. (*. . . •. 1994,. m:Ji!•• ~Blfht~~B •• ~~-.~.n.~.*,~ht~Z* (fJ~~ •• 'B~*~~m~tt,~ti~±~~@(fJ~~~ht~_ 1m 11 n ~E lit. 0. ~.(fJ,~m.~~~Mtt(fJ.~~~~~~.ffi,~-nn =~-nn~~z~(fJ~.~~ti-.tl.OO.(fJ~~~~~~~. r~'~~tl.OO.~*I~'~.'~.'. •• '~~'~~~. ~~~~.~~~flm§H.(fJ~§,.*~~.ti~~~§~r.. ~~~-~~~-~~-. •• ~J~m~.m.ww· •• ~~~. ~~~~~.~.~Z~ (na~JJit,. •. 1994, p.IO). _Z*'~~ti~nnO~-nn~~. 0. ffij~~Blftl. •. •• ~M.~(fJB~~:Ji!. ~~r~·~**~~~~.(fJ~~,~~(fJ.~~~~~~ft~.

(16) ~~ft~~~~~'~~~&.$~~r~~A.J~~r~~.J. z~'~~£ffi~~~~~~-nn~~. ~~~~~~~fl.*. .~~Mn,~~~~.~~~~~,gffi~~~~~~*~~m ~~I*~iftrRHILt~~jJ (ft-:k~. .~~,~ift.tl.~.ftOO~. , 1994, p.l). 0. te~~~~~~.~~. ~~~~~V~~~~~~~~om~,-~~~~~@~OO~~. ~.g~~~Wfl~~~~~*~·~~~@~~~~~~~~~ ~~. •• ~~.m~~jJ.~~fi.t~.W~R~~~.~~.. 7~@~~o~~~~.~~.~~~.~e~~ift~~~.~,. ~~~~*~~.~~*. ~~x~·m~~.ti~~.~x~~. ~a~~~'~E~.~~nu~~.li~~~fl~ti$.~.~~. •• ~~~~J~~~o~~ ~~.X~*~.~~~.~.$'~~~~.~~fl •• ~&~. m~~~ti$.t. rWA~~. %~~.,~~m~*~.r~~J~~~~~,~ti~~~.X ~il~iI1t~~.~z-o. :1}-1lIm~m. a~g*~~~--tl.lY:l~ , 1!~~.~Ati~. ift~~~~~.ofl~e~~~~A~I~tt'~~~~~. ~.~~~.~~,~~~-n~~~~==A.#~~ ~~~. •• ~.'. .~~.~.~~.~~~~.M~~~ift~.t.~~. ••~M~~~~eAc*$. ~e.M~ •• ~~~~~z*' •• ~*~ •• *M.m1ll~~ ~~~tl •• ~~~~~~~~Ao~~~~L~~~~~.~A .~ft~.1lI~~~.~~.'fl. e~~*~~~~~znu'~-1lI._~.~·H~~O~ft*.

(17) .... ••. ......•• t.MW. e•• M~~~Z~OO: ••••• ~~~~".t~.~.~ M••. 2D. •• M~.~~~~·~~~~~~ ~~~~~ .M*±~.~t~~~~ •• ~.M*±~ •• z~·* •• A OO.~~. ±.~.~ ~.~. ... ~A~.W~~~.~.'ill.'~~~.M*±. •••••m••••~•• ~M~m~'.&MmWT~. -00. a ~lt1J~~m~11. .. ~AAO.ft~~·. 0. ~·~.~.M.~~.~·. 11~~~~.M. .. •.. ••OO•••• M~M.fi~M.~~ • ~~.~. ~-OO.~M.. •• L~.ffl~~·~~.m~&M~.~~~~. ~-OO.~M~'~~~.&~A±~~.~.w~~~rft.AW. ~*J~~~w~~·~~~~.~~ft.~.±.~~~* ft.~~±~o. •. ••. ••• @c~w~~'~*~~~.~ •• A± •. •• ~ •• *~.M~.L.~.~~ ~~~~'&~M •• ~~~~ •• ~ •••Mffl.M¥••• ~ ~.M~.z~'ill.*. ~~'fi~~~~~~~~'w. ••~.~* •• ~.~~.~ •. ••M•• o.~.=~~. L~. ~±~. •.. •• t~. ••. ~.~~.£~. •• ~.(fi~)~*~.~.~~·~~~g.UTM~. •• ~ft.~±~~~.~.§ ••• ~ •• ·&~filt~~±~ ~ •• ·~~~~m •• ~ffl~- •• ~.~.~.M~~~¥.' ~.~~$~.*.m.M •• a.~ •• oo.~-@m~~ •• · ~~IiI~rmML ' ~1::~ • • 7Ht(~Jj. · 1993. pp. 47-48) .~. ~*.~±.~fi~m.~~IiI~**m~~.~ft.fi~·~~ ~~. •••••• ~~±~•• ~OOz~.o.

