退休研究對中高齡人力資源運用的意義

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(1)~. .:. -»J. ~~~~~t~.~h. 19934'-6 1] ,. ~~~~~t~.Ah~ f~M: ~. '.It!t. • ~.~I::I::Ht&. ••• m~*A. •• m~*A. The Implications' of Retirement Study on Human Resource Policy of Mid-to-Old Workers Jlj~:#. ,tf--t!t~1rl. *. Mei-Chun Liu :JlA11:jilflfz. S 536. :hen 1970,S.. <.. .f.. 4ij. iQilflftU1IftftJ*a(f!f& q. if6ti'»lIJ A[:] .5lt,,*AtJi&:ffi~,jIi&B'.JII:.~ z-o*~~~~~~tftJ~.~ • • ·.~mW~~AtJi&:ffitftJ@~a. ~f*~1tq.lIIAtftJ~f*fj'A~U1IftftJ~f*IIl!J/l{~*~IW*lM&tIH.' ". iW:fftftJf;fa.tr~t8 : jofiiJ".:iE r ~f* J -Bii!' ~f*tftJtJ(~ • •fiiJ~f*:&iMW "'lIJtJili*~m~[!Q:;fjili. Kaufmann,. tstheorie der. ift, Beispiel: trxistischen. 1970, S. 239. ;. t~tttftJfiillltfllJtI1iW. • ~f*J)-3li~AAB';J1fi91Jt •. J;).if.fiilt.:tlltll~zmmtftJ • • • J;).:&:fUr~~.$P1f~1(ljt&IOP ..~.5lt~f*lfig. 1JtB';J-ftJmft • P1i"m~q.~It"'IIJfj'F.U~.tftJll\lq " ~J::llltB'.Jf;f.J;).if!-~ 'Hut~f*~~" -fiij.tftJ:m:Wi!iB'.JiB~fj'A. •. ill'Z.fi&:~~-8iA~~f*P1i"~z. rJmP1i".~JtftJUlJ£o. . *Jt:tJ!W[!Ql.5f#**lfignq.i!1titiAtJi&:lfiBitftJ~,:'ilf:;fj.1tu " ~-. r ~ .$ J. ;;p~tn-. r f:i!(g J • 1ilc'fi12:,.,um.tu.. r~.$ J B'.JJJt~:fitlt. :. ~=. . .$. IflfF "**±1It111:tlltll ~ zmm • IilcRiIIHt111 J;)..$ti_,,*-fUlJ-tttftJi&:ffif:i!( •. ;. [!Q.,. ~.::'.:. •. ~/llIjtt~f*.$til!.J..T:'ilf •. .l:).&J"R:lIIA:&U1IfB'.J_.* ;. :::f'!0'~U1If.r1iJ!'fi~:9'lf!tftJ~UI*:'ilf.~~IfiIJII:B'.Jalillt. AflIlUfrW$!:9'lf!i&:ffitftJ-lit ~z. •. ~. ' !l!JlflllJIJt.5lt. o. *~jf,giil**1!iI1*J'fi3l!~tftJ~f*Yf~. • J;).I!fJa:A.llq.if6ti9}. IIJA C1iMW"'lIJili*B';J~. • ~ ffij lfitjfl W'fi3i.tI'l'.JAtJi&:ffi:&fI!llUltillbi&:1ft J;)..$"gaUtl q. ~Ifi A tJ tftJ § B'.J ". *~.AA~~~ffl**~~*~±'~~.~**.1~~ffl~a.o. -169. ... ".

(2) l. 1993Jt6Jil. ABSTRACT The mid-to-old workers have recently been receiving broad attention as the main target population of much discussion in human resource policy.. This paper reviews literature on retirement in an. attempt to bringing forth its policy implications. Two clusters of research foci usually found in the retirement study are discussed.. One is individual retirement behavior which. includes the definition of retirement, the demonstration of retirement. t:P?!ti1 fttJ:-e-l:f:It $A:tJjij ~mfIJn~ ClIUWf~W;~. model. and the discussion on labor force withdrawal and re-entry. ljiACl~J. behavior. The other relates to retirement policy. Topics included are :. .$I¥-J~:fl. the attempt to highlighting the nature of this policy ; problems of using. m~1:±l. chronological age as a universal social indicator: and the harming effect. *±*1lllfaJl2. of societal stereotyping of old age on the productivity of mid-to-old. z#.f.~J.. workers.. These discussions help clarify a simple fact that is.. retirement is not an easy. simplistic. arid dichotomous yes-or-no choice, as common sense dictates. Four points are derived for further considerations in human resource policy making. "dependency".. Firstly, "old age" is not parallel to. Therefore. a new conceptualization of "old age" is. imperative. Secondly. as a social indicator. chronological age is far from accurate and sophisticated. As a result, it is better to seek out. 0. H. ~~*. , !iUt~~ {8ACl*s.f1 ~. ~o~.f. a~~8t:m~. 1990 !f.;¥. 111 65.!:).. to be reassessed in order to cope with needs of both each individual. ClZttWIJ ttt1JJllf. 19 1:f. ~ 8.4~. and the whole society. Lastly. it is more efficient and effective in. 20.5%. allocating societal resource if retirement policy is considered under a. *S*BtJ'. other means rather than relying on this indicator as the basis for policy making. Thirdly. the appropriateness of mandatory retirement age has. wider framework of social policy. In sum. more research on retirement is needed. A sound human resource policy for older workers is possible only when our knowledge of the mechanism governing the withdrawal and re-entry of older workers is enhanced.. 0. J~. r ~!f.ftl. ~~~#I. Jlf~*±* ~.~.. *~o :(£A tOC:ljHI~ IIIJ. 1:f:11RiIbA ~m~a. -170.

