蘇聯與中共國家安全政策之比較研究-以韓戰為例 - 政大學術集成

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(1)୯ҥࡹ‫ݯ‬εᏢ߮ᛥථࣴ‫܌ز‬ᅺγፕЎ ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻ ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻ஭٧‫ػ‬௲௤. ᝵ᖄᆶύӅ୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼ϐ ᝵ᖄᆶύӅ୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼ϐКၨࣴ‫─ز‬аᗬᏯࣁ‫ٯ‬ Кၨࣴ‫ ز‬аᗬᏯࣁ‫ٯ‬ A Comparative Study on National Security Policy between USSR and PRC ─Focusing on the Korean War(1950-1953). ࣴ‫ز‬ғǺ ࣴ‫ز‬ғǺယࠧဢ ύ๮҇୯΋ԭ႟΋ԃΎ ύ๮҇୯΋ԭ႟΋ԃΎД ႟΋ԃΎД.

(2) ύЎᄔा ύЎᄔा ᗨ߾᝵ᖄς࿶ှᡏǴШࣚ຾ΕΑࡕհᏯਔжǶӧհᏯਔය࣬ϕ‫ל‬ ᑽ‫ޑ‬ऍ᝵ᜢ߯ǴϝࢂᏢࣚࣴ‫ޑز‬዗ᗺϐ΋ǶԾ ϭϵϵϬ ԃհᏯಖ่ϐࡕǴ ᝵ᖄǵচҁӧᙑ᝵ᖄύ‫ޑ‬୯ৎϷύ୯εഌᔞਢၗ਑‫ޑ‬ഌុ໒‫ܫ‬Ǵჹᗬ Ꮿࣴ‫ز‬ёᇥԖΑཥ‫ँޑ‬ઇǶаऍ୯Ꮲ‫ ޣ‬John Lewis Gaddis ࣁ२‫ޑ‬հ Ꮿ୯ሞўᏢࢴံк‫ץ܈‬ղΑ߻य़хࡴ໺಍Ꮲࢴǵঅ҅Ꮲࢴ฻ࣴ‫ޑز‬ό ‫ى‬ϐೀǶ ҁЎЇҔᔞਢ‫ک‬ᗬᏯࣴ‫ز‬Ꮲ‫ޑޣ‬ፕᗺᆶϩ‫݋‬Ǵख़ཥ਩౛ӧᗬᏯ߻ ࡕ᝵ύ‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼ԵໆǴ٠ుΕ‫݋‬ፕԖᜢΠӈ൳໨྽ϞᏢ‫ۘޣ‬҂ ϩ‫܈݋‬ుΕࣴ‫ޑز‬ᅿᅿୢᚒǶ ҁࣴ‫ز‬჋၂่ӝ୯ሞᜢ߯ᆶհᏯ୯ሞў(Cold War International History Project)‫ٿ‬Ꮲߐϐၠሦୱࣴ‫ز‬ǴᙖаዂమᗬᏯਔය୯ሞᡏ‫س‬ԋ ঩‫ޑ‬ϕ୏Ϸ‫ځ‬೷ԋ‫ޑ‬ቹៜǶќѦǴΨ၂๱٬Ҕ౛‫܄‬،฼ኳԄٰϩ‫݋‬ύ ᝵‫ٿ‬୯ሦᏤΓ‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄ،฼Ƕ ࣴ‫่݀ز‬ᡉҢύ᝵‫ٿ‬୯ሦᏤΓ೿ࢂа౛‫܄‬ղᘐᇡࣁԾρ‫ޑ‬،฼ ࢂ҅ዴ‫ޑ‬ǴฅԶ٣ჴ่݀ࠅ٠ߚӵԜǶವථࣽჹѳᝆ‫܌‬ගϐᗬᏯीฝ ᒱᇤӦ໒‫ܫ‬ΑȨᆘᐩȩ Ǵч٧ӧӭԛаѦҬБԄ᝾֋๮౰ႥคਏϐࡕǴ ᇡࣁऍ୯ёૈ຾‫װ‬ύ୯ܿчǴ٠ჹ‫ځ‬ཥᑫࡹ៾೷ԋ࠶ુǴаठനࡕр ծϟΕᗬᏯǶᏯ‫่݀ޑݾ‬നࡕᗋࢂӧ 38 ࡋጕߕ߈ᛝ࿿ΑଶᏯ‫ۓڐ‬Ǵ ՠࠄчᗬϝᙑۘ҂಍΋ǴคኧΓ঩ࠅӢԜ഼Ѩᝊ຦‫ޑ‬ғ‫ڮ‬Ƕ ҁЎ่ፕගрӧऍै຾ၳᓥᆘԢ‫ک‬᝵ᖄ‫ޑ‬ᚈख़ᓸΚΠǴύӅനࡕ ،‫ۓ‬рծϟΕᗬᏯǴЬӢࢂ୯ৎӼӄճ੻ǶύӅै٣ᏯౣӢᏯֽᙯᡂ Զ‫ׯ‬ᡂ‫ځ‬ᏯౣǺ߻යࢂȨ໔ௗၡጕȩᆶȨឱྐᏯȩǴࡕය߾ࢂȨ੃઻ ϭ .

(3) ᏯȩǶόፕࢂӧै٣Ꮿౣ‫ࢂ܈‬ѦҬᏯౣ΢Ǵವථࣽ‫ת‬ᄽϐ‫ف‬Յࢂӧङ ࡕࡰච‫ڐ‬ፓч٧‫ک‬ѳᝆǶ᝵ᖄ٬ύӅԋࣁȨೢҺ‫܍‬ᏼ‫ޣ‬ȩ (buck-catcher)Ǵҁ୯߾‫ת‬ᄽȨᚆ۞ѳᑽ‫ޣ‬ȩ(offshore balancer)‫فޑ‬ՅǶ ύӅ‫ک‬чᗬ٣٣೿ा೯ൔವථࣽǴҗವථࣽ଺рനࡕ،‫ˇۓ‬ջ٬ч٧ ‫ک‬ѳᝆ‫ٿ‬Б೿གྷଶᏯǴವථࣽϝ୲࡭όଶᏯǶᏯ‫ࡕݾ‬ය᝵ᖄࣁߺ১ऍ ୯‫ک‬ύӅჴΚǴЍ࡭ύӅុᏯǶ ᗬᏯଶᏯ‫ڐ‬᝼ϐᛝ࿿ࢂӢўၲ݅ѐШϐࡕǶವථࣽᇡࣁᏯ‫ݾ‬ӆᝩ ុԖཞ᝵ᖄ୯ৎճ੻ǴΏ೯‫ޕ‬ѳᝆ‫ک‬ч٧ԖᜢଶᏯ‫ޑ‬ှ،Бଞ‫ޑ‬฼ ౣǶᗬᏯ‫ڐ‬᝼‫ޑ‬ᛝ࿿୷ҁ΢ࢂӧವථࣽཥࡹ۬‫ޑ‬ሦᏤᆶፓଶϐΠǴч ٧‫ک‬ѳᝆനࡕᒥൻΑವථࣽ‫ࡰޑ‬ҢωଶᏯǶ ύ᝵‫ٿ‬೷ӧӅӕճ੻០٬ϐΠࣁଓ‫ঁ؃‬ձճ੻Ǵӧճ੻ፂँϐ໔ ൨‫؃‬ӝբճ੻Ƕ‫ٿ‬୯Ъ‫ܭ‬ᗬᏯϐύӚԾࣁ၀୯‫ޑ‬୯ৎճ੻๱གྷǴ࿉϶ ᜢ߯ѝࢂኩਔ‫ޑ‬Զߚ҉Φ‫ޑ‬Ƕ ᜢᗖӷǺ᝵ᖄǵύӅǵчᗬǵᗬᏯǵύ᝵ӕ࿉ǵ୯ৎճ੻ǵ୯ৎ Ӽӄࡹ฼. Ϯ .

(4) Abstract In this study, an attempt is made to clarify the interactions between the members of the international system during the Korean War in an interdisciplinary approach combining the International Relations and the Cold War International History. Based on the materials from opened archives in the former Soviet Union and Communist China, the considerations, objectives and national security strategies of the leaders are analyzed in the light of the rational decision-making model. The results show that although the leaders made their own judgments based on rational thinking, the outcome of the war is the armistice agreement demarcating the 38th parallel as the borderline between the two Koreas with minor changes; North and South Korea are still yet to be reunified, despite numerous soldiers and civilians losing their precious lives. The conclusion is as follows. China decided to send troops to intervene in the Korean War mainly due to national security interest to cope with the threat of the approaching US forces and the Soviet Union pressure. To cope with the varying war situation, China’s military strategy changed from the “war of annihilation” and the “indirect approach strategy” in the former phase, to the “strategy of exhaustion” in the later phase. Whether in the military or diplomatic field, Moscow played a commanding role and coordinated of Beijing and Pyongyang behind. Soviet Union made China the “buck-catcher”, meanwhile played the role as the “offshore balancer”. Soviet Union pushed for the continuation of the war to weaken the strength of United States, in spite of the reluctance of China and North Korea. It was after Joseph V. Stalin’s death than the Armistice Agreement was ϭ .

(5) finally signed. The signing of the agreement was essentially under the lead of the new leadership in Moscow. Both Soviet Union and China sought their own national interest during the Korean war. The SinoSoviet alliance was only temporary rather than permanent. Keywords: Soviet Union, Communist China, North Korea, Korean War, Sino-Soviet alliance, national interest, national security policy. Ϯ .

(6) གᖴᜏ ӧ౲ӭሡाགᖴ‫ޑ‬ΓϐύǴ२ӃǴགᖴ‫ך‬ལང‫ޑ‬ৱৣˇ஭٧‫ػ‬Դ ৣǶ஭Դৣᕴࢂ޸ࡐӭਔ໔ᆶ‫૸ך‬ፕፕЎ‫ޑ‬ኗቪ‫࣬ޑ‬ᜢϣ৒Ϸ၀‫ݙ‬ཀ ‫ޑ‬٣໨ǴЪಒЈ‫ޑ‬ᔅ‫ך‬ӭԛঅुፕЎࡰрᡄᒠόӝ‫܌‬ӧǶӧᏢಞቪፕ Ў‫ޑ‬ӕਔǴΨவ஭ԴৣೀᏢಞ‫ډ‬೚ӭ଺Γ଺٣‫ޑ‬ၰ౛Ǵჹ‫ך‬΋ғ‫ڙ‬Ҕ คጁǶ ‫ځ‬ԛǴགᖴ‫ٿ‬Տα၂‫ہ‬঩ˇ‫ܴ׵‬௲௤‫ک‬ሸपӓ௲௤ӧᖐՉα၂߻ ࡕ൳ԛჹ‫ך‬ፕЎቪբϣ৒‫҅ࡰޑ‬ᆶ‫ץ‬ຑǴ٠๏ϒ‫ך‬೚ӭᝊ຦ࡌ᝼ǶЀ ‫ځ‬གᖴ‫ܴ׵‬௲௤ჹ‫ךܭ‬ፕЎֹԋϐࡕ൳ԛ຤ЈӦ൳ԛঅ‫ׯ‬Ƕ നࡕǴགᖴࡹε௲௤ၸ‫ޑך‬ԴৣॺаϷ΋‫ޔ‬Ⴔᓰ‫ک‬Ѝ࡭‫ߏޑך‬ ፸ǵᒃང‫ޑ‬ৎΓ‫ॺ϶ܻک‬Ƕ. ϭ .

(7) Ҟ Ҟ. ᒵ. ᒵ......................................................................................................... i. კҞᒵ....................................................................................................... iii ߄Ҟᒵ....................................................................................................... iii ಃ΋ക ᆣፕ...............................................................................................1 ߻‫ ق‬......................................................................................................1 ಃ΋࿯ ࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒᆶҞ‫ޑ‬....................................................................4 ಃΒ࿯ ࣴ‫ز‬ጄൎᆶज़‫ڋ‬....................................................................7 ಃΟ࿯ ࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ᆶ೼৩....................................................................7 ಃѤ࿯ Ў᝘ӣ៝..............................................................................12 ಃϖ࿯ ፕЎࢎᄬ..............................................................................23 ಃΒക ᗬᏯ‫ޑ‬ङඳ ................................................................................24 ಃ΋࿯ Ꮿࡕ‫ޑ‬୯ሞ௃༈..................................................................24 ಃΒ࿯ Ꮿࡕ‫ޑ‬ύ᝵௃༈..................................................................33 ಃΟ࿯ ᗬъ৞‫ޑ‬ϩ຋ᆶऍ᝵Ӆᆅ .................................................38 ಃѤ࿯ ‫ٿ‬ᗬै໗‫ޑ‬ബ೛ᆶᏯ‫ྗݾ‬ഢ .............................................44 ಃΟക ᗬᏯ߻ࡕϐ᝵ᖄ୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼Եໆ ........................................56 ಃ΋࿯ ᝵ᖄჹѦࡹ฼ᆶै٣Ꮿౣ .................................................56 ಃΒ࿯ ᗬᏯᛈวᆶ᝵ᖄჹ୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼‫ޑ‬Եໆ .........................69. i.

(8) ಃΟ࿯ ԾύӅрծυႣԿᛝ࿿ଶᏯ‫ڐ‬᝼ .....................................91 ಃѤക ᗬᏯ߻ࡕϐύӅ୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼Եໆ ........................................99 ಃ΋࿯ ύӅჹѦࡹ฼ᆶै٣Ꮿౣ .................................................99 ಃΒ࿯ ᗬᏯᛈวᆶύӅჹ୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼‫ޑ‬Եໆ ....................... 114 ಃΟ࿯ ԾύӅрծυႣԿᛝ࿿ଶᏯ‫ڐ‬᝼ ...................................138 ಃϖക а୯ሞᜢ߯౛ፕКၨ᝵ύϐ୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼ ..........................156 ಃ΋࿯ ୯ሞᡏ‫س‬ǵ୯ϣᕉნǵ،฼‫ޣ‬ቫԛϐКၨ ...................156 ಃΒ࿯ ୯ৎҞ኱ᆶ୯ৎჴΚϐКၨ ...........................................161 ಃΟ࿯ ѦҬࡹ฼‫ڗޑ‬ӛᆶ୯ৎ‫ف‬ՅϐКၨ ...............................167 ಃѤ࿯ ୯ৎӼӄᆶѦҬᏯౣϐКၨ ...........................................171 ಃϤക ่ፕ...........................................................................................176 ቻЇЎ᝘.................................................................................................194. ii.

(9) კҞᒵ! კҞᒵ! კ 1 ୯ሞᜢ߯ϩ‫݋‬ቫԛ‫ޑ‬Кၨ ...............................................................9 კ 2 ‫ٿ‬୯໔ѦҬՉࣁ ...............................................................................9 კ 3 ӭ୯໔ѦҬՉࣁ .............................................................................10 კ 4 ᗬъ৞‫ޑ‬Ꮿౣཀက .........................................................................40. ߄Ҟᒵ ߄ 1 ӚᏢࢴख़ाж߄‫܄‬Ꮲ‫ޣ‬ᆶፕᗺ .....................................................20 ߄ 2 ᗬᏯวғ߻‫ٿ‬ᗬ୯Κཷ‫ ݩ‬.............................................................47. iii.

(10) ಃ΋ക ᆣፕ ߻‫ق‬ ಃ΋ԛШࣚεᏯЇଆ୯ሞ‫཮ޗ‬ϩ຋ǴӕਔΨ٬ளΓॺჹᏯ‫ޑݾ‬ઇ ᚯཱུࣁϸགǴ྽ਔΓॺදၹᇡࣁࢂ֡༈ࡹ‫ݯ‬ᏤठԜ൑Ꮿ‫ݾ‬ǶಃΒԛШ ࣚεᏯ‫ޑ‬ԝΫΓኧεऊӧΟίϖԭ࿤‫ډ‬ϖί࿤Γϐ໔Ǵԝ໾ຬၸΑᐕ ў΢ҺՖ΋൑Ꮿ‫ݾ‬ǴԶΓॺᇡࣁ೭ԛ‫ޑ‬Ꮿ‫ࢂݾ‬Ӣ໣ᡏӼӄ‫ޑࡋڋ‬Ѩ௳ ‫܌‬Ꮴठ‫ޑ‬Ƕ ΒΜШइ္߻ъය္ࢂ‫ٿ‬൑εᏯǴࡕъයࢂհᏯǶհᏯᡣ೚ӭΓ ΋‫ޔ‬Ⴃ਑Ǵჹ‫ޑל‬ऍ᝵‫ٿ‬୯΋‫཮ۓ‬ӆࡋวғै٣ፂँǶฅԶǴհᏯ‫ޑ‬ Ꮿ‫ݾ‬೿ࢂֽ೽‫ޑ܄‬Ԗज़Ꮿ‫ݾ‬ǴԶॶளుࡘ‫ࢂޑ‬ऍ᝵ϐ໔٠ؒԖวғ‫ޔ‬ ௗ‫ैޑ‬٣ჹ‫ל‬Ƕ 1947 ԃ‫ ډ‬1963 ԃࢂհᏯ‫ޑ‬ଯঢ়යǴᗬᏯ൩ࢂӧ 1950 ԃᛈว‫ޑ‬Ƕ ӧΒᏯ೭ኬཞѨᄐख़ǵΓኧԝ໾౲ӭǴനࡕᗋࢂаό۩‫׫‬ᘊ‫ٿ‬ᗭচη ቸӧߏ஘ǵቶ৞ωளа่‫ޑ״‬Ꮿ‫္ݾ‬Ǵࡪ౛ᇥǴ‫ॺך‬ᔈ၀வ΋Ꮿ‫ک‬Β Ꮿ‫ٿޑ‬൑Ꮿ‫ݾ‬ύᏢಞ٠ॷ᠙೚ӭ࿶ᡍǴᕕှᆢ࡭‫ک‬ѳ‫ޑ‬ख़ा‫܄‬Ƕ ΒᏯࡕό‫ډ‬൳ԃ‫ޑ‬ਔ໔္Ǵа٥ࢪ‫ޑ‬ᗬъ৞ࣁ൞ϟǴᛈวΑᗬ ᏯǶᗬᏯբࣁ‫܌‬ᒏհᏯ္‫ޑ‬዗ᏯǴаϷৡᗺ൩ЇวಃΟԛШࣚεᏯϐ २ԛ‫ޑ‬Ԗज़Ꮿ‫ݾ‬ǶᗬᏯᛈว‫ޑ‬ङඳࣁՖ‫ګ‬ǻ ऍ୯‫ܭ‬ΒᏯ่‫߻״‬Ԗག‫ܭ‬ύ୯ӧӅӕჹ‫ືל‬Ј୯‫ޑ‬ଅ᝘Ǵঀ᝼ቲ ନόѳ฻చऊǴ٠ጌ่ѳ฻ཥऊаှନύ୯‫״ޑ‬ᑛǶᛥථᅽ(Franklin D. Roosevelt)Ψ஌ఈᏯࡕ‫ޑ‬ύ୯ૈӧᖄӝ୯‫ࢎޑ‬ᄬΠǴԋࣁᆢៈ୯ሞ ‫ک‬ѳ‫ޑ‬ύ୲Κໆϐ΋ǶԿ‫׹‬Ꮉߐ(Harry S. Truman)ᝩҺǴШࣚ௃༈ᆶ ύ୯ࡹ௃ӕਔᖿ‫ܭ‬ፄᚇǶ୯ሞֽ༈ӧ໡ᅟၲᡏ‫ڋ‬ቹៜϐΠǴ᝵ᖄӧܿ. 1.

