自政策學習觀點論政府再造之推動

全文

(1)iJ. '~.Ill.. t;ll!!!. :I¥J ~F~. ~Jtt., tl.,~. *~At~itz:fft~. eli. tk. tz. /~JE. Ij ,. J. 0. rjij. ,m. •• ••. ~lffl¥ij~m1i~~~. ftfiihm~~Er5J~~~~*~Jt if~m rp9R1H'Fl' IPJ A9 WJE ~'iJ m. iii 9m. . ' JruCl. til 913. ift*cz~. , :&~if~lMi~:(£~~ ~~1:IA9tliWTTif~1j!i:~jf , if~. ~~OO1DtA9¥Rjffi. fCi'j. Rt~~. mrp9fmpgA9if~rt1. 1±H~~!mu*t~~A= +-~. , fJ3.~!JHJ3.. fd}~ I1'F. ,~~*~. ,. ~. 0. ~tJif~m§~H%3.i:5~. ,. &~~1JA. 0. fll~~Ofi'iJ ~~~Ij. .~i~. '. &:;;$:!l~*A9*. ~~~. ,. , t±~liiW. • Afr'M*t~tfglJf!. '. ~m. ' t1. jjJmA9rp9~. • J;JJJft~A9tJllIrf. txttlli~A9miR1Ji* (3;:~ ~, 1994). 0. 1l:tf~~gj~~aJiT. 1iif~1j!i:~jf1J~ (~if~Jff~~ 1J~) A9~tJ1J~~1j!i:~jf1J. 1f£fffl~fjt~mA9~. ~¥JrfiA9fJx~J(. fijf J;Jif~m§~§i-~¥A. , Jr~1D~[jfi'iJ. J&~~}I[ , Jlijf)U~v &if~m ~~. fiA9~fjDI H~~~~fI{*m. §!:lL --~li~A9if~m~~~ ilJ (p 0 I icy I ear n i n g. (policy learning) 1¥J~~H"1!. %3 • ¥Afi%3 • &f'J*!DJf~%3. mechanism). zra9i&m~~A9~fj. A9B!m1l:t~~iIJ. AA9~!If. ~fijf~~1J. '. 0. i&mrp9fmJ1~-. fit1~§!fJ\l¥J~~ , !})\~if~ , mfIJ*~~{~A!tt~:tJVf:;~ft& .~. [l!A9,E~I$J~~. 15~mllJ%3. 0. ~llt. • if~m. ' fJrfi%3 ~~A9 Ao1ttAt':E ' if~IM1'F1%~t1 f1~;tA91'lPJf~JE • jfl~1t1. 0. 0. '&~Ofi'iJ~-~ 0. £1DlItJJj. 3;:~~ (Jong SJun) ~fi. :lL§i ' :;;$: X f:r :(£~JI DI~ ~:x~;ft. 1iif~1j!i:~fl9iNfi~~1±. ~ll'~f~if~IM~~1J~A9tl. ~~*J3.~px1%-iW NHA9i&. iWM*tJl ' M1f1if~m~~§iI¥J ~lJ~ , &nlMif~m~~~1t1. ttl '. m~~**1t. rm*. ' !tT~lHJ3.*~IJf!m. }lVl ~ it §fl!lf rn! A9 ~ 1:1 ' f~*J3.*~~~l~IlfJTI¥J~ZSJE. ~i~if~lff~~ztliWfijf ~A9 ~ff\&,u;~~~. 0. 49. ......../.,,'1.. "':. ..

(2) -. -. lff 3010E. It '. r ~Jffi~ i! J mlJfl5)t !Jl~m. ft~ii~H~Wf1Uw*§ &' tp. ::xa"J1Ti&:!¥ tJf I it ' ::t:lt 13 --fLfL=$fLFlftt ' J!fJ~ {:£ ~ ~ 37ljS"J IT if~:!¥ ~Jf f'F ±~:!¥~Jf !~~ r,rj rftJ " r~tf~J " &. rmli J ~1?X~y!CJt~D1~ , ~WB"J~!P {JFF- JllfH~J'c~tt- fL fLi:::$fLFl- SJl~iflTi&~ft illH~ftt ' IUI:(£~*lTif~:!¥ ma"JWCfi¥1i!J: ' miiJ5j rStS"J:!¥tJfIf'F ' ::f~ , ~~ ~~ rif~IM¥}~~iiJ J 0:(£ *~~~Fl mllHtt ' ffi&~fttt -fLfLJ\$-Fl=Sm-li 1\ 0 ::x1r~~;@~ ri&IM¥}~ *IOOl~j J ilfttt ~;{fj r if~IM ¥} ~ 1J~J &. ri&IM¥}~fiiiJ~t If J itt ' IE J:\ tl iiJ tJf I f'F ffi)ED*IOOl~j&.1J~a"Jf7q~ U;L , :!¥ma"J7~1!&.Jf1!:t~. '*. 0. 0. 0. 0. ,~tJ 11~7~~Jf. 0. ri&IM¥}~*IOOl~jJ B"J~'&! §. , ' ~'ti " fi I!!. ~~ r~I~1t:~>gJ:lnl1:t$. ~J1: ~'fl9l~ljtJf. ---50. ' tJfJEn~*. ED~fif&::rJJr 1t:~¥}~j~. :lttliiJmum~Dl". ~;L~rF-l'1t:~A±&'~~W. ~tf~tJB"Jif~Jff ft~ tJ J. 0. (if~Jffm~fiiiJ~~1r' ~miiJ. 1M. i&. '1998,. \. *il-JIJJX m= " f&:J1: -119lm iiJI ff I j\*ililft 5t]j1J ED 1Tif~1lJt {i}f~1r " A~1Ti&mJ " *~~ W"~ miiJ:!![J rm.~. ~J " r AtJ&'H~~¥}~J " 0. " mtfg~~&'III~~ 1J rt ' lt~*JI*j~t)( it ' rJH&i} f'fiA~±~ 0= " t),*JI*~~ AtJ ;L¥}~~Qiffi'[} , $ifltJi/ilj 1! ¥} ~, I?X if~ Iff §. Fl Brmif~Jff¥}~tliiJ~~"t. ~o="~mi}f'fi~fi:!PJ~. ~i&'if~IM. 4):. J~. " tJ~J1:f:!(~j!§ijt~. , nJl(/]~ljtJf '. ~tt2~~. 1m " ~1~1t:*>g;@ttli/l.J '. 0. ~. J1:tJe~&'*I~~~rtJ;Li&. q~i/ilj¥}~Jlj\~JI a~Hj!~. ~. 0. fi~Mmlh. : - " -fLfLJ\$ ~gti]~"t. =". ~~:. r*JI~. tJ&J. jfiIJ:ftU ttl'". -fLfLJ\$=Fl:g.. ~tlm. I itl J\~JItf'iSj{}j~&gti]~ ~ {jJffl. ~: 1. ~afiiiJ~tlfilfttliiJ1f1iffi. *-EI~}. 0. 0. "--fLfL/\$liFl=B~. flmml. ~~~~ff:7tmiiJJfi § , ~. ~mt~tifEtJ1\fI9lFl ~W3z. i&:mtm~. , lt~~~f.fif~ Jff;Lf~{} 1\ " *5~~rF-l'if~ Iff ji Vffi ' r:p ~tt!! 1Jf:!(!PJ m iiJ ' ~~tatJ~* ~tt min if~Jff ¥}~I f'F B"J~JI~tlljfi~Ol" ~ fl9lllJ::x : "f&:J1: rif~Jff¥}~miiJ ~~1r J '~~EDif~lfff~.um. ~m2j{:!¥JJi § ~*I~t§fj. ~if~JM. IffM~f'fi>g;@i/iIj1!. 0Ii " ~~. Am¥}~I?X~ 0. *. 0. §ft"r:pJlJ"¥IlJi}f'fi~~. .=-. 5t;L -~JIf&:. m= " f&: J1: ri&IM¥}~~§gti]~~~ J ' ~ 0. =. 0. 1m " 1i1\fI9l Fl ffrl1t fiiiJ nt~ ilft{i}ffE.1TfiiiJ;Llt'li ' ~ mmiiJJfi § &'~f'll *IOOl~jPlT m~ B"J HUt/HI ~ 1\ Jfl : 0. 1 "lt~i}f'fiA~*~'. ff. Tt:tl1rtiBfl'l 2 ,,~mi&:Jff f£3 ~ , 1f*~rF-l'~~ 0 3 ' .$iJlj!tUJI*~AtJ ' itiJ§i/l ~tfgtJ 4 " J~mi~m ' 1m ftmtf'll' ~fJ!~Mt$ 0. 0. 0. ~ 04 ~. 05. ~~~ Ih~HI 1 ,,~ ~. 02.

