政治人類學一甲子：取向與課題

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(1)~8:t. -r :. J1i ifi A#Jf ~ - 'f lfl. tfiJ ~ ~ Ii! ~~./a~k •• ~H#~~~~ tt~j[2ooo£FE8P3JJt. '. Il;g~. ,. ~i&m )J\~~E8~;f4~M5E.. ' jd1&OJ. ~m=~~w*~~w·~~rW5E.Jftr~5E.JDW5E.E8$~'~.~. &~.A.~~~W~ft*~~.M~~Ali~E8~fi*'~.WM~~ .!~ff~E8EffJE~f~. i&m J ~~. 0. , Joan. r A.~E8 ' ~A~~~*~{6ff~f~ , ~~. Vincent !f!jjJIJ~t@E8jElj*. 1*)(m~Jc.\E8fEW5E.J;Xr. '. m~. E8i&mA.~~M5E.D~m-m.'fi~~~~.~'=~*~~*~+. £Frs' · J;)JIR~.tfx:rtJ*~ , iE~m A.*~~~T J;)J5f~Jhijgf!lI~~~lif!E8e* ~J&rtJ ' J;)J5Z&e*~E8~fjJ&rtJWl~~ B~-~IjJ;)JEIlE8*~ , ~IJJ;)-11.&IlE81~eli'&~~tJT Ji!fl{ll ' Wl:fIJ& rtJft)( 1tE8*5mJjJij~f!lI~f))?tf!fd';J 0. T**'~.E8~~. rmmWlYlJ&rtJtt1~.~~.E8i&mA.~~m1*ffl. 0. 0. ~TtO£Fft'~ • •~~J&mT~~~~M.~M~~fti&~~M. E8 r fiX~f!lI~lfIi J '. r ~~f~A J ' rm~IJ~ T r~we*JJ&rtJoi&mA.~E8EffJE~~~rmffT.*E8 • • :~ffi~ J;)&ffi.*5m!I\WB,[}!f,~~~~E8. ~~~~~W.*E8~m*ff.*5~~Il*~ft.llm.E8~m-mm rp~~. rfMJ!! J ( articulation). ; "1[EffJ-E~tzufPJ~f!lIm=t!tw. r IJ'. J .sX1f. ~*~~~rr~~'.sXftz~ffE8~~~~o~~z~·i&mA.~E8~ ~~:EJt~tl1tE8~M. £F{-I::; r ~.%PXJ. 0. r)lta~.$i. , m=J&rtJzff '. fi1r~~*~;\O. (state formation) EffJEE8~i~~. 0. ' fLO. ~~~ifl-~~l%. *'fi~~mi&mA.~~fiEffJEm=~W.*E8tt.i&m~~'ff~. 1EJ-¥tzOIf. rm~~1! J --E8~tJ. 0. rm1**Wlf~~;f4E8OJij~If~3. i&t~ A.~~~~=+--~*CE8~.!f!jE. : ~*~Iff)( 1t~~1t. ' '. tt1~~T ~~1tE8. Joan Vincent, Anthropology and Politics: Vision. Tradition, and Trends (Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press, 1990)..

(2) tttffMl** '. ~jJ!j5ftF1~[I'ij)(1tt±M~fF. '. 1f1B~~iit!. ". fr~*~~~~~*'~7~~~e,~jJ*~~~-~~*#flR ~ti~±:~)(*. " ¥tm ' frMl*~~~*~~:1F7ffli&mMl*~)(~ ; 2fr~ f~~(i'l1*~1~ Victor Turner ~~1'F& Abner Cohen ~~~&A ; 3tEtttffMl *~~*~~ Immanuel Wallerstein ~m1~tttffR*& James Scott ~~if ~tt\$. ; 4frn~*RX;~~e* '. WJ~~ Guillermo O'Donnell ~:E~1~1t:Wf4. M~;fIi&m& Clifford Geertz ~~~ (Negara). " 5.li1i±:~)(*~~. ~,-nOOa~~~)(*mm*fl.*~.~~e,m~.~A~.~;. ¥j- nOOB[ltQ EI3~~~~~ilm/3.&tu. '. ~&:\~~Uf@fJjU A~~:1F~~::fm~~. ~-~~~~~~'~~fr~~n~*RX;~e[l'ij~'~~~~~~i&mA. M¥ifill-+if*~l£~±:~~1iffJE " ~~z.t~ , ~1rU=tfI~~ffl*~~Jt& ~,fii]~~M". .~M.fi@~'MAi&mAM¥r~~J~*.". fi*4:W*BmJ}]fIg:E!I!~ (structural-functionalism) ~'jf;$t~3~*B~. , ili '§'~. 7tt.i&m~&¥if~~M~A.~.~~~~a~~~~.~z.~*. ;g , *~)(~mtJfJiJliEe'jf;~~~ ,. ffijfEl¥~i&mAM¥8'J~~z.1'F. '. Meyer Fortes and Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard eds., African Political Systems ( London: KPI, 1940). Victor W. Thrner, The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press,. 1967); Drama, Fields, and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1974); Abner Cohen, Two-Dimensional Man: An Essay on the Anthropology of Power and. Symbolism in Complex Society (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1974). , Immanuel Wallerstein. The Modem World-system: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European. World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century (New York: Academic Press, 1976); James C. Scott, Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms ofPeasant Resistance (New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1985). Guillermo A. O'Donnell, Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism: Studies in South American. Politics (Berkeley, CA: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1973); Clifford Geertz, Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980). 6. Frank McGlunn and Arthur Thden eds. Anthropological Approaches to Political Behavior (Pittsburgh, Pa.: The University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991), p.lO..