(18) Fa. =... ;J::~a$itfill:ff. (-)tR.;t.. (liJJ~.). ¥~~~AliJJ~.~~.;t~~~~~~~~*~~~~~,. 'iIt J;,( ~ ilW ~ r ~~J. 5:t;t. J (quasi-Leninist party)* i~B! liJJ ~;I; tE ~.;t~.*~~*ftt(Cheng, 1989). 0. 1t<.J1t-mi!'. liJJ~.J;,(­. ;t.~~~~~7;t~*~~tl.*~·~;t~*~~'liJJ~.~ ~;t.~m;t~~~.**tR.h'. }ttl ;. ~tl.*~1riii. '. rJ;,(;I;~;tJ~A.;t~~z~. ~~~iiitt~liJJ~t.dl*±:.(state corpo­. ~~~,~~tl.~Z~.~.~~.~;t~~.o~.~.;t~. ~±:~~~~'liJJ~.~m@;t;l;.tt$~~~.(~~~liJJ~. ~Dd$~D.). ~=M~~~. •. •• :.;t~~(h;t~~~~~~~)J;,(Atl ••. ~~~(~m. ~81~). ,J1t~_.&.~~M~_~;t~~tl.*~~. •• ,;t.~%.Mm'.*$~~). (*~.,. 0. ~.;t~~~~.~·liJJ~.tR.;t~~~.'iIt.m~~~~h ;t~~~A~~~~liJJ~~~~.oUh;t~~W~'liJJ~.~~ ~8~fi;t.MW. •••W;t.H.tt, •••;t.;t~.~~~,. ~~~;t~~.,.;t.~.,m;t.A±*.ff~-~*~~.' @~~~@±:~~.~~~.~B*~.Z*,-ft~~.H~'iIt ffx~~~.ffliJJ~.z~~. •• ' •• ~X~~N.ff;t •••. ~~-Mm~M.~~.·@~.J;,(~~~.*~,m~;t.~.. ~fiff~~;t~~~M~8*~'~.~~.M*'iIt.fi;t*~A ~~t*~~.h(.*~~~~h) o~~'U.~.~~~..

(19) ir.ift7i1~.:E1tZ"/i\l. : lPIftW.. 219. ffif '{Elm Mf8 J: ' .~EJf ~ ~ ,'itt ~ fl ~fflUiH~ ~;;$:!it ' ffif ~F ~ ,~,;¥; -MA~~~.o~~~.~.w~~H~~~~~.~h~A. ~,{E.~*-~~~r,~~~~~~~~~.Z~~.**~ ~.o.~~~M~~~*~~~~~. •• ~,~~{E~~.~!it. m•• ·~*{E~*~~.d.{E ••• ·.~~~m•• fl.~ Jtf ~ ,~, ~ - Jl {i lit ~ J.I ~ lllU1! {Etl•• ~~~~~OO'~~.-Jl~Am~~~~~~~ffl ~~~.*~.~¥~,{Etl.*MM •• *.~~tt~m,~~ ~tl.~~; -~OO~~g~*~~~tl•• ~~~.~ ••J: .~mJ: •• ~a~~.,.~~mJ:~&fl~h.~M{E~~~ Q. .~~~~mJ:~.~'ft~~~~.~!itEJf.~~.~.~'d. ••~~IA (~PiIi~~ • 1991) m~~:Wl{E- • ••m.r.~~ •••tl••~~~U·{E~_~~~~ •• ~, .~.f&.tl. 0. ~~~*M~~~~~&fl~h~~~~0~~ m~.~~~~tt~~.~~~*~~.~~.~., .:Wl.~~.~m~. ~o.ffif' ~~_~. •••• ,~.~~{E~H.~H.~~.~. ~.~.o. •• ~J ' ~fl ••• ft~~~~ ••• H~~~~~'ffif{E ••• ft~~~ {E.~.~~~.~,~~.~~~EJf~r.~~. =~. ••• ~~.~~~~Ur,~m.~~m~~~~.~~~. •• J:~_.Q~.{E§ ••~~~ft~.~~~ mH~~,~* •• a~~~d~~~~~ •• ~~ ••• '~ ~m~~H.ff~m~~~~.~ •• o~.'-MwA~H~~ ~~d~~-M.