(3) rt ~~r~~N 6 '~:i-:jf~ Iff M jf~ , m~ ~ it! JJUI. !I 1'PJij § - , ~~jf~Jfffile ' 1Qf3~ ~~*~~ft ' ~1I4b~rfJ'~. ~o. ~~~M!~!*:&i&Jff*rjj~~f:. § Mjf~Jff~~fI';] ±!?1p<q I jj~JJ[1:L::.JJij-T~tli4=' ' EW r*JUI~~mthiH.J ' r A tJEHfil:mmth~t.J ' ~ry!. ~rfJ'¥MJ)~r!fIiIJ~JJij. 5 ' 5$fUfil:md1~ , D~m 0. ~t Ii,L. 0. --. ,. : ~t~11f~ , tJiHtd1'S ' ~:i-:. ~. 0. 5 'M!lI*Jl~&~Wi~J. mth4='. ' E!nQJ~[[:i-:~Yl. 0. ~mthHIi,LI!!?1 I. *Jl*l~. f'FJJij §. ~ : 1 ' n5Er4=':9H~Jfff.l~~. m*l~1fir!J & r4='!k:jf~Jff tlm~~~~Wi$J. i&f!~~*Jl~~~. 4='!k:fT 3 'illit. 2'. 0. 0. ~jf~Jff & illit!§~jhl*Jlm~~. R;;fjf~. 0. _. 0. 0. IliErzg~*JOOt\@J=j. AJJ &Mfil:mm ihH 1i,LI!!I I1'PJij §~' .. ~J~~1jlIiWJ. 1 '~ff A ~ f1iIJ. ~)ji~i&Jff~~J1j~,L f1iIJ)i:J~. ;&~1jllifliIJN. ~. 0. 0. 2 " ~oofl~IE. ~mA~$~Jl. 3. 0. ~fTjf~¥-S. 3i 00 ~. 0. ~W~j!,!!U1jl. 1~jf~Jff~~If'F,LpxWz. ,. , \3 i&. 'mth:i-:. ~~~J)~B"Mfff'F~tJl. 0. 0. 5'. r!fIilJmth. f~. tho. p<qri§&~AfT1'~ffj. ' ft. ~. 4 ' M!lI~-Tftjf~Jff OOtJ1HtMfil:md1~. '. ' Mf# ". oftilth. ,. 3iY~lifmjf~~~~. fI';]~!*:~t~¥A1T. 4 ,ttl1IJi&Jff*Jl~~~. ~r. ~JJ[. ' lff:f§mmX~4='. J:t~~$. 0. -fH1i,LI!!I I1'PJij § 71J~. ~*L. !)~QJJJ!mtni&Jff~~IJ~. ~. it~J.lt=JJij. 0. 9'9@m. c~!JI!**:mfliIJN. , fD~Wf±tr~JJ!OOJJ!!J l!*fIilJN ' fJti~fTr!fIiIJ2~ !J f'F '~gi fIilJlJ A ' ~fT1!~Jl~m ' ~fIiIJIJ A~l:1I!ft ' fTjf~rfitfjFJHt& f~~ft ' ~jtJHt1Tjf~~$ ~X1.pff$I!*I 11J}l§ ~ii oog}l , r~ &ffJl*i*fH~ , ~jif'F ' 7J3i1Tjf~f.ftrHj:~fB B"J~ffllm ' ~3i-tLju\$tL J=j ~lt ' t!;J E8 ffj jff!~m ~ jf. ililJmth~t.J. $'iBlm~~!lMW ~Mtl1JiBlJfif~~. I!;/Ji&Wf¥}~IJ. '. ,Lm. 0. Itt~l:1I!~,Lp<q~. ~B"J § ~~f~Vftj. roo7t~~. , Ji~jIDtBA. i&~~~~i&Jff~~IJ~~!*:. ~tB"Jm~1* ' ~fffiriiHAjf~Jjfi~ ~J)~tzDf6J JJ!mtnjf~Jff ¥}~. IJ~B"J~H~~A1T. 0. - , P. A. Halllf.Jt1. ~MMfi. fNfjHallB"J;g$ , i&~. ~~ 7J~-'fm~j~*B"Ji&~. *EgfHD~ffB"J1im~~li!l E81t:7H'f~1&. '. rf'~~ffll~i&. ,. ~j~~~. pxmJ)fI';]m~§B"J. 1988). 0. ' *~. (Hall,. JlUm~~QJ71px::::,. fm~j:Ul~. : ~~mJJ[1Ti&~I~ ~~~~B"J~~ ; ~m~jf~~ I!'!fremB"J~~ ; &~mmi& ~§~B"J~~. 0. M=~r?P&. ~~~AfTi&~B"Ji~Vftj~~fj fI';]2~:ff. ; 1&~HlJgJff£;lft-~ 51. ~~~~ " l'~. .. '.. \.