(3) ilk nLA. ~J ,,- 'flf- :. * r.J. ~ ~U!. 239. fr:@EB A. R: Radcliffe-Brown ~~FY;'&'ii::fr Meyer Fortes WEdward Evan Evans-Pritchard 15~~*~ § ffif?R Radcliffe-Brown J;J~:::stjf~ , ~ tl:Htf!~*-6m:rJJfig~~Ofi:iJ~m~~F?JHi&mil*~JtifJT ' :ttJER 7 fi:iJ~ r i&m m_J ; *:::st~iJ!*~~f1:rJJfig~~m~m~-±>J1jj~ (equilibrium) --~ ~fl fifff1Liii::fr~~§ , fllj~m7f1~FifHi&mil*~Jt~ (#=~~ (state) I ti:t*M (lineage) I*JlJlj (kinship) - ~t±wr ' 1lfifffi:>Z.15m~~#=~~~t± ff) , Evans-PritchardJ!ll!mJfJi!tfjfiJT~Jt5i (segmentation) , ~mJt~WtWfl 15 (fission and fusion) IJj{flIJ~~m~~n~1±wr~M{t~#5lJ /F~:@=fi ~~~:@Jt 5imUlIJ '1ffS ~~~ ~ ::fr' ¥fJ.l1j :@i&m~::fr David Easton (1959) , ~~M?WM~ 7J;XFJ:lGfr~ijitfitpy;w~§*m ' JttFf~Fj'ffli&mil*~ 0. 0. 0. 0. ~re.~~o. Radcliffe-BrownJER r i&m*il~ J ~Or: r [t:;]:@t±wr.lltM~iI*il_ r:p , :±1j!:~jJ~~#5uWtmm~Ji1iID J 8mJfrm)Ji~~~¥f7*I~-lt~i$ *1iHJi;i&mm~~, r S:fr~~ff~ ... f~iI~Dfi:iJM~RX~:ttH~tl~ti:t*M\II , ili~ff~f~iI~Ofi:iJ£I¥IHtf!fr~~t±wrfi3ts ... ~t±wr~m~Jt{t J 9ftf!ti 0. 0. ~.~ftr jJ~#5lJ#5lJN. J~MiID,~Jt~i$~'~m'ti~.llt-fi~N~~~~. ;. *~~i&iI (~O. r Jtft J '. ~Ji1iID. '. ~AiE~m) ~Jtft. flIJ~Jtifffi&¥ir~{1L. (office) .&. /F. 0. , /F~J;J.l:t~l::~~ rM~J W Radcliffe-Brown r 71ft J ~i&m*il~~Jm~~@ , mJ~~J;J.lltffl5Jt~1iHJi;)L'~~~/F~ A~~::frfr. ti7m~~rt±ff.lltM~ilm~J'ili~:@t±wr*-6ma~ll!mJ~~t±.*-6. ;f~~ff!{m~. r ±>J1jj~Mtm '. JUtH~R~Jl[P'lffl5]/FIT~J!Nf. :ff~ila~:@ilP'l~1::JltHt~to/J'1l~tEiJE-t~. ~~OiE~mJi1iID~M~W71{tiM!~~/FITJ!Nf. aJ 0. '. ijit1~m~~. 1°t±wr*-6m~m1~. mJ.lltf!n~~;fN~. , fitfi , fllJ* 13. ±to/J:ff~iI~~lt° J1tlJllim<jf:$1"[ijBPJtJ!,Jq:r~ , J'J~~JliJ.lJit' r A3t::E~I¥}t±~ Am¥* WfL . ~.E!f1il:J ' ji&;WIi. : .teA!Jj~~ (i5':ft : lEq:rt!}l5J , .§;l!Ila 81 ~) , J'i 229-231. ~~j!t*l '. 0. 8. A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, "Preface," in Meyer Fortes and fildward Evan Evans-Pritchard eds., African Political Systems (London: KPI, 1940), p.xxiii.. cJ. Ibid., p.xxii.. 10. Ibid..

(4) tErereB'J+-Wff:x$ , Radcliffe-Brown imllB'Jff*5;f14JiJ~g~B'J¥A , :liH~ftMJl!~~~~ftlFf±1;*-1if§jlB'J l1{S ~, r t±fr*5f14fIt*Jl PX71-r 11]Witpx~fjJ31~m1~ J ~ffMffi~ , tE)J~R~W~i&m~W~~~~ *,Yi*i ' fffiM[1ij~lIDB'Jl¥P1I ~~ ljIUx1r~1t~tJl!fm5$B'J~$ iE5tm~:1f Chalmers Johnson fIJffl Talcott Parsons B)[.&3.&1B'J*5;f14JiJ~g ~ , mff~i!f1t±lfB'J r 'tBUE~fjJ J (homeostatic equilibrium) tzDT : 't: 7'C~fItWi .§.fi![ t±1f] ~ fj B'J1¥tEWf!JE fffi ~ !tl;3.&1fj 5' tE7'CPXt±fr Mt*B'JJiJ~g~{4 (functional prerequisites) , m 5'tEiB:1JzP'i- ' fiflvc~~:x 0. 0. ,. 0. 0. 1t~mTDfffiMlfgt±B'J-*§rjFQ~~. 0. 12. ' Johnson 1~B'J~ Parsons B'J AGIL ~ 13{tf![J'iJBl=tEt±fr ~fjii!IY,@JiJ~g~f4 ' fiflvcx 1tFQ~ImB'J~f#1J ' mt~1t~t±fr1lfW!~71 I:$m B'J[J'iJ~1t(synchronization ' mfJ:~:mi:5-) : {tf!~: rMt*B'Jt1[JE' B'J1IfW!t)&1IfW!ff~JE[71 I]:$mB'J~.mj:!:[J'iJvcJE J 14¥tzD~ , ~WJB'J B )j~3.&1t±1f1tB'J3.&1fj, tE r ~ J B'J1IfW!pq1t~ffMAB'JI f'Fflfe' o JltfflJ*mtffi:5- Johnson~{lLB*W*m~B'JR*3Ifr;fl~ Johnson B'J'tHJE~1i:i~fJ;(3fB)[~7 Radcliffe-Brown B'J~1i:i{):!x~ , IN~ m~~B'JJiJ~g~f4. 0. 0. 0. WJ:1f~MmB'Jmlli711m~71I:mi:5-B'J~~o~~'~~B'JB)[~~~$~ ~ff~m~~~z~fjJm~B'JM*ml¥P°~1t,~-Mt*.~~~~mffi. 11 . II. 11 . 1l*X':f!!(,. .rn'l .. r*6mJ}Jfjg~i1li*ffijj. ~~8lif-) , 1'[84-140. j'igR:!I!*:ffiIW J • j'j~Jtii . ~~W~ .. : "'~.A.~I!. ;. lECP. 0. Chalmers Johnson,Revolutionary Change, 2"" ed. (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1982), p.56. I\tl~WiINAGILmP:' jH;f+~1:!Io/.J1g~H ' *~t!tfl.X':aJlIN;9'difcf1;m~ ftll~~ , ff{iiJ~~-filll ;~U;fClNff~ • Tm£\~~JE:ii~ (adaptation) , § t~*fiX (goal-attainment) , ~-?l- (integration)' * i0Mtill (latency' !!X.pattern-maintenance) 1N~*mfjg j:j:fiir?fd;fCffif"§ , 't::5t1U±!*ll!~$F~~.fJILA M~9f.i":EB~lWJlIN'5t:l'!l!IIH* • ,mj:jil1iiJEt±irlN~~~~ ; FoJ.flll • 19i1&i'€l'$F~j:jtlj]5ti!C~JE*fiX 0. 0. t±ir§.IN.~:1g~~t±ir~M~JE~HIN.-?l-~~;~1g~ft$M~JEt!t~'5t.~.~~ ~offif~*.~!!X.mftlN.~,~mt±ir~.1g~HBfl~~~M*;t±irOOfi~~~9f.~IN.. Jl·FoJ.'t::lNfl.mR~~~§IN~.E.·.JlIN.D.(~Tffif~ft~9f.)~fl.IN*~. (~ft:b5t~~~§IN) '5tXM*ilit.~AGIL~{illI*~. ; £lD9f.$.m~~~'5t~ffij~:iB~IN~~ ;. 9f.~lWJl~§IN'5t~ffij1:fUt§t~IN~~: ~~.m~§IN'5t~ffif1:.frlN~~: ~$Ill!m~~~ '5t~ffij1:X':1t.~IN.~. ~~WiIN~M~.::f (Edward O. Laumann) , A.m~1g~H~Ill!m1i.~filll~!'I!INCP,L.'~ffitl:i~1N Johnson, op. cit., pp. 55-56. .flll~. I'. 0. 0. ~JltiWd.~~~Wi"HSlINt±ir.