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(10) 1993.q:.. 6 ~.. ft'if:lL : % if. glJ t'8llt. 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65tu:AJ: 55+. 70. 100.00 11.21. 14.27. 17.51. 12.81. 9.50. 9.38. 8.17. 7.73. 5.52. -;,;. 1.01. 9.42. 71. 100.00 10.48. 13.96. 17.44. 14.17. 9.32. 9.47. 8.11. 7.58. 5.64. 2.96. 1.00. . 9.60. 72. 100.00. 9.45. 13.80. 17.44. 15.21. 9.56. 9.41. 7.98. 7.27. 5.74. 3.07. 1.07. 9.88. al., 19(0). 73. 100.00. 8.65. 13.66. 17.50. 15.75. 10.02. 9.35. 7.98. 7.05. 5.84. 3.11. 1.09. 10.04. :iE:1J~'. 14. 100.00. 7.89. 13.22. 17.50. 16.21. 10.97. 9.02. 8.06. 6.84. 5.85. 3.20. 1.24. 10.26. ±. 75. 100.00. 7.47. 13.06. 17.35. 16.41. 12.18. 8.57. 8.10. 6.60. 5.73. 3.16. 1.36. 10.25. 76. 100.00. 6.91. 12.93. 17.34. 16.43. 13.19. 8.39. 8.05. 6.44. 5.62. 3.32. 1.40. 10.34. 77. 100.00. 6.15. 12.42. 17.53. 16.47. 13.96. 8.60. 8.08. 6.46. 5.57. 3.43. 1.33. 10.33. 3.54. 1.47. 10,42. 1.45. 10.18. 78. 100.00. 5.66. 12.11. 17.49. 16.47. 14.42. 9.03. 7.97. 6.45. 5.41. 79. 100.00. 4.93. 11.67. 17.51. 16.68. 14.99. 9.69. 7.85. 6.51. 5.18. 3.55. i. 8m r.IWlfif~1. 1.-.fi. m~f:;f; J~. rx 53'fltt. § euI 1'F. 1972). :m~.~. ~f*~~ .~Itf1. -fJ3 I fi:. • •If'F. f* ~. (. 1J ~./L~I. a:p.~jjJJ\+if.. ~. r1b• .I. ffij tJ.# M. r:p~~~It\+1i.p)'flz~m.~. if. 1$ A. :i(l)m~. process) ; (~ (a condition 1f:J'@. (a role. · 80if.5fj. Il.~.. fa. or event) ;. .M*.:~.ft~t+hif.~._~Ah._~.~~if.~ f.fi&~.:E~ ~.fIJ. 0. 0. Ma. :ff~~1J1¥. ~. f* ~& :ffJIf'F. zOOtr.J-f~. passage) (1. lItf~f7 50-54~. 261.286. 45.63. 18.99. 19.43. 3.39. 58.20. 55-59~. 184.512. 32.22. 16.50. 16.78. 3.87. 62.85. ~1t*±*J ..:tJztt; PIT fit )J. 60-64~. 126.806. 22.15. 25.96. 16.85. 7;63. 49.55. ·~tE:I:t!:!~.. iilfillf:t*_ : :»~ .. r ~~*t!!Wi~Jjif.:» I~~t J 'P.30ft(?JJ\+-if. I.tii~sllfl*. : f.fi&~.:E~tllt~AII*i£lf.il.. m:.:iEfl?:. ~~7iS.~. Atchley. (1~. ft: J f£:.i:. 2. -MjJ. ~1tt1. til:t:tr.JA -178.