(4) 1T8kJif~~!i4f1!~:t~iI. '. ::trflEif~~J!f!iteJfjRX-fiif~. (policy discourse) i'I"J 't~ tl ' :;t ~ iIfi :t ~ i'I"J ~ * jZgllt ' till~~~l~r ~f1gli. 0. i'I"Ji&~*fJJEn~-fii&~!i4. fI!~iI f~. '. ::ttflEJIDitmlf8kJ~. 1£l~t~flI~. , *~EI3:&i& ~1Tljr~ (policy actors) (~O tR~~ '¥AfT ,*~ 0. ~~*1Ti&lf~fTW §. frji&1ff fI} )li 8kJ ffUlJJ 'I~ J.B ' ilJ tJ JJ[ , ~*~ , 1Ti&lf*fT~ fii& ~r~IHt8kJ~f~ , 1£::f ~ H~~JJtlr ' fl!~~FF~a"J lf~fTf!~ , EWlf~fT1J~a"J* , §~ , &fifT~ffla"Jif~~. , fl!fffifT::f~. 0. ::f~. ,. f:£ft~ ~$;ffn}]+~*tJH~ ::f~a"J1Ti&lf~fT1J~. {fl1&Ia"Ji!Ua ' f1i&~rp9~a"J *iI ' if~~a"JfI![I] , &if~~ § f~~~1T1JH~fT~f"M ' 1TI}]. , § WI IE1£ffUlJJa"J r if~lft fI})li J 1J~W;L , lIt~lf*fT1J~;L f!~ , ~3fi:';]*~JJ ' !¥ ff~ilI Cl~t;Jzi&lftfI})lia"J pq. ~mn~1£i&~WJJtl~~af'1. r~~ilIt~*). *,&till*~~);Ltill. JJ[~~. ,. Tm$IJi&~lII1n1H~. rfmt~ ffiHff ~ a"Jf!a~ ~$IJif~~8kJf!R. '. ;. &~OfnrW. H~~f~ 'rm7;]~~IJRJEif~~. , tJ5E)liRX::f&\~a"JH~ ra' , ~~ , WA.JJ8kJ~ft ; , tIftM~*,§t8kJif~~JIDit ' Witt! A f'ldJJ~a"Jt~1m jZg tt ' ti lI*~WIl~r8kJif~~*IJJE ' §f~. 0. jt::t~J!f!E13. 0. ~ft~8kJ1Tif~~JUi!'Ji~~fF. *~J:~~JID,/,1~Jl*if~~;L. ffl¥MT::f~E. ~. $l(ff~. , fj~~EiA~~W~ti~1't:1. 0. ~-~. ~,fj£I\ ' 1I:mm~~ffitlE1Ti&1fi. ~J!f!~ *f if)?: ~. iI ' tUm 1Ti&1fi ~fTfnrtJ~ ri9.fCr9. J a"JJn: jZg ~~~¥R~~Wa"J~.1[\ , 1:£ Hall till*~JID~8kJfi!6 , 1Tif~lf~fT~i&1ff~~ JJ! ,~,*fLc ~ I't:1 r!i4f1!~ (paradigm shift) '~~Pfl!~JH~5$~~ , %tn~ , ~W ' 1}ZP; , ~ ±~fTif~{lf&I ' mn~~~. ~JJ!ji-1£JJtj. ~~ a"J !Ji( IE*. 0. *. =' H.. 0. HeclomJil3Uet~. ~fiffi. t,. "fR 1T if)?:!t. (Fred W, Rigl. fi~fjm-fm. tlll~8kJti 1tf(. lfa"Jti1tml. ~a"Jc~lf~~. :tt11 fifT r{~.!fx. tt lI8kJ-t~ 51 lflH:& ' jtti ~ :t\fifT{'F a"J -li. ;L~ r~JJ!~f. {t'<Hecloa"J~¥*'. ri&m. process) (. ~~ J n~f:£i&riJiRffliM~. 268). i'I"Jji-1£ljtlOO[ti] , ~~1Ti& lf~fT~*flN~J!fi ' ilJ~EB)i JJ!ji-1£litla"J~f~ , ffi13i¥lj. 1!eif~fflff~ml. t~11~j~~.JJ. 1I~~. 0. 1I~' ~¥. *a*. i'I"J1Ti&~~ffi~iI. ---52. ~~~a"J~~tJt. 1T if~ !i4 fI! fifT ~'M~ rV'i filtr J ' r~~J ' r1@*IJJ tJt~ft{;[)8kJ1Tif~{lf&I jZgffiJ ~;Jz1Ti&lf*fTIfF ' ~tJ~ ~fiif~~~ , c3z~fTi&~fF. n~-fiti~B]Wa"J~~W. tJtill*~WII~& ~ft. '. ~1Ti&lf*fTa"J*I:Wft~~. '. , R~~:lI-11~~{ta"J if3zlft ' WAilJ l-~~~i&lft~1f. 0. lf~fT~t.. 0. ttfil-~m~f.1Ti&~~~::t8kJ. JI~ffl*~a"J~*. 0. jt±~ii. , iRffl~f:£$~-~. ill ' n~~jZgJJ!ji-1£li:tl5! l}]fifTf'F8kJ@]JJ! (Bennett & Howlett, 1992:127) '11&. Ijtl~:t~1tH~ , J&~itIjJE 0. 0. ~tJi&. (ElIHI B"J ,1[\ ~~ r! ' tIft f~;Lit! I ~f1Jj r:f:1a"J-fig j@f~. 0. if)?: iiJ *. ~ fJ. ir'JB"J~m~I' f. *-£I*!~ jZg J!! ji-:t ~311ifT{'F 8''1:&fj.

(5) nm. ~ ~\;;llE9:it:T tJ!Z91!!. ~~. ~lHA 1T::fj)(!Z9 ~ftlfffl ~ j)(. :tJ!a"J~fl. ' l:rlm Ei ~ r n~. rtt:J i&1j£ i&1j£ tt:Jfjj{. ~t&. a"JlS!tJJ. (Exogenous. 0. ~ -til §. '. {~ifj(. £ ' i&¥tl*. ~ tJ. '. JJ~ifj(1tl~*ff~JJ!~. ~~~H~ifj(~itilJ}Ef51~--fm. pressures). ~1!!!Ji-1£f!1:tl~1tl¥J~f~. ~~ §. 0. *j)(I*~. ,. MpM1U~JJfJ"J rifj(Jff:fl}. ,flj!, '. , tN fJj fT ifj( ~ * ~ '§HlI WT (Fred W. Riggs) a"J~it: ' ltt. fi!~. f!I!~f~f~·--{~E~~7t~cj(1j£. IS! tJ pJT1'Fa"J jJfJrli~~mtjJrli @Jff!If'F tJ nn/\, 1f rzg. :fl}~. 81J~a"Jf±~*D~--{~lE11jcj(. J=J mrifj(Jfif¥l~mjjr~~Wl J. ::ktt:J. iJa"Jt±~f~~li1&. pMm~ar,J. igm. t1ta"Jcj(1j£~f1x* QJfJ~~1&--'. t~~. liWlPJT r{trJfxJ fffl7fj~~~ t±~a"J--~B5t ' 1£~U~{tr If;(1& ' ;!=tU Wl*M~~fT~m APJTf'Fa"J-'fm~~~f~ , fW Z~ r ~1!!~fiJ (adaptation. ,. ,~. ·xx. '-Jslr. 0. r:M ,)\:17. '. M-{~t±. J~~. process). :~*ff. 268). :1Ti&. f~i& ~ff~riUlh. mil. 1£ ~:tj! I¥J ,flj!J~ , itilJ Jt ~ n 7~ , ~{~,:z~if~JJf:i=fi&m. )i~lj. 0. (1l3xilf'. 1996:'. JEtJifj(m~:F~JJ~~. ' fffl id. An. m;;!l>. ~mlII. ~'P:jJ 1¥J-'fm~ffll~~~ifa"J. JJim. ~fl. Jl~ tt&. ifj( ¥tl*~ J!f1 ~ pJT ~ T ~ ~~a"J~~~ , iffaJ -i[~HTifj(. i&m. mm~!Z9JJ!!Ji-1£~ !7q!Ji-~:tj!. ijilj:.Q::. ~5IpJT1'Fa"J ~fm1j£*JT ~pH§. 0. ~n~J QJ~~ifj(}f.HNn~. 0. -<. ri&Jff fi}~ mJJJH £~~*~ , ;!'t$ r*J1. ~/f~~. tXT§~lI~O:. r~lji:1£*. f'F7i&~*~. 0. j}]J '. r~~~~J. ~**~ J. '. *. 0. *. 0. mJi&:Iffi~~iIiB ~ I;;; I~ ~:iA flil Xfr~ ~~31 ~JLJJ a\J t:tffO--",J.i-)lYN.~ f=t. tEllml¥Ja:1t ' Etheredge ~J\ il 1ft: r i& 1ft ~ J. f1XfiM"J~it:. ;!=t$r it:itiIJfi}~mJJJH.J~B 51 ' ;!=t I f'FJYi § fj It §; liH& JJJ 't1 ar,J Iz;j ff! t£:: 5!f1 ar,J .fi ffjj.~ ilia"J ' ~00~~fl*~0~~~ ~t£::~1t ' It::J;I~m ' fTifj( ifrtl'llfHJlt~ mlttfi£ ' ltt ;;;R ifj(K-i fi}~ I i'FfJ;{ :if E 1ft: tJ WI ~ ;;;R fT ifj(1j£*JT a"J ~!Z~)1x. '. =' Lloyd S.Etheredge. tJ~~~~it*tJ. J ¥.~. r¥l~If~J. ~1.,~a"J.~~. Jt '. 0. rill. '. r~ffij®fI~J!f1J' rt£::~1tJ. , ~J~ifj(Jff.fJg~ ~ 1:5 ' ~:.V.: I J\ fffl fJ~ I¥J ifj( Jfif '. ~lln~f$. ,7. Mj3IHAlltJ:=tllfJ ' fj!fj~WI M)a"JIINYt ' 1ft:$n~a"JitilJfE: ~mJJJ lttn ' llt;;J\ifj(H~fi} ~I Wi:!! 7M¥IH~JfX!J}~*JT ~O ' fxV!tr ' ~:1t ' itilJJta"Jm ~ 'Ii ' fffl5tli ~ r *JT i& iff ;\i. mfi}~mJJJgHIJ fflJ~~*;&. ifj(Jfif £*J1*~~~ , JJ!~i&Jff :=tJJJ!Z9 ff! tit W. rmi& Jfif;\iJJJ J m~pJTf'Fa"J~ tJ ' JltTIIm;!=t. ,. (government learning). I¥J ~. ~f~fflJ~*~a"JIJi!rnu. '. 0. ifj(Jff*~f~i&. Jff~~*~a"Jnrt. ' ftfb[l;!=t. ~ri (intelligence) ~*~~iHx. 11tr (sophistication) 'm tJftf ~ ;!=t iT JJJ ~~ ~ I¥J ~ fe'll (Etheredge, 1981:77-78) 1fJl:t~f~$. 0. , ifj(JfipJT*~a~. ~~F~lErta"Ji~~~f~~~. *ftm1iJ:\£cj(~ ,ffj]~*~. 53 --------,. ;.:," ...•l'~ ..'. ':. \. ".