(20) m~.~~mA~~~~m~~.~.Afl~~~~'~-~~~ ~ftz~'~z-MOO~m~~~m'-~M~~~~~-~~~. ~+~'*~.M~~~.flMm.~n$*. •• ~~~~~ ••. ~.·.~~~~~~~~rr·~~~~~~~n.~~~~w., ~~~~~M.~$~~·~~.*~~~-ft~~o. •• e.~.~~*~ •• ~~~,~*m.~~rr~~~~ .H~OO~~m%·-Mm~~~n~m~~~.~.~-~~#. fl•• a.~ •• HomA'~AO~ft~M'~~.-~OO.~ ~~~~M~~.~~fl.~·WHm.~~fl~.~~~.mk. •• ~~ •• ~£~~ m.ofl~~~.m.M~rr~~*~~ ••• *·~~~~.* ••• ·~ •• **~~~*W~,~.~~~ •••• *~.~ ~fl~~·~.m~.~a.~~~~.~. .~~~~~~~.~~m.om~·-M~.~~.A'ffMtt #~~r~~±~~·~.~~~~.~~~~~~~-M~.m. •• ~*m~fl~.~~~Zk·WH·~~±~z~'ffM­ M~.~~.k~flm~.ft.~ •• ~~.·~A ••• M~.· ~. ..M ..... ~.~-~m.~m~·~. ~M.~m~~~.~~.~. ~~~~o. ... •• ~~~ •• ~.~A~~~.~· ·&~m.~±. q&fl.(~~.~~.). ~m~.~·-~A~~~~~~~.ft.e~~~~±~.. ~~~-M~W.o~~. ••• k·~~.~~~·~.*-MA. «tt~H~~~~.m.m.~*Mm.~.~±a~~~~~~·.

(21) ~~.~m~w'~M.~~~~~m~~o. •• ~~~*.~~. ~~~'~~~~~.~Y~.~.·~~.~~~~W-.~~ .~L~'~M.~~~ti~.~~~~+~~~~~_~o.* ~(~~~)~~~~.~~.~.~~~#~,. ( • • • ~m). ••• ~~~ •• ~~.ME.~.~W~~· ••• ~~8.~ ~.'~~. ••• ~~~.~~L~~~~~~~o~~~~~~. .~.5*.ID'~.~~~~.. V.~~~~.~N. ... o#• • t{W~. WW•• ~WW•• ~M·#~.~t{.~M~~g.~~·~~. ••. ~M~~M*~~~~~~y.~. ••. ~g~W*~~~~~. ,.~*.n~~.~~.~.m~~M~.·M~M*~.*~~. .. .... ... ~*.m~~~*.W~ ~. ~~. ~~If. ~~. ~. .... •• ~9.~~·W.~~*.L.'~ ~~.~~.~~o. m.~~.. •• ~.~m~~@~Mo •• ~~~~~~~~~~~.~ '. ~l!JM3!.~.iH$ • • ¥I.fj.Jf~::r*Jf!uHU@~. 0. (£661). ~*¥3!~ '(Z66I)~~.:Y:~¥ii~tP.OOl~rl:ll3!~ '(y66y)~. ~1l~l(Ml.3il1f~ '(0661H~.~.Hlnf • • ~~~~1if ~IlYM~.if.~. , (886T)~:Y:~• • ~1if. '(6861). ' (8860#. ' (L86T). W.~ ••• '.~*.~¥.m~.~~w • • • '~~~W~ ~.~ ••M•• ~~#=~.mM~-·MW¥.~.~~~U •• ~'~Mo~if~~~-L~~~.~~~~. M~-.m~. M~Y.fj'.t{~.~.-~~M.~~.fj.m~.~~'T. • • ~·# • • ~.L~.g~.~n~.n~w IU. •••. ••. -.~~. §.M•• :~.~~~~w •• e.