(11) ~ .=.. *. ~~~~~t~.Ah.~~m~~A. 19931f-6}l 8'H~ f*. J. tf..J r~ 181. flEI3¥flItffltblj(;.flfl!llfJ.Jnt'~. <>. <>. t§&:ltI!,fti!.1r.I1f":iA1*:7f'~-.. ~. ..;... "rU!:.1::f'. J e9:ltA.. r. 65fi!J,:AJ:: I 55 + 1.01. 9.42. 1.00. 9.60. 1.07. 9.88. . B ~ ~ mil ' :UH*if§ m:liH~ r .!JJlflfJitf..JIf1= J (Donahue, et. aI., 19(0). <>. ifiHi}f~"f4lJfl:7f'IEJl'f:JW. 1.09. 10.04. ~ 1J~. 1.24. 10.26. 1.36. 10.25. ±::i (1):mflt-.fflh~.#- (an act. 1.40. 10.34. 1.33. 10.33. 1.47 1.45. " f8 *tJ!;l-~ r:-~IJ I!BM.~m. or event) ;. mm-. (2). 11 ~ ~ (a. m P)' Atchley (1972:156) W:;;t.fti!. . . . (Carp, 1972,; Ekerdt et al., 1985) ~:iAf*.~-tIlijt~. JiJT:z:;: ,. <> :fE1l1PJ Shan as. ~:iAf*.~:l!:~m,*,-M.. ~tf..J*~ <> ~:iAf*mm-flItil!t~l'f:J. *7 fi~f*l'f:J~fjJfj " ~f*l'f:J. 10.18. ~fg. ' Ji!:. f*l'f:JR• • S'gr~e <> 3. -tIl1'lttJt.lj(;:ltI!f:iL m~ f*fIt -ftl11ltJtlj(;:ltI!f:lz:tf..J.. (giving up of work). $- , ~*....t~1'tIrE11it~ A~'lJ~A. (a role). <>. 1:&.I f1=. J. ~1.1: " iJl3?::il!.f*tf..J11JiSC " 1WAti~. W~~::hrr.J~~~.~~1Jl'f:J~.$ zru:ftf..J-M j:i®@l'f:JfiI~ (a .rite of passage) (1968:357) <> ~~ f*. ~:fi!-;fiIiiiSJh~$#. .~N!f~~iiSlb& fig.$~ ffil.~tf..J. fltm:-L' • ~Fl-j.~ 11 fit It JL' l'f:J m rr.i !JJl9.f3 (Shanas, 1972)<> Maddox ;,eflt~-;fiIi r fr1it. ~-:rm~!t. · ffij. r ~f* J :fE1l1PJ1>.$. ~Mlj(;ii~±.$If1=M-ft ' ~A~ l'f:J~-*~ <> .-fIlA r 8:il!.f* J :fi!t~~mS'g-fII*~ , ffii~F-lII. flf ~:i®~l'f:JiftHii (adjustment)(Shanas, 1972) <> ~flfi}f~..m~f*~-ftl[liJ. ffijl-~f*M (leisure). ~I{'F. ~o. fi}f~iY.. tt1l r. f~. J. 10.42. lJHHf*m-;fiIimJh~.flf. f*. :i:: •. process) ; (3)mm-flItm!jt~:ltI!f:lz: (a condition or status) ; (4)mJ~-;fiIi 1. - ;fiIiffJh~ .flf. l :%. ~. S"J JJl 1ft (all or nothing phenomenon) , ffiH!.:-tIlil!t r :i:: fl. 58.20. ~~*±* ....tWA • ....tl'f:J1li~tE ' fig. - flit :ltI! f:lz:. 62.85. ....tillJ;mW~Z. 49.55. ~1j::t1!!~.If1=. (Tuckman and Lorge, 1953; Strass et aL, 1976) ,~i. r1&.If1=J :fi!m1![ (Maddox, 1968). <>. :ia;fili~.1":E.~....t • •lYle,. f8.. ~~~7iSIU1IJm.HIIlJ.lt.•~'IJ~. <>:fE1l. Atchley . (1972)m~ • lf~A1":E r ~. f* J~liBfQrfJl5~t!tfllwrIf1= <> . 2. ~1IJt§f§! ~Jlt..l!6ag A:7f' 1EJ1it~~-;fiIi. .~l'f:J A. • f-tl!1r.I:7f'l-::J.fIt r ~f* J OJ. ~. *: (a Status loss). 4.-tIl~fg. *±.:it!!f:lz:;m~w.~fg. " t.I:f1J '. Jff:I:ffH.f.U· <> ~~f*m~-.~fg :!H~ [liJ r.~ fgl'f:J ~ fg J (roleless role) l'f:JRia!iJ!. (Parsons, 1954; Burgess, 1960; Sheppard, 1976). <>. .~~f*ti. -llIH7}~mAAiSC ~l'f:J A ffiillt ~fllA. -179.

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