(6) !!!!!. ~ • )tOE. -. ". 1-. 1a. ~D filJltJ&/ff t¥J J~V~ :&. *~ 1:7. jf)!:/ff*~~1fH £pJT tl~tlJ. JJiEmE~:I:. ;t\ ,. jil~~*81~~:&'c)!:. **81irm. '. ~. lItfl*~81§t¥J±~iE. ~D1ilJ~ ~jf)!:rfif1Ti&g~r't¥J~. 0. f,@~jf)!:H1 ~fi*~t¥Jtl'~:tJ. ' fIt! 1Tjf)!:A~ ~~ ji1~ TItz film liM!.t¥Jtl'~:tJ ' TItztJ~~81HN 7t:,f~,:tji:RJ~'ir~'Jl!lI 0 i&/ff*~~- Jf[ti ~f3} *uJf3t:p~~81iTN~m~ £ *rr:t' Etheredge iniH~lIt -:ffl{;fta~ , tWIJ&If3l Charles Lindblom ~ D. K. Cohen ~ :&. L. Lynn w*~~~mjq]~ 0. Wi&*~~t¥J~;ft,TItz1*Kf'J. ~Jl~*~iEJ&*uJf3t:J:8"JJ). fJT ~ ~ , 110 tJ @ffl Kf'J m 3- iTIi RX f1M~1±l ' ;i~~Jl~*~ ~ i&*~Jf 3t:£ rg'lt *~ t¥J fE ~~::f~fI'iJ~t! ' ~Jl~J!ffiflf 0. *~~~*Jl~~B!Wfr~~jI. , tJ ~3&*fD~3&tl'~t¥J1:7 ;t\~1T'tTJ!. 0 Et¥J*~~;ft. - : HDI~lt~u~r3&~J ~~!l:t=~;ftt¥J)tfJTPI U 7 ~7¥ : i&/fffl~m{t£~*t¥J*~~ *~tIHtJf! ? *~t¥J~fli[~ filJ? ~famftlil*~t¥JI;;§~ff 1£? :&'filJfl*~81~RXfiWJ mjf)!:/ff t¥J jf)!:i~t~ ~ ~ ~tt:&. ]!!~3&~'11 (Etheredge, 1981:73; Etheredge & Short, 1983:41-42) 0if!!§£,i& 0. 0lIt9l- ' 1£ jf)!:/ff*~~1fH81~~T ' ~f~ jf)!: /ff ~ ~ 11! 1'k ~ ~ ~ t¥J JI ¥}~,flXJjJ81~E. mr~'Jl!lI1. m' :&.Y~JE~~ B ~±tf11DfI'iJ fI* ' £\;JU~t!±tf~i&/fffI'iJ. *r:p::fl JJ!filli ~lIt ' ~ r:p !k: jf)!:. *~tl'~:tJ. 0. rffi±tf~i&lM*~. ,... :?f ' iH. , I!I]~. sp.PIM~~. ~i&/ff~Jl~RX~-f~.R~TI¥J. IJht.JiJf! TItz~J!liM!.~:tJ I¥J liM!.~*1t ; ~-'1:700RX~-. )t!j! , ~ (Rose,g ~1!f3 7 : (Jesson c. 1~~fi~*ft'tiWlWwa'11£J~'. J:1l!;ft1¥J~. *ltl'~:tJ ~Tmtl'~:tJ. ' :&. mft;. ~~JI!ffiflffa. i&*~¥:tJ81¥1lL. 0. *~EI3llt. 81i&*~. fl*~~fli[~3&*. '. ?ttl'~~. 3&1¥J~fj. /ff*~81±~ m~1£~~jf)!:. i&/ff~Jl~mWr8"J~~fETItz~tl1i. ~-ti!f,!j. H11T jf)!: g~ r,I¥J ,f~, :tjtl'~:tJ ' tJ. mifiljfE~. f.!!lt1'k~~jl8"JJi:bf!tl'~~ill. pJT an MI¥J :g. fl rr:t' Jl!lI ' tJ 11 tw ~ lRWt¥JtJlllf ' ifilJfETItzfA. l.JIJAt¥J*~. ~J3.ftJ}fI'iJ@llJ!o. 1T~3&81i&/ff¥}~:n~. IEOO~~. Etr !-:A J:t¥J ffiflf ~6 PIfiHD '. ~:tJ81~3&~1~£-'. *~~*ft : -1:7anRX~~W. 0. 1m ' Richard RosemlUt lN~mlliIiB. '. ::It~~,. ~ EtrmifiIJ&:&.:!t ,flX ~ t¥J jq]~. Etheredge81i&/ff*~ffiflftM~. 1fi mjfI;~;fttE Etheredge a"JDN r:p , !:::Ji:ijB!mm1}tUEl~f[J :fL.A1}~ , ~3i~~~1*~ 817 ~ , iifP-J IJ!ffl mjf)!:/ff ~. ~ 8"J jf)!:/ff¥}~~~ ~OT fI'iJ~. Richard Rose t~ I±l ' !ill. 8kJ*~1:7. 7F : 1ffilJ-JJjifilJ&c)!:1$i:£±. ~~-flW~*~jf)!:/ff~~~;!t. ' ~*J:~rmH3m. fmtw75tT. j;)¥-fmtla1rr:t',m , m~l£:f [P1~*r:p , ~iE[n]-~*$ t¥J::f ~ !fu1:7 jf)!:/ff rg, , *13 [n] I¥J. B"Jpg~,. -fl!fu1:7 B"J;@Jfj 0. J&*p~~fIPI~~ :!t~fJ;(M. *3&. ~flfQf.fmc)!:~pJTf'@RX. J!~~Fg't¥JFr:t'Jl!lI. ---54. 0. 0. m~~1*. J&/ffg~F'~'5f"*Jl~. , I;;§!l:t ~O faJ~?J jf)!:/ff fl~mRX~ -fl EJ~*~B"J~Jl*~ , JJ~i&/ff. 8kJ F~'»1! 0.