(11) ኻԋҥӚঁፁࢃ୯ǴЪᑈཱུӛࠄኻᘉ஭Ƕᒿ๱᝵ᖄӧܿኻ‫ޑ‬ቹៜΚᆶ ВॿቚǴऍ୯୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼߾ࢂрѠΑ‫ڋ׭‬ჹ᝵ᖄᘉ஭Ьကགྷ‫ޑݤ‬ൎ ୹ࡹ฼(Policy of Containment)Ƕ1 ‫׹‬Ꮉߐᇡࣁύ୯ӧ 1949 ԃۭε༈ς‫ۓ‬ǴύӅջஒᕇளύ୯ࡹ ៾Ǵࣁှ،ჹ๮ࡹ฼‫ޑ‬ష໶Ǵ1950 ԃ 1 Д 5 Вว߄҅Ԅᖂܴჹ୯۬ ‫ޑ‬҂ٰ௦‫ڗ‬೑Ћ਒ᢀ‫ޑ‬Ȩლষပ‫ۓ‬ȩ(patterns in the dust)2ࡹ฼Ǵᑈཱུ ൨‫؃‬ᆶύӅҬӳ‫ޑ‬ᐒ཮Ƕύ୯ϣ೽߾୯ӅϣᏯᐟਗ਼Ǵҗ‫ܭ‬ଭྂᅟ (George C. Marshall)‫ޑ‬ፓೀѨ௳Ǵ୯۬ಖ‫ܭ‬ଏӺѠ᡼Ƕ3 ύӅ߾ࢂӧ 1949 ԃ 6 ДቅϿ‫ڻ‬ೖ᝵ϐࡕ࠹թख़ाϐӛ᝵Ȩ΋ᜐॹȩ ࡹ฼Ǵ4٠ӧ 1949 ԃ 10 Д࠹թࡌ୯Ƕ‫׳‬ௗ๱ӧ 1949 ԃۭ‫ ډ‬1950 ԃ ߃Лᐛܿೖ᝵٠ᆶўၲ݅(Joseph V. Stalin)ᛝुΑཥ‫ޑ‬ύ᝵ӕ࿉Ƕ ऍ୯ӧ 1950 ԃ 1 ДᙯᡂΑჹ๮ࡹ฼Ǵ୯୍ঙՆ‫ڻ‬ᇽ(Dean G. Acheson)ӧ 1950 ԃ 1 Д 10 Ϸ 11 Вϩձӧୖ᝼ଣѦҬᜢ߯‫ہ‬঩཮ᆶ 1. Grorge Kennan २ӃӧߏၲΖίӷ‫ߏޑ‬ႝൔύගрൎ୹ᏯౣϐᄬགྷǴ‫ځ‬ӧѦҬДт΢ว߄‫ޑ‬Ў കёᇥࢂ൚‫ۓ‬ൎ୹Ꮿౣϐ୷ҡǶՠӧ Roymond Aron ӣᏫᒵ္߾ග‫ ډ‬Grorge Kennan ჹ‫ځ‬ග‫ډ‬΋ ‫ࣁޔ‬ගрൎ୹Ꮿౣፕᗺϐቹៜ‫܌‬ଓ৷Ƕ‫ـ‬Ǻླྀ઒ф฻᝿ǴႜᆾɄߓໜ(Roymond Aron)๱ǴȠႜ ᆾɄߓໜӣᏫᒵǺϖΜԃ‫ݯࡹޑ‬ϸࡘȡ(Mémoires. 50 ans de réflexion politique)Ǵч٧Ǻཥࢃр ‫ޗހ‬Ǵ2006 ԃǴ। 209Ƕќᜢ‫ܭ‬հᏯύऍ୯ӵՖрѠൎ୹Ꮿౣ‫ޑ‬ϩ‫݋‬Ǵёୖ‫ـ‬ǺErnest R. May, American Cold War Strategy Interpreting NSC 68 (Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 1993)ǹ஭ᔛӀǴ. Ƞऍ୯ၷ‫ڋ‬ᏯౣᆶհᏯଆྍӆ௖ȡǴ΢ੇǺ΢ੇѦᇟ௲‫ػ‬р‫ޗހ‬Ǵ2007 ԃǶ 2. ऍ୯୯୍ঙՆ‫ڻ‬ᇽ‫ ܭ‬1949 ԃ 2 Д 24 Вௗ‫ـ‬୯཮᝼঩Ǵӧ೏ୢ‫ډ‬ჹύ୯ஒ௦‫ڗ‬Ֆᅿ฼ౣਔǴՆ ‫ڻ‬ᇽӣเǺȨ྽හ݅ύ΋සεᐋॹΠٰϐਔǴନߚლষပ‫ۓ‬ǴؒԖΓૈ୼࣮మཱ཮೷ԋࣗሶ໾ ্ǶȩԾԜϐࡕǴȨლষပ‫ۓ‬ȩࡹ฼߾೏ᇡࣁࢂ‫׹‬Ꮉߐ‫ޑ‬ჹύࡹ฼Ƕᜢ‫ܭ‬၁ಒှញԜࡹ฼Ǵё ‫ ـ‬ঞ ऐ Ј (Nancy B. Tucker) ‫ ޑ‬஑ ๱ Ǻ Nancy Bernkopf Tucker, Patterns in the Dust: Chinese-American Relations and Recognition Controversy, 1949-1950 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1983).. 3 4. ‫ܴ׵‬ǴȤᗬᏯ߻ࡕ‫ޑ‬ऍ୯ჹ๮ࡹ฼ȥǴȠ୯ሞᜢ߯ᏢൔȡǴ2007 ԃǴಃ 1 යǴ। 57-90Ƕ ȤፕΓ҇҇Ь஑ࡹ इ‫ۺ‬ύ୯ӅౢលΒΜΖຼԃȥǴȠΓ҇ВൔȡǴ1949 ԃ 7 Д 1 ВǴಃ΋‫ހ‬Ƕ. 2.

(12) ౲᝼ଣѦҬ٣୍‫ہ‬঩཮բϦ໒ൔ֋Ǵ1950 ԃ 1 Д 12 ВΞว߄Ϧ໒ᄽ ᖱǴ࠹Ңऍ୯ӧ٥ࢪ‫ޑ‬ٛፁጕጄൎчଆߓ੮ҙဂ৞ǴԿВҁǵؑᛣǴ ࠄΠ‫ډ‬๷ࡓᇯဂ৞ǴౣၸࠄᗬǶ5 ߎВԋ(Kim Il Sung)߾ࢂўၲ݅ӧΒᏯࡕऍ᝵ϩ‫ݯ‬ᗬъ৞ਔǴ‫܌‬ ࡷᒧрٰ‫ޑ‬чᗬሦᏤΓǶ1949 ԃ 2 ДǴߎВԋೖ᝵Ǵा‫؃‬ವථࣽ঑ ೚಍΋઒୯‫ैޑ‬٣ीฝǶўၲ݅ࣁᗉխᆶऍ୯҅य़ፂँǴ‫ ډޔ‬1949 ԃۭ೿҂ӕཀߎВԋ‫ޑ‬ा‫؃‬Ƕ ฅԶ߻ॊՆ‫ڻ‬ᇽ‫ޑ‬Ϧ໒࠹‫ق‬Ǵࠅᡣವථࣽ‫ک‬ѳᝆှ᠐ԋ‫ע‬ඝਔᐒ ಍΋ᗬъ৞‫ޑ‬ᐒ཮ǶߎВԋಖ‫ܭ‬ӧ 1950 ԃ߃Ǵள‫ډ‬΋‫؃׆ޔ‬᝵ᖄૈ ໒‫ޑܫ‬ȨᆘᐩȩǶ6 1950 ԃ 6 Д 25 В₄ఃǴчᗬै໗ँฅว୏ࠄ຾ǴຫၸΑऍ᝵‫ڐ‬ ᝼‫ ޑ‬38 ࡋጕǴว୏ᗬᏯǶᗬᏯ‫ޑ‬ཀကӧ‫ܭ‬Ǻಃ΋ǵҗֻᢀ‫ٰࡋفޑ‬ ࣮Ǵ٣ჴ΢ࢂԾΒᏯϐࡕऍ᝵ӧᗬъ৞Ⴤϩ༈Κ୮‫࣬ޑ‬ϕ‫ف‬Κǵ಍΋ ᗬъ৞୯ৎࡰᏤ៾ᆶᗬъ৞ϣ೽‫ঁٿ‬ჹҥ‫ࠄޑ‬чࡹ۬ᅿᅿҬᙃԶԋ ϐ΋൑‫ޑࠠڂ‬Ȩ୯ሞࠠϣᏯȩ7ǶಃΒǵᗬᏯ‫ޑ‬੝ਸϐೀǴӕਔΨࢂ բࣁ΋൑‫ֽޑࠠڂ‬೽‫܄‬Ꮿ‫ݾ‬ǴؒԖᘉεԋ΋Ꮿ‫ޣ܈‬ΒᏯ‫ޑ‬ᕴᡏᏯǶಃ ΟǵᗬᏯόՠࢂࠄчᗬ‫ޑ‬ϣᏯǴӕਔΨࢂ೷ԋऍ୯‫ک‬ύӅ‫ޔ‬ௗჹࡃ‫ޑ‬ ΋൑Ꮿ‫ݾ‬Ƕ ᗬᏯӧ 1953 ԃ 7 Д 27 Вᛝ࿿ଶᏯ‫ۓڐ‬Ǵᕴी࡭ុΟԃѰѓ‫ޑ‬Ꮿ 5. ஭ల໡ǴȠᗬᏯ௱Ѡ᡼?Ǻ ှ᠐ऍ୯ჹѠࡹ฼ȡǴѠчǺፁࠤр‫ޗހ‬Ǵ2011 ԃǴ। 54-64Ƕ. 6. চЎ“Green Light”ǴӵհᏯў๱ӜᏢ‫ ޣ‬John Lewis Gaddis ൩٬ҔԜ‫׎‬৒Ƕ၁‫ ـ‬John Lewis Gaddis, The Cold War: A New History (New York: The Penguin Press, 2005), pp. 40-46Ƕ. 7. ‫ه‬ЕֹᅟጓǴȠරᗲ䧝㜋―Ҷ䧝 50 ‫ڬ‬ԃ喘㴵ຓ嘘ъ৞喘㚵喒Ѧ啵喳ȡǴܿ٧Ǻቼᔈကმε䗄 р‫ހ‬㜘Ǵ2003 ԃǴ߻‫ق‬Ƕ‫ه‬ЕֹᅟගрᗬᏯ࣬՟ΒΜШइ‫ޑ‬Ջ੤УϣᏯǴ೿ࢂ΋ᅿ‫ࠠڂ‬୯ሞ ࠠϣᏯǶӧՋ੤УϣᏯύǴϸ‫ݤ‬Ջථ‫ޑ‬Γ҇ତጕ‫ک‬Ӆ‫۬ࡹک‬Ԗ᝵ᖄ‫ک‬ᏀՋঢ‫ޑ‬ජշǴԶՕਟ ঢ‫ޑ‬୯҇ै߾Ԗયᆐቺ୯ǵကεճЦ୯‫ک‬ဟ๻У‫ޑ‬Ѝ࡭ǴԶᏯ൑ΨԋࣁΑε୯ծᏔ‫ޑ‬၂൑Ƕ. 3.

(13) ‫ݾ‬ԿϞۘ҂ᛝ࿿‫ک‬ѳ‫ڐ‬ऊǶջ٬հᏯς࿶่‫״‬Ǵϝฅ࡭ុჹᗬъ৞೷ ԋቹៜᆶ໾্ǶᗬᏯ‫ډޔ‬౜Ϟ٩ᙑࢂ୯ሞࡹ‫ݯ‬ว৖‫ޑ‬΋ঁख़ाٚำ ࿞ǶᗬᏯ໒ᏯǴനख़ा‫ޑ‬Ӣનӧ‫ߎܭ‬Вԋటа‫ݓ‬Κ‫ޑ‬БԄ಍΋ᗬъ ৞ǴԜ΋Չ୏༈Ѹ཮౐ੋ‫ډ‬ᎃ߈୯ৎ‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄǶࡺчᗬѸ໪ाள‫ډ‬ ᝵ᖄǵύӅჹ‫ܭ‬໒Ꮿ‫ޑޑ‬ӕཀ‫܈‬ᓨ೚ωளаՉ୏ǶӢԜǴࣴ‫ز‬᝵ᖄᆶ ύӅ୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼ӧᗬᏯύ‫فޑ‬ՅǴΏࢂҁፕЎ‫زࣴޑ‬ਡЈǶ. ಃ΋࿯ ࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒᆶҞ‫ޑ‬ ΋ǵࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒ ᐕўᏢ‫ޣ‬Цමωஒ୯ሞў(International History)‫ۓ‬ကࣁȨ΋ᅿ‫ע‬୯ ሞᜢ߯‫܈‬ၨࣁ੟ઞ‫ޑ‬ѦҬᜢ߯‫ޑ‬ว৖Ǵ‫ܫ‬ӧᐕўङඳ‫ٰ๎ેޑ‬ଓ൨Ƕ Ԝࢂ΋ᅿၨ‫ڀ‬ుࡋ‫کޑ‬Ꮲೌ‫زࣴޑ܄‬Ǵᆶ΋૓‫ޑ‬Ȩਔ٣ϩ‫݋‬ȩӧቶࡋ ᆶుࡋ΢Ԗ‫܌‬όӕȩǶ8 ᗬᏯࣴ‫ز‬΢Ǵཥ߈ϐհᏯ୯ሞў(Cold War International History) ᏢࢴճҔε‫ޑץ‬᝵ᖄᔞਢှஏᆶύӅഌុ໒‫ܫ‬ᔞਢჹᗬᏯ‫׳زࣴޑ‬ ௗ߈ᐕў੿࣬‫ޑ‬၍ញǶՠόፕࢂհᏯ୯ሞўᏢ‫زࣴޑޣ‬ԋ݀‫ޔࢂ܈‬ௗ ٬ҔѦҬЎ᝘ϐ୯ሞᜢ߯ўᏢ‫ޣ‬೿Ԗ‫߳ځ‬ज़‫܄‬Ƕ ൩ӵᏢ‫ޣ‬஭ᔛӀ‫܌‬ᇥǴӵՖஒհᏯ୯ሞў‫ک‬୯ሞᜢ߯౛ፕ่ӝ଺ ࣁၠሦୱ‫ڂزࣴޑ‬ጄǴό໻ࢂჹࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ޑݤ‬΋ᅿཥࡷᏯǴҭૈࣁύ୯ ୯ሞᜢ߯౛ፕ଺рଅ᝘Ƕ9‫ٯ‬ӵՋБࣴ‫ز‬հᏯङඳ‫ޑ‬Ꮲ‫ޣ‬εӭԖ୯ሞ ᜢ߯ўᏢࣴ‫ޑز‬ङඳǴऍ୯Ꮲ‫ ޣ‬John Lewis Gaddis ൩ࣁհᏯўࣴ‫ز‬ ‫ޑ‬εৣǶ 8. ЦමωǴȠ୯ሞўཷፕȡǴѠчǺΟ҇ਜֽǴ2008 ԃǴ௶ፕǶ. 9. ஭ᔛӀࣁ‫ޕ‬Ӝ‫ޑ‬୯ሞհᏯўࣴ‫ز‬Ꮲ‫ޣ‬Ǵ‫ځ‬ჹԜၠሦୱࣴ‫ز‬Ԗ࣬ᜢፕॊǴ‫ـ‬Ǻ஭ᔛӀǴȤհᏯ୯ ሞўᆶ୯ሞᜢ߯౛ፕ‫ޑ‬᜘ௗȥǴȠШࣚ࿶ᔮᆶࡹ‫ݯ‬ȡǴ2007 ԃǴಃ 2 යǴ। 7-14Ƕ. 4.

(14) ҁࣴ‫ز‬ջࣁ჋၂่ӝ୯ሞᜢ߯ᆶհᏯ୯ሞў‫ٿ‬Ꮲߐϐၠሦୱࣴ ‫ز‬ǴᙖаዂమᗬᏯύ୯ሞᡏ‫س‬ԋ঩‫ޑ‬ϕ୏ჹᗬᏯҁ‫܌ي‬೷ԋ‫ޑ‬ቹៜǶ. Βǵୢᚒཀ᛽ ύӅрծୖᆶᗬᏯǴࢂցᔈ၀ᏼॄଆᏯ‫ݾ‬ೢҺǴࢂ΋ঁ࣬྽ε‫ޑ‬ ᅪᗺǶύӅࣁȨ೏্‫ޣ‬ȩ‫܈׭‬Ȩу্‫ޣ‬ȩ‫ޑ‬ҥ൑ǴΨࢂ΋ঁ࣬྽ख़ा ‫ޑ‬ᜢᗖϐೀǶ ऩࢂύӅόрծǴԖᖄӝ୯ै࣬շ‫ࠄޑ‬ᗬǴόՠၠၸΑऍ᝵চҁ ϩࣚ‫ ޑ‬38 ࡋጕǴҭԖёૈၠၸᓥᆘԢǶ྽ਔύӅখখ‫ڗ‬ளΑύ୯ε ഌࡹ៾ǴӧհᏯύ‫ޑ‬୯ሞᕉნǴࢂӵՖቹៜύӅሦᏤΓЛᐛܿ‫ܭ‬୯ϣ ࡌ೛ۘ҂ֹԋǵѠ᡼ǵՋᙒୢᚒۘ҂ှ،ϐ߻Ǵ،‫ۓ‬Ѹ໪рծϟΕᗬ ᏯˇȨ‫ל‬ऍජරȩǴ೭Ψࢂ΋ঁ࣬྽ε‫ޑ‬ᅪୢǶ ჹύӅࡌࡹϐ߃Ǵ‫ځ‬୯ৎӼӄᢀࢂӵՖቹៜ‫ځ‬୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼Ǵࢂ ࣬྽Ԗሡाख़ཥуа௖‫ޑ݋‬Ƕҗ‫ܭ‬ᗬᏯ٬հᏯӄౚϯǴቹៜుᇻǴᙖ җᗬᏯٰϩ‫݋‬᝵ύሦᏤΓࢂӵՖӧ୯ৎᏯౣ΢‫ۓڋ‬р୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼ ѐೀ౛ᗬъ৞‫ޑ‬ୢᚒǴ٠уаКၨǴ฽‫ޣ‬ᇡࣁు‫ڀ‬ཀကǶ നࡕǴᕴ่߻ॊङඳǴऍ᝵‫ٿ‬ତᔼӚԖ‫ځ‬όӕ‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄᢀԶ‫׎‬ ༟Αόӕ‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼ǶԶ᝵ᖄ‫ک‬ऍ୯ࣁΑᆢៈ၀୯‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄᆶ Կଯค΢‫ޑ‬୯ৎғӸ‫ۓڋ‬Α୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼Ǵࢂց൩੿ӵচٰ‫ޑ‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ё аᗉխᏯ‫ګݾ‬ǻ่݀ࢂց‫ޑۓ‬Ƕ ऍ᝵ೀ‫ܭ‬հᏯ‫ޑ‬୯ሞֽ༈ᜢ߯ቹៜϐΠǴ᝵ᖄ‫ک‬ύӅ‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄ ᢀӵՖ‫׎‬༟‫ځ‬Ӽӄࡹ฼ǴЛᐛܿΞࢂӵՖ଺рୖᏯ‫ޑ‬،‫ۓ‬ǴаϷനख़ ा‫ޑ‬ύ᝵ϐ໔όՠԖҟ࣯ǵԖፂँ‫ޑ‬ճ্ᜢ߯ǴΞӢӅӕճ੻Զӝբ Զౢғ‫ޑ‬Ȩόዴ‫ޑۓ‬უՔȩᜢ߯฻฻೿ࢂ࣬྽ॶள௖૸‫ޑ‬ୢᚒᗺǶ. 5.