(5) ~roA~*-'~:~M~~M. MI. r:::X:{r:Bf;t J (cultural dopes) , {t!!~tll:!!J::!'fJgfElifJl¥J1i~t± •• ~~.~'~~mGa~~oo• • ~'®~~~ifJl¥J.m.m,~~@ 1iLA.:g , ~rJ ' fI~~L~ ~1F~Tf{rJmilifU~~~~?Jft 'oj J;j~fjiJ:~~t$t1lt r:::X:{r:Bift J m~~~~~®~~1¥J ~t±WlmG~ms~. 0. 0. ~*'~Mm~~ilifUm~&~mal¥J~~,.~r~~~J~~&~ ~t±Wlmf~~pg$~OOI¥J!i~'f¥~. 0. 15l§:f!tI~flt~ZP. AGIL .t±Wlff1£z&:'~f~1~~-:fl~. , mtJflHi~ Parsons .1PJ. ®~-tv~tJr Radcliffe. 0. Brown ~ Parsons ~,~,;f'!! , msOJ~~JJHt!!1F~ms~JtH±WlJ'J~-~~a~~. ltffUlM '. *¥!f~t±WltzD1PJ §. ~D!W*~4o/J~!i~mUFj. :fi1¥JJ!i!ilifU f.~~!t;lEA~{~mlm § , fjiJ:tza r A!tJi1E1IJ mTJlA~ r1lJ 0. J;jB~4o/J. ~'Ii'l*. ltD!W~'ill~,l§:~~.m~.~RT~1II¥Jtt'l°.m~~a~Mtt, j;.*fj&fJg~mt±Wl. '. l§:~~ili~l:tmJlM*~~@]~I¥J~[IJ. 5$~ AGIL. 0. ~t±Wl~OO~~#'mt~~~*r~~JZmo ft~Ftltlj~5tsR~~*;fi§ r:p. , ~fHlLilj~§*fE~F¥1'Ht±Wl5t.-=-~ : ;F~~. ~~~.Jlo~~~t±Wl~~~ml§:.t±Wl~~ff&m.o~~M~~. ~~~Mm~.&~a~I¥J~.'@~~Mmm~rlli~~.~ • •M. 1¥J5t ::sta~ J. fif~. , • • ~~H~&m~{*~liUf!. JlIBWf~~@.-I¥J/J\~t±Wl' ®.JlR~~rj~. r 1ilA~~mi1~~~*H. ( unilateral descent groups). 0. (bilateral family) ~{t!!A~M~t±Wl.j[;~*51¥J~f*~a. 0. J. 0. 16f~~~t±. WlX~M~~.t±.o-~5t~r:p'$t.JI~t±Wll¥JmilifU~m'~.ili~. , 5t~I¥Jm!~ , ili~fl~ Radcliffe- Brown t:t~J:1:t?tmtl~~m~!itJr $J:'L ' Fortes ffi Evans-Pritchard ~1~;F~~~ ~lli~M~t±WlI¥J5t!f'~.TA.m!~;mJ!i!.j[;'AD' '. ~fJiHj:H§~I¥JB3!fjf*4. 0. R~rj 0. '~h~OO'~h~~'$t~~M~I¥J&.'~~flm~.mo~~~ ~B3!f.M.~m~ff~~MI¥J!t~o. 15 . Anthony P. Cohen, The Management ofMyths: The Politics of Legitimation in a Newfoundland Community (Newfoundland: Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1975), p.4; Ronald Cohen, "Political Anthropology," in J. J. Honigmann, ed., Handbook of Social and Cultural Anthropology (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1973), p.867. M. Fortes and E. E. Evans-Pritchard, "Introduction," in Fortes and Evans-Pritchard eds., op. cit., p.6..

(6) ¥t~FH+lil3netR~~ r:p ~ EE.!I!tji*4*;g. , Max Gluckman , ~~~~~n~~:f±l1t ' fffi Evans-Pritchard FJT~1lt¥ftili$~~m ~ , ft!J~tit*~~:f±l1t Gluckman iEB~fJ:l~ A3lH~fiPj11l~WI~n~*J.l .~'Bmm~~~• •~.~~~r:p~~~tt#~, ,.~ ~1~1iff~JfR1.~ .tt')HJ:l~Ajft~~ti:I(King Mpande ' 1838-1872)&~ ~9i.B.!;i&ift(l888-1938)~fiPj~*ftm ' {tM5HJIfJ:l~~*~~ftI*MH;f::f~ : ~ 0. 0. I-~~-~~-tit*~&EE~~§~offfiiE::f~~*ftmM~'$m~m $m~~$m~m~~M~ilim~::f~;~m~A.B.!;~~~::f~.~~M ~~~'ili~~~~o~-~~~~,. ,. r. §. l1t~.1EfUJ.l.lJ&ffljtr:p;t.if*J.l.~ilfF. 0. J. 17~~~1~¥U. *~~ftI*ft~ti:I~K~~}E~*J.l. ~5!ii~I~3t:~&.~mi~~#fJT. ' fffift9i~~{-tfiP::ffj}E~~~ B ' iE::.$:Xr:p Gluckman stfz?i~lJI!~1~n~ 0. ftI*~.~*~o lJI!~1~~IfF. '. ftIJ~~~~. Evans-Pritchard. ~tJr:p~~m~~tit*~i&. mm.~~Xo~~S~mA~:f±l1t~m,.~~~.1lt¥ftili$~~*~. , (age-set)~\'ijr:p. ,. #3t;t.ra'~rHl{M. {*. 0. ••••••. fffi{m~.IHJt~mA:f±l1t~$r:p~$m. !lffl*pH:f:Hm1f~~. '. r i&m~. :. '. ,. &1F~~ [7g~~Ji±. J;)'&[~Ji±ftI*]iE~{~:f±l1t~ff!jr:p~:jt~:f±l1tH*~1I. [ililftll{*]ff!jPX#~~~ii~ftI*J. frni1§-tt;~aJl#~~~ii ~-{~#3tJJj{ftlj~fiPjIID. 0. ~1Ftf:Hiti~~mA~r:p. ,. ' xmS#3t®:ftIJ: ri&m~ftlra'~#~~~ii ; -{~~m$~ffijtT~iU#¥{lr ' ¥tmJ;)JJltJl. " Max Gluckman, "The Kingdom of the Zulu of South Africa," in Fortes and Evans-Pritchard eds., op. cit., p.53. E. E. Evans-Pritchard, "The Nuer of the Southern Sudan," in Fortes and Evans-Pritchard eds., op. cit., pp.295-296..