(7) .~. i!. ~. ~rp9lma~~~. ; ~tEPJ-~ $::f PJ ~ i&m~J:!jy~ltl! Iij ~ fJltfll;j>§1ij {jtfl§'ji~*!l!~ INlIt • ~~ilHj~:~~t±i&Jff~ $ i& Jff ~ ~ *J!;. iR m j#lj JE: ff • tEOO~PJtlrp9M!a~ • f1;.(. • ]f!~~aAi&JffMj§~ i&m~~rdja~mmf* i1t:?t:ft iF' r:iJ j;J ~ • jf~ Jff M a~ ~ fj , Jl,t~fiifjItffiJ ~ • n~. .rp. r:iJff~MiRrp9lma~*~~1~llt. ~a~~fj. ft!'F- • ~~ljmll~~a~~* (Rose,1991:4) j;JLi§J~~?j ~ aA T R0 s e r n&.mz ~ ~JII J (lesson drawing) ;zjf~m~~ :@~a~.lI~ • RosefIJffln&.mz. rn&.mz~gJII~iiUJ;zm'I1l1f~~. *. 0. *. 0. ~~JH~mH2!t--llaJ~ *PJT~~. ff:Jjf~ m~ 1i ~fBi:jt{1!!~ ~a~~l1l. 0. *. ~. lItfii¥~1iAn. ~-fiimJE:a~~~fI!~ ,. • iR mj#IJ JE ~ ~1T jf~ c1CiJ %f r:iJ ft£ ~1J.Aa~*!l!J.M$ • ~~~Ij-Jtl; IEOO~~ OO~~~ • :MIn&Jf~ Jt¥l~ • mfIjJ~~ E! 2*!1r H"Jrp91m ~j;J ' n&.mz~~JII~. .. 0. H"J~~1iA ~tFf¥Jt~. H"J[lq~. ' n~~~1tElilJ. ; ¥-JJijf~m1i~. , ~[JfilJtf~~~tf~a~lt£. -ilaJtiH1i~"~IJ51--11aJtiH1i H"J~fj. 0. j;;:3& ffij~ , n&.mz~~JflillfU. a~~~1iA' f5tM~~JJi~ ~illfU. 0. -fln&Jf~JjIJ .A~~JII~c~:iJ*~ 0. :jt~EBIijE! j;J~. M (Rose:1991) . 1. ~~ml (lessons) 'I1m~ flH~. Rose a~~7:E • ~ Wn~-fii tftlii '11~m ~ , ~tfmm1i~~1'Fa~1T!iJJ .mz[QJ • i&mj#IjJE:1ij f~lIt1T!iJJ Jf~[QJ~liUmJEa~1i~ , :MIr:iJ 1~ lit tf Kit a~ 8!f it!; Jlt JJi 1i ~ :jt;x • n&.mz~WllillfU;zft'. *. 0. *m1g~:mm-JJi1i~~c~. :iJ a~ r r:iJ ~ iJit '/1 J (transferring) • I)j\I!P~[JfilJn& .mzJjIj.A~~~JII~*~~ , j;Jfm ft: *!1r::f JE ~ ~~ 1E~~ ~ M~ • ~~JII:MI~F~-fii ~fjJ:111:-'flJJ]f • ffij~W~~1fl1j --JJi 1i~px:en ~~ f&a~*5 * ·-I)j\~-1itfffla~{I~1EE! 0. 2~~~1iit. 0. 2. ;@t:x:~wn~ib1J~. r. ::ft~~J. Rosdlii I±l • t:x:i@~~JII~ wr1i~a~!iJJ1J ' :MI~FEBM-.A !#j~H~'[.\pJT~1re • ffij~iR m~tf~M-fJl1T19IHTfF$ E ~r:Etf~~~lt1 BilPJflt:ma~rp9 1m • ~lrr~l±ltiM*,tU~ffJlff~~ ::f r;:Jf~1T!iJJ;Z::f t~~U¥V B ~a~*5*. 0. ,. lltfii::ft~~a~Uif. V:±:.lIWit E! M-iRm~~ffJl1T 1i~a~fflM~*fOW~PX*. rl'l91±lfJl. rlt!IH~IlEJ. • l"t1lE. a~*/J\lJl!#!:JE:T#!:m~-~~ r;;.mz~JJi1Tib. 0. ,. iR. m~r;;.mz~IHT!iJJ~;@ttfJT 1i~a~ib1J. ' tEM-JjfJl1T1i ~~*,tHMJlJ1j(~::f~~ • E r:iJ ,l:J~~~--fII~'I1fJ [QJ • :jt § I¥JtEm~~rAU~~11i~ l¥J::fr~~. 0. 3. n&.mz~wna~1i¥:E. Rose ~YJ~ , ~JJii&m1i ~tE~tiHtf~W1i1l! ' **tf~ 1§tf~B!fflM-51--tiH. '. r:iJi~. WiJJi1iit-i' j;J~1fl1j : :jt-.~ 55. \/'..-./.\;. ., .... '.

(8) ~a~'H~mIJ~1mj:iBj]pJT.OOis"J. ,. ~~~tJlft1m~*m. r*~!j:(§'~J!F~9ms"J*~~. *~~ PI fi;ft 11"NHnj] ~f~" a~. , t!i1}ftJJ:~BPI1i? !j~ffii. , 11. ~lit!~Bf,I~? j]~a"J7Hff. !lXW~1@iffIJ~JJiF~9fHts"J~VrU. , /ffilJE'li ' & /fl~JE. ;E: ~=~fiXpff1l~~~~:lI. S"J{~HFN~n~~ttj]~~"L. 0. -JJi*JTj]~. lZY : m- -. , ~:lIS"Jj]~W fl~ (copying). ~1i~fijJ~. 7tmj]~~~III°. ~n'jf~m[f~FN$Mi~. 3&i&m!. f~ Sabatier. rtJ~~~. e"J;gr:t ' i& m*f&**fCf~-ttf* 13 0fl. ~Jl*IS"J~!Ji:!w ' :#\i'Il~l!I! JJiF~9fHtS"J'['¥f!l ' 12~~H~~ iJJo"J JltJ!t0fl.~Jl~~iJi!:N" t';;) ~ 1* ~ Ii i& me"J r*m~ fj , "Elft~f&i&Jfi -- ~v1tit± ttf " 1t:*.~ &jf~mfW~ 0. 0. 0. 15. " Paul Sabatier fro. , f~~Jfl ~-~*eAtiJJa"J. lit! ' fj. iarm~I5J~~aHi. ". JJii&mf. mJf~1. ElF , lltmllt ~,. [7q~&f. 1t:n&~. '~.A..?'l ~. --:,fj;.. 1Eri&m~~FNi&mt±. 'f~~:3Z~. iff J (Policy Network and. ~~{*w~. ~~JEj] ~t)JJHfH3 C'.j] ~. Policy Communities) --)( J:j:l , Paul SabatiedMilijf~m .!f3lrtJ~~~ffii ' :±:~~Wf~~. S"J~!Ji!wit~{}jf~m~M~. Jf~o"Jfi. W:#[P]~*flfWl ' ~*f~~. 1Ejf~m~. FNF~~m~?J~na~. J'R.:.::r S ff. :::: ' r.EEr5' (hybridization) , f~*5 r5' 13 jiji] 1~/f \i'Il ~ *.gX. 1Ef'*fCjf~mf4~*iiJ!&jf~. ¥J,ti~~. j:iBMIS"Jj]~~;fkT tJff!Jfl. /f JEtJm~:Ra~ri'l9$i&a"Ji& m~~t¥fffj ~l1It ' fiBt+?.!f3l Hugh Heclo S"Ji&m~~fi. tt, (emulation) ~~ta"Jffldi*~~. , IltHm::tf1l:. @iJfla~a"J/f\i'll~1'¥f~~. 0. m. *. 0. mlZY ' ~~ (inspiration) , f~ ~. ~ ~Ij @ h. !Ii! ~a. a"J $Ij. , ~*~-JJi~[JfJTt:ES"Jjf~m o. 4. 1!&.!f3l~IDlla"Jp]lfJliFN. pTax'li ~*J:. ,i.iJ tJflJJfl~fi. , ~!Jl16~<~j]~ 1E r 1!&.!f3l ~gJII J j]00 S"Jfj;. Jfl ' t!IJPIfftt (feasibility) FNPI axtt (desirability) 1lt~~ /f\i'llS"Jm~. 0. ---56. mr&~~@~j];t\a"J~.N*iff. m~. , ~~ilif~~tt~~~~m. (advocacy coalition framework) O"Ji&m~~~ (Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith, 1993: 15). 0. ~ :±:~~ffii"li~jf~. ~i&m;;)\f&*K11t. , 8,tlff~J1F&f~. BfiXJiJ. ~. ~)'J;jl.j;J.31>1". Wl~a"J1. 0. jf~m.!f3l!UJ~~7W &* 13. '. 0. 0. 'Ia/~\,*m. a~[fi&jff. f~;\J~~J:;f§~~.j:iB~~. ~~~.. ~rMi&m~lma"J}j~&1i~. fj9=l'~. :llll ' ill!~!Ii~it~-f~AB"J * *fC ~n 0"J fl~ ~ a)( [f l~fmf~~**fCS"J[7qiif* i&m • ~ i7} r 0"J 1;3 ~ ~. jf~IM¥Ml. 0. *1t '. ~~Xf~lli~9PMo"J*J1px. f7}r*~~~.~. 0. ~~i&m. '. ~~~{*~ =:;::'ilHk~"~. ikl/3~¥ijm. t(l]fnJ~nw. iiil§L' ;ft 11" 0"J ~. mJr~1E @]ff!9l-1Et±lff *~~. 1~~**fCo"Jmm~tmfnJ:T~~. FNi&m~~o"JliiJJJ:j:l. ~(!~~ , t~f'@1ijf~mil1:~. 1lt~fjq:. jf~m*f&**1t. , fljJfl ' i&m.!f3l. ~?. ~¥Ij. ~"&i&m~. ~~~~. Sabatier ~?J~PI~~i& m5Hff~D"ama"JiiJfl ' jffi?J. ii. fh ' ~~~.