(22) 222 W~~~x~~~~~'~~~~h~~.iliA.~fi~.~ *A.~. •• ~~x~~ •• §*.o~.~~'~8~~~. ~~~'A~fi~~.~~A~~~~~m~~.~~.~~. ._0. .~fi~.%~~ft~~*.ffi,~~~~~.,~~.~-.j. ~~,c.,§ ~~T A~fUtJ.~. m%~Z3'r' jt1?:~Am~. .. ': ••.. r.~J' r.hJ~~~~~.~ili~$'W~,n*~. .... ~, ~~f:I!~~~~~!!A~~.~'fg{rPJ.~~.h~(IJ._. 1993) • ~~*4!!Ht:~~JI:t-~~ ~m. ' ~841f:12JU2 a 2)1&). · fijt~~zB&~-lJilil.. (cf:t.. 0. },. ~T.~.~.h~~~z*·~~.mm.~~=. i. ••••. A~M*Bjt8~~.o8~~~~.~*~.&fi~h~ •••. ••• ,ti=. ~~.~~H.DA-~~.~ •• ,JI:t~8~~~~.M •••. ~~ro·M~~~m~&fim~~~~~~~~8. ~~.~m~·W~~H~~8~z~~~A~'H~~.A~.. ~~*~~~.~·tt~~8.A~§~~~~'~~.~.*. ~~x*~~. 0. iliA '. ~~.~8~~~JtlAjt.,.z"~*. ~~~~~'~A+~~~*~~~.~'~~.~~ .~~B.·JI:t~~*,.~~. ••. •• A.~. •• ~~~~ ••~~~w •••. jt8~.~oM~~jt~~~m.~~.~.*~.~~~,ti. 8~.~~.ili~.~~~~. •. •• ~~Mjt~.~~~.o.~•. ft~~*.ffi'~~.~Ms~ffix~8~~~$~~-~.­. dEz~,jt~Dfi8~~.~.m~.,~~ ~.a(~. ••• ~~.~.. •• ,~~u1f:,~n),.~~~~~~* • • • • •.

(23) @• • M~~~ztW: •• ~.~ ll3 ~~.~~~. •• M~.~¥*ffi*~~~.m~.~o. ~~·~~~~.~~~~nuoo~~#~~~.~~·~. ••. ~~-~m.--*9.~~~±~~.A±z&~o~~m~. ~M~~~~~.~~_~~~~~~.nu,~~.~~~r.~. ~no. J. (~II~.:j!;t\Il) ~. •• ' ~1k~~~~. r *~mJ JYTijl. ®~~.&.o¥*L·~~~~II~.:j!;t\Il.~~~~~W~.. ~*~m'~~~.W~$~9M~~m~~~~~*.·~~~ ~.~.~A&tt.~'.~~. ~~~z~~,~~.&. ••• ~~~.~~.I1~.~~. •• ~.~~~*.·~§nu~~.~~~. •• ~~~~~·:j!;~~ ~.~~~~.ft.~~:j!;.'~~~.~Zr·~~.~•• ~ ~.~Zr'~~~W~~r*~.Z~. *~m~±~·~.~~~~±~~~.~~~~o~~.~~± ~~. •••M·.~ ••• ft·~-~oo·~~.~~±~~~~. A±~. •• h&~·~.-m~~±~.~ •• ·~ •• ~~.±. ~~~ti~~·~~~~~~~~~·~~·~~.~A±~m ~~~.~iiti.~~jiJ~~ (~7I~ • ~1I~ftl. 1111&). 0. ~.~. •. 1'{:m~-~. • ~84~12jj 7 a •. •• &.J1J.f!:(~. m.. 0. ~7&ti.~~~.z~~~M'~M±~&~.z~ti~. ~M~. •• ·&~~±.~~-MM~ •• oR~ww~~1k~±.. ~~.~~.mm·-M.~~~-~.~~~±~.m~~~~. *#(backgroundcondition)(Rostow, 1970,pp.350-361). 0. ~H~.. Rostow JYT~.fUfJ Jtt~ ~ _ . # ~ ~ • ~i1t -~fV ISIUE ilf!l~ILiUlltt. ' 9.! ~. •• ~~~~~fi~.Z~~~~.~W~,~~~.~~-m.