(7) a~A •• -'~:.~ •••. ~3. rfJlfiS rM!l!it;j\*f!t)JM#Lt-MllerfJi&Jf!£ ' mliLtJilIl. ~i!~fi;ymx..f[ffti(fJftJH1:iJ?JT~J:&rfJ-{I1\1~1iJe*. ~. 0. J 19}fj. Gluckman. , i!{i7t3tW-WJ ' e::ffftE~ , /J\*f!¥.}7t~rfJi&Jf!£ J 20 Evans-Pritchard tJ7t 3tW-~IJ*fff*'ttt*Mt±trrfJi&m~fM ' i!fI~ffi i'jr*1~.~:tff-Fj.rfJB~ ~1rJfttJ=+if1~i&m~:tf David Easton.lt~ 1f**1CrfJm~2jl~~Jl,\ , 1aH~~EI~F~~)t:lIl~i±HtRtt*Xzra5 ' i&mA~~,~' mrfJ~1t Easton rfJml¥P§~1~te ' tJ7t3tW-~UfF~ttt*Mt±trrfJi&m*~ l5.tE~:t:Utj!t~; r fffPlt±tr J rfJi&mf~51'ff5tE~t±tr rtU5E&¥AfJ ~ ~}lt1J?JCmrfJ~1J J 21~ gZ ' Easton -niiirllJl,\rfJ~?JCm~J:&rfJi&m fJiIJ (political action) rfJ4s::I' ffjj¥3--niiimID:t[li]1~1~-111\1*~~tJmit 1IfirfJi&m:ffiIJ &~firfJi&me* tEE~oo 'i&me*~~te~~*1JrfJ?JCm' • •lifii&mfJ , tJ&!ti&Jff ' _ttl ' ~e - OOJil;J;: iIJ:~*Z~J:&' 'fJi&' ::ffPJrfJ3tffl 22;Jtrp/F rfJ3t1~{-riIJ' ~~JjlJlimilrfJ 1z;]~~®ffiIJ~-WJ ~i&me* rprfJ - M~J.:~Wif§iI ; ¥'}WJ1EfJilJt.mL?JT~lIlrfJ51-tE7t3tJj~~1J ' 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. x.~J:&lEi7t::f[PJi&me*rfJ!t~~~. 0. 2. 3. , Easton W&~ Fortes & Evans-Pritchard tJm {~i&JffrfJ1f~ , fF ~n ~ ~ ~~n ~ ~t± tr rfJ 0fE -7tJr ' i§JiHt!!::f &: ffjj {t!! ID:t [Ii] M!I! 0. " i)'§~~,. 24. r A)(:±~fl':Jt±.Am¥* fftfL· ilHllBiJ'. ~ 231? ~.Alli!1Rf~*flt!t~, ~ii'f$ ' liff5e~nl!iJlJ21±f!}r:J{l~ : [il1i~]1±f!}fl''.l~1J. JJfjH~:!,J!.z1±f!}~JE!r:Jli:~ ),jI"H±[~JE!P:p~tfJJi!lIlli!WM!1iJlt • ffiL§.~jJr:J~.IZi].mf!}~&t±f!}r:J ;ttftl!.P.X~ • FJTJ;J~m¥f~IJ.r:Jlj(.jJ:fi ~~ti!fi5i.':""Fflii~ff,m~/ffjgfEi~~'Fr:J • 1Zi].m'8f!}t&*~fi ilE~m~~ ±:Douglass Northmil71f&'1JIr:J*fijj~1!f 0. 0. jJJfllW&lilIImr:JflAEfIlf*~1iW}r:J~'Il. 0. NorthJlt~ffl~. r tfJ:!,J!.z1±f!}~JE! J '. JJ~11jjr:J*fijj~1Wffifiij. r:J ' A~il-f'Fffij;JiiJfjgr:J~flHt : ~il-f'Fr:J$:tJi1li~:ifHJ ' f~At.tftl!.),jL!!i$;r:J~Jx1j!:@7'C:i::r:J&\ ,~, • ~~il-f'F$:tJir:J}"Ii1/fy ~m¥fi"t~nI!iJIJ2Uf!}9=Jr:J~1J. ' ~7il-f'F~filf4z:9f. • ;m~hDJ: ~jJJI(l!fir:Jm[!jflfilf4 5lDougiass North, IttJI.I ' IttJIII!.~~~~mt(lnstitutions , Institutional Change and Economic Performance), f~JII,j.il\'f! (iJ:lt : ~¥Ii)(1t: ' .5:;~ 834) , ~ 12 ' 50 ' 55 Max Gluckman, Custom and Conflict in Africa (Glencoe, TIl.: Free Press, 1955), p.8. David Easton, "Political Anthropology," in B. 1. Siegel ed., Biennial Review of Anthropology (Stanford,. CA: Stanford University Press, 1959), p.235.. Ibid., pp.227-229.. Ibid., pp.229-234.. Ibid., p.2l8 ' ffI.*1!ftf2~mli'iJ~EastonJlt~t.tFortes ~Evans-Pritchard7tm~i$r:J:iL!!iIll!'Iift: :f:lGfI"l?:'E iE)( 9=J E jill 1:11=fli:ii1!fr:J7tm ' ~$~:ff~'d:1clti/!'5t;\mi'~!!Hin4~.¥rJ I¥Jt'l* 0. 0. 0. Z4 . 0. 0.