(15) ᗬᏯᛈวς࿶ࢂϤΜᎩԃ߻‫ޑ‬٣௃Ǵჹ‫ځ‬຾Չࣴ‫ޑز‬Ꮲ‫ޣ‬౲ӭǶ ӧᇆ໣ၗ਑ϐ߃Ǵ฽‫ޣ‬Ԗ೚ӭᅪୢǴ‫ډޔ‬౜ϞǴᏢࣚϝ҂૸ፕ၁ᅰǶ ‫ٯ‬ӵǴරᗲࠄчϩ‫ࢂݯ‬ऍ᝵‫ ܭ‬1945 ԃࡌҥ‫ޑ‬Ǵ᝵ᖄՖаӧ 1950 ԃߦԋ‫܈‬ӕཀ‫ځ‬Ҕ‫ݓ‬Κ‫ׯ‬ᡂǻύӅӧԜ΋‫ׯ‬ᡂύࢂց‫ת‬ᄽΑҺՖ‫ف‬ ՅǻᆶѬॺ‫ޑ‬ӼӄᢀᆶӼӄࡹ฼ࢂցԖᜢᖄǻߎВԋ،‫߻ߟࠄۓ‬ᆶ ವථࣽϷч٧‫ޑ‬ዲ୘ၸำࣁՖǻӵ҂‫ڗ‬ளವථࣽᆶч٧‫ޑ‬Ѝ࡭‫܈‬ᇡ ёǴߎࢂցϝТय़Չϐǻವථࣽᆶч٧ϐЍ࡭‫܈‬ᝀߔ‫୷ځ‬ҁԵቾࣁ Ֆǻ‫ٿ‬୯‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄճ੻ࢂց΋ठǻ ‫ٿ‬ᗬᏯ‫ݾ‬຾ՉਔǴѳᝆǵವථࣽǵч٧ࢂӵՖຑ՗‫ځ‬ёૈว৖ǻ ࢂցᎄख़ԵቾၸऍैϟΕёૈ‫܄‬Ϸ‫ځ‬ёૈࡕ‫؁‬ǻऍैϟΕࡕǴವථࣽ ᆶч٧௦‫ڗ‬ՖᅿᄊࡋᆶӢᔈ௛ࡼǻࣁՖύӅஒ‫ځ‬ຎࣁख़ε࠶ુԶ฼ ‫ैۓ‬٣ӣᔈǻऍैч຾Ǵ՞ሦѳᝆǵ຾‫ܢ‬ᓥᆘԢᜐਔǴವථࣽᆶч٧ ӚԖՖόӕϸᔈǻᚈБӧӼӄࡹ฼΢ԖՖᅿ‫ڐ‬ፓᆶҟ࣯ǻբࣁᏱԖ ਡ‫ݓ‬ǴΦҺ२ሦ‫ޑ‬ўၲ݅ᆶ‫ة‬ᕇയճǴॠ‫ۘڮ‬҂ֹԋ‫ޑ‬ཥሦᏤΓ‫ޑ‬Л ᐛܿӧ،฼ၸำǴ،฼‫ݗ‬ൎᆶ،฼॥਱΢ԖՖόӕǻ ऍ୯ӧύӅ୏‫ݓ‬ϟΕ߻ჹ‫ל‬ϐವථࣽᆶч٧Οᜐ‫ת‬ᄽ‫فޑ‬Յӵ Ֆղ‫ۓ‬ǻ௦‫ڗ‬ՖᅿѸा‫ޑ‬ᔈᡂ௛ࡼǻᗬᏯᛈวǴऍैϟΕǴύӅȨජ රȩǴ᝵ᖄ‫ת‬ᄽჿࡕ‫ف‬ՅǴჹ᝵ᖄ‫ک‬ύӅ୯ৎӼӄϷࡕٰ୯ৎӼӄ‫ޑ‬ ࡹ฼Ӛ‫ڀ‬ՖᅿቹៜǻӵԜᅿᅿᅪୢǴ೿ॶள၁ᅰ௖૸Ƕ. Οǵࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ հᏯϝࢂᏢೌࣚ‫زࣴޑ‬ਡЈϐ΋Ǵ౜ӧ୯ሞᏢ‫ޣ‬ճҔӭ‫ࡋف‬ǵӭ Бय़‫ޑ‬Ӛ୯ှஏᔞਢٰϩ‫݋‬հᏯ٣ҹ‫ޑ‬วғǶᗨฅᗬᏯࣴ‫ز‬ς࿶‫ڀ‬Ԗ ӭԃ‫زࣴޑ‬ԋ݀ǴЀ‫ࢂځ‬ӧύ᝵ᜢ߯΢Ǵύ᝵Ꮲ‫ޣ‬ӚԖԵໆԶӚᇥӚ ၉Ƕ. 6.

(16) Ѡ᡼ࣴ‫ز‬ᗬᏯ٠ᙖҗ୯ሞᜢ߯౛ፕᆶհᏯўࣴ‫ز‬ϐ‫ٿ‬Ꮲߐၠሦ ୱࣴ‫ޑز‬ཥғжࣴ‫ۘޣز‬ӧଆ‫؁‬Ƕ฽‫ޣ‬ஒ჋၂аѠ᡼ࣴ‫ࡋفޑޣز‬ჹ ύ᝵ᜢ߯ӧᗬᏯ‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼଺рϩ‫݋‬ᆶ௖૸Ǵ٬ҁፕЎளаගр ፕЎଅ᝘Ƕ. ಃΒ࿯ ࣴ‫ز‬ጄൎᆶज़‫ڋ‬ २Ӄӧࣴ‫ز‬ၗ਑Бय़ǺԾ 1990 ԃհᏯಖ่ϐࡕǴ᝵ᖄǵচҁӧ ᙑ᝵ᖄύ‫ޑ‬୯ৎϷύ୯εഌᔞਢၗ਑‫ޑ‬ഌុ໒‫ܫ‬ǴჹᗬᏯࣴ‫ز‬ёᇥԖ Αཥ‫ँޑ‬ઇǶЀ‫ࢂځ‬๮۬ඵ৤࠶ᅟᇽ୯ሞᏢ‫ޣ‬ύЈ(Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars)ϣ ‫ޑ‬հ Ꮿ୯ሞў ໨ҞȜCold War International History Project (CWIHP)ȝჹ‫ܭ‬ӅౢЬကତᔼ‫ޑ‬ᡉ๱ࣴ‫ز‬ ԋ݀ǴӧᗬᏯ‫زࣴޑ‬Бय़Ǵคன࿼ᅪςԖε൯຾৖Ƕ ࣴ‫ز‬ज़‫߾ڋ‬ӧ‫ܭ‬ΟБय़Ǻಃ΋Ǵᙑ᝵ᖄᔞਢӢ߮ᛥථ‫ޑ‬ԋҥǴၨ ϐ߻‫ڗ‬ளၗ਑όܰǶಃΒǴ‫ڙ‬ज़‫ܭ‬ύӅࡹ‫ݯ‬ӢનǶಃΟǴ฽‫ۘޣ‬҂Ԗ ‫ૈ୼ى‬Κှ᠐߮ЎЎ᝘Ƕ‫ڙ‬೭٤ज़‫ࠞ܌ڋ‬Ǵค‫ݤ‬ஒԜࣴ‫଺ز‬ள‫ܴࣁ׳‬ ዴϷుΕǶ. ಃΟ࿯ ࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ᆶ೼৩ ࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ᆶ೼৩ வ٣ҺՖᏢೌࣴ‫ز‬ǴѸ໪ᖱ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ǴԶҺ΋ᅿᏢೌࣴ‫ز‬Ǵόа௦ Ҕ΋ᅿࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ࣁݤ‬ᅈ‫ى‬ǶҁፕЎ‫زࣴޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬Ьाࢂ୯ሞࡹ‫ݯ‬Ꮲ໺಍‫ޑ‬ ϩ‫݋‬Б‫ݤ‬Ǵջᐕўࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ٰݤ‬ᘉк౛ፕǴᐕўࣴ‫ز‬೼৩‫܌‬ᜢЈ‫ࢂޑ‬ᢀ ჸࣴ‫ز‬΋ঁ‫ޑۓڰ‬ਔ໔ϣම࿶วғ੝ਸ٣ҹ‫ޑ‬໩‫ׇ‬ǴЪᔠຎ٣ҹӵՖ วғϷࣁՖวғ‫ޑ‬চӢǴ٠όႣෳ‫ځ‬วғ‫܈ޑ‬ฅ౗Ƕ ΋૓Զ‫ق‬Ǵ୯ሞࡹ‫ޑݯ‬ϩ‫݋‬Б‫ݤ‬Ǵёϩࣁ‫ܜ‬ຝ‫ک܄‬ຬ‫ڀ‬ᡏ‫ٿ܄‬ ᅿǴ߻‫ޣ‬൩୯ሞࡹ‫ݯ‬ύ‫܌‬วғ‫ޑ‬ऩυୢᚒǴа΋ᅿၗ਑ٰೀ౛Ǵฅࡕ. 7.

(17) ൨‫؃‬ፏ૓ᜪ՟Ϸёૈ‫ޑ‬ኳࠠǴ௖‫ز‬ѦҬࡹ฼،‫ࠠޑۓ‬ᄊǴࡕ‫߾ޣ‬аᐕ ў‫ޑ܄‬ௗ߈‫ݤ‬ҙፕǴ௦ҔᆶѦҬў൳Я࣬ӕ‫ޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬ǶҁፕЎ‫زࣴޑ‬Б ‫ݤ‬Ǵନ΢ॊᐕў‫زࣴޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬ѦǴ٠ᆕӝ௦ҔӚᅿ፾Ϫ‫زࣴޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬Ǵ‫ڗ‬ ߏံอǴିӕ΋ठǴ‫׆‬ఈᕇளႣය‫ޑ‬ਏ݀Ƕ ҁ Ў ନ ௦ Ҕ ௶ ॊ ‫( ݤ‬descriptive study) Ǵ Ў ᝘ ϩ ‫( ݤ ݋‬relational study)ǴКၨ‫(ݤ‬comparison)฻БԄǴќѦǴҁЎ‫زࣴޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬ਡЈࢂ٬ Ҕ୯ሞᜢ߯ϐቫԛϩ‫زࣴ݋‬Б‫(ݤ‬the level of analysis)ǴаයճҔԜᅿ ᅿБ‫ݤ‬բᆕӝ‫܄‬௖૸ǶаΠ߾၁ॊቫԛϩ‫زࣴ݋‬Б‫ݤ‬Ƕ ϩ‫݋‬΋ঁ୯ৎӧ୯ሞᜢ္߯‫ת‬ᄽ‫فޑ‬ՅǴ२Ӄᔈှ،‫ޑ‬ୢᚒࢂቫ ԛ ϩ ‫ ݋‬Ƕ J. David Singer ග р ୯ ሞ ᜢ ߯ ϩ ࣁ ‫ ٿ‬ቫ ԛ Ǵ ΋ ࢂ ୯ ৎ (nation-state)Ǵ΋ࣁ୯ሞᡏ‫(س‬international system)Ƕ୯ৎቫԛ‫ޑ‬ϩ‫݋‬ё аᕕှ୯ϣ،฼ၸำǴ຾Զᕇ‫ޕ‬୯ৎӧ୯ሞᡏ‫س‬ቫय़΢‫ޑ‬բࣁǶ୯ሞ ᡏ‫ࢂ߾س‬ჹ‫ܭ‬୯ৎ‫ޑ‬ϣࡹӵՖ߄౜ӧѦҬࡹ฼‫ک‬ѦҬՉࣁ΢Ƕ10๮෷ (Kenneth N. Waltz)߾‫׳‬ుΕӦࡰрᇡࣁ୯ሞᡏ‫س‬٠ߚှញ୯ሞࡹ‫ݯ‬ ‫ޑ‬୤΋ϩ‫݋‬ቫԛǴёஒᏯ‫ݾ‬চӢϩࣁΟঁቫԛǴջ،฼‫ޣ‬ǵ୯ৎ‫ک‬୯ ሞᡏ‫س‬Ƕ‫ـ‬Πკ 1Ƕ11. 10. J . David Singer, “The Level-of –a Analysis Problem in International Relations ,” Klans Knorr and Sidney Verba eds.,The International System : Theoretical Essays (Princeton : PrincetonUniversity Press , 1961) , pp. 77 - 92.. 11. Kenneth Waltz, Man , the State, and War (New York : ColumbiaUniversity Press, 1959) ,Chapters 6&7.. 8.

(18) კ 1 ୯ሞᜢ߯ϩ‫݋‬ቫԛ‫ޑ‬Кၨ ຏǺբ‫ޣ‬Ծᇙ. ΋ঁ୯ৎӧ୯ሞᜢ္߯‫ޑ‬ՉࣁǴࢂ‫ځ‬ჹόӕ‫ޑ‬୯ሞୢᚒѦҬՉࣁ ‫߄ޑ‬౜Ǵ‫܌‬аӚ୯‫ޑ‬ѦҬࡹ฼ᄬԋΑ୯ሞᡏ‫ޑس‬୯ሞᜢ߯ǶJames H. Rosenau ௲௤ஒ‫ځ‬ᆀࣁೱᙹࡹ‫(ݯ‬linkage politics)Ƕ‫ٿ‬୯໔ѦҬՉࣁё аΠკ 2 ٰ߄ҢǴӭ୯໔ѦҬՉࣁၨࣁፄᚇǴ߾аΠკ 3 ٰ߄ҢǶ. Ҙ. Ό. ୯. ѦҬࡹ฼ ᆶՉࣁ. ୯ ϸ. ᔈ. ѦҬࡹ฼ ҬϕՉࣁ ϸ. ѦҬࡹ฼ ᆶՉࣁ. ᔈ. კ 2 ‫ٿ‬୯໔ѦҬՉࣁ ຏǺ‫׵‬୯࠶ǴȠ୯ሞᜢ߯ཥፕȡǴѠчǺѠ᡼୘୍ӑਜᓔǴ2001 অु. 9.

(19) ‫ހ‬Ǵ। 53Ƕ. Ҙ୯ Ч୯. Ό୯. კ 3 ӭ୯໔ѦҬՉࣁ ຏǺ‫׵‬୯࠶ǴȠ୯ሞᜢ߯ཥፕȡǴ। 53Ƕ. ‫׵‬୯࠶௲௤߾ගрѦҬࡹ฼‫૸ޑ‬ፕё‫ܭ‬ΟБय़ǴϩձࢂǺѦҬࡹ ฼‫ڗ‬ӛ(foreign-policy orientations)ǵ៾Κၗྍ(power sources)ᆶѦҬࡹ ฼‫ۓڋޑ‬ၸำ(foreign-policy process)Ƕ ѦҬ‫ڗ‬ӛ‫ޑ‬όӕࢂҗ‫ܭ‬΋୯‫ޑ‬Ȩ୯ৎճ੻ȩ(national interest)Ƕ΋ ୯‫ޑ‬ғӸ(survival)ᆶ୯ৎӼӄ(national security)คᅪ‫ࢂޑ‬୯ৎ‫ޑ‬നଯ ճ੻ǴԶՖΞࣁ୯ৎࡹ‫܈ݯ‬࿶ᔮճ੻Ǵ߾ѝԖ྽٣୯ωૈԖ‫ࣚ܌‬ᇥǶ ଘࡘ৸(J. K. Holsti)߾ගра୯ৎѦҬࡹ฼Ҟ‫ٰޑ‬ඹжȨ୯ৎճ ੻ȩ ǶԶ‫ځ‬ѦҬࡹ฼Ҟ‫߾ޑ‬ϩࣁอǵύǵߏය‫ޑ‬Ҟ኱Ƕอය(short-range) ࣁύЈճ੻ᆶሽॶ(core interests and values)Ǵӵ΋୯ࡹᡏ‫ޑ‬ғӸǵख़ ा Ӧ ୔ ‫ ޑ‬ٛ ፁ ฻ ό ё ଏ ᡣ ‫ ޑ‬୯ ৎ ന ଯ ճ ੻ ǹ ύ ำ (middle-range objectives)߾Ԗ୯ሞՉ୏ቚ຾୯ሞ࿶ᔮ௃‫ݩ‬Ǵ‫܈‬җѦҬ‫ݓک‬ΚՉ୏ٰ ගଯ୯ৎ‫࠶ޑ‬ఈ(prestige)ǹߏය(long-range goals)߾ࢂԖᜢ୯ሞᡏ‫س‬. 10.

(20) ‫ޑ‬ஒٰीฝϷ୯ৎ‫܌‬ஒ‫ת‬ᄽ‫فޑ‬Յ฻Ƕ12 Ѧ Ҭ ࡹ ฼ ‫ ޑ‬، ‫ ۓ‬ନ Α ‫ ڗ‬، ‫ ܭ‬ϣ ӧ ‫ ک‬Ѧ ӧ ‫ ៾ ޑ‬Κ ၗ ྍ (power sources)ϐѦǴനख़ा‫ޑ‬ջࢂѦҬࡹ฼‫ۓڋޑ‬ၸำǶThomas A. Kranger ௲௤ࣴ‫ز‬᛾ܴѦҬࢂ‫ڀ‬Ԗ౛‫ޑ܄‬Γॺӧଓ‫؃‬୯ৎճ੻‫ޑ‬،฼ԋ݀Ƕ، ฼ኳԄԖΠӈѤঁ‫؁‬ᡯǺ (΋)य़ჹ௃༈଺΋ࣚᇥ(define the situation)Ƕ (Β)ࣴ‫ز‬ϩ‫܌݋‬ԖԖᜢ௃ൔၗ਑ࡕᒧ᏷Ҟ‫(ޑ‬select goals)Ƕ (Ο)൨‫؃‬ၲԋҞ‫܌ޑޑ‬ԖёՉ‫܄‬ᒤ‫(ݤ‬search alternatives)Ƕ (Ѥ)،‫ۓ‬നࡕ௦Ҕ‫ޑ‬ᒤ‫(ݤ‬choosing an alternative)Ƕ аѦҬჴ‫ٯ‬Զ‫ق‬ǴѦҬࡹ฼‫ޑ‬،‫ۓ‬٠ߚ೿ࢂԜ౛གྷ،฼ำԄ‫่ޑ‬ ݀Ƕ୯ሞ‫ޟ‬઱ୢᚒፄᚇǴ،฼‫ޣ‬௃ൔၗ਑Ψό΋‫ۓ‬ዴჴǴ‫܌‬аჹ‫ܭ‬௃ ༈ёૈ‫ޑ‬ว৖‫و‬ӛ൩ࡐᜤղᘐϷႣෳǶᗨᇥ،฼‫ޣ‬යࡑ଺ԋ౛གྷ‫ޑ‬ղ ᘐǴՠՖ‫ࢂޣ‬୯ৎനεճ੻Ψᜤаࣚ‫ۓ‬Ƕ୯ৎ‫ޑ‬ғӸ‫ک‬୯ৎӼӄᗨࢂ നଯճ੻Ǵՠ୯ৎӼӄ‫ޑ‬୯ٛӼӄጕ‫ܭز‬ՖೀǴϝࢂ΋ঁӢᇡ‫ޕ‬ೀ ნǵૈΚԶ‫ـ‬Ϙ‫ـ‬ඵ‫ޑ‬ୢᚒǶ ୯ሞࡹ‫ݯ‬ύǴ୯ৎჹ‫ܭ‬д୯‫܈‬୯ሞࡹ‫ޑݯ‬ᢀᗺࢂ࣬ჹ‫(܄‬relative concept)Զ όࢂ๊ჹ ‫܄‬Ǵ཮җ ΋୯‫ޑ‬ᐕ ў࿶ᡍǵ ౜ਔයఈ (present expectations)ǵѦٰ৮ឨᆶ‫ځ‬д‫ޑ‬Ӣન‫܌‬،‫ۓ‬Ƕჹӕ΋௃༈‫ޑ‬วғǴ Ӛ୯൩཮Ԗ๱όӕ‫ޑ‬ᢀᗺǴԶ଺рόӕ‫ޑ‬،฼Ƕ ΋୯ѦҬࡹ฼‫୺ޑ‬Չࣁ‫؃‬ၲԋѦҬҞ‫ޑ‬ё٬ҔѦҬπ‫ڀ‬ǶѦҬπ ‫(ڀ‬instruments)ԖΠӈ൳໨ǺѦҬ‫ש‬ፂ(diplomatic bargaining)ǵ࠹໺ 12. J. K. Holsti, International Politics, A Framework for Analysis ( Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 4th ed,1983), pp. 128-129.. 11.