(24) ~....­. *-:Y. Ji~±:1tti<J;t~.{lf. • JtUitllt § -tO~1tr»JMtti<J ~±:"Il?l"~ 1JJ*1J¥t'ult-rJ]1! m~· § !i1;~-fIIfiJlfmi~ · § -to••. ft.. 0. ~. ~B~ti<Jmmi!ttal!1t· .B~~.J1J~±:1tti<Jif!"M' ~)£IJ._: ~~·miHm~~~~itllt~.**·~~~~.ti<J~ •• ~ ~~~~.~m.ti<J~ff' r~ ••• J~~-fII~ •• *.~. ~. ±:1t J£ Jt!( ti<J :m: ~ Il:iI ~. 0. .,. 11. *WL,~.±:~~.~-mi!t.ti<J~~~~·~~ ••" ti<J~.·. • • ~m •• ~ti<J~.L •• 1J¥~·M.fIIi!tM •• ~.. ~~~~M~ti<Jm.·~~~~~.h*~~·~~ ••• ~~. ta~.,m~Il:iI~-. mi it.ti<J ~ ±:1t ,IJ,1j -. ••• Uti<J~~mi •• ~i!t.ti<J~ •••fi~ :m: 3f:JIJ ~m m~ ftti<J l~;;'t ~~. ti<J 0. ft.:£.. ~ •• ti<J~-±:~~=.~~*~ti<J.~~h'~.-.W~A~ ~.~.~/~-ti<J±:~~~.{lfti<J'M.~~mit.=T.A. ~~m~,~.mm~~~;. •• M~.m~.ar~a.J~1. *. .o~m*~Ulfti<Jff~'~.~i!tta.~~~~*ti<J~M •• ~A~~~·~~~~±:1t~~ti<J~.~fto. *. •• it.~±:.~±:~~~.*~~hti<J •• : ••••• ~o=.* •• ~~~ti<JfiJ8'M.~itllt~±:.~ti<J~~~.t •• M~~~Il:iI.o_~~.~* ••• it.ti<J~ta.~ •• ~~ *ti<JH~. · ~"~~1f!.~. ~.ll.,;t•• ftilJ~~AO~1t~.it. ~ti<J~±:1t~fl'. .W.~]!~ti<J.!JIJIl:iI(Yu, 1995,ch.4),. at• •.

(25) 8~.M~~~Z.~:. ••W•• ns. w~·~M£~~~~~~~~~.·~mM~.~.~~~~~ tim·~~~.r·~M~mM~.~~~~~~~m~~~,~. ~m~*~~~.m'~~.~~~~~M~.~oill~'~-~ ~~~~~~.. M.~~~±~~§.'~~~~~~~.·~. ... ... -~~~M~~.~~~*~.~~.~H~,ti#~M~. ••~. ~. •• M~~M •• ~~.f.,. ~. •• ~.m~'ill~M~L7~*.~~*oill~~~~O~ft. ~. mWM~.~~.. ~~W.~.~~~~~~~~·~M~~~AM~m~~~._, ~R~~~**~.~·~.ti~M~._~~~wa.~~,~. ... ... ... .-ft~ft~~~.~W~~.~~~~~~.~~·~.~~M ~H. ~.~~o. ~~~~.~.~M. M.m~~. · illtill~ilU'tt~~JlHKirkpatrick, 1979,pp.34-68). llP~~.~#~.It~~£~.1t~JIlJ~ · ~ .~._~~ti~~*.· ••• ~~~~ti~~~~_~~o. ~A.~~~ti;~~~~~.~. ill~·~~ti~.W~M~~~~.~-ftAO~ft*~~~ ~~~. ••w•• ~m.m~~.o§~~~MM·~M~~~~. ~L~B~~.·e~~~~. tt~~~·m~~**~. ••. ~B~~~.~.~.~~~~. •• ~~~tt*A~~o~~·~.m~. ~~·~~~~.~~~H~~~.~M~~~~~~~·~~~ .~~'~$.,m~M~'~m~~fi·A~.m@~~~~· ~.~~JM~It{ti~~~~._1I~(Lasater.1993). ~·§~~~~~O~ft~~M.~~ ••• ft~· ~~~~~. 0. ~~j!~~. .*~~~. ••~~·~m~~~R~.~~~~~~·ti~W..