(9) ill J::~i&~lf)( rtJ~~a"Ja~QJ~[[ , ifiiiJ :rJii&~8"J~3I~* J::IW:&i& ~ .9!f{§ ~ ;~H:ftl3"Jc)[~:W~. FfTiI.i5 ' rm~~M~*~l3"Jili3 ~f:Wf§~~ttDr~~~~~ ,. 61' '. gJfI}~~fjI~:fi~m~W%1f§. ~t~15. ~. ~a"Jmmb. 3&i&~~31. 0. , § Mjf)[J0fI}~l3"Jmmb11'. 1ltlL!.~t. 0. fx{rH(£i&J0fI}~a"J. pq~:&mmb~f§raT~IJi!. 'E. lBM~15. ti;. [:i:I1~ ffi~!±;. flbUJ;t9a:fi11JJpf~jj. ~arm B. I11r:;6'G I r-a~. '. 0. ~ji-ti7 T~~Jl;tJ!tjf)[~. ~~~~~tjf)[IfffI}~mmbFfT ~. J::~1if.i~. , fXir'QJ~ffl~~lj ~ (learning theory) 8"J=.tj JI~ : Rr.I~iJl~~ (who. r'I'\l. a; ~tt: i1i'~~ ftl5!C.!}/~/W. la/~\*iJYL '~J.LLftAe-. ;Q\~JU!~1t 5ta"J~~:W. ' rmc)[~i&~.9!fa"J{§ ~ * M. ' .1:) ~ ,Ji! fI} ~ I3"J nX ~. 0. tif " i&.¥~~i&@. 1t 5t &R9cjf)[~.9!fa"JijH~ 1=- A,.. ". '. i'F. [i;J IIt 1£ ti mb i& Iff fI} ~. a"J~t~. , l£M'fjg:ac)[~i&~ .9!fa"J{§~*M. ' i,@{~{t!!{r' l£i&~~3I~fjI $ , ~tilli&. ~a~:& ~1£i&~Jf5~~1T. learns) ,~~{t~ (what. jf)[ c)[. learns) ':&~~~5IH~ti&1ff. I~. 3Ml fjI a"J jIj ~ 5t fIT ~ i&ti'l~~~t~t:e ' i&1ff. fI}~FfT~~a"J~~ (effects. ~~~*ijf$. Hi:!±; S,_,,!,,,,,@[:i:IIl1li'(rJ r.-:r!!'!1~ f t mJ:E 1:!l!ff;,!} ~ 1)8:, 7 ~~ Jt.. of learning on reform). ~ftFfT{'Fa"J@]B!. ; *i~~~. (Bennett & Howlett, 1992:278. i&1fffI}~~-f.ii&. 282) , *5tfITtimbi&IfffI}~. :a~:rjJ. ,. i31~i&~ljiffIPJ. JtJJ~a"JnrtJ~3I. 0. 1ii~. , m:. :. r1±. c)[~i&m.9!f8"J{§~*M.Mi. ~t~t:e. , ~~llT~~fI}~~ fjI $ , ~~¥Ji~ %1 ' fjljtlLI ~*& i&1ff¥MT%1 ' tt~*lTl ' flJ ~~mi*%1~ , f~JJt1t5ta"J~ ~15:W1ril~~ , rmi~*~~~~1j tlo iiiJtmn~ fI} ~I i'Fa"J mmb ml B;L , jf)[~I&rtJ ~~~tM fxim!"JJi!f;J\~ : 'jf)[IfffI}~]J ~-flmb~~3Ia"J~fjI , 1£ IIt~ffl$ , i&~.9!fB!1ii~ ~ $11 fI} ~ n ~ a"J iliU JE :W m mb ' $@~F~*!lHIi3H:W{§,~. ~ ~ ifri I3"J ~3I. ~F~$. 0. '. ' tt ~ Rib8"J ~~o/] ; i&1ff~~~~t~ t:e ' ;Q\ ~j!tt 1Hii&JM 1T jf)[fl ~m a"J fjl ~ :W~fjg , t)jiff:fi~a"Ji&1ff fI}~ ; ~lf)(~gJII~~f~t:e ' jf)[ 1fffI} ~B!t)7jlj A~*a"Jc)[~ ~~ , ~~~~~fjI , }Jot) ~ffl ' .I:)~~IE*grl3"J~~ ; jf)[~I&InJ~~~f~t:e ' 1£~ 1}Jl3"Jjf)[ri'l$~~$!JtT ' jf)[~. I {'F Hi! ~;I: 13"J'I'~:tl [i;J ~. 0. -,m~~m. l£jf)[JMfI} ~ I i'F a"J mmb ~ffl$ , §?'f:;Q\~j~Lta"J[i;J ~~~i~jf)[~~~a"J::te ' 11' RP mE ~:W T jf)[1fffI} ~jj ~ a"J *IJ fE :& mE ~ ~ jj ~ a"J c)[ ~o-~rma,~JfI;.~~1!r. W~i&~~~a"J::ta. 0. ~. ttlW:W~*&**:ft$a"Ji&m.. 3Ml ' tlO*fXfr'lt£J::~1if.ijf)[ ~~~~8"J~l!~*~ , 'ay t). 9!fim'M~~iHT*t)Ja"J Rib. ~1Ji!i&~ ~~::te~fl.13"J. '. 57 . -----.;.• ',.:.:':\', '.'1'..