(21) (propaganda)ǵ࿶ᔮ΢ᓬඁ‫ڋ܈‬ຊ(economic reward and punishment)ǵ υ Ⴃ (intervention) д ୯ ϣ ࡹ ǵ ‫ ݓ‬Κ ࠶ ુ (threats) ǵ ‫ ݓ‬Κ Ң ࠶ (demonstration of force)ǵ഍ᒉᜬᙟ(subversion)ǵນፏᖄӝ୯‫܈‬୯ሞ‫ݤ‬ ଣǵᏯ‫ݾ‬฻Ƕ13 ҁፕЎᔕ൩΢ॊ୯ৎ‫ک‬୯ሞᡏ‫ޑس‬ቫԛϩ‫݋‬ᆶ୯ৎ‫ک‬ѦҬࡹ฼ ϐ໔‫ޑ‬ϕ୏ᜢ߯ࣴ‫ز‬բࣁࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬Ƕ. ಃѤ࿯ Ў᝘ӣ៝ Ў᝘ӣ៝ ΋ǵЎ᝘ॊຑ Ў᝘ॊຑ ّϞຯᗬᏯᛈว(1950 ԃ)ςԖϤΜᎩԃϐΦǴᏢೌࣚϝᙑӸӧ๱ ჹᗬᏯᛈวଆྍϐ‫ݾ‬᝼Ƕ14᝵ᖄǵύӅӧᗬᏯ္‫ת‬ᄽ‫فޑ‬ՅࣁՖǴӵ ϞϝᙑࢂᏢೌࣚ૸ፕ‫ޑ‬౲ӭख़ाᜢᗖ᝼ᚒϐ΋Ƕ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ፕॊವථࣽǵч٧ǵѳᝆΟ‫ޑޣ‬Ȩӕ࿉ȩᜢ߯Ƕчᗬ‫ޑ‬Ծ ‫ૈي‬Κࢂց‫୼ى‬วଆᗬᏯǻѳᝆ྽ֽࢂցම࿶ѐቻ‫؃‬ವථࣽ‫ޑ‬ᔅ շǻವථࣽǵч٧ჹѳᝆ྽ֽ‫ࡌޑ‬᝼ࣁՖǻ᝵ᖄǵύӅ‫ٿ‬୯ࢂցᆶч ᗬӕᒉࠄߟǻӧհᏯਔයǴ೽ϩᏢ‫ޑޣ‬ፕᗺύǴගрΑч٧ˇವථࣽ ˇѳᝆӅᒉ౛ፕǴᇡࣁරᗲᏯ‫ࢂݾ‬җ΢ॊΟ୯ӅᒉԶᛈวǴύӅሦᏤ ΓЛᐛܿ٣߻‫ޕ‬ၰ٠ЪୖᆶᏯ‫ݾ‬฼ჄᆶྗഢǶ15 ჹ‫ܭ‬ᗬᏯଆྍ‫ޑ‬ϩ‫݋‬Ǵ΋໒‫ۈ‬ऍ᝵ᚈБ೿ᇡࣁࢂჹБวଆ‫װ‬ᔐǴ Զന߃ჹ‫ܭ‬ᗬᏯ‫ݯࡹࡋཱུࢂزࣴޑ‬ϯ‫ޑ‬ɡஒೢҺᘜ‫ܭگ‬ќ΋БǶ२Ӄ. 13. ‫׵‬୯࠶ǴȠ୯ሞᜢ߯ཥፕȡǴ। 51-62 Ƕ. 14. ჹ‫ܭ‬ᗬᏯᛈว‫ޑ‬ፕᗺᆶհᏯ‫ޑ‬ᏢࢴፕᗺǴεౣ΢ٰᇥǴԖϩࣁ໺಍ЬကᏢࢴǵঅ҅ЬကᏢ ࢴǵ୯ሞհᏯўᏢࢴ(‫܈‬ҭᆀࡕঅ҅ЬကᏢࢴ)฻฻Ƕ. 15. ߎ䗄ߪǴHosaka Yuji 佾ǴȠරᗲ䧝㜋──চӢɄၸำɄҶ䧝ɄቹៜȡǴܿ٧Ǻፕബ‫ޗ‬Ǵ2007 ԃǴ। 54-186ǹ‫ک‬ҖࡾᐋǴȠරᗲ䧝㜋ӄўȡǴܿ٧Ǻ۟‫ݢ‬ਜ۫Ǵ2002Ǵ߻‫ق‬Ƕ. 12.

(22) ൩ࢂаհᏯ‫ޑ‬Ȩ໺಍ЬကᏢࢴȩගраўၲ݅ࣁЬᏤ‫ޑ‬ፕॊǴᇡࣁհ Ꮿ‫ޑ‬ೢҺӧ‫ܭ‬᝵ᖄǶӵ Isaac Deutscher ගрᗬᏯࢂўၲ݅΋Ћीฝǵ ྗഢࣗԿЬᏤ‫ޑ‬Ƕ᝵ᖄǵύӅ‫ک‬чᗬӅᒉว୏ᗬᏯǴЛᐛܿೖ᝵ϐਔǴ ᝵ύ‫ٿ‬୯Ӆᒉ฼ฝᗬᏯीฝ‫ޑ‬ፕᗺǶ16 ऍ୯૶‫ ޣ‬I. F. Stone ᇡࣁࢂ‫܍׵‬ఁࡷᢂߎВԋǴࠄᗬчߟԶᏤठ чᗬϸᔐ‫ޑ‬ᢀᗺǴ߾೏ຎࣁࢂӧࣴ‫ز‬ᗬᏯύа੝ਸѰࢴ‫ٰࡋف‬ඔቪ‫ޑ‬ ࿶‫ڂ‬բࠔǶ17 ᚶ΍(Allen S. Whiting)߾ჹ‫ܭ‬ύӅୖᏯ‫ޑ‬ङඳǵ୏ᐒǵၸำբ၁ ಒ‫ޑ‬ϩ‫݋‬ǴᇡࣁύӅ٠คᗬᏯ‫ޑ‬໒ᏯೢҺǶӕਔ٠ჹ໺಍ЬကᏢࢴϣ ࣴ‫ز‬᝵ᖄǵύӅǵчᗬΟ୯ӕ࿉‫ڐޑ‬᝼ᆶύӅϩᏼΑ᝵ᖄҺ୍‫ޑ‬ፕॊ ӄय़‫܄‬Ӧуа‫ץ‬ղǴᇡࣁύӅୖᏯϐӢǴࢂࣁΑߥምჹύ୯ܿч‫ޑ‬Ӽ ӄǴ୷‫ܭ‬΢ॊ‫߻ޑ‬ගϐΠǴύӅ‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼ω଺рୖᏯ،‫ۓ‬Ƕ18 ύ㾁ᔂ໢(Mineo Nakajima)ᇡࣁύӅࢴծୖᏯচӢǴࢂाჹ᝵ᖄ ӆԛрծܿч΋٣ϒаٛፁǴ‫܌‬аջ٬Лᐛܿ‫ک‬ўၲ݅‫ޑ‬ཀ‫ـ‬٠ό΋ ठǴύӅϝᙑрծජշчᗬǶ19ߞϻమΟ॔(Seizaburo Shinobu)ගрᗬ ᏯᛈวࢂӢߎВԋట٬Ҕ‫ݓ‬Κǵॠ‫ޑڮ‬Ꮿ‫ݾ‬БԄ಍΋ᗬъ৞Ǵ٠Ъ‫ځ‬ ᇡࣁᗬᏯԋࣁΑ᝵ᖄᘉ஭ीฝύ‫ޑ‬΋ᕉǶᗬᏯᛈว٠ߚࢂ᝵ᖄჹчᗬ ‫ࡰޑ‬ҢǴΨߚӢࣁऍ୯ഐΕΓࣁीౣ‫ޑ‬ᇨᏤǴගрᗬᏯჴሞ΢ࢂ‫ٿ‬ᗬ. 16. Isaac Deutscher, Stalin:A Political Biography (New York: Oxford University Press, 2nd ed., 1967), pp. 598-630.. 17. 㚵ξ௵佾ǴI. F.嗚嗩嘙嘔(I. F. Stone)๱ǴȠઝў රᗲ䧝㜋ȡ(The Hidden History of the Korean War 1950-1951)Ǵܿ٧ǺߙЕਜ۫Ǵ1972 ԃǴ। 56-65ǵ131-142Ƕ. 18. Allen S. Whiting, China Crosses Yalu: The Decision to Enter the Korean War ( New York: Macmillan, 1960), pp. 47-150.. 19. ύ㾁ᔂ໢ǴȠύ嗞ӕ࿉喘ፂ䃕―Вҁ喘Ӽӄ喒㱃㯹喙喓啰喔喵啵ȡǴܿ٧ǺӀЎ‫ޗ‬Ǵ1982 ԃǴ । 96-97Ƕ. 13.

(23) ϣᏯፕ‫ޑ‬ፕॊǶ20 ઓ‫ك‬όΒ(Fuji Kamiya)߾ჹύӅୖᏯ΋٣ǴᇡࣁύӅሦᏤΓࢂ཈ ख़،‫ۓ‬рծ‫ޑ‬Ƕ٠ගрύӅբрୖᏯ‫ޑ‬،‫ۓ‬Ǵ٠ߚൂપ‫ڙ‬ज़‫ܭ‬ᓥᆘԢ Нᡘǵύ୯ܿч‫ޑ‬ख़π཰‫ঁٿ‬ख़ा‫ޑ‬੝‫ۓ‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ǴΨߚࢂӢࣁԖᘉ஭‫ޑ‬ གྷ‫ݤ‬ǴԶࢂύӅ୷‫ܭ‬ӧऍВᜢ߯ǵύ୯ӧ٥ࢪख़ा‫ޑ‬ӦՏǵύӅࡹ៾ ჹϣϷჹѦ‫ޑ‬Ӽӄࡹ฼Եໆ฻ᅿᅿቶεΞፄᚇ‫ޑ‬ӢનǴࢂӢࡹ‫ݯ‬΢‫ޑ‬ ཀკωᏤठύӅୖᏯǶԶύӅ྽ֽჹ‫ୖܭ‬Ꮿ٠ߚࢂ‫࡭ܤ‬๱ଯࡋ‫ޑ‬Ծ ߞǴ࣬ϸӦǴԶࢂӧཱུࡋ‫ޑ‬όӼϐΠω଺рୖᏯϐ،‫ۓ‬Ƕ21 1970 ԃжଆࣁᗬᏯࣴ‫ޑز‬΋ঁख़ाϩНᔂǶᗬᏯࣴ‫ز‬Ӣऍ୯Б य़ᔞਢၗ਑ӧΒΜԃࡕջёϦ໒ǴӢԜӧ 1970 ԃжࡕъԖΑཥ‫ޑ‬຾ ৖ǶӢࣁှ࿣ࡕ‫ޑ‬ऍ୯ᔞਢё‫زࣴٮ‬Ǵр౜ΑȨঅ҅ЬကᏢࢴȩჹ‫ܭ‬ ऍ୯ҁ‫ޑي‬Չ୏ࢂց҅྽ϯǵऍ୯‫ޑ‬ᒱᇤᆶೢҺ‫ץޑ‬ղǶӧঅ҅Ьက ύǴ२ۙ΋ࡰ‫ޑ‬ջࢂநܴථ(Bruce Cumings)‫زࣴޑ‬Ƕ நܴථ‫ޑ‬റγፕЎࣴ‫ز‬ගрȨϣᏯፕȩ‫ޑ‬ፕᗺǶԶࡕд‫ע‬ፕЎᘉ εԋ‫ٿ‬ҁ冂๱ȠᗬᏯ‫ޑ‬ଆྍȡϩձӧ 1981 ԃǵ1990 ԃр‫ހ‬Ƕ‫ځ‬ϣ৒ ࣴ‫ز‬аўܿ‫ޑ‬ፕᗺࣁ୷ᘵǴගрᗬᏯ٠ߚӧ 1950 ԃ 6 Д 25 ВᛈวǴ ԶࢂӧΒᏯ่‫ࠄࡕ״‬чᗬջഌុ໒ᏯǶऍ᝵‫ܭ‬ΒᏯࡕᡣᗬъ৞ϩ຋Ǵ Զऍ୯ฝчጎ 38 ࡋࣁϩࣚጕҁ‫ي‬൩ࢂ΋ᅿᒱᇤǴᗦᙒΠᗬᏯ‫ޑ‬ᏤО ጕǶ‫ځ‬٠ЪᇡࣁӧᗬᏯύόૈஒೢҺ೿ᘜ‫ߎܭ‬ВԋǴ‫܍׵‬ఁҭᔈाॄ ଆࡷᢂ‫ޑ‬ೢҺǶ22 20. ߞϻమΟ॔ǴȠරᗲ䧝㜋喘ࠁ䱆ȡǴܿ٧Ǻᅽ‫׸‬р‫ހ‬Ǵ1969 ԃǴ। 209-276Ƕ. 21. ઓ‫ك‬όΒǴȠරᗲ䧝㜋―ԯύ㟂،喘চ‫׎‬ȡǴܿ٧ǺύѧϦፕ‫ޗ‬Ǵ1966 ԃǴ। 99-108Ƕ. 22. Bruce Cumings, The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. I: Liberation and the Emergence of Separate Regimes, 1945-1947 (New Jersey: Princeton University Press,1981), preface. Bruce Cumings, The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. II: The Roaring of the Cataract 1947-1950 (New Jersey: Princeton University Press,1990).. 14.

(24) 1980 ԃжа߻ύӅᏢ‫ࡐޣ‬Ͽ஑ߐࣴ‫ز‬հᏯўǶ231980 ԃ҃ය໒ ‫ۈ‬ǴεഌБय़ഌុр‫ހ‬ӵȠࡌ୯аٰЛᐛܿЎዺȡ ǵ Ƞࡌ୯аٰ‫ڬ‬ৱٰ Ўዺȡ ǵ Ƞ‫ڬ‬ৱٰԃ᛼ȡ฻ਜǴόՠϦթΑεໆԖᜢᗬᏯ‫ޑ‬ႝൔᆶߞҹǴ Ъว߄Αεໆ‫ޑ‬ᔞਢၗ਑ǶӧӅैύჹ‫ܭ‬ᗬᏯࣴ‫ز‬നԖӜ‫ޑ‬ವၸ‫ܭ‬৪ ฃǶ 24 ќѦǴεഌਓѦᏢ‫ޣ‬ӵഋঋ(Jian Chen)ǵ஭ᔛӀ(Shu Guang Zhang)ǵԙࡌᄪ฻ΓΨԖ࣬྽ᙦᅺ‫زࣴޑ‬ԋ݀Ƕ25 1990 ԃ߃Ǵ᝵ᖄҗ‫ܭ‬ᡏ‫ڋ‬஝ውǴᆶᗬᏯ࣬ᜢ‫ޑ‬Γγ໒‫ۈ‬ჹѦว ߄εໆԖᜢᗬᏯ‫ޑ‬ӣᏫᒵ‫ک‬௦ೖइᒵǴхࡴΑӵчᗬΓ҇ैբᏯ೽ߏ ߲ԋণ(Yoo Song Chol)ǵчᗬᎫ᝵ε٬‫࣬׵‬ර(Lee Sang Cho)ǵ᝵ᖄᎫ чᗬε٬ϙ੝ࣽϻ(T. F. Shtykov)฻฻Ǵ ഌុӧ߮୯ǵᗬ୯‫ک‬ऍ୯‫ޑ‬ ൔтᚇᇞ΢аόӕЎӷтрǶ ྽ਔ᝵ᖄ‫߮ޑ‬୯ᔞਢഌុεໆϦ໒Ǵ೿ࢂ҂࿶ጓᒠуπၸ‫ޑ‬চ ҹǶӧ 1994 ԃ߮ᛥථࡹ۬ှஏΑ΋‫ץ‬ᜢ‫ܭ‬ᗬᏯ‫߻ޑ‬᝵ᖄᔞਢǴ٠ᜄ ᆶᗬ୯ǶԶᗬ୯ߎ‫ݚ‬Ο(Young Sam Kim)ᕴ಍ௗ‫߮ڙ‬ᛥථࡹ۬ᜄᆶ‫ޑ‬ ߻᝵ᖄᔞਢࡕǴஒ‫ځ‬᏾౛ࡕϦ໒Ƕՠࠞ‫ܭ‬Ϧ໒ၗ਑ѝࢂচЎᄔाǴᗬ ୯ࡹ۬٠҂ஒচЎֹ᏾Ў᝘ၗ਑๏ϒᏢ‫ޣ‬Ϧ໒᎙ំ‫ޑ‬БߡǴࣴ‫ޣز‬ό ૈ၁ಒ‫ޑ‬ӄЎ᎙ំǴԶᒪᏬӦค‫ݤ‬٬Ҕ‫ځ‬Ў᝘ၗ਑Ƕ26. 23. Ԗᜢύ୯Ꮲ‫زࣴޣ‬ϐ၁ಒϣ৒Ǵё‫ـ‬ǺYa Feng Xia, “ The Study of Cold War International History in China: A Review of the Last Twenty Years,”Journal of Cold War Studies,Vol. 10, No. 1, Winter 2008, pp. 81-115.. 24. ৪ฃǴȠЛᐛܿᆶ‫ל‬ऍජරᏯ‫ݾ‬Ǻ҅ዴԶ፵ྦྷ‫ޑ‬ၮᝢ஧≧ȡǴч٧Ǻှ‫ैܫ‬р‫ޗހ‬Ǵ2006 ԃǶ. 25. Jian Chen, China's Road to the Korean War : The Making of the Sino-American Confrontation (New York : Columbia University Press), 1994ǹShu Guang Zhang , Mao's Military Romanticism: China and the Korean War 1950-53 (University Press of Kansas), 1995ǹԙࡌᄪǴȠЛ㟾ܿ喘රᗲ䧝㜋― ύ㡚啶ᓥ䀊Ԣ喼෠喵喨喑ȡǴܿ٧Ǻ۟‫ݢ‬ਜ۫Ǵ1992 ԃǶ. 26. ؇‫ד‬๮ǴȠරᗲᏯ‫ݾ‬Ǻ߮୯ᔞਢ‫ޑ‬ှஏЎҹȡ΢нǴѠчǺύѧࣴ‫ز‬ଣ߈жўࣴ‫܌ز‬Ǵ2003 ԃǴ߻‫ق‬ǹ‫ک‬ҖࡾᐋǴȠරᗲ䧝㜋ӄўȡǴܿ٧Ǻ۟‫ݢ‬ਜ۫Ǵ2002 ԃǴ। 1-20Ƕ. 15.