(26) /. 226 i!it. ••. ••HW·N.k*ge.$•• m.~.~_· ~~ tE Jit:lm IdI ~ ffi JIJ ffltiJ 1t · • .g.. ~~-1Jl ~!lf@ W • liP"_ .• ~~.~m. -/lil. ~*~~~tt.~H.'~ • • *~A~~.*~~_~~o~. •• *~~~.~~~~~. D~°tE.mk·.g..~~~£em •• R~*~A.*~ ••• .1t·-1Jl~£.~~em~.g.. em~.m~.·~.B~~~tE-~A~.~r~~*~MJ.. ' ~1Il~'31 ~1I.1f. ~~~~~ •• ~otE~Mk·.T.* ••••• ~*,e ••. IH=rJlJ ·. .g..tEAO*w]~Jl~ ~£1tmbi. ~.9rlJJlft{~i'M!:~JRfnrP:W. '. '*-ftlH~1k~1h9r*f(.~m.. ,-tt!. •• ~~.~£~~= •• ~t·*~~~-1Jl~~.~H~£~.g. •• ~-1Jl~~~M~ •. R~*~~~~em.~~~~o~~. •. 0. .WtE.g..~.~~~.1t~M·~£.~~.~~~~.1Jl9rtEtl51.~JE~--~~*~.l\.g..~~. tE1k~. •. .g..~. 0. -fjt?.I;H!~~jt.f'. •• ~.'-H~m.g..~.mv~·Jit ••••. •• m~~~1t~.o~w·.~e ••~ ~~~£1t~~~'£$A~~.g..V~l\~~~.g. •• ~.~. A.#llA~,.~tEuDJlk~;ij(m.**~j$~.-~$lfff' •• ••• e~~~•• .g..~.~ •• Mm£$~~h·W •••* *~.-~~o.~~~~ ••• ~~~~·~~*~-~m •• ~.~Tg~.~W]~. • ~g*~~tEH.*~•• '-~OO&~m• .g..~~ ••-. ~~~m°tl51Jit·.g..~£1t~~*~.~~*~m.~·W*M. ".

(27) e.aM~~~Z.~:. J1! -. ~ !l1J1l ~. lIif ~ .:E1t ~ ~1ifI)E tt. •••• ~ 2n. 0. ~lIif~.:E1t.T~~.~~.~~.M*~. •••¥az*,. *~M~~~~a.~m~~.~~~~.,~~~.~~~.*. ~~~~~m'.~'.~.~.~*'~. •• *~~~~~~B. ~.~n~mM.~~~~~~o~~~~,.~~~. •• m~.. ffl.~M~~.~~.~.MJ1!~~~~~m~~~Eh'~~~ ~~.~~niIif. ' ~.*~-fMlMt~lIm.{tfl!&ijl;rHfJjJU~.*~. ~.'.~~.*~~~~*~W8'~~-~~A~.~~*m ~·~.~.*a~~~*o~~~~.~.~.*.m~m. •. ,~~.~*±~~*~~~~tWH~. ••. *~~.~~. ••. ••. a~~8.~~~~X1tWtt~~.~,~~*~~~o~~,~. .~~*~~~~~~W-~~~.~~'~~~*~~~~~M. ~m.'~.M~~~~*~~~~~~.~~H~~~'~~~ ~~.&Ht:**~,.!lj]n. 0. ~.-~~n~~~.~.mt~lIif.*~~~~.~.~­. •• ~!I~~-AA=.~~+ •• ~tW~*~ ~~.~.~.*~-AAO.~~~ •• ~!I.~-AA=.~. A~A.~~~. +•• ~(Wu, 1994,p.191). 0. ~.~.~·~~.~~.A*~~ht*~~ *~~~.A~.~~~. , •••. ~~Ul:mt£.~~. ••. ~:l&.@~~ht~. t~~m~~. to~~~~-niIif.m~.~~~. .~~*~~#fi~~.&'WH~~~.~. ••~AO.~*£. ~1JIl~Il.~.~(Ma, 1993, p.209) , {f!~~-niIif*~.l:tl~.. ~.~.*~a.!I~~~.fi~·~~~.fi~(~~.naz.

(28) -,n~~e_.*MwomMe_.~~~.wom~~m,.. lRe_W 0 ~Jfb.*~rP:II~1&~) B-iL-tiLiF B9o.13%!l1JUJlJ -iLAliiFB93.21% ' .p}!l1JUIJ-iLiL=iFB97.72% (il1fj~ , ~83 ' pp. 248-249) ,Jltm1&tiUIl~.il1fj1ipm1~l±~ 0. ~*L'~~~~B9~.tt*B9~~~~~~#~~B9~M~ m,m~'~~~~B9H.~7~.~~~.~*,~~.~m.. B9.~~m,~.~~.**m~.~~.B9~~~*~~.'M §ft~~B9~.tt*m~~~L~M'~.~. •• B9~~o.e.. W~'*~B9~~~a~'~~~~~ffme_~~OOB~~B9. h,m~,Jltm~. ••• ~$*~m~.~~~~,.~~W~'. ~W*mflJJftd4Te1ftf. ' ~~~f.IiI!~~~1~¥UHiWlB9~~~J~ , mI. e1ftf~*~m.m§.*.~~I~·~~~.~~.~8.tt(.. Jj}$ , ~83iF ' p. 69). 0. ~t# ffljJErtr~~J~B9~1I. mlJIt ' ~tJi(~ ~'!!!:.~.B9-¥~ , *iH~e­ '. ~e_FJT16'~~A,m.~B9rRHI. 0. ~~§. ft.~~~.~.B9*.,~~.~~~~~~~~~'JIt~~B. -iLiLOiF'.ff~~~~±~~~~~r~~~~H~~-~W ~.eI~B9~~J~~~7m-~*.: il1fj~~. r~~m~~~B9._. •• e~.I~B9~.oV~~~~.tt*,~~~~ •• ,. ~~~e_*.M~·~~~~~-B9~hm~o.e~.I~ft. ~m~~.$.$'X~.~~~~~-B9.~ffJj}~Jj}°J .1L~.. '. ~81iF. ' J(1143). 0. (~. ~Si:~e1ftf~itr1&fj*~B9rP:IIJ!A. h'M~e_B9.~mM~OO.~~~-~*.'~. ••• ~B~. *~m.~B9~~'W~~~~~T*T*B9~~'@~~~~~.