(10) ,& ~:JI:£t:J ' fiE. fF' 81 ifHB~~ -ar FJ1 ~llilH¥~t)-r=~Jf : (1) Heclo. Ie r ~~BkJ~aJ. t~t/j~~::ta~~m)('§'~. '3:'7) .e;, ;r;l-r!gf ~~'" nh rb. ii,c"t;;>Jv:x.m'T'. ifj(mAf0 (2) Etheredge~i$ ~ pJT fi 81)( '§' 1li~ ~~~ S1:± a (3) Hall, Sabatier,'& Rose:l:~t~t/j , ~~skJ::tan. mi&**:!ffS1~11. ~1£::f [B] ~ I*J fDJJ~r~'SkJi&:. j~H~~~~ i& J.tlt±~f q:. skJ ~. 0. 0. ~t±Wlfr;}]~. *. Jlt3!-ti7. 0. If!) skJ~W~ML::f-§& s. 1j£1J~a~. 13"". ~. , ~~{tV '&ifj(fffg~r~S1pJTfi A~Pi- ' ~r& '&.B!:~{-t~ , ~%fW* ' fttm9la ' -iN' ~. t±Wl*~~'IliITllm. rz. 0. 1Ji. ~Jf!;.~~::tafi~ifj(*. (. J. ' I/]\api&:. ~ti&**:!ffskJljll!. Q. =, .t!itlf J:~lifii&:*~~g6U~t. ROseii,C"t';~v:x.m'T' "''7) -e;:' ;r;J-r!gf ~"'i.3I I=l an s lE~. TMML~f~~tJ~fiifj(*S1::f 7~~. 0. :!t1Jrtfi - ; -~1El. fUJifffli&: skJifj(*I ,.. , ffPJfm-@. ~m**~I:lkBkJJ'!\*. 0. =~1f:£. = ,~. 1E~~BkJ~a. :!tfiE.:l:t!!1Jf:X~fx~)11. '. t)1I1~. flH.. cj(cg J~ fiifj(* ::ft~~BkJ1J~. *~~Wlj. ~IJ'l.o. ~:-. '. ~i$~~~n. ~lf;iiRle9;a~IMkJ~~. , ffflifj(. Jff~~:Mz::f~-fi13:fX~/tJ. ~~flS1~ffl'. 1j1l!S1~ffl. '. fffl. t±Wl~Jft. 0. , ~lm~li:IIlM'&YRm fIj'j5E%f£t:Ji&* § ~ , ~*:f.I ~lilt:E;. Etheredge I. n~-fli&mfJj~fO~EEtBt. ~1£~~i&*IJ'lfO § f~ra'. M~fiWJleo. 5Eifj(*BkJ & ~%f 0 F7fj~tJl£t:J ~ffl ' ~~~~~fflBkJ{jtf. skJ~m{*. :!t~ffl7& '&=fi~. %(~B'~i{Wt.. : ~-Ili~JJ~. ~~ , j§fi. ~t)¥fffi 13 ~**~~PJf1~B'gf(. ;. II! Sabat £t:J*~,~ q:. ~. ~--M~~~~ .. ~m ~jnj. £t:J¥Afi:Mz~. Bf.Jifj(*IJ'l ; ~=Ili~Ji~~lj m; ,&jfj(**:!ff1i'1fBkJ § fjJi ~&BkJ2j(~ (Hall, 1988:7-8) !Mt~J::.~ - flifj(**. t)ifj(*~~. ~%f. ~~6U~~~~a£t:J:gt:t:Mz~. ifj(*BkJ~~. 7C~-fl. 5~~i&*:. J"G '. I/]\ttPi&fff~~. ¥.Ie HallBkJifj(*~. f@. !~tfi~~1Jrt±. 0. t)m~i&JffBk]~. 0. /tJ~~i,t~~TM-f[gJABkJ. fljm;}]BkJ~mj!. 0. ~'11;. Etheredge1j£~Ji~BkJfi~~* W. ffl~l*J~. , ~OfUJ1t:5tS1 ' ~BkJ~fmlI;}] , ~~1&:JJtBkJ {g:E;~mrt ' n~1J~ff~~nIJi. m. ~zfiif!x. =~fl. ~$ljtmfUJ~~1J~S1fljlj5E~. ' ~~ft£.i@t*~ I*J Pi-SkJfTi&cj( 1j£ fx~JII q:. ,. !gf. ~~D{UJ7. 0. 0. Sabatier ~ljtJl~~:Mz~~~fi ~m~Ji~*:!ffskJTjljl¥ ' fffl~fi ~m,'!\~Sk]~:i\: ' [!lll:tifj(*.t&. ~~skJ;}]mt. :!t I*J r~1£ T mf~ {.'S1ifj(*f§ :E; , ~D {UJ ~ %( BkJ 3l ~ § BkJ ' '&~fi%(S1$Aff0~i&. 1Wli&:fff~*Bf.J*~~. ~~$Ij~lf~i&yi:l. f1il. n. , i&{i:l~fflfOfljljLl. f1il *!. /..- ~.ra frJ rh /,--f'~lrJl5J'Ix'1'""'. ,~/ ..... Heclo. *~~1£TMi~!H~ifj(*~cj(. fOiiM1.. ~. 0. T/., -IT' 1=1"; I/'Jtf I J1~. , J~re1f!i:fXfr~pJTm;}]S1 i&Jffiijj§If'F ' 1£1J~fljlllE ,. (l;UJ~~{t. fEL~~mrtML&cg12. ' WIE @A£t:Jf8:E;~mrtt) TM:!t1*J 1£skJl2.;J;~~mf* ' ,&@]JJ!-f[gJ Af§~~mrtBkJ;fjt~. 0. fit:x~~~JJ!~iI£t:J~ffl. '. ~fOf§~. '. 0. [r'1}~~BkJ~~. rull*g)t:~tJ~1££t:Jifj(*IJ'l. 0. '. ::f~*§&J:-arM. ~~~1JITll:-1JOO~~*·. 0. ~flfacj(~ ~fJ{@ , f~. '. 1j£'n. -ar~. l.

(11) ~ t<O frTJ 7 W~fA 1-r jfj[Wfp4~ 1.1. (Rose, 1991). ~;Z1Tjf)<:~mm&1Tjfj[Ajl8"J. Hall PfT5ta~. 0. lfjfj[JM fI4~ 1.1 ~ffnfJJR~ ,. 8"J~. 7M~1f~a"J~f1XfI4~a"J§. frTJmmjfj[JMfj~1T1.1~pff1*Jf~. , jf)<:m~~a"J~*JJ~ -~lfl{iila"J&~ , ifJ\~P~~E8 f4~~1JfLJa"J~" ' ffij~3&jf)<:. 8"Jjfj[*I~. *~it!8"J~" (Bennett & ~fE~.:E]ljf)<:. , -1.1iID&\;j~1T*Jj~~ !J (organizational change) & jfj[*I~~1.1~a"Ja)<:~ ; -1.1 ~\ ~1-rjfj[*~it! (1-rjfj[flfiil ~ fi3;ft) B"J,,~. -'¥f!mJ~~. m~~~!IiJ~1~~~*8"JJ!M. J:~1imjf)<:*~~~W. HUII Heclo S"J wr! ' jf)<:. .MI/f--3& '. m~~~'21r~lJ!m. jfj[JMfI4 ~8"J mm {~ IlJ1m t<[J ~- pff 7J~. ~Jli. ; 31'-1.1lID~~~~t<O. , &fI4~1.1~ff. 1&pffil~a"J. {iil. *{~~W{I. Howlett, 1992:287-288) ~1!!*Bfff:i S. 0. '. 0. JfUf!~ff~3&mmc)<:!~M"J~. 1ifiiE~m~~~ilO~i&R1~~l¥J;mi*. ; 31-~1*mjf)<:J5ft~rJ*JTto ~!J 8"J 1l ~J\ ~~ ~ a"J ~ f~. ~~. ~3&iff4&a"J. ~~{Ifiil ~~. ,. f~jf)<:*~~g:ta"J~. , 1lJJ;)J01HaOOJ;j~1i. jfj[*8"J~~. 0. ~~ Rose ~Il. 5ta~jfj[*I. !J'JJ~jfj[*. ~J1.1~8"J~. ~a"J~*. *~c!x:1f! '. lTi&A~. *£l~iif'F~f~. ~J1~~1f!. i&Wi*l\lJ~. i&WiL~. 15~l¥Jc!x:!t. i&Wi~~. if!x: Wi E!!;it:. ~~JIIID1li. i&Wi. fiE. ~III11c)<:~J.lIJA8"J~;[:A§;ft. i&Wi:$:!t. ~~ID1li. 13. J;)J)<:*~~JJit~~ TM{~A. i&i'tl~~Hr. tf~ijtf~. lJ&l1x. , IlJJ;)Jf!1f~ 0. if!x:Wi9t! fM'~. ~~~. i&H1. ' ftfjMt.t:. r'th;lrft'-*.'''''-t:l':# '{=~ I7l 'J'fJ'dT~IJI..~Hx.r~/L\ § ;;Z,. ~~~*. i&WiE!!;it:. i& tfH±tlf.. i&i'tl. ji± ' ~f1X~NJj[ffjfj[*8"J~ B"J*~~g:t~~. ~~~m (. ~~~ii'li. ~~1fl1JJ~jfj[JM8"J ~~f1X ~ ~. Sabatier t~ tB. (~~~~). f±fff. Etheredge ~IJt~ ttl~~B"J~*. o. ~~£m. ~~. 0. '. 0. 0. ± : -~1*Jf~iT~.Aa"Jc)<:. ~~8"Jijf1JO. ~. J&~ilii'li I. jf~4*~: J&H§~JE£¥¥ ' hjf)CiJ~Jf15~ttih1J;Lliff~ , tTi&[lJi~flj.fffWJi!]liff~H.nU!¥~f'!f'. £::t::=E 1.ll ' iii!:! 61:1. JJ::. rJj~~~(organizational. §MfJi'5t.m::fJl8"J. -@1iffJ'C~jfaj , , *Jj. learning). fl fii ' 1;'3 fm l¥Ji!JI:!t. 1997,4:139.. ~~~t~*Jj*Il~:ttpff1!U~~. ~fi. ft '. '. *~.AW*~*;Z~O. .MI~~ 7MlltJ!i;r~~;Z. {.'~fj.!rt (mental models) 8"J. 59. ':,.:'/:"\!..