(8) - ~ Evans-Pritchard. 1¥J5+"3t)Jj{J'jtJW{m El i31¥J"3t¥j)Jj{J'jtJ '. J;)J~fiXilJ5+iI&:ma*. 1¥J-*~~o@mw,m-*~~~~a*~m~&5+"3tm~l¥J~ft~. JJt ' JJt 0. -§';fI"3t1~*EfMl¥J~ftf~JJ[, &"3t1~Jt~(iI&:J0 25~1f1m~::'{~f~~tmfPIm1f1i1&:m£~~l¥JiU5+. '. ' J!fljlJ '. rg;m)l¥J~ftfj. Easton fr*::st~.illzrifl. ~&o. ~*afl. Easton. m5+. )Jj{~~fi • • ~W5+&)Jj{~,afl~~~7M r.~ J 1¥J$5+-5+.-f[i¥j~~. .fiXl¥J~fM&~fMm~I¥JJt~-iI&:J0'J!~'. : EE"3t1~1iIJJ~. °m.-ilJ5+~~~.. , ; &1 ~f~~~ -I¥J r "3t¥jJt~I¥J~ftf~JJt J tlD fPI ~m1f1 Fortes & Evans-Pritchard m~¥UI¥J:1Fri'Hjf~m:E~~ , $~~~ lIn ' frm~~nrg; ~OO*E5+mRl¥JiI&: ,Wrg;m?x Easton .7i~MiI&:m*1l-j)U~~l¥JiI&:mMjjj , &:ffi:f1EiI&:m£~~1-:&\~1¥J OOpNfr:E~{~~~rg;*l¥JlMlII 1f1~{mil~~~Tlt Evans-Pritchard fr$m ' tit*M '&fF~M ~1l~¥IJ;f~ fPJiI&:m f{rJI¥J*~ ~~~ B ' Evans-Pritchard 1¥J*~&:ffi:f~¥IH3t~f/ij'±:~1ltlD Michel Foucault 1¥J1IH51 : fiX~£ll[l¥Jf~~. 0. 0. 0. Foucault '§'fiffl1JI¥J~*lHm~JJ~m::ffr;. 1")= , ttL1iJfTfEZJlX.f3t~f/ij'±:~1¥J )J~~*1lFJTi31 t:£~OOffi~¥iJ5+"3t)Jj{f{1J. '. Evans-Pritchard ~mAl¥Jfj 0. ~F~~)~.~~$I¥J£ll[~?1~UI1U~*.3!~5+m~. ~~~l¥Jm*°frm.m~T'~fM~~~l¥JiI&:mAm*1l~.1E~~~ ~~fiXMmil&:mi&If~I¥J1¥.&Il5+;ffT. 0. m;fl~~XJr{::EL~ Easton ~il1E~fM. ~~~WiI&:m1iIJJ~~~'E~~ill°ffi:f.m1¥.&llil&:mi&IWI¥J~~MM.. mtAm* '. Gluckman 1¥J~J!i¥T. '. t:£50fF{~rmtzii~J;J~Ji:i¥J. '. iJ~l¥J1!:&. ll5+m~~~RTiI&:mm*i¥J~lM~llio. " Ibid., pp.230-234. lb. Clifford Geertz, Works and Lives: The Anthropologist as Author (Stanford, CA: Stanfor~ University Press, 1988), pp.49-72; Renato Rosaldo, "From the Door of His Tent: The Fieldworker and the Inquisitor," in James Clifford and George E. Marcus, eds., Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986), pp.88-93..

(9) ~~A • •. ,~:_~. •••. ~5. :::- " iEi#i1t ~ a~ ~~I ~*Jf : 1954-1974 t1lt~l~7tfJTI&rOJEfJlW1r J;J-Jlt~~N. '. '. ~1r~~}:£tE 1954. :::f1tfl!iH~~~ Edmund Leach. tE. .¥ 1974 if.EfJ-+if.FFO'. 0. 1954 if.tB/tR*iJijlH]r.¥J:I:t!!EfJi&mH. *.g'~~~~~EfJ~~7t~~~*~~tE-+if.EfJ~~~;~~~~ tE 1974 if. Immanuel Wallerstein tB/tRTIJU~tl!:We~f;g-$ , ~Jlt~.mT. i&mA• • EfJ7t~I&rOJ'~~~~7t~~~fi~.EfJM.~~~·~M. *7tfJT • :ff:~JI'f1fEfJfll!~iflf~15- 74 if.J;J-1~8q~l~7tfJT.~FfT~¥rlEfJfll!~iflf32lS ~ , ~mtB7t~1J.~EfJtJ.t~~1J] 0. 0. tE-+if.EfJM~~'~~~~~~~~~H*~~~7t~EfJ~ftA. fi Gluckman' J;X& - {lLi&Ifj7tfJTEfJ{~~A~ : Victor Turner (J;J-fl• .f~ , social drama ' 7tfJTjfjj~M. ) , fi Turner /PJ Gluckman ~F'EfJ Abner Cohen (J;J-7tfJTi&m~f(~~ ) , &fi~1f&WT!f9:.Wf~~EfJ Fredrik Barth ( J;J-)Z:~~ , transact-ionalism ' ~ff;t~~!IH1:1Rm~jfjjlifJ~ ) orm:::f;g ~1I~-{1lf'F~ , {1!!~fl;JHQ]~ffl-~{J5I:~~~EfJ1i¥1Ii;*7tfJTi&mfJ~ : ~M ( phase) , ~~ (field) , Jif.if~ , , iI!:5t: ' ~~ (threshold) , iimtJ ' 15 rOJ~~ ; jfjj~~~R B EfJ~JL,<~~{~ftlj~iI!:5t:1Jf4 &AJif.if~ ~~ili~1i¥1t~ ~H*~EfJ1i¥1Ii;:ff)jJj , 1~~fflEfJ~ : Iii~(stage) , M*. (level) , Imm ' ~ JJi ' i~1t ' 1CImtJ (trigger) , @Jt! ' , jfjjA~JL,\!l{~ftlj~~;fflXEJZ~ :ff~. 271;£:M~IiWT!f;=J.ilii& Barth EfJlW1ril~ , ;fjG1r~-ftIJOJ J;J-fll!fW{1!!1f~ 1~{ft7tfJTi&m~1tEfJ.~ , ~fTEfJ1l!t~~R BEfJ'lfMrj1t ; ¥fWJ~fll!fW~DfiiJfij ~ : Leach. 0. 0. *r~.-~~J~rE.. *~J~MOOEfJ7t~'E~~~~~I&rOJ.. ~EfJt?&J§~~o. tliif!JtttlmJ~5ge~fi!~1~*OOiIU!ijUtUJ:It!!~ot;~ (Kachin) ~AEfJ~ilJ. /PJ. (identity) FJ]~. 0. ~D*~fr~1e:WJ. 1:*~EfJ}:£~. Leach EfJFp'~ff;tOJ1fgf&rm1t~ rot;~A=D @J~Wfi!'. r. J. r. EfJ~:a:. J 0. ~~. , 1I~Jf!@J~ Leach EfJ ,. -JmEfJfi!M~mot;~A~¥/PJ.EfJ.:a:mB,mfi!. Joan Vincent, "Systems and Processes, 1974-1985," Annual Review ofAnthropology, No.15 (1986), pp. 99. 119..