(29) Z.#'~M~~.~D~~L~~.W-W~.~~~~.~~. .*'~~.~W-U~W.~~~~~~~~'~M~~.o~ ~~~~w.~~~.~~~~~~~,~.~~~.~.~.~. I~M~~~.~~'~.~~~~~~~~~~~~.~.~~ ~M.M~~~W~'*~M. •• ¥.~M.~~~.·~. o~.m.~.~~. M.~~~.W'~ •• W-~U~~~~.~= •• '~.~~ ~*~~~~.~~(~~~.~)~~~~~~~W~. '~~~~~~~. •• mID. •• ~~.~~D.-~WID'Q~~(~&*. .)~.&~W~R¥'.Q~~*~~ ~o. •• M~ ••• ~~~'~. • • ~*W~~~~y~~.,~~~~W~~~~~~.~. '~~~~~~.~.~~~H~W~~'.~~~~~~~-~. ~'~~.~~~~D~~~§~~'~~~M.~~~M.M~ ~~'~Z~W~~.~~~~§.~'.~~¥.~.~ZMa ~~~.M.~W~»~.~~IDo~~fu~~~.~W~~.~. ~~~Ma~~~~Mmfu~~¥'~~~W§~nM'~~~~. ¥~~~~¥.~~~~~w.*~~~m.~~.~~~*~~~ W~'~M~.~~ ~.*r~w. ••. •• ~~~ij'~~~~~~~~~.~~§. J~~wm.~*.~~~. ~. •••. ~~@-. ~,g. o~.~~.~~~~.~~~~~,.*~~. ¥W•• ~.~W·.¥~~~~~~~~.~--~.~ •• ~ 6~. ••. M•• :~aZ~~mw •• ~.

(30) ••••••• ~.~ .•~ ••• m~ •• ~ •• ~~.·A• •. ' 1H'&lIU.*,Jll~'ltnm:Bfllll'l'-&!I¥J."it~. ~1Ir~ ~±.*'J~~fF. Wft~~• • ~xa~~ m.~m~m. •• ~~~ •• ~fi~.~~~~.~·. •• ~.~~llm~~~~~~.·~X.~~.n. •• ~~~~.~. Wfl~~-$~.~o~.~~±.~~~~~,ft~.~ ••• •• *,J~~ ~§nu~~~*fl~~_~~~.'~~.~. 0. - , 'I'-:t"'!'1 : *~.'~~~E~.Zm. *~. ••• ~.n~~,g~t:~.~.r ••••• :. i!l!tl~.~.fiT~1tJ. ilftHi:>c '. 1i!:jC~U~: •• ~.84~. • J{33-43. ~1I81~. 0. •. g.~~1"4~@~ • • • ~.~.~fi~&~~$.·e~:=+-. tJ;;I1HlII~.JIij f.!I3~. ,. 0. • lIA.lt*II.UtWtl9 • •,Ul"* .. e~t. '. : *~Ep." ~1I83. ' e~t : -+-1.Itte 0. e.~1ii1994~tl •••• ~.~if~fi~&".. ~16: •• ~.84~. • J{1-13. Q. ~~.·. • • • • '.~~~&II • • ~---~ • • • • ~ • • ~.,~.a. ~lf ' tiU'lIfj~.j(.f'iI ' e~t : $~ililllitl ' 1993 *-*~. ~.iI!!..1994~.~ • • 1I:~.".~tIf.ft e~t: =+-1i!:ea. ••,. 16:. ' ~~. ~.84~. , J{1-22. . *1I1UIi:t.JI • • • • • .. 0. 0. e~t. : 1ii¥iililllitl • ~.83~ ; I!tJfIJJ • • • Pi. •. ~1iiliI84~12JPB llfi/i ( .. ) • '*'~It~ •• WM••• tl'~t : jMlilillli*± • ~.8}1. I!tllili~~ • • • • lIw*.=ta . a~t : I1l :ll:.1!l.ilillli*± ' 1991 1!t~.,~.:ll:. • • • ~~ • • • • ~_~·e • • • • • • ~~.ft.Z~ • • IIPlJfttiiliJllt~if!.~~' ~.~. 0. n:ll:.~. 0. 0. ~a~,e~:fi.~IIj(~.~. pp.70-93. ••M,e•• ~ •• ~.tI9~~ •• fIIJlt* • • ' ..::.,~-:t"'Q. •••milf•• ~Jllt* •• ,~IIU••. Q. ~.82~. ·a~t:fi.~IIj(~.~. ••••• ~~. 0. :. Bollen, Kenneth A.,. (1979). Political Democracy and the Timing of Development..