(25) Ꮲ‫ ޣ‬Kathryn WeathersbyǵհᏯ୯ሞў໨ҞȜCold War International History Project (CWIHP)ȝᆶঢউК٥εᏢ‫ޑ‬ᗬ୯ࣴ‫ز‬ύЈӅӕӝբ ϐΠǴஒᗬᏯ‫ޑ‬চ߮Ўᔞਢၗ਑ᙌ᝿ԋमЎа‫ٮ‬Ꮲ‫زࣴޣ‬٬ҔǴԜਔ ჹᗬᏯ‫زࣴޑ‬ёᇥࢂᗌ຾Α΋ঁཥ‫ޑ‬ٚำ࿞Ƕ ߮ᛥථှஏ‫ޑ‬Ў᝘Ϧ໒ϐࡕǴჹ‫ܭ‬ᗬᏯࣴ‫ز‬ΞԖΑཥ‫ޑ‬຾৖Ǵҗ Ϧ໒‫ޑ‬ၗ਑ёჹᗬᏯᛈว‫ܴࣁ׳࣬੿ޑ‬ዴǶচҁ‫ޑ‬໺಍ЬကᏢࢴ‫ࢂ܈‬ অ҅ЬကᏢࢴǴԜਔӢᏢ‫ॺޣ‬ёඓඝ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑‫ࣁ׳‬ሸӄǴԶӧȨ໺಍Ь ကᏢࢴȩ ǵ Ȩঅ҅ЬကᏢࢴȩ‫୷زࣴޑ‬ᘵϐ΢ǴගрΑȨ୯ሞհᏯўᏢ ࢴȩ(‫܈‬ҭᆀȨࡕঅ҅ЬကᏢࢴȩ)‫ޑ‬ፕᗺǴჹ߻‫ٿ‬ᅿᏢࢴ‫ޑ‬ፕᗺගр অ҅ǵံкϐೀǴᝩԶჹ߻ॊࣴ‫ز‬ӆуа‫ץ‬ղǵ௖૸Ƕ Ȩ୯ሞհᏯўᏢࢴȩ္ǴЬा٩ᏵᗬᏯ࣬ᜢΓ‫ނ‬ϐӣᏫᒵǺӵ߻ ᝵ᖄሦᏤΓᇲᎹഓϻ(Nikita S. Khrushchyov)ӣᏫᒵॊܴўၲ݅٠҂ ᝀߔߎВԋ໒ᏯǴ٠ाቻ‫؃‬ЛᐛܿჹߎВԋࡌ᝼‫ޑ‬ཀ‫ـ‬Ƕӧ߮ᛥථۚ ՐԾ⛇ࣁ߻чᗬॠ‫ڮ‬ৎ‫݅ޑ‬ᗦ(ϯӜ)ӧ‫ځ‬๱բ္ගрΑᗬᏯ‫ܫޑ‬О ‫ߎࢂޣ‬ВԋǴ٠ჹߎВԋᆶύӅ‫ޑ‬ሦᏤΓ٠҂բ٣߻‫ڐ‬୘Ϸள‫ځډ‬ӕ ཀǴว୏ߵᓀ‫ޑ‬Ꮿ‫ݾ‬Զ২ቚύ୯Γ҇‫ॄޑ‬ᏼǶ27ൔтБय़ǴU.S. News ȿ World Report ္ΨтฦΑ΋೽ϩ᝵ᖄςှஏᔞਢǴ՘᛾Ο୯ӕᒉ ፕǶ28 Ԙܴ݅ჹᗬᏯᛈวǴύӅрծୖᏯǴගрȨܿ٥ӅౢЬကΟ‫ف‬ӕ ࿉౛ፕȩǶԘܴ݅চҁᇡࣁύӅрծ‫ࢂݤ࣮ޑ࡭܌‬Лᐛܿǵўၲ݅ǵ 27. ύ୯ਔൔ୯Ѧཥᆪ࠻ጓ᝿ǴȠ໵ᎹഓϻӣᏫᒵȡǴѠчǺύ୯ਔൔр‫ޗހ‬Ǵ҇ 60 (1971)ԃǴ । 136-142Ƕ݅䁧ǴȠчᗬЦරԋҥઝў─ߎВԋ ҅᣶─ȡǴܿ٧ǺԾҗ‫ޗ‬Ǵࡿ‫ ک‬57(1982)ԃǴ । 153-180Ƕ. 28. “Secrets of the Korean War”, U.S. NewsȿWorld Report, August 9, 1993, pp. 45-47. ՠ‫ٯ‬ӵ‫ځ‬ύԖ ΋ࢤඔॊўၲ݅໽ߦߎВԋԐВ຾‫ࠄװ‬БǶҞ߻ςϦ໒‫ޑ‬ᔞਢࠅคԜ௶ॊǴ٠Ъ‫ځ‬д೽ϩᆶ ౜Ϟ‫ޑ‬ᔞਢӭԖόӝǴ੿ჴ‫܄‬Ԗࡑ୘ᄮǶ. 16.

(26) ߎВԋΟ‫ޣ‬ԐԖႣᒉ‫ޑ‬Ƕ౜‫ࢂࣁׯ‬җߎВԋගрǵբࣁӅౢЬကനଯ ࡰᏤ‫ޣ‬٠ߥԖനଯ៾Κ‫ޑ‬ўၲ݅Ǵࡰ٬٠Ъኄ஺ЛᐛܿୖᏯǶ29 ଭ Ҹ ё ߾ Ї Ҕ ߮ ᛥ ථ ஒ ै ቺ ԯ ੝ ္ Ʉ ᅽ ᅟ ࣽ ਱ ᒍ ϻ (Dmitri Volkogonov)ǵၗుᗬᏯࣴ‫ز‬஑ৎуѲ္ᅟɄё੝࢒ϻ(Gavril Korotkov) ฻Γ‫ޑ‬ፕᗺǺᗬᏯ߄य़΢ࢂߎВԋࡷଆǴՠჴ፦΢ࢂўၲ݅‫ک‬Лᐛܿ ฼Ⴤ‫ץک‬঑Ƕ30 ଭථ੝ѭ(Vojtech Mastny)੝ձаӧհᏯਔය္ўၲ݅ჹ‫ܭ‬୯ৎ Ӽӄ‫ޑ‬Եໆբр஑๱௖૸Ƕ31ЎӼҥ(Odd Arne Westad)ҭаհᏯ‫ޑ‬਱ ֽϐΠჹᗬᏯᛈวගрፕॊǶ32‫ک‬Җࡾᐋ(Haruki Wada)‫܍‬ᝩநܴථ‫ޑ‬ ፕᗺǴ٬ҔΑ᝵ᖄ‫ޑ‬ှஏၗ਑ǴᙖаܴዴᗬᏯᛈว‫ޑ‬চӢǶ33 ‫ه‬Еֹᅟ(Kanji Akagi)ӧᗬᏯϖΜຼԃϐሞǴЬጓΑჹ‫ܭ‬ᗬᏯᏯ ‫ݾ‬ଆྍၸำ‫ډ‬ଶᏯ‫ޑ‬ኧጇፕЎ໣Ǵϣ৒ჹ‫ܭ‬ᗬᏯᛈวϐӢǴࢂаߎВ ԋࣁ‫ݓ‬Κགྷ಍΋ᗬъ৞ǴߎВԋள‫ډ‬Αўၲ݅ǵЛᐛܿჹ‫ܭ‬಍΋ᗬъ ৞঑೚ᆶᔅշ‫୷ޑ‬ᘵ΢Ǵගрჹ‫ܭ‬ᗬᏯӭБय़ཥ‫ـޑ‬ှǶ34 ؇‫ד‬๮߾ࢂεഌ२ՏճҔ߻᝵ᖄᔞਢࣴ‫ز‬ᗬᏯϐᏢ‫ޣ‬Ǵ‫ځ‬ှ‫݋‬ύ 29. Ԙܴ݅ǴȠ䧝㜋喒ѳ‫ ک‬රᗲъ৞ 1950ȡǴܿ٧Ǻ‫ޗ‬㜘ຑፕ‫ޗ‬Ǵ2009 ԃǴ। 346-372Ƕӧҁਜ ύςঅ‫ׯ‬ϐ߻ӧറγፕЎ‫܌‬ගр‫߻ޑ‬ॊፕᗺǶ. 30. ଭҸёǴȤᜢ‫ܭ‬ύӅୖуᗬᏯႣᒉ‫ޑ‬ऩυୢᚒȥǴȠୢᚒᆶࣴ‫ز‬ȡǴ҇ 84 (1995)ԃǴಃ 7 යǴ । 64-73Ƕ. 31. Vojtech Mastny, The Cold War and Soviet InsecurityǺThe Stalin Years (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).. 32. Odd Arne Weatad, The Global Cold War (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005)ǹЎӼҥ (Odd Arne Weatad)Ǵഋϐֻ฻᝿ǴȠհᏯᆶॠ‫—ڮ‬᝵ऍፂँᆶύ୯ϣᏯ‫ޑ‬ଆྍȡ(Cold War and Revolution: Soviet-American Rivalry and the Origins of the Chinese Civil War)Ǵਦ݅ǺቶՋৣጄε Ꮲр‫ޗހ‬Ǵ2002 ԃǶ. 33. ‫ک‬ҖࡾᐋǴȠරᗲ䧝‫ݾ‬ӄўȡǴܿ٧Ǻ۟‫ݢ‬ਜ۫Ǵ2002 ԃǶ. 34. ‫ه‬ЕֹᅟጓǴȠරᗲ䧝㜋―Ҷ䧝 50 ‫ڬ‬ԃ喘㴵ຓ嘘ъ৞喘㚵喒Ѧ啵喳ȡǶ. 17.

(27) Ӆӧරᗲୢᚒ΢ࢂ೏୏‫ޑ‬ǴЛᐛܿӕཀҔै٣Ћࢤࢴծ຾Εчᗬ‫ࢂ׳‬ рԾॐόளςǶ٠ගрύӅୖᏯЬाࢂࣁΑߥՐ‫ک‬᝵ᖄཥᛝु‫ޑ‬ύ᝵ ӕ࿉Ƕ35 ླྀࠪ݊߾аύӅលўࣴ‫ࡋفޑز‬ख़ཥ၍ញᗬᏯ္ύ᝵‫ٿ‬ល‫ޑ‬ល ᆶលϷ୯ৎᆶ୯ৎϐ໔‫ޑ‬ᜢ߯‫ޑ‬ፄᚇࡋǴ٠ගра༾ᢀϐঁΓ،฼‫ޣ‬ ‫ޑ‬ቹៜٰ௖‫ز‬ЛᐛܿՖаനಖ଺рύӅрծ،฼Ƕҗ‫ܭ‬ᗬᏯϐࡺǴў ၲ݅ωௗ‫ڙ‬ΑЛᐛܿ೭Տߏයᚶᅪ‫ޑ‬࿉϶ǴԶЛᐛܿΨҗ‫ܭ‬ᗬᏯǴў ၲ݅ω࣬ߞ‫ࢂځ‬୯ሞЬက‫ޣ‬Ƕ36 ߎܿӓ߾٬ҔύӅǵ᝵ᖄ‫ޑ‬ཥᔞਢၗ਑ᇡࣁȨΟ୯ӕᒉፕȩؒԖ ٣ჴਥᏵǴගрΑύӅό໻ؒԖୖу฼ჄᗬᏯǴԶЪӧ΋‫ۓ‬ำࡋ΢‫ܤ‬ ࡭ჹ೭൑Ꮿ‫ݾ‬όᜅԋ‫ޑ‬ᄊࡋǶ37 ‫۝‬ჸࢶϻ(Sergei N. Goncharov)ǵၡܰγ(John W. Lewis)ǵᖙ౛ੀ (Li Tai Xue)฻ΟՏ߻᝵ᖄѦҬ‫۔‬ᆶᏢ‫ॺޣ‬Ӆӕӝ๱Ǵ߾ගрўၲ݅‫ޑ‬ Ꮿ‫ݾ‬ीฝஒЛᐛܿЇΕΑᗬᏯԋࣁӅҍǴ Ǵ٠Ъўၲ݅ᗋᡣЛᐛܿԍଆ ᏼॄΑ௱ජчᗬ‫ޑ‬Ꮿ‫ݾ‬ೢҺǶ38 ߮ᛥථཥ΋ж୯ሞࡹ‫ݯ‬Ꮲ‫ޣ‬嗃嗫嗩嘙嘋嘙嘘嘐嗘嘋嗉嘕嗄嗢嘘嗩嘌嗐嗯嗶(A.V. Torkunov)Ꮷᙖ߮୯ှஏᔞਢှܴᗬᏯࢂӧವථࣽᆶ๮ ౰Ⴅ‫ঁٿޑ‬όӕϐࡹ‫ݯ‬ᡏ‫ڋ‬ϐΠǴӢค‫کݤ‬ှԶౢғ‫ޑ‬ჹ،Ƕ‫ځ‬ᇡࣁ җ‫ܭ‬ύӅԋфӦӧ 1949 ԃ 10 Д‫ڗ‬ளύ୯ࡹ៾Ǵўၲ݅‫ߎک‬Вԋωᑈ. 35. ؇‫ד‬๮ǴȠύ᝵ӕ࿉ᆶරᗲᏯ‫زࣴݾ‬ȡǴਦ݅ǺቶՋৣጄεᏢр‫ޗހ‬Ǵ1999 ԃǴ। 104-137Ƕ. 36. ླྀࠪ݊ǴȠЛᐛܿᆶವථࣽ‫ޑ‬ৱৱ࡜࡜ȡǴࠄܱǺԢՋΓ҇р‫ޗހ‬Ǵ2009 ԃǴ߻‫ق‬ᆶ। 326Ƕ. 37. ߎܿӓǴȤ“Ο୯ӕᒉፕ”ϩ‫݋‬ǺරᗲᏯ‫ݾ‬ଆྍ‫ޑ‬ӆࡘԵȥǴȠ྽жύ୯ўࣴ‫ز‬ȡǴ2006 ԃǴ ಃ 2 යǴ। 112-121Ƕ. 38. Sergei N. Goncharov, John W. Lewis, and Li Tai Xue, Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao, and the Korean War (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993), pp. 130-167.. 18.

(28) ཱུགྷว୏ᗬᏯǶЛᐛܿჹ‫ߎܭ‬Вԋ‫ߟࠄޑ‬ीฝᇡࣁᔈ྽཈ख़Չ٣Ǵՠ ӧವථࣽ߄ܴҗ‫ܭ‬୯ሞֽ༈‫ޑ‬ᡂϯϐΠς࿶Ϣ೚чᗬࠄ຾ǴύӅ‫ޑ‬ҥ ൑ᙯࣁᓨ೚ӕཀчᗬ‫ݓޑ‬ΚՉ୏Ƕ39 ΠЏԯ՜ϻ(Nobuo Shimotomai)߾ගр߾ගрўၲ݅ӧύӅ‫ڗ‬ள ύ୯ࡹ៾ᆶύ᝵ӕ࿉฻୯ሞ௃༈ᡂϯ‫୷ޑ‬ᘵϐΠǴ᝵ᖄᇡࣁऍ୯ς࿶ όӆᜢЈරᗲ௃༈ว৖ǶࣁૈዴߥᏯ‫ݾ‬യճǴўၲ݅ा‫؃‬чᗬ‫ޑ‬ᗬᏯ ीฝѸ‫๊ۓ‬ჹाள‫ډ‬ύӅ‫ޑ‬Ѝ࡭Ƕ40. 39. ΠЏԯ՜ϻ฻佾Ǵ嗃嗫嗩嘙嘋嘙嘘嘐嗘嘋嗉嘕嗄嗢嘘嗩嘌嗐嗯嗶(A.V. Torkunov)ǴȠරᗲ䧝㜋喘ᖮ喒੿㡷―ߎВԋǵ嗚嗠嘙嘋嘔ǵЛ㟾ܿ喘ᐒஏႝൔ喕喲喵ȡ(Zagadochnaya vojna: Korejskij konflikt 1950-1953 eg. / War in Korea 1950-1953)Ǵܿ٧Ǻ૛ࡘ‫ޗ‬Ǵ2001 ԃǴ। 91-113Ƕ. 40. ΠЏԯ՜ϻǴȠ嘃嗚嗐嘐喒ߎВԋ――հ䧝喘ύ喘чරᗲ 1945-1961 ԃȡǴܿ٧Ǻ۟‫ݢ‬ਜ۫Ǵ 2006 ԃǴ। 84-142Ƕ. 19.

(29) ߄ 1 ӚᏢࢴख़ाж߄‫܄‬Ꮲ‫ޣ‬ᆶፕᗺ ࣴ‫ز‬Ꮲࢴ ໺಍Ьက Ꮲࢴ. ж߄‫܄‬Ꮲ‫ޣ‬. Ꮲࢴፕᗺ ᗬᏯࢂўၲ݅΋Ћी. Isaac Deutscherǵᚶ΍ (Allen S. Whiting)ǵύ㾁ᔂ ໢(Mineo Nakajima)ǵߞϻ. ฝǵྗഢࣗԿЬᏤ‫ޑ‬Ƕ᝵ ᖄǵύӅ‫ک‬чᗬӅᒉว୏ ᗬᏯǴЛᐛܿೖ᝵ϐਔǴ. మΟ॔(Seizaburo Shinobu)ǵ ઓ‫ك‬όΒ(Fuji Kamiya)ǵऍ୯૶‫ ޣ‬I. F.. ᝵ύ‫ٿ‬୯Ӆӕ฼ჄᗬᏯ ीฝǶ а౜Ϟၗ਑ٰ࣮Ǵߞϻమ. Stone. Ο॔‫زࣴޑ‬ᆶղᘐςௗ ߈٣ჴǶ I. F. Stone ᇡࣁࢂ‫܍׵‬ఁ ࡷᢂߎВԋǴࠄᗬчߟԶ Ꮴठчᗬϸᔐ‫ޑ‬ᢀᗺǴ೏ ຎࣁа੝ਸѰࢴ‫ٰࡋف‬ ඔቪ‫ޑ‬࿶‫ڂ‬բࠔǶ অ҅Ьက நܴථ(Bruce Cumings). ගрȨϣᏯፕȩ‫ޑ‬ፕᗺǶ. Ꮲࢴ. ᇡࣁӧᗬᏯύόૈஒೢ Һ೿ᘜ‫ߎܭ‬ВԋǴ‫܍׵‬ఁ ҭᔈाॄଆࡷᢂ‫ޑ‬ೢҺǶ. հᏯ୯ሞ ؇‫ד‬๮ǵླྀࠪ݊ǵ৪ฃǵ. ᗬᏯϝᙑࢂ᝵ᖄǵчᗬᆶ. ўᏢࢴ. ԙࡌᄪǵഋঋ(Jian Chen)ǵ ύӅӅᒉԶᛈว‫ޑ‬ǶЬᏤ. (‫܈‬ҭᆀ. ஭ᔛӀ(Shu Guang. ‫ޣ‬җচҁȨ໺಍ЬကᏢ. ࡕঅ҅Ь Zhang)ǵԘܴ݅ǵଭҸёǵ ࢴȩᇡࣁࢂўၲ݅ЬᏤǴ. 20.