(10) *fiP'EJ.13-m7Cf1.lz:(f]l&m}Jj{flrJ-5Si~~tMHn r.EP;~ J (gumlao) 5Si~fflJZP:~(f]. r .EP;rj) J (gumsa). ~lj(WJ. 0. }Jj{.J'lIJ!fi;! fin ];)~@J~~~A(f]§!ZpHiH+~ , §. ~fi~~YmmM§!Z~~~r*@J.~J~M.o~§~,. r J mAXY~~A{,\iiL~ riiHlIi*5mJ ' ii* ' ;Ul~~ r ~~Wlt£l&rbL~*@J.~ J §!ZIPJ ' Leach §!z~1E~{tl!~~{'F(f]± f1~~u~~Rrm§' m~ ~. 0. , rm. r.EP;~J!fi;!. rm{~iij.{tl!~fffPJl&miT~(f] 0. 28~fJ!mflj!iirmmMl~l&m. r.EP;~J~U~~~~ilir.EP;~J~M~(f]~. r .EP;rj) J ~t±~flIJ~~f~. r.EP;~ J ~J]jffllJrm5t~AX!f!!j\UM~m. 29. rzg~~~~l&mR*'EJ.13-mflj[§lrmmMl~§!zlPJt;j~. , fin];). mr~~~OOJ*ft~*5mm~~~~D.~OO.~o. Leach ±~ ,~~.~. l&i'fr(TliJ~lfI{~~M*5mrtJ~-l&m}Jj{.J'llJf~liJ~ij~1J. ; {tl!§!z~f~Affi&~lm rmN~ , EXtt~{~Al£~IPJ!IIR*~ttl!{ll];)~I&l&mfi~ , ~~fJE{~~~}: 1mM.iI~ r J !fi;! r J ~rEl'~~rzg 31 0. .m~~~R*.~.~W~.~filiJ~-~~IiJ~,m~~ffi&~~ LeachfbZm~~iftR*"rtJ3flMji5ttfT~~W1A!fJJJ. !f!m.~~~'.l£~m*~flliJ~' ;@1f~filJij~~~*5tM~.iI. 0. 28 . 12 . ,. {tl!AXffi&~W1AflJ. ~~M1J'~~flliJ(f].*. mflf1JL\ii~. , ~{~iij. 50 £f:{~1¥J Leach' ( structuralism) 1¥J~W1A!fJJJ. 0. riiHlIi*MMJ m~Yfl~.*(f] AXffi&iftR*"rtJ Levi-Strauss ~*5t~±~. 0. Edmund R. Leach, Political Systems ofHighland Burma: A Study of Kachin Social Structure (London: The Athlone Press, 1954), p,xiii. Ibid" p,227, Ibid., p.xi. Ibid.. pp.8-1O. Leach{~*tE 1970 :!f.1iiip.x711t?J<.~~t!jJ'Uf'jl..evi-Strauss (flj!(mfffcp~ , ~41*li":t:.2Q • ~. i!1ft:), ~m:t • .AJQ1!¥1lf*fJ1JfffiI±~§!¥,*Perdinand de Saussure (1857-1913)rn~j~J.lI!illfi ' ~t9'!¥ ,*Pau1 Ricoeurrn~.fII! ' ~t"mr~!¥rn(lll}d"JfI.~: (-) ~J!HtiJlI<fti7H!TMJm:Jtll<ftt7H!T ' lN~* ,mJtm!iI~~t'Em, ( ) 3iffl~,fj\'ff.)-,f!Trniff1YlJ ' JJEBDJlW~IUf.)-rnj[:~Ifr~,§Pirnfll~!U~~ (.=:) ftJlt~HifCcprnj[:~*gFF~~~ , '8Ffi~flrnliHIi!;t:tlt!!j[:~rn~lllj, «(lll) tEJtt*,mcp • Ifrflrnll f*fllI~PJ"trn • ~1:i]~~ , lffl15*,mJil:/Fffii5lf.3:ftrn; r.Ri~~U rnij"i"Iflt¥tErn&:'~ ~Paul Ricoeur, Interpretation Theory: Discourse and the Surplus of Meaning (Port Worth, TX: The Texas Christian University Press, 1976), pp.5-6. 0. 0.

(11) ~~A • • -'~:*~. 1!f ' tQ l!l J.ltftIDtWI3l1b 1::)(1~Z;f~ J 8"J tlt~ ~~tJ]i¥J§ZP~. 0. i1 Leach !It::)(~:EJIi¥J I :EJI[~±. fili~~ Leach i¥J~~iJ r~~DTi¥JFo~~:. *~DfPJPJ J~~~@t±fr ..... JtfM-f~~~i¥J§gRjHPf~ ~~f±frJERftJ!t~t:;i¥JfN*~fPJ. 0. M7. 0. f~rI:iH~~£wr±Ri¥J)d~W~1!f Talal Asad '. RJ. •••. ,. I }J~W~i¥J::)(. ffjj~f~jHPf~3mPJ.I~. J 33:t~g1!f ' ~t~;f§fPJi¥J l:EJI[r~±. ~J' Leach fr~$fN*?q~~5E 1-~iJ£ff!5E.~1JfD~f*fr-fl!!ft±frfli¥J ~;Yd\fOrW!f$. J1~£~. ,. ¥}~iJ£~,filffllj~?fffm2t;f9X1!f~~i¥J*f93K~3l1bJ0A. 0. J 34tQ. , Leach i¥J71ffTfJJ~~WIDtMV*~J;)J?d~*i¥JMfM±Ri¥J fPJ ~t1. ( synchronism) ~N#iU. f§&:i¥J '. 0. ~-flL~iliA4o/J. ' Max Gluckman '. frWImb~F~~)~.~~$. M~~~~~~t±fri¥Jm.~~::)(~'EM~ff!5E.m~i¥J·.~OO~i¥J71 ~om£'~ffi~~h-.£fra*~i¥J~~T~g~~~~~71~;tQ W~~~~2i¥J~a~OO.~~BMfM~~~1!fi¥JDa.,m~~A~~ :mf'F£~iliA4o/J. ffjj Gluckman i¥J~ilit1ji , ~~-t;f~Z~ : fili~fJJ* i¥J~fj71ffT8"JfMr~ , g~tQtJH±:lT I f±fr:l:~~ J ( social field) i¥Jm~ff!'t ~ , m£~Jl:I;;:EJI[~8"J~JffD~m:Yt* ' ~iJ~~fili8"J~t±:l~j: , Victor Turner' *iCfflG Gluckman rET -*~i¥JiUM*~rnflG1r~:EJIfr~~ I ~~j~OO J i¥J. ~ fr~F?Hri¥JmfiH1i~iti~ ( 1955) ~$ , filita'i~T~FHHt±frfl1i,fi~~~ lEWrmflf'F ffl i¥J.~-*~fi!Xr' • "*~ iYrtrtM£ (estrangement) . IlK lirq • Wfti 0. 0. .. 0. Ao~.,fi.~i¥JRm~M~&¥$,m~~fr.m~~~~'&:ffjjt:;~ £fMfflG:EJI~~~8"J-g~71. :. fr~-~OOi¥Jt±fr~%$'A~~*i1aZ~i¥J.~'fr~~~~~ .ifi[IJz~f*i¥JfD~~. 0. 35. }'iff J;)~f~a*i¥JfCl~~J1~~t:;i¥J;Xa*£~~fr.~. 0. [J1~f~]~**Jl~. $i¥J_i1~az~,£~~-~afflG~i1~~·~~·&*~i¥Jmmlffllj~. .11. Talal Asad, "Anthropology and the Analysis ofldeology," Man (New Serial) ,No.14 (1979), pp. 607-627.. " Ibid., p.616; Joan Vincent, Anthropology and Politics: Vision, Tradition, and Trends (Tucson, Ariz.: The University of Arizona Press, 1990), p.272. 35. Max Gluckman, Custom and Conflict in Africa (Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1955), p.2..