(31) ~jiJl!&7tH~±1tZ~1M. : frIftgijllljiE 231. American Sociological Review. Vol. 44, pp. 572-588.. ------- and Robert Jackman, (1985). Political Democracy and the Size of Distribution of Income. American Sociological Review, Vol. 50, pp. 438-457. Cbeng, Tun-jen, (1989). Democratizing the Quasi-Leninist Regime in Taiwan. World Politics, Vol. 16, No.4, pp. 471-499.. Chu, Yun-han, (1992). Crafting Democracy in Taiwan. Taipei: Institute for Na­ tional Policy Research. Cutright, Phillips, (1963). National Political Development: Measurement and Analy­ sis. American Sociology Reivew, Vol. 28, pp. 253-264. Diamond, Larry, (1992). Conclusion: Causes and Effects. In Larry Diamond, (ed.), Political Culture and Democracy in Developing Countries. Lynne Rienner. Publishers, pp. 411-436. Di Palma, Giuseppe, (1990). To Craft Democracies: An Essay on Democratic Tran­. sition. Berkeley: University of California Press.. Gold, Thomas B., (1986). State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle. New York: M. E. Sharpe. Huntington, Samuel P., (1991). The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twen­ tieth Century. University of Oklahoma Press. ___ MOO, (1968). Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University. Press. Ho, Samuel P. S., (1978). Economic Development of Taiwan, 1960·1970. New Ha­ ven: Yale University Press. Karl, Terry Lynn, (1990). Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America. Com­ parative Politics, pp. 1-2l.. Kirkpatrick, Jeane, (1979). Dictatorships and Double Standards. Commentary, No. 68, pp. 34-68. Linz, Juan J., (1978). Crisis, Breakdown, and Reequilibration. In Juan 1. Linz and Alfred Stepan (eds.), The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes. The John Hopkins University Press, Part 1. ----- and Afred Stepan, (1995). Towards Consolidated Democracies: Five Arenas and Three Surmountable Obstacles. Paper presented at the International Con­ ference on Consolidating the Third Wave Democracies: Trends and Challenges. Taipei, Taiwan. Lipset, Seymour Martin, (1959). Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy. American Political Science Review, Vol. 53, No. I, pp. 69-105. Ma, Ying·jeou, (1993). Policy Towards the Chinese Mainland: Taipei's View. In.

(32)

參考文獻

相關文件

Third, during period of DPP as ruling party, little evidience shows that connecting with DDP increases dividend, yet there is significance negative relationship between the

y Define  clearly  the  concept  of  economic  growth  and  development  (Economic  growth  can  simply  be  defined  as  a  rise  in  GDP  or  GDP  per 

From literature review, the study obtains some capability indicators in four functional areas of marketing, product design and development, manufacturing, and human

(1996)“Urban knowledge parks and economic and social development strategies”, Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 122(2):33-45. (1997)“Strategic behavior and

(2001), “The Place of Social Capital in Understanding Social and Economic Outcomes.” ISUMA Canadian Journal of Policy Research 2

Formal theory, causal inference, and big data are not contradictory trends in political science. Inside the turk: Understanding Mechanical Turk as a

However, some basic and profound problems that have been addressed by political theorists still lack attention of practitioners in Taiwan, which may have created an misunderstanding

“Contextual Antecedents and Political Consequences of Adolescent Political Discussion, Discussion Elaboration, and Network Diversity.” Political Communication, 26 (1),..