(30) ကᏢࢴ). ߎܿӓǵଭථ੝ѭ(Vojtech ஒ‫ځ‬অ҅ࣁࢂߎВԋǵԘ Mastny)ǵЎӼҥ(Odd Arne Ꮶ ҉ ฻ ч ᗬ ሦ Ꮴ Γ ว ଆ Westad)ǵ‫ک‬Җࡾᐋ(Haruki Ꮿ‫ݾ‬Ǵ٠Ꮷᙖӭ୯ှஏᔞ Wada)ǵ‫ه‬Еֹᅟ(Kanji. ਢ଺рӭ‫ࡋف‬ǵӭБय़‫ޑ‬. Akagi)ǵ‫۝‬ჸࢶϻ(Sergei N. ‫ץ‬ղᆶፕॊǶ Goncharov)ǵ ၡܰγ(John W. Lewis)ǵᖙ౛ੀ(Li Tai Xue)ǵ Kathryn Weathersbyǵ嗃嗫嗩嘙嘋嘙嘘嘐嗘嘋嗉嘕嗄嗢嘘嗩嘌嗐嗯嗶(A.V. Torkunov)ǵΠЏԯ՜ϻ ຏǺբ‫ޣ‬Ծᇙ. 21.

(31) Βǵ‫۞ٿ‬ᅺറγፕЎࣴ‫ز‬౜‫ރ‬ ಃ΋ǵѠ᡼Ҟ߻ࣴ‫ز‬ᗬᏯБय़‫ޑ‬᝼ᚒ‫ޑ‬ᅺറγፕЎǴԖΟΜ΋ጇ ϐӭǶϣ৒ࣴ‫ز‬ՉࣁЬᡏࣁऍ୯‫ޑ‬ǴхࡴԖǺቅ‫ڻ‬ঢ়ȤᗬᏯᛈว߻ऍ ୯ჹѠ௦‫ڗ‬Ȩ೑Ћ਒ᢀȩࡹ฼‫ޑ‬،฼ၸำȥǵ‫׵‬ች։Ȥऍ୯ୖᆶᗬᏯ ‫ݯࡹޑ‬ၸำȥ ǵίٍྨȤᗬᏯය໔ऍ୯ჹᗬࡹ฼ϐࣴ‫ز‬ȥ฻฻Ƕ41ࣴ‫ز‬ ՉࣁЬᡏࣁύӅ‫ޑ‬ǴхࡴԖǺ৪࣬ЎȤЛᐛܿᆶᗬᏯǺϟΕङඳǵ، ฼ၸำ‫୏ک‬ᐒȥ ǵЦഌਤȤύӅ 50 ԃжѦҬࡹ฼‫ޑ‬Ӣનϩ‫݋‬ɡᗬᏯӢ નϐϩ‫݋‬ȥ ǵԘЏᅽȤύӅୖуᗬᏯচӢϐࣴ‫ز‬ȥ42฻฻ǶԶ૸ፕ΋ঁ Ьᡏа΢‫ޑ‬ԖǺဠठᡕȤᗬᏯᛈว߻ࡕ᝵ύ(Ӆ)ऍϕ୏ϐࣴ‫ز‬ (1945-1951)Ǻᇡ‫ޕ‬౛ፕ‫ޑ‬ᢀᗺϩ‫݋‬ȥǶ43஑‫૸ܭ‬ፕ᝵ᖄࣁՉࣁЬᡏ‫ޑ‬ ԖǺᎄ෕ኳȤ᝵ᖄӧᗬᏯύ‫فޑ‬ՅȥǶ44 ಃΒǵӧࣴ‫ز‬᝵ᖄǵύӅ‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄБय़Ǵεӭ೿ࢂаൂ΋୯ৎ ӧࡕհᏯਔය‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄࣁࣴ‫ز‬ख़ᗺǶӵᎄϘᇬȤ߮ᛥථ୯ሞᏯౣᆶ ୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼ว৖ϐࣴ‫ˇˇز‬᝵ࡕ߮ᛥථჹύ٥ࡹ฼‫׎ޑ‬ԋȥǵමဃ ໺ȤύӅӧΒΜ΋Шइϐ୯ৎӼӄᏯౣࣴ‫ز‬ȥ฻Ƕ45 41. ቅ‫ڻ‬ঢ়ǴȤᗬᏯᛈว߻ऍ୯ჹѠ௦‫ڗ‬Ȩ೑Ћ਒ᢀȩࡹ฼‫ޑ‬،฼ၸำȥǴѠчǺ఩ԢεᏢऍ୯ ࣴ‫܌ز‬ᅺγፕЎǴ2002 ԃǹ‫׵‬ች։ǴȤऍ୯ୖᆶᗬᏯ‫ݯࡹޑ‬ၸำȥǴѠчǺѠ᡼εᏢࡹ‫ݯ‬Ꮲ ࣴ‫܌ز‬ᅺγፕЎǴ1995 ԃǹίٍྨǴȤᗬᏯය໔ऍ୯ჹᗬࡹ฼ϐࣴ‫ز‬ȥǴѠчǺࡹ‫ݯ‬εᏢѦ Ҭࣴ‫܌ز‬ᅺγፕЎǴ1965 ԃǶ. 42. ৪࣬ЎǴȤЛᐛܿᆶᗬᏯǺϟΕङඳǵ،฼ၸำ‫୏ک‬ᐒȥǴѠчǺࡹ‫ݯ‬εᏢᐕўࣴ‫܌ز‬റγ ፕЎǴ2006 ԃǹЦഌਤǴȤύӅ 50 ԃжѦҬࡹ฼‫ޑ‬Ӣનϩ‫݋‬ɡᗬᏯӢનϐϩ‫݋‬ȥǴѠчǺࡹ ‫ݯ‬εᏢѦҬᏢ‫س‬Ꮿౣᆶ୯ሞ٣୍ᅺγӧᙍ஑੤ᅺγፕЎǴ2003 ԃǹԘЏᅽǴȤύӅୖуᗬᏯ চӢϐࣴ‫ز‬ȥǴѠчǺЎϯεᏢࡹ‫ݯ‬Ꮲࣴ‫܌ز‬റγፕЎǴ1974 ԃǶ. 43. ဠठᡕǴȤᗬᏯᛈว߻ࡕ᝵ύ(Ӆ)ऍϕ୏ϐࣴ‫(ز‬1945-1951)Ǻᇡ‫ޕ‬౛ፕ‫ޑ‬ᢀᗺϩ‫݋‬ȥǴѠчǺ ఩ԢεᏢ୯ሞ٣୍ᆶᏯౣࣴ‫܌ز‬ᅺγፕЎǴ2006 ԃǶ. 44. ᎄ෕ኳǴȤ᝵ᖄӧᗬᏯύ‫فޑ‬ՅȥǴѠчǺ఩ԢεᏢ᝵ᖄࣴ‫܌ز‬ᅺγፕЎǴ1995 ԃǶ. 45. ᎄϘᇬǴȤ߮ᛥථ୯ሞᏯౣᆶ୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼ว৖ϐࣴ‫──ز‬᝵ࡕ߮ᛥථჹύ٥ࡹ฼‫׎ޑ‬ԋȥǴ ѠчǺ఩ԢεᏢ߮ᛥථࣴ‫܌ز‬ᅺγፕЎǴ2003 ԃǹමဃ໺ǴȤύӅӧΒΜ΋Шइϐ୯ৎӼӄ. 22.

(32) ಃΟǵεഌӦ୔ӢࣁύӅϝࣁ୺ࡹ‫ޣ‬Ǵࡹ۬ჹᗬᏯ‫ݤ࣮ޑ‬Ѹ໪ߥ ࡭΋‫۔ޑۓ‬Б࣮‫کݤ‬ፕፓǴჹр‫ޑࠔހ‬ቩࢗΨၨࣁᝄ਱Ǵ‫܌‬аԖᜢᗬ ᏯБय़‫ޑ‬ፕЎ٠όӭǶറγፕЎύؒԖᜢ‫ܭ‬ᗬᏯࣴ‫ޑز‬ፕЎǶᅺγፕ Ўύ߾Ԗ஭ӓӼȤЛᐛܿ‫ޑ‬ჹ᝵Ꮿౣᆶ‫ל‬ऍජරȥǵϦᔏȤ᝵ᖄᆶර ᗲᏯ‫ݾ‬ȥ46฻ΜኧጇǶᜢ‫ܭ‬୯ৎӼӄࣴ‫ز‬᝼ᚒᆶύӅǵ᝵ᖄԖᜢ‫ޑ‬റ γፕЎࢂЦનҥȤЛᐛܿ୯ৎӼӄᢀࣴ‫ز‬ȥ ǴᅺγፕЎ߾Ԗ৪Ӏ໩Ȥፕ ЛᐛܿϖΜԃж‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄᏯౣࡘགྷȥ฻Ƕ47ӵ߻य़‫ޑ‬ፕЎၗ਑ёள ‫ޕ‬Ǵόፕࢂӧ‫زࣴ۞ٿ‬ᗬᏯ‫زࣴࢂ܈‬୯ৎӼӄБय़Ǵ‫ޣٿ‬೿ؒԖᜢ‫ܭ‬ ᝵ᖄǵύӅ‫ٿ‬Չࣁ‫ޣ‬ϕ୏‫ޑ‬Кၨϩ‫݋‬Ƕ ӧ΢ॊ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑྽ύǴԖ‫ޑ‬ၗ਑Ӣࣁࠞ‫ܭ‬Ԑයࣴ‫ز‬ၗ਑ۘ҂к‫܈ى‬ ࢂԖ٤ፕЎ٠҂੿҅‫ޑ‬ଞჹ‫܌‬ග‫زࣴޑ‬ᚒҞǴуаዂమǶࡺԶ฽‫ޣ‬჋ ၂ஒ΢ॊ΋٤҂ᇥܴమཱǵϝᙑሡाှเᅪൽ‫ޑ‬ୢᚒᗺӧҁፕЎύග рǴයࡑૈӧ‫ځ‬ύள‫زࣴډ‬ว౜ǴբࣁҁፕЎ‫ޑ‬ሽॶ‫܌‬ӧǶ. ಃϖ࿯ ፕЎࢎᄬ ಃ΋കᆣፕǴჹҁፕЎቪբБԄϷϣ৒εౣϟಏǶಃΒക௶ॊᗬ Ꮿਔය‫ޑ‬୯ሞङඳǶಃΟǵѤക߾ࢂϩձ‫ز݋‬ᗬᏯ߻ࡕ᝵ᖄᆶύӅ‫ޑ‬ ୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼Ƕಃϖക߾ௗុ߻‫ٿ‬കǴКၨ᝵ᖄǵύӅӧᗬᏯ߻ࡕ‫ޑ‬ ୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼ǶಃϤകࣁ่ፕǴ٠௖૸΋٤ᆶᗬᏯ࣬ᜢϐ୯ሞᜢ߯ǵ ѦҬࡹ฼‫࣬ޑ‬ᜢୢᚒǶ. Ꮿౣࣴ‫ز‬ȥǴѠчǺύѧ᝾ჸεᏢϦӅӼӄࣴ‫܌ز‬ᅺγፕЎǴ2002 ԃǶ 46. ஭ӓӼǴȤЛᐛܿ‫ޑ‬ჹ᝵Ꮿౣᆶ‫ל‬ऍජරȥǴ‫ۯ‬ᜐǺ‫ۯ‬ᜐεᏢᅺγፕЎǴ2010 ԃǹϦᔏǴȤ᝵ ᖄᆶරᗲᏯ‫ݾ‬ȥǴԔߑǺԔߑৣጄεᏢᅺγፕЎǴ2009 ԃǶ. 47. ЦનҥǴȤЛᐛܿ୯ৎӼӄᢀࣴ‫ز‬ȥǴҡৎಷǺ‫ݞ‬чৣጄεᏢറγፕЎǴ2009 ԃǹ৪Ӏ໩Ǵ ȤፕЛᐛܿϖΜԃж‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄᏯౣࡘགྷȥǴ‫ݓ‬ᅇǺ‫ݓ‬ᅇεᏢᅺγፕЎǴ2003 ԃǶ. 23.

(33) ಃΒക ᗬᏯ‫ޑ‬ङඳ ҁЎϩ‫݋‬ᗬᏯᛈวϐ߻‫ֽޑ‬༈ჹऍ᝵‫ׯ‬ᡂ‫ځ‬୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼‫ޑ‬চ ӢǶЬाှ‫݋‬ѤБय़Ǻ२ӃǴӧհᏯ௃༈Π‫ޑ‬୯ሞֽ༈ቹៜΠ‫ޑ‬ऍ᝵ ᜢ߯ჹҥ‫ܿޑ‬ч٥ֽ༈ǹ‫ځ‬ԛǴࣁύ୯ࡹ៾ܰЬǴύӅࡹ៾ԋҥϐࡕ ‫ک‬᝵ᖄ‫ޑ‬ӕ࿉ᜢ߯ӵՖჹऍ᝵ჹ‫׎ל‬ԋཥ‫ֽޑ‬༈ǹӆԛǴᖱॊᗬъ৞ ϩ຋ᆶऍ᝵ϩᆅᗬъ৞ϐࡕǴऍ᝵‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼ԵໆǹനࡕǴ߾ࢂ ჹ‫ٿ‬ᗬ‫ैޑ‬໗ബ೛‫ک‬Ꮿ‫ྗݾ‬ഢуаϩ‫݋‬ᆶ௖૸Ƕ. ಃ΋࿯ Ꮿࡕ‫ޑ‬୯ሞ௃༈ ΒᏯ่‫״‬ϐࡕǴѸ໪‫ݙ‬ཀ‫ࢂޑ‬୯ሞᡏ‫س‬ଆΑཱུεᡂϯᆶε୯֡ ༈‫׎‬Ԅ‫ޑ‬ว৖Ϸऍ᝵ཀ᛽ࠠᄊ‫ޑ‬ჹ‫ל‬Ƕӣ៝Ԑӧ 1941 ԃǴऍ୯‫ک‬᝵ ᖄӧኻࢪ‫ࡹޑ‬฼ջࢂ࣬ϕ৺ᚆ‫ޑ‬Ƕ1944 ԃаࡕऍ᝵ሦᏤΓϩձ଺Α όӕ‫ޑ‬،‫ۓ‬Ǵߋӓᅟόӕ‫ܭ‬ᛥථᅽ‫ޑ‬ᔖ࿼ࡹ฼Ǵᆶўၲ݅ઝஏ୘᝼ ΑԭϩК‫ۓڐ‬Ǵ،᝼ઝஏҐϩܿኻǶᗨ߾ߋӓᅟԐς࿶‫ޕ‬ၰᛥථᅽ‫ޑ‬ ҥ൑ࢂज़‫ڋ‬᝵ᖄࡌҥ௨д‫܄‬༈ΚጄൎǶ1 1945 ԃ 2 Д 11 В‫ܭ‬໡ᅟၲᛝ࿿‫ޑ‬ऍम᝵ઝஏ‫ۓڐ‬Ǵ٠ؒԖගϷ ΒᏯࡕ‫ޑ‬эሦᗬъ৞ऍ᝵ӵՖϩᆅ‫ࡹޑ‬฼Ƕӧ໡ᅟၲ཮᝼΢Ǵўၲ݅ ‫ک‬ऍमሦᏤΓ཮य़ਔǴा‫؃‬གྷाȨᏱԖᇻܿӦ୔‫ޑ‬όএෝȩ‫ڀ‬ᡏ‫ޑ܄‬ ࡹ‫܄ݯ‬ा‫؃‬ǴԶԜा‫؃‬Ψӧऍ᝵ሦᏤΓႣ਑ጄൎϐϣǶўၲ݅ा‫ޑ؃‬ ϣ৒хࡴΑચॷύ୯‫ޑ‬ਓ໩ࣁੇै୷Ӧǵεೱԋࣁ୯ሞෝǵѦᆾђ ᆢ࡭౜‫ރ‬Ǵύܿǵࠄᅈ៓ၡ(ӝᆀύߏၡ)ा೛ҥύ᝵ӝᔼ‫ޑ‬ϦљаϷ Вҁ‫ޑ‬ί৞ဂ৞‫ک‬৤।৞ሡाҬᗋ๏᝵߮Ǵӄ೽೿ࢂाஒ‫ځ‬࿼Ε᝵ 1. ᜢ‫ܭ‬ԭϩК‫ޑۓڐ‬၁ಒϣ৒Ǵё‫ـ‬Ǻֈഓঢ়᝿Ǵ߮Ƞў਑ȡᚇᇞጓ‫཮ہ‬๱ǴȤЫӓᅟᆶථε݅ Ⴤϩܿࠄኻ༈ΚጄൎǺ߮୯ᔞਢύ‫ޑ‬ԭϩК‫ۓڐ‬ȥǴȠհᏯ୯ሞўࣴ‫ز‬ȡǴ2006 ԃǴಃ 3 යǴ । 262-278Ƕ. 24.