(12) FJTitJ5}B~~ft. 0. 36. fi1gIlt~JtFFR* R1TjfJ~~~m~t1. a. '. f:'gOO~jHlt. ' *Jt Gluckman. ~[J7 1965lf ' {-ili~iFi. E*£RWJ~IJ5}ffTfI. :. [~ff&WT*~*~~AM~1!fn5'ltEB:m5}ffTt±~~f**~~~JPl ~@fiI{*~ti~tttPc~1t. '. ' ~~. EHJTtttf~~RlZFJTWf*/F[qJ!J¥JIrJWfl-rra~fti~. a. ~*~~~M.~m@~~'~~~~~&.~R&~~M1!f.~&~~ ~M@~'~.1T@~~~~oOO~~5}~~@@~,~~~~~tE.B. t±~~m~jfJ~~~~,~~tE~~RW~~~~~~w~mZ~.~o. 5f ~ Gluckman M~@tJH3~ (tJ!~-¥f&) oomtJ!fU~ (tJ!~El ~ ) , ~!i!I.H-ili~~~ Turner 5!li~~m~1iWH~tlff§& a {fl~{-ili~mtEIIlRjfJ~j ~m~7m1;3~~01iiJ'jfJJtfrJ~ , 5!li~~~5}ffT~ffh}~.tti~ tE@.r~.WTM~~J~~~~5}ffl~~~~'@ • • ~ • • ~ 0. rt±~.~J~m*5}ffl~~~~~.~o.~,@.mmmm.~~. r EE~[qJ~t±~~Jtm~V~ ...... t±~~Rwt±~fi3~zra'8":rfil~. a. J. 38ffij. ~@m.~m.~~.m~,~~@m~~m~rt±~~.J~¥f&.~ ~~~~.fI.#'OO~@.#~mtE~[qJ~R~W~~ • •AW• • • 1!f~lijfJfiI~~o~M~~mRlZt± • •~'OOt±~.~~M'jf~~.±~ ~OO~tE~·~~@~.~R~r.~~.J(.~~'jfm*~m)oo.. tt7~.~~~.'~*~~Thrn~~ti~'t±~~~m~~$RlZ~ft~ AM~~~*~.~o. Turner ~t±~~~~.~iWR15-tE@FJTErJ~ r t±~JIlJ J ( social drama) -gPJ~ , 00 rt±~'U J fllj~1-ili*~~~~5}ffTfm ' f'F~m~t± • •1~~:Jl *rtl1lL FJT§1f1 r *~~~fj5}ffT J ' i:&ft~ Turner ~[qJif Abner Cohen ~~ m,~~~~tit±~Mm~~*~m~~,ft~' • • '.~4.~jfJ. 0. Ibid., p.20.. ," M'll §Marc 1. Swartz et aI., "Introduction," in Marc 1. Swartz et aI., eds., Political Anthropology (Chicago: Aldine, 1966), p. 2. Max Gluckman, Order and Rebellion in TribalAfrica (Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1963), pp.23 1-232. Abner Cohen, Two-Dimensional Man: An Essay on the Anthropology of Power and Symbolism in Complex. Society (Berkeley. CA: University of California Press, 1974) p.2l..

(13) ~~A • • -'~:*~. •••. ~9. ftmo~$'~~·&~~M£lli~~.~~~~~~m.Mmr.. 14 J ; OO~Jm . {iA~iJ£lliW.14~J~~~W~~ r.fiQ:J. (symbol). 0. 40 00. Thrn~~ftmR~'~~~~lli~Jmm.~.~.#W.fiQ:Z.'.~~ ~~·ftm~hl·~~~~~~m~~~~~~ftmo. r i-TIV~][ ~ J 41~~~~][~$ , .14f~ftMm:~>J\~ft;f!T~{1l-UifJJrJ ; OOUifJJrJ ~ffif Fa' ~mg~f~ IE ~ JH5t:ffif~ , ~~ Fa' ~~iJ X. OJ ft m r ~ ~~][~ J (national field) W r Jmn'~~m J (local arena) 42Turner IE~ r ~][~ J m ria*;f§~~.~fl1&~rrlV~ZFa' , PJT~~~~~~1* ...... J' 00 rt~tJu ~IJ ~ r ~~][ J.BX Z pq J ' IDE ~ ~ ~ 1L IV ~ j:~ ~ , ili ~ SA I[ OJ ~ ~ m~ J;jiE~~*~~.14~ft;f!TOO. § ,. t:~~~~ Turner pJTM~. 0. 0. (frame) , ]1!~?R:mnlE~j:~~. 0. 43Uif'U~JH5t:ffif~$~OO~Jm~~f~~. ~.. ' ~~~x.OJftmf\*ffif~Jj (phase) : lEe~il~IV~&~ji*ffifM . ~ i j fO zP: ffif M . f~;{~ffif ~Jj . 1L fF m~:¥JJ~ ffif ~Jj . IV ffl irMff! W~ IE ~$U ffif M . &~mffizp:ffifMo"~m~~~~~~ftM,m~~.~~ffl~tt~~* f\mM~~~~moM§Z'Thrn~~&~.#'~~~JH5t:~~~~~. It. '. m1~7f'mb. . ft;f!TB1I~. 0. ffiff!~'Thrn~ili~ffi~~~~~.,m~~~.#WWIt.'fi~7 ft;f!T~.fiQ:~~~n¥t. 0. .fiQ:~:st{~~~*~$. , OJftmI~.fiQ:. 1~1iA~~Z~$) W±~.fiQ:(*Jtmm,:~fl1[!ZpJT~)mfi. 0. (mpx~ ±~.fiQ:. - fi~$U*iiE~fl1& : 45tB'C~1!l~l'Fffl ' r~§7.fo/JfOi-TlVi"Sffl ~~1~[.fiQ:f-f5m]*{-t~ J ; ;It;.x~~~l'Fffl ' m3@J ~Turnerfj~ifU{~~m,:~li. '. t:m~. ~ffl.fiQ:~A~r~~J'±~.fiQ:~~lEffif~~OJ~~~~~~~;~ ... 1~~mt~{~l'Fffl .0 . FfT~I!lra¥~Im{;*. '. '. ±~.fiQ:~~~@m~$~~. ftllrt~&4jJitlH.f/f[PJ~!llt\l:.~t~. r ~'§ J W r~fjJ m. , ~f"fW~11li'Pi@~lJ[jjJ1L~lzl~. 0. .t:J~{4~f1~. {t~~{~~RX.~~11l~1ZSl ' {t~~{~~~ , JlIJf::rM'liffJ'itf§$ffilIDIiI1t~FfTfttllf1~jljt\t:~.IW:*~. 0. ,. ffiJJIt~~. frj\gTurner~~f¥7tfITtJ~ , IE~f:rIt1J:lBm{J:liIDlil1tIW:~~ff!i{;%IJ'I, .1 Turner, The Forest of Symbols, p.43.. " Victor Turner, Drama, Fields, and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society (Ithaca, NY: Cornell. University Press, 1974), p.140. 0. <3. Ibid., pp.127-128 & 140.. " Swartz et at., op. cit., pp.32-37. " Turner, The Forest of Symbols, p.28 & p.4S..