(12) iMlf~ (Smither, Houston and. Iff~j§~f~fi~. ,. tt:±~Ji. ~rp]~Jf. J. '. rlllr)*~. ij~~t]!I. ~J. ' r IJ\rmij~i&1ff J Wit. f$ , U&. , ~JU~~~~~JHijMi'~. , f~f E ft£*,§} ~$:,I!! ttlhB"J 1T. o. rm ' i1!lI!J~;%~B"J~i3. iWtlJ..Jlt·. (organizational transforming). i&1fit~ &91-~fff:lhB"Jffi&[!~. ~. f~~~. I'I"J- Jjt~11Ji '. 1fi~!Wi rp. , 111~~·~f;tgJII ' rm tt2Jf3(E T- ,~tJ11 /f rPJ a"J ft it ' n:~~~*:?r~JJ{ , RP ijJtt~[J~iI1§t : ' fJ*if~1ff ~j§jJ~i#IJJEB"J~f11J1lli : fJlJ ~O rif~Iff~i§t1EiJJ~ ~ J f*,EBif~lfff~mm§~ , rpli&. : {JIJ~a5!!iIDiiJ r*a~i&J11 ~ nWWi?JJR '~f!j'lthJr:tJ~*J ' r !j: =*f .R!l ~ i~!HI7t tt iJJ • § J ' r~~~i&Iff~i§,fs'L5'! IfH,§ , !~:£ W. !lJ[ f~H~ IhJ 'lHi rif~JH~i§ttiJJ ~~~ J &IJRJIt! rif~Iff~i§ ~!lIDiiJ1fJ W fLlttti:Jmt7f,. : RPg~HMiJcm~I'I"JjJ~ 3. ~i§ (production) : RllfA. ¥liiH~~:£=51z~~~. § Mi&Iff~Y~~lEl&f~N. ' RI] =*f Lt:£ I)~ Ii 1}. 1T~*t;N~~jJ~. ~ ~a"J~FN'11. ~~{t:. B"J if!J:m~ ~ *fff f$ , -tl1:~ I); H gtHilh ' ~~i§~f'Ftt*l&. : fJIJ~a. ~FN*)(pff~1J]lif~m~~. McIntire, 1996:18). Ji~ti7. 0. §. a"J. {fthJrWJ*J:l~~~illUJ!m ~[J~. * ,§} I'I"J ~ ~ Jlt ~ iMl f~ r!V EdZE Jj ti7. j;j /f IT ta f~. 0. l~. : 1. ~ll. (discovery). mH~~M~1'itJLFNlJ!M*,£rI'l9 a"Jm~. 0. 2. g~~H (invention) 0. 4. ~JH1E. 0. (generalization) :. RP ~~ fff ~. ffa"Jif~lfff~m~&A~. *. ~ It] *J3.fJX. 0. ~. ,. *W.nX:rhB"J~j§*~!Wi. ~1~H~IJI'I"J};-[J~lJ!mtt-~fiMEI. ri&Iff ~ j§ jlJ ~Jl J B"J *I!! §. m~a"J'ti~ (Cummings &. R[Jn~:. Worley, 1997:492) f~ *~. ,. 0. ~tJ~. ~ ~ ~ ff~ :tJ I'l',] f~ mm ~J:l. &:\1J{ij~~1i]1t£~:1df1ilJfff. , ~~/Jx:rh ~ J& a"J f;t gJII ' rm [!~ {!jj( ~ , ~mltrt ' f~3ift]!!~ fFfff~I¥J~~!Wirp. , *;i~]!!~ RH. t~. rijl~{t:*lifJlt!*fff. ifRU a'] r*J ~ ~ lEI ~. a"J. f. 0. /f. jJ'¥rnu1t~. ,. '-i?t. ~JltPff~±:~. UHIlIJJE ' fAfiFNgtp{i!iI'!"J3ifF iMlf~ , 1E~*)(fff~if~m~. B"J *~,~ : {J1J ~D ¥if: J.. 9H~ r*J:l*~*fffM J ' r A *fff If J ' r (t:*~if~J11 J ' r~. ft 51 iffJ '~FN' tt1 ~i5 ' fJR ~J it it ' If3( # ~~ , 1tM~~~ , lIJi~Mij;:. ~?!!JrtJJ. ~,£. 0. fii~fX~ § wIiEt1EiJJI'!"Jif~. '. r~~ltJ. ,~. JE. ~ ~m ~~m (=!i!Hti if~Iff*J3.*~~. 1'I"J~~:?r,iji~~~iMlif!J:m~~. ~1'I"J:±~r*J~Z~. 2.~. ~fffllI § B''li&H1~j§jJ~Jfl. =: , ~~91-l!Wfrif~[!~1finX:rh. 0. l.~&j~. 0. rmif~. ~n~. $~j. 'f0rt a"J~~ ~@J , {f1f!!1jUlft ~ij~~!l1E mlfx.~~~@]$ {JiJ~a '. z~rI'l9{t:*A±if!{f~~. 0. ~). ~. :rhij~I'I"Jfff~~ r*fff,§~J. ~lz:-{~Eljt~. if!J: tEl. 0. , ~"11 ' ~ff~~ij~:tJa"Jif~1ff ' tJWJl l!W*t1'¥:tJ " J x.~D ri&ffif ~j§giSgti]~ ~ 1J! J !ff JjIJ~gf] ~~/Jx:rh r {t:*~j§J *~!Wi f$ ,. ~JKI/j:J. rp. *. 0. ' ftfmtr3Il5tif~HiN.~~. 5.Bennetl.

(13) fffi~ IX IE ~$il&m~~ 8"J*~. Policy. Change,". Learning and the State.. tIP ' IJ&If:R ~fm~~~EdJ&~JII ' ~!ILAllt*ril&JMf!}~JI~ ,. Policy Sciences, 25,. Washington, D. C.:. pp.115-137.. International Political. f~~~t!:I:*C:~R8"Jc!;:1fi**. 6.Cummings, Thomas G. &. Science Association.. {($~1fjpx. lL if!;: r~. if). *. (1'F%f~fE~~. 0. 0.. IT if!;:. *. ~. $~=§ l:ijj~ ( 1994). r ~f:1<1tJI. ~T 0.~lTif!;:8"J*Jf #t~-lTil&c!;:1fi ~. 'A $ 11 IIJ' 1 8 TIJ 5 £jIJ~Jf~Hf!lJ. W] , J[ 8-12 2.~. (1997,4). fiJl;5(!jiilI1i. liff~gt.PX51~J~E. 3 .1Tif!;:~if!;:JMf!}~ttEiiW~ W 1(0998,4) IfgJEfjij. 1tlllJ@tEt! J! m.. ~.. 4.W::X:W (1996) t5'~t. Worley.. (1997). to.Rose, Richard.. (1991). "What is Lesson. Organization Devel. Drawing?" Journal of. opment & Change.. Public Policy. VoUl,. Cincinnati, Ohio:. No.1, pp.3-30.. South Western. 11.Sabatier, Paul A. & Jenkins. College Publishing.. Smith Hank C. (eds). 7.Etheredge,Lloyd S. (1981). (1993). Policy Change. "Go. vernment. Learning:. An. and Learning: An Advocacy Coalition. 0. ;faMT11 ;L liJf1f ' ITif!;: ~ ~ ;fl+ 1ir W~. ~.fr. Christopher G.. rr-J:l*i*Mfil '. : - ~:$g. Overview," in Samuel. Approach.. L. Long, ed. The. Francisco: Westview. Handbook of Political. Press.. San. Behavior. Vol. 2,New. 12.Smither, Robert D., John M.. York: Plenum Press.. Houston, and Sandra D.. pp.73-78.. McIntire.. 8.Etheredge, Lloyd S & 1. Short (1983). "Thinking. (1996). Organization Develop- ment: Strategies for. about Government. Changing Environm. Learning," Journal of. ents. HarperCollins. Management Studies.. College Publishers.. 0. 5.Bem1ett, CoMn 1. & Mich~el Howlett (1992) "The Lessons of Learning: Reconciling Theories of Policy Learning and. 20.1. pp.41-42. 9.}jaIl, P. A. (1988) Policy Paradigms. Social. 61. ....-./\~ ...

(14)