(34) ᖄ‫ޑ‬ȨߥៈദȩϐΠǴܴዴࢂाӣൺ؅߮ਔжӧВ߮Ꮿ‫ݾ‬Ѩ௳ϐࡕ‫܌‬ Ѩѐ‫ޑ‬ሦβаϷ྽ਔ‫੻៾ޑ‬Ƕ2ўၲ݅ᆶֺηЎѦҬ೽ߏଞჹύ᝵చ ऊ‫ޑ‬ፋղਔ߄ҢǺȨВҁ҂ٰӧΒΜԃԿΟΜԃϣஒࡠൺ‫ځ‬ΚໆǴࣁ ֹԋ᝵ᖄӧᇻܿ‫ޑ‬୯ٛ‫س‬಍ǴεऊሡाѤΜԃ‫ޑ‬ਔ໔Ƕȩ3ё‫ـ‬᝵ᖄ ࣬྽ᏼኁΒᏯࡕВҁൺᑫ΋٣Ƕ ᝵ᖄӧΒᏯය໔ԖΒίΎԭ࿤ΓԝΫǴ΋ίΖԭ࿤Γ‫ڙ‬໾ǴЈ౛ ӕਔౢғ࣬ჹᝄख़‫ޑ‬ٛጄǵൔൺᆶόߞҺǶӧှஏ‫߮ޑ‬୯ᔞਢ္ߥӸ ๱ўၲ݅‫ک‬Ѧ୯૶‫ޣ‬ǵѦ୯ሦᏤΓ‫ޑ‬ፋ၉Ǵϣ৒ਡЈ೿ࢂᖱॊ᝵ᖄᏼ ኁቺ୯‫ِޑ‬ೲൺᑫǴ཮ख़ཥ࠶ુ᝵ᖄǶΒᏯаࡕऍ୯ᐱ՞ΑВҁǴჹ ऍ୯ሦᏤΓٰᇥǴऩࢂค‫ݤ‬௓‫ڋ‬Вҁள‫ە‬ǴВҁஒёૈ຾ΕӅౢ୮ ္ǶԶўၲ݅ΨჹВҁൺᑫϷВҁӵՖቹៜ᝵ᖄӼӄ‫ޑ‬٣௃ሥࣁӧ ཀǶ4 ӕԃǴ1945 ԃ 11 Д‫ޑ‬ऍ୯‫ޑ‬௃ൔൔ֋ӈᖐ᝵ᖄ‫ैޑ‬٣১ᗺϷ՗ ीట‫ׯ‬๓‫ޑ‬ԃज़Ǵӕਔࡰр᝵ᖄѸ໪ाૈ୼‫ׯ‬๓೭٤‫ޣ܈‬ᇥࢂᔆံ Α೭٤લᗺωёૈᜫཀߵ๱॥ᓀว୏Ꮿ‫ݾ‬ǶచӈӵΠǺ (΋). Ꮿ‫ݾ‬೷ԋ‫ޑ‬ΓΚ‫ک‬π཰ཞѨаϷᝄख़‫ޑ‬π཰ว৖ॹଏ (15 ԃ). 2. (Β). લЮ‫ೌמ‬Γ঩(5-15 ԃ). (Ο). લЮᏯౣ‫ैޜ‬೽໗(strategic air force)(5-10 ԃ). John W. Young, America, Russia, and the Cold War 1941-1998 (New York: Wesley Longman, 1999), pp.135-137.. 3. ᜢ‫ܭ‬ύ᝵చऊ‫ک‬໡ᅟၲ‫ۓڐ‬ჹКᆶ໡ᅟၲ‫ޑۓڐ‬ϣ৒Ǵё‫ـ‬Ǻጯ҉ལǴȤֺηЎўၲ݅ύ᝵చ ऊፋղइჴȥǵȤֺηЎўၲ݅ύ᝵చऊፋղइჴ─ុ΋ȥǴ֡ԏᒵ‫ܭ‬Ƞ໺૶ЎᏢȡǴ҇ 77(1988)ԃǴಃ 10ǵ11 යǴ। 76-82ǵ79-86Ƕ. 4. ഋঋǵഋϐֻ᝿ǴMelvyn P. Leffler ๱ǴȤհᏯࢂӵՖ໒‫ޑۈ‬ǻȥǴȠ୯ሞհᏯўࣴ‫ز‬ȡǴ2004 ԃǴಃ 1 යǴ। 103-112Ƕ. 25.

(35) (Ѥ). લЮ౜жੇै(ሡ 15-20 ԃωளаว୏ੋϷख़εੇैՉ୏ ‫ޑ‬Ꮿ‫)ݾ‬. (ϖ). ᝵ᖄ៓ၡ‫ैک‬٣ၮᒡ‫س‬಍લЮးഢ(10 ԃ). (Ϥ). ᝵ᖄ‫ޑ‬ҡ‫ݨ‬ǵ៓ၡ‫ک‬ख़ा‫ޑ‬π཰ύЈࣁ‫ځ‬১ᗺǴܰ‫ߏڙ‬ ำ៎ࣆᐒ‫װ‬ᔐ. (Ύ). લЮਡቸ‫װ‬ᔐૈΚ(5-10 ԃǴ‫׳ࢂޣ܈‬Ͽ‫ ܭ‬5-10 ԃ). (Ζ). ς՞ሦ୯ৎ‫(לܢޑ‬5 ԃ‫׳ޣ܈‬Ͽ‫ ܭ‬5 ԃ). (ΐ). ӧᇻܿै٣ኧໆ‫ޑ‬১ᗺ─੝ձࢂੇै(15-20 ԃ). ӧԜൔ֋ύϩ‫݋‬ॊܴǴ᝵ᖄอයϣؒԖૈΚวଆᏯ‫ݾ‬Ǵ٩՗ी ाӧ 15 ԃԿ 20 ԃωԖёૈǶӵ᝵ᖄै໗‫ޑ‬Ҭ೯ၮᒡБԄᝄख़ပࡕǴ Ⴃ՗‫ ډ‬1950 ԃ(5 ԃаࡕ)ωளа‫ׯ‬๓ǶԶੇǵ‫ࣁ֡ैޜ‬᝵ै‫ޑ‬১໨Ǵ ่ፕࢂҗ೭ጇൔ֋ύёа࣮рǴ᝵ᖄԿϿӧ 15 ԃϐϣ(Կ 1960 ԃ)ό ܰ௴୏Ꮿ‫ݾ‬Ǵ1945 ԃ‫ޑ‬᝵ᖄ‫ैޑ‬Κϝόእऍ୯Ƕ5 1945 ԃֺηЎ‫ک‬ўၲ݅‫ޑ‬ύ᝵చऊፋղϐύǴ1945 ԃ 7 Д 2 В ჹ‫ܭ‬රᗲୢᚒ଺Α૸ፕǶ6வӦ౛చҹ΢ٰ࣮Ǵ᝵ᖄऩࢂाࠄΠᝩុ வ٣Ꮿ‫ݾ‬ՉࣁǴٗሶࢂ༈ӧѸՉ‫ޑ‬ा՞ሦᗬъ৞ӄნǶՠ᝵ᖄӢࣁቺ ᝵Ꮿ‫ޑݾ‬ቹៜԶ஑Ј‫ܭ‬୯ϣࡌ೛ǴΨคΚᆶऍ୯‫ޔ‬ௗჹ‫ל‬Ǵ‫܌‬а٠ό གྷᆶऍ୯วғ‫ޔ‬ௗ‫ޑ‬ፂँǴჹ‫ܭ‬ऍ୯ගрኩ‫ۓ‬௛ࡼஒऍ᝵‫ޑ‬эሦጕа 5. ࣬ᜢ၁ಒϩ‫݋‬ϣ৒Ǵё‫ـ‬ǺMathew A. Evangelista, “Stalin’s Postwar Army Reappraised,” International Security, Vol. 7, No. 3,Winter 1982-1983, pp.110-138ǹ ჹ‫ ܭ‬1945-1947 ԃऍ୯ JIC ჹ᝵ᖄႣෳ‫ޑ‬ϩ‫݋‬Ǵёќ‫ـ‬ǹLarry A. Valero, “The American Joint Intelligence Committee and Estimates of the Soviet Union, 1945-1947,” pp.65-80. ё‫ ـ‬CIA ᆛઠ. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/su mmer00/art06.html#rft0. 6. ጯ҉ལǴȤֺηЎўၲ݅ύ᝵చऊፋղइჴ─ុֹȥǴȠ໺૶ЎᏢȡǴ҇ 78(1989)ԃǴಃ 1 යǴ । 120-128Ƕ. 26.

(36) чጎ 38 ࡋࣁࣚஒᗬъ৞΋ϩࣁΒ‫ޑ‬ගਢǴ᝵ᖄࠀமௗ‫ڙ‬Αऍ୯‫ޑ‬ග ਢǶவԜਔ໒‫ࠄۈ‬чᗬҗऍ᝵ϩᆅǴчᗬᐋҥΑа‫ڙ‬᝵ᖄࡰᏤ‫ߎޑ‬В ԋࣁ२‫ޑ‬Ӆౢលࡹ៾Ǵ٠аԜዴҥΑчᗬ‫ޑ‬಍‫ݯ‬ᡏ‫ڋ‬Ƕ чᗬᏱԖ᝵ᖄ‫ޑ‬Ѧ೽‫܄‬Ѝ࡭Ǵ‫׎‬ԋၨࣁቶ‫ޑݱ‬಍΋ᏯጕǴϸჹ༈ Κεᖐ຾ΕࠄᗬǴ٬ߎВԋ‫ޑ‬ሦᏤ໘ቫВᅌᎡ‫ڰ‬Ƕ࣬ჹчᗬǴࠄᗬ߾ Ӹӧ๱Ѱѓ‫ࢴٿ‬Γγ‫ޑ‬ፂँǴࡹֽ࡭ុೀ‫ܭ‬όӼǶᖄӝ୯ 1947 ԃ 11 Д 14 В،‫ۓ‬ӧᗬъ৞ӄნᖐՉᕴᒧᖐǴчᗬ߾‫๊ܔ‬ΑԜගਢǶ1947 ԃ 5 Д 10 ВǴࠄᗬӧᖄӝ୯‫ޑ‬ᅱ࿎ϐΠᖐՉᕴᒧᖐǴ1947 ԃ 7 Дࠄ ᗬ୯཮‫ुڋ‬ΑࠄᗬᏦ‫ݤ‬Ǵ1947 ԃ 8 Д‫܍׵‬ఁ྽ᒧࣁࠄᗬ२Һᕴ಍Ǵ ࠄᗬࡹ۬࠹թԋҥǶࣁΑჹ‫ ל‬1947 ԃ 5 Дࠄᗬ‫ޑ‬ᕴᒧᖐǴчᗬӧ 1947 ԃ 8 ДΨჴࡼΑനଯΓ҇཮᝼ж᝼঩ᒧᖐǴ௢ᒧߎВԋ྽ᒧ२࣬Ǵ 1947 ԃ 9 ДчᗬനଯΓ҇཮᝼Ψ࠹թ೯ၸчᗬᏦ‫ݤ‬Ǵчᗬࡹ۬Ψӧ ᒿࡕԋҥǶ7 ೭ਔ‫ޑ‬ύ୯Ǵ҅ೀ‫ܭ‬୯ӅϣᏯǴࣁΑ٬᝵ᖄૈ୼Ѝ࡭୯۬Ǵၱᆶ ‫ځ‬ᛝुύ᝵϶ӳӕ࿉చऊǶ8ѦҬ೽ߏЦШ݇В૶ύ૶ॊύ୯‫ک‬᝵ᖄ ᛝुԜ΋όѳ฻చऊϐӢǴӧ‫ܭ‬Ȩ‫(ך‬ύ୯)ऩࢂ٣߻҂ᆶ(᝵ᖄ)Ԗ‫܌‬ ‫ۓڐ‬Ǵ߾(΋)᝵ᖄै຾ΕܿΟ࣪ࡕǴሦβЬ៾аϷ࿶ᔮճ੻ǴѸ‫׳‬ᜤ ԏӣǹ(Β)ύӅᆶ᝵ᖄ‫܈‬ഖวғ҅Ԅᜢ߯ǶΥԜ֡٬‫ך‬ค಍΋ǴҭЪ ჹϣჹѦ֡ค‫ک‬ѳϐёૈǶȩ9. 7. ᙁԢբǴȠᗬ୯ᐕўᆶ౜жᗬ୯ȡǴѠчǺѠ᡼୘୍ӑਜᓔǴ2005 ԃǴ। 200-202Ƕ. 8. ᜢ‫ܭ‬ύ᝵చऊᛝुၸำᆶўၲ݅‫ֺک‬ηЎ೽ߏ‫ޑ‬ፋղϣ৒Ǵё‫ـ‬Ǻጯ҉ལǴȤֺηЎўၲ݅ύ ᝵చऊፋղइჴȥǵȤֺηЎўၲ݅ύ᝵చऊፋղइჴ─ុ΋ȥǵȤֺηЎўၲ݅ύ᝵చऊፋ ղइჴ─ុΒȥǵȤֺηЎўၲ݅ύ᝵చऊፋղइჴ─ុֹȥǴ֡ԏᒵ‫ܭ‬Ƞ໺૶ЎᏢȡǴ҇ 77(1988)ԃǵ҇ 89(1989)ԃǴಃ 10-12 යǵಃ 1 යǴ। 76-82ǵ79-86ǵ72-80ǵ120-128Ƕ. 9. ጯ҉ལǴȤவȨЦШ݇В૶ȩ࣮ύ᝵࿉ऊ‫ޑ‬ᛝुȥǴȠ໺૶ЎᏢȡǴ҇ 79(1990)ԃǴಃ 6 යǴ । 29-36Ƕ. 27.

(37) ύ᝵చऊ‫ޑ‬ᛝुǴচҁࢂ‫׆‬ఈύ୯ёаӧᏯࡕள‫ډ‬಍΋ᆶӼ‫ۓ‬Ǵ ՠ‫่݀ځ‬፾ள‫ځ‬ϸǶฅԶ൩ӵֺηЎ‫܌‬ᇥȨӵύ୯ம౰Ǵ߾᝵ᖄόठ ४ᐒǹց߾৮όૈჴ፬ᒍ‫(ق‬ཀࡰ᝵ᖄѝ‫܍‬ᇡ୯۬Ǵ᝵ᖄජշΨѝ໣ ύ‫ܭ‬୯۬)Ƕȩ10җ‫ܭ‬ύ୯ֽ༈ష໶ǴύӅӧ୯ӅϣᏯ࿯࿯യճϐΠǴ ୯۬೏ॐኞᎂٰѠǴύӅၱӧ 1949 ԃ 10 Д࠹թࡌ୯Ƕύ୯εഌ‫ࡹޑ‬ ៾཮ᙯ౽‫ډ‬ύӅЋύǴջёаᇥନΑύ୯ҁ‫ޑي‬ϩ຋ϐѦǴ໡ᅟၲ‫ڐ‬ ‫کۓ‬ύ᝵చऊ‫ޑ‬ᛝुΨࢂ‫ځ‬ύচӢϐ΋Ƕ ӕਔය‫ޑ‬ኻࢪǴ᝵ᖄອ๱ୖᆶΒᏯ‫ޑ‬ᐒ཮Ǵ٬ளѬ‫ैޑ‬Κᐉ௟᏾ ঁܿኻᆶύኻǴࣗԿ຾эቺ୯‫ܿޑ‬೽Ǵѝाࢂआै‫ޑډ܌‬ӦБǴ൩ ୻෌Ӆౢល‫ޑ‬༈ΚǴࡌҥᒃ᝵ࡹ៾Ƕ‫ ډޔ‬1948 ԃǴόӕ‫ܿܭ‬ኻፏ ୯Ǵࠄථ܎ϻӅលሦ೑‫إ‬Ԏ(Josip B. Tito)ԋࣁᏯࡕ२Ӄඪਇ‫ي‬ჹ‫ל‬Ъ ᆶўၲ݅،຋ϐӅលሦᏤΓǶ Ꮿࡕ‫ޑ‬ўၲ݅ஒऍ୯྽բእЋǴՠ೭٠όૈᇥўၲ݅΋໒‫ۈ‬൩‫׆‬ ఈᡣШֽࣚ༈วғȨհᏯȩ11ǶӧჹѦࡹ฼Бय़Ǵўၲ݅ࡽाᆢៈԾ ρӧ୯ϣ‫ޑ‬ӦՏǴΨाᆢៈ᝵ᖄ೯ၸ 1939 ԃ᝵ቺచऊ‫܌‬ᕇளӧܿኻ ‫ޑ‬ճ੻Ƕ12ўၲ݅Ծ 1941 ԃ‫ ډ‬1946 ԃ‫ޑ‬ѦҬࡹ฼և౜‫ࢂޑ‬΋ᅿλЈ. 10. ጯ҉ལǴȤֺηЎўၲ݅ύ᝵చऊፋղइჴȥǴ। 76-82Ƕ. 11. ჹհᏯ‫ۺཷޑ‬ǴΓॺԖόӕ‫ޑ‬౛ှǴӢԶჹհᏯวғ‫ޑ‬ԃжԖӚᅿᇥ‫ݤ‬Ƕ Ԗ‫ޑ‬ᇡࣁհᏯวғӧᏯࡕऍ᝵ჹ‫ל‬໒‫ޑۈ‬ԃжǹԖ‫ޑ‬ᇡࣁวғӧΒᏯࡕය᝵ᖄᆶՋБ࿉୯ϐ ໔р౜ҟ࣯‫ک‬຋౩‫ޑ‬ਔংǹᗋԖ‫ޑ‬ᇡࣁԐӧ߮୯ΜДॠ‫ڮ‬ԋфаࡕհᏯਔж໒‫ۈ‬ǶόၸǴ΋ ૓ᇥٰǴಃ΋ᅿ࣮‫ࣁݤ‬ӭኧΓ‫܌‬ௗ‫ڙ‬ǶᏃᆅӧᏤठհᏯᛈว‫ڀޑ‬ᡏਔ໔‫ک‬٣ҹ΢ۘԖϩ‫ݔ‬Ǵ ՠհᏯ‫ޑ‬੝‫ۓ‬ཀကӧ‫ܭ‬аऍ᝵‫ٿ‬୯ࣁύЈ‫ޑ‬Шࣚ‫ٿ‬ε໣ი‫׎ޑ‬ԋ٠ೀ‫ܭ‬ჹ‫ރל‬ᄊ߾ࢂӅ᛽Ƕ հᏯଆྍ‫ޑ‬ᐕўԖΠӈϖঁচӢᏤठǺԾಃΒԛШࣚεᏯය໔ऍ᝵‫ٿ‬୯ӧᏯ‫ݾ‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬Бय़‫ޑ‬ᝄ ख़ׁ౦‫܌‬೷ԋǵᏯਔჹ᝵ᖄચॷජշୢᚒ‫ک‬໒៘ಃΒᏯ൑ୢᚒǵհᏯՉ୏ᆶഩࠄ‫ޑ‬Ȩߏႝ ൔȩǵቺ୯ୢᚒǵ‫׹‬ᎹߐЬက฻฻Ƕ. 12. Ԑය‫ޑ‬᝵ᖄჹѦࡹ฼ǴёୖԵǺವࢶԎϻǴȠჹѦࡹ฼ᖂܴ 1945 ԃ 4 ДԿ 1948 ԃ 11 Дਔය ύ‫ޑ‬ᄽᇥ‫ک‬ᖂܴȡǴವථࣽǺѦ୯Ўਜᝤр‫ֽހ‬Ǵ1950 ԃǶ၁ಒຑॊўၲ݅ჹѦࡹ฼‫ޑ‬೽ ϩǴё‫ـ‬ǺJoseph S. Nye Jr., Understanding International Conflicts (New York: Longman, 6th ed.,. 28.

(38) Ъᙣ཈‫ޑ‬౜ჴЬကբ‫ݤ‬Ǵ13ўၲ݅ճҔमऍሦᏤΓჹ‫࣬ܭ‬ϕ୯ৎճ੻ ‫ޑ‬ԵໆԶளа௓‫ܿڋ‬ኻǶ ԖϤঁୢᚒᡣऍ୯ፓ᏾Α୯ৎӼӄᏯౣǴᏤठհᏯ‫ޑ‬ᛈวǶୢᚒ ӵΠǺ (΋). ‫ݢ‬ើ‫ܿک‬ኻୢᚒ─ऍ୯᝺ள‫ډڙ‬᝵ᖄ‫ුޑ‬ᜱǶ. (Β). ऍ୯ӧ 1945 ԃಖЗચॷජշीฝǴ1946 ԃ‫๊ܔ‬᝵ᖄ‫ޑ‬ສ ීा‫؃‬Ƕ. (Ο). ቺ୯ୢᚒ‫ޑ‬Ꮿࡕ፝ᓭීୢᚒ─ऍ᝵ჹቺ୯ख़ࡌ‫ޑ‬БԄр ౜ϩ‫ݔ‬Ƕ. (Ѥ). ܿ٥ୢᚒ─᝵ᖄόૈᕇளВҁ‫ޑ‬՞ሦ୔ǴӢࣁᡣऍ୯ᖄགྷ ‫ډ‬ΑܿኻୢᚒǶ. (ϖ). চηቸୢᚒ─᝵ᖄӧ 1949 ԃΨࣴᇙԋфǴჹऍ୯୯ৎӼ ӄ೷ԋ࠶ુǶ. (Ϥ). ܿӦύੇ‫ک‬ύܿ─᝵ᖄགྷाҲਟ‫ޑ‬ҡ‫ݨ‬ǵᆶβԸ‫ځ‬Ӆᆅၲ ၲѭᅟੇ৙ǴаϷ‫׆‬ᛪϣᏯǴ‫׆‬ᛪӅល࣮ଆٰёૈ཮ᕇள യճǴԶ٬ளՋБ࣬ߞ᝵ᖄ҅ӧᘉ஭༈ΚጄൎǶ14. Զўၲ݅ΨჹՋБుԖᅪቾǴӵΒᏯਔՋБ‫ࡹޑ‬฼΢΋‫ޔ‬҂ૈ ໒៘ಃΒᏯ൑΋٣Ǵჹ‫҅ܭ‬ӧ຾ՉӵОӵಽ‫ޑ‬᝵ቺᏯ‫ޑݾ‬ӕਔǴό ளό٬ўၲ݅ᚶᅪд‫ޑ‬Ꮿਔӕ࿉ࢂցёߞ15Ƕ. 2006), pp.120-121ǹѳϔ϶ကǴȤհ䧝喒嗞ೱ─䧝ࡕ嗚嗠嘙嘋嘔ᥟ‫ڋ‬喘ዴҥၸำȥǴȠ㡚ሞࡹ ‫ݯ‬ȡǴ53 㛦Ǵࡿ‫ ک‬50(1975)ԃǴ। 72-94Ƕ 13. Joseph S. Nye Jr., Understanding International Conflicts, p. 12ǹWalter Laffber, America, Russia, and the Cold War1945-2006 (New Work: McGraw-Hill, 10th ed., 2008), pp. 21-23.. 14. Joseph S. Nye Jr., Understanding International Conflict, pp. 121-126ǹჹ‫ܭ‬ўၲ݅ा‫؃‬ವ ࢶԎϻᡣ໵ੇᝮ໗ԖӦύੇ‫ޑ‬рੇαǴವࢶԎϻ࡭όӕཀ‫ـ‬Ƕ‫ـ‬Цࠄ݄฻᝿Ǵ຤ɄЫओϻ๱Ǵ ȠӕವࢶԎϻ‫ ޑ‬140 ԛፋ၉ȡ(Molotov Remembers: Inside Kremlin Politics: Conversations with Felix Chuev)Ǵч٧Ǻཥ๮р‫ޗހ‬Ǵ1992 ԃǴ। 123-124Ƕ. 29.

(39) ӣ៝ 1943 ԃǴўၲ݅ှණΑӅౢ୯ሞǴ೭٠ߚўၲ݅‫ܫ‬క௓‫ڋ‬ д୯ӅౢលǴԶࢂᙖԜඤ‫ڗ‬ՋБ࿉୯‫ޑ‬ӝբǶӵ‫ݤ‬Ӆ‫ޑ‬௃‫ݩ‬Ǵ߾όࢂ ᡣ‫ݤ‬Ӆૈаღ‫ࣁ៾ࡹڗ‬ЬǴԶࢂаඤ‫ڗ‬ऍमᓨ೚᝵ᖄӧܿኻ‫ޑ‬Չ୏Ƕ ўၲ݅‫ޑ‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬٠ߚࢂԵቾ‫ډ‬Шࣚॠ‫ڮ‬ǴԶࢂஒ߮୯‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄᆶ дঁΓ‫៾ޑ‬Κ‫ܫ‬ӧ२ՏǶўၲ݅‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼‫ځ‬ჴࢂ΋ठ‫ޑ‬Ǵᡂϯ ‫ޑ‬ѝࢂਔᐒ‫ک‬฼ౣǶ࣬ჹӦǴऍ୯߾όࢂٗሶܴዴǶ16җ‫ܿܭ‬ኻ‫ޑ‬ୢ ᚒǴԶᡣऍ୯ჹ᝵ᖄຫٰຫόߞҺǶ 1946 ԃऍ୯ୖᒉߏᖄৢ཮᝼ठ୯୍ଣЎҹ္Ǵଞჹഩࠄ‫ߏޑ‬ႝ ൔᢀᗺǴჹऍ୯‫ޑ‬ѦҬࡹ฼଺раै٣‫ޑࡋف‬ຑ՗Ǵ᝵ᖄै٣Κໆ ‫ޑ‬ᛙ‫کۓ‬ว৖ჹऍ୯ٰᇥࢂനε‫ુ࠶ޑ‬ǶԜЎҹΨࢂಃ΋ԛܴዴග рऍ୯‫๊ޑ‬ჹӼӄҞ኱ǴΨࢂШࣚӼӄ୤΋നख़ाϐै٣ӢનǴջࢂ ऍ୯‫๊ޑ‬ჹै٣ӼӄǶ17 1946 ԃўၲ݅‫ߋک‬ӓᅟϩձว߄ΑȨհᏯ࠹‫ق‬ȩϐࡕǴ‫׹‬Ꮉߐ 1947 ԃ 3 ДЬ஭ऍ୯ाჹ‫܌‬ԖԾҗ୯ৎΓ҇ග‫ٮ‬ᔅշǴ1947 ԃ 6 Д ऍ୯୯୍ঙଭྂᅟගрΑȨଭྂᅟीჄȩǴ଺ࣁජշՋኻᏯࡕख़ࡌ‫ޑ‬ ජշᡏ‫ڋ‬Ƕᗨฅܿኻ୯ৎமਗ਼‫׆‬ఈགྷவȨଭྂᅟीჄȩύᕇளජշǴ ՠӧ᝵ᖄமε‫ޑ‬ᓸΚϐΠόளό‫ܫ‬కୖᆶǶ൩೭ኬǴଭྂᅟीฝԋ ࣁѝԖՋБ҇Ь୯ৎୖᆶ‫ޑ‬ൺᑫीฝǴԋࣁኻࢪϩ຋‫ޑ‬ϩНᔂǴԶऍ ᝵ջ໒‫ۈ‬Α۶Ԝ‫ޑ‬ჹҥǶ18 15. ‫׳‬Ԑҭёӣྉ‫ ډ‬1917 ԃԿ 1920 ԃǴՋБࢴᇾै໗຾Ε߮୯ǹ1930 ԃжǴՋБ‫ک๊ܔ‬᝵ᖄӝ բǹ1938 ԃՋБஒ‫׆‬੝ୌ‫ޑ‬ୢᚒ௢ӛ᝵ᖄǹՋБӭԛӧ໒៘ಃΒᏯ൑΢१‫ق‬ǹ1945 ԃՋБ ၂კ຾Εўၲ݅ᇡࣁჹ᝵ᖄӼӄख़ा‫ޑ‬Ӧ୔ǴёૈЇଆ᝵ᖄሦᏤΓόߞҺՋБǶ. 16. Walter Laffber, America, Russia, and the Cold War 1945-2006, pp. 9-31.. 17. ‫ܴࡌڬ‬ǵЦԋԿЬጓǴȠऍ୯୯ৎӼӄᏯౣှஏЎ᝘ᒧጓ 1945-1972ȡಃ΋нǴч٧Ǻ‫཮ޗ‬Ў ᝘р‫ޗހ‬Ǵ2010 ԃǴ। 24-25Ƕ. 18. ᜢ‫ܭ‬հᏯ‫ޑ‬ଆྍǴӧፕ‫ޑݾ‬ၸำύр౜ΟᅿЬࢬᢀᗺǶϩࣁ໺಍ЬကᏢࢴǵঅ҅ЬကᏢࢴϷ. 30.

(40) ᝵ᖄࣁΑ‫ک‬ՋБჹ‫ל‬Ǵ1947 ԃ 9 ДԋҥΑӅౢល௃ൔֽǴ௢୏ ܿኻፏ୯ԋࣁ‫ځ‬ፁࢃ୯ǶӕਔǴՋኻࣁΑӅӕٛፁ᝵ᖄǴԶӧ 1949 ԃԋҥΑчεՋࢩϦऊಔᙃ(North Atlantic Treaty Organization, аΠ ᙁᆀ NATO)ǴΨബࡌΑ NATO ै໗Ƕ19Զӧ൳ϺࡕǴ᝵ᖄ߾ԋфࣴ วΑё‫ک‬ऍ୯ਡ‫לݓ‬ᑽ‫ޑ‬চηቸ၂ᛈǴ᝵ᖄ‫ݓޑ‬ΚςฅຬрΑऍ୯‫ޑ‬ ёႣෳጄൎǶ. ࡕঅ҅ЬကᏢࢴ(‫܈‬ҭᆀհᏯ୯ሞўᏢࢴ)ϐΟᅿЬࢬᢀᗺǶ ໺಍ЬကᏢࢴж߄Ꮲ‫ޣ‬ǺAuthur SchlesingerǵHerbert FeisǵAdam UlamǵPhilip Moselyǵ George KennanǶ౛ፕਡЈǺհᏯࢂҗ᝵ᖄ‫ߟޑ‬ౣՉࣁ‫܌‬ЇଆǴॐ٬ऍ୯௦Ҕၷ‫ࡹڋ‬฼Ƕ౛ፕ ࢎᄬǺ᝵ᖄ၂კӧ୯Ѧࡷ୏ӅౢЬကॠ‫ޔکڮ‬ௗ՞ሦ‫ڬ‬ᜐሦβ‫ޑ‬БԄᘉεԾρ‫ޑ‬༈ΚጄൎǶ ᆶ࠶ુ౛ፕ‫ک‬ђ‫ڂ‬౜ჴЬက΋ठǴԜᏢࢴ‫ޑ‬Ꮲ‫ޣ‬ᇡࣁǴଷ‫ۓ‬᝵ᖄᚶԖእཀǴԶ‫ځ‬ӅౢЬက‫ޑ‬ ཀ᛽‫׎‬ᄊΨ‫ک‬ՋБόӕǴόፕࢂऍϯ୯ϣᙼᓸՉ৩‫ޑ‬ሡाǴ‫ࢂ܈‬᝵ᖄ࡭Ԗ᝵ᖄ‫ޑ‬Ӽӄሡा೭ ᅿӰགྷ. ᢀᗺǴց߾‫ঁٿ‬ຬભம୯ࡐԖёૈ཮ӝբӅ٣Ƕ. অ ҅ Ь က Ꮲ ࢴ ж ߄ Ꮲ ‫ ޣ‬Ǻ Gabriel Kolko ǵ William Appleman Williams ǵ Thomas McCormickǵDavid HorowitzǶ౛ፕਡЈǺᆶ໺಍ࢴ࣬ϸǴ‫ע‬ε೽ϩ‫ޑ‬ೢҺ௢๏ऍ୯Ƕ౛ፕࢎ ᄬǺ1945-1947 ԃǴ҅྽᝵ᖄሦᏤΓठΚ‫ܭ‬Ꮿࡕख़ࡌਔǴऍ୯௦‫ڗ‬Α΋‫س‬ӈ‫ޑ‬እჹՉ୏ǶԿ ‫ܭ‬ऍ୯௦‫ڗ‬እჹՉ୏‫ޑ‬চӢǴᏢ‫ـ߾ॺޣ‬Ϙ‫ـ‬ඵǴჹଭլࡘЬကঅ҅ࢴԶ‫ق‬Ǵऍ୯ሦᏤΓո Κ௢ՉӄౚၗҁЬကǴаᗉխ૰ଏǶԖ΋٤Ꮲ‫߾ޣ‬ᇡࣁǴऍ୯‫ޑ‬Չࣁࢂҗ΋‫س‬ӈፄᚇ‫ޑ‬Ӣન ‫܌‬೷ԋǴ‫ځ‬ύό໻Ԗ࿶ᔮБय़‫୏ޑ‬ᐒǴԶЪΨԖӼӄӰགྷੱ‫ޑ‬ԋϩ‫ک‬ჹՋኻวғӅౢЬကॠ ‫ޑڮ‬೭ᅿёૈ‫ޑ܄‬྾‫׎‬౛ှǶ ࡕ অ ҅ Ь က Ꮲ ࢴ ( ‫ ܈‬ҭ ᆀ հ Ꮿ ୯ ሞ ў Ꮲ ࢴ ) ж ߄ Ꮲ ‫ ޣ‬Ǻ John Lewis Gaddis ǵ Geir LundestadǵDaniel YerginǵRobert PollardǶ౛ፕਡЈǺᑼӝ،฼‫ঁޣ‬Γ(individual level)ǵ୯ ϣࡹ‫(ݯ‬domestic level)‫ک‬୯ሞᜢ߯(international level)Ӣન฻Οᅿቫԛࣁ΋ᡏ‫کྕޑ‬ǵ‫ש‬૱‫ޑ‬ ᢀᗺǶ౛ፕࢎᄬǺ२ӃǴհᏯ‫ޑ‬ଆྍࢂӼӄ‫ٿ‬ᜤᒧ᏷‫ޑ‬΋ᅿൿቃ่݀Ƕ‫ঁٿ‬ຬம୯ৎ೿ӧ൨ ‫؃‬ӼӄǴԶ‫؂‬΋БᇡࣁჹБΞᇡࣁќ΋Б‫ڀ‬Ԗߟౣ‫܄‬ǶҺՖ΋Б‫ޑ‬மฯՉࣁѝ཮уుჹБ೭ ኬ‫ޑ‬ག᝺ǴჹБ֡‫׆‬ఈќ΋Б೏੃ྐǶ೭ኬ΋ٰǴእཀߡόᘐϲભǴߡ΋‫ډុ࡭ޔ‬ΒΜШइ ΋ΐΖ○ԃжǶ ԖᜢհᏯ‫ޑ‬ଆྍϐ࣬ᜢࣴ‫ز‬Ў᝘Ǵё‫ـ‬ǺJoseph S. Nye Jr., Understanding International Conflicts, pp. 115-156;Walter Laffber, America, Russia, and the Cold War 1945-2006, pp. 34-55ǹ Robert J. McMahon & Thomas G. Paterson eds., The Origins of the Cold War (Boston, Mass. : Houghton Mifflin , 4th ed., 1999). 19. ЦЎဖ᝿ǴᇻᛯଳጓǴȠኻࢪ಍ӝўȡǴѠчǺϖࠄр‫ޗހ‬Ǵ2010 ԃǴ। 116-185Ƕ. 31.

(41) NATO ԋҥаࡕǴ᝵ᖄ‫ܿک‬ኻፏ୯Ӆӕᖄӝჹ‫ ל‬NATOǶўၲ݅ ‫ ډޔ‬1950 ԃ೿ӧ௢Չैπፄӝᡏ‫୷ޑ‬ᘵǴᔅշܿቺ‫ޑ‬᝵ै‫ܿک‬ኻፏ ୯‫ैޑ‬ഢቚமǶ٩ྣᇲᎹഓϻ‫ޑ‬ӣᏫᒵǴўၲ݅ߚதᏼኁၗҁЬက‫ޑ‬ ຾‫װ‬Ǵ੝ձࢂऍ୯ჹ᝵ᖄ‫װޑ‬ᔐǶ ྽ਔўၲ݅ᏼЈ‫ޑ‬Ԗ‫ঁٿ‬ୢᚒǴ΋ঁࢂШࣚᏯ‫ݾ‬ϝ཮‫ࡆܭ‬୯Ьက ϐ໔วғǴќ΋ঁ߾ࢂ᝵ᖄ‫ޑ‬১ᗺӢࣁᏯ‫ݾ‬ϐࡺԶ೏ኪ៛рٰǶ20 1948 ԃ 2 ДԿ 6 Д‫ޑ‬উඩ཮᝼аࡕǴӧՋБᏼኁ᝵ᖄ‫ޑ‬ᘉ஭ϐ ΠǴᐋҥΑՋቺࡹ۬Ƕ1948 ԃ 6 ДӧՋБΟঁ՞ሦ୔ᘐฅჴՉ೤ჾ ‫ׯ‬ॠǴўၲ݅ჹԜᝄख़‫ל‬᝼Ǵ໒‫࢙݅ᙹ࠾ۈ‬Ƕҗ‫ܭ‬Ѳ܎਱ࡹᡂ‫࢙ک‬ ݅ӒᐒǴࡐమཱӦǴܿǵՋቺаϷኻࢪ‫ޑ‬ϩ຋ςฅόёᗉխǶ21 ύӅ‫ޑ‬༈Κ҅В੻ᘉ஭Ǵ྽ӅैၠຫߏԢࠄ຾Ǵऍ୯ჹύ୯‫ࡹޑ‬ ฼Ψࣁϐ‫ׯ‬ᡂǴ‫׹‬Ꮉߐ،‫ۓ‬ଶЗჹύ୯‫ޑ‬ජշǶԶऍ୯‫ޑ‬ሦᏤΓԜਔ ҅ӧԵቾӵՖᆢ࡭ჹऍύᜢ߯ǴԶўၲ݅Եቾ‫ࢂ߾ޑ‬᝵ᖄ‫ک‬ऍ୯ӧኻ ࢪ‫ޑ‬ፂँǴԵໆόᡣύӅღ‫៾ࡹڗ‬Զ٬٥ࢪр౜ჹ‫ֽޑל‬य़ǶՠύӅ ሦᏤΓ٠҂᠋வўၲ݅‫ࡌޑ‬᝼ǴԶԋфღ‫ڗ‬ύ୯εഌࡹ៾Ƕ྽ύӅࡹ ៾ԋҥаࡕǴ᝵ύ‫ٿ‬୯҅ӧࣁӚԾ‫ޑ‬୯ৎճ੻૸ሽᗋሽӦᛝुཥ‫ޑ‬ύ ᝵చऊϐሞǴऍ୯୯୍ঙՆ‫ڻ‬ᇽϦ໒ว߄Αፋ၉Ǵόѝࢂ٣ࡕ᛾ܴǴ ӕਔΨΜϩӒᓀӦჹ୯ሞ௃༈଺рΑᇤղǶ ཥύ᝵చऊǵ߮୯চηቸ‫ޑ‬ԋф၂ᛈǴчऊ‫ޑ‬ԋҥᆶऍ᝵‫ޑ‬ჹ ‫ל‬ǴаϷഝьᒴ(Joseph R. McCarthy)ჹӅౢលΓ‫ޑ‬คᆄࡰ௓Ǵ೿ᡣऍ ୯‫ޑ‬୯ৎӼӄࡹ฼р౜Αፄᚇ௃‫ݩ‬Ƕ୯ৎӼӄ‫ہ‬঩཮‫ޑ‬ಃ 68 ဦЎҹ. 20. चൈЕǴȠचൈЕӣᏫЛᐛܿȡǴч٧ǺΓ҇р‫ޗހ‬Ǵ1995 ԃǴ। 86-87Ƕ. 21. Walter Laffber , America, Russia, and the Cold War1945-2006, pp. 57-80.. 32.