(14) itIffl ; ~~zm~-1frnnFlJii~'Bz~*~~Jt .,m.~MlIDo.e.~,. ~fj. • • ~=. ~1-r~' ~.~/t:f:. ••. '. ~-jJlIDWJmimt±~m. ~~.~~~~~~,~~~. JiHrJ'C-~mfuj1t~ft.lz:fFffl. 0. Turner~~-if;tEftH~~~• •. ' ~3li~:fI (rite de passage) ~~Ar:p~ ]jtJ.~ , lli~lfI-Mlt~AM!¥ff Van Gennep ftp'x.:q:::fI~ - ~~~-J1. ' ~i1l (Turner~m3l~1t ' margin)' *G~-r:p~OJ;gtH ( 1967 : 94) 46 Turner frjJfj+JLtf:t*CrrL~ ,J;)~ ttfJlj :x:mil~fftilttf$~ (The Hidalgo Insurrection, 1810.:q:: 9 J=J 16 BlEe$ ~ 1811 .:q:: 3 21 B*111 ) 0. m~,u~~~~~~flfi~W~fio"fftilttf~t±~E'IEe~~$W_§. !1J--Wilttf:flfl:X: (~-f~~jffittf~jffim5f~) , rm:ril~ , rm:r~1~B!;~~~ ( tH:EtlP1fftilttf ) --~~jffittfr:ptf~~JrJmfl;fpX-*1ll~$~e~ 1t£1I'~~lli 0. ~~~±mML*~MAB!;~~~~~(~~~m.*~M)'~~~~ B!;ID~jffim5f~~£.~m,w.~*~.~.E~**~.z£~R~ ItH~. (r. ~~j~J ~A~!llfDZP:~M). 0. ~~~t±fr"J~A~.M~!#J. ~,~m~§!1J~mOJ~~~A~~~£mil~jffim5f~fi.m'*Wfi {t£1f~~~~llf:!~. (r ~1ma:~j!~J ~ r!t£1f't1l~J Z$fl~) 181O.:q:: 9 16 BtE~mmwr;fpX~~fJEIEe$ , !II~m!UlJ91frJ~!#J~ , fiP~~~71LfF~jJ 0. ~~~~~~'B. ~fflm.~'~~~W~.fftilttf~~~&tH~,. ~~~-R~jffittf~jffim5f~~~=R~ft.lz:~~om.~710. ~B. ~m~jffittf;fpXT·WilttfW~~• •~~.~~.aWilttf~WjJ~7~. 1J=J. '. ~~~.tEff*'BTJUIli1~-!f1Xjj,tfrIi~tzDr17 (~ffl~IE.1fill. ~M)o~~mMJ=J·Wilttf~~~.Ww*ga~*~$~tH.~., ¥~ti!~ (Ittk1:ifDZP~M ~~~!14~{9Ff. ) a Turner ~mWilttf~W~t±~"JlJWf\*~M. 0. tE~1i~{9~r:p. , Turner ~flfJT7~fl~t±:~~~ : m1t~~jffittfJ;) 9 J=J 16 B~ 1911 .:q::~tifJp'xJ}J1~~~~B ; WilttfgtifJm r~1fH~tEff*J ~~ • • ;llldjJl~illt. ,,, Ibid., p.94. ':::Jl!1i'~q:,ffJ5-1m m~&~~ffJWlr,,'. , ~$\.";l;,£ft!lffJ(Bj~III!11q:,t.&l5!li!ml±l* {t!lnt5ii!:6Eflili • ~IJ~~if 0. 0. :li!'l~76EWffJil!::j;tf.&nx.:lf'III!11Ffint*f:r. 0. Turner. Drama, Fields, and Metaphors. pp.98-126.. ,• .L:.JT )A'J:lt!!~dt:Jl§fH!f~~tf • ~if~llMi&*lil.illiJtq:"Cfil)ti.tfl~~ffJjliiiE. 0.

(15) ·~A •• -'~:.~ •••. •••. ~1. ;&w.~.rm • •~~~.J~• • •~ • • a.fi~~~~. ' IDlfl)3 Turner I¥JJt:flT-f:m 1[~~~~'I!l%! ' • r m.B;tg~ ~f~u I±!1T.N~~ , r T:i'tl!tLfUQ~~ftlJ ~*ill~-t't Turner ::frnJ. ' ftf!.lt!fJ.~T~~ftl*~!l'x?1l~T r ~~ , ~rga , :i'tl!~ , *±3t1t J w•• ~~,m• •VI¥JE~.~~§~.I¥J'OO.l±!tt.l¥J~ffiQ'X ft.11lU~f1IJ. 0. 0. ~~~~~ff~*n~1[I¥J~~$~~I¥J:i'tl!no~T~mM~~'~~~ ff~~~mrm • • VE~.J~,.m~T~~m*A-f:~m~I¥J~~. , tt.ftlm~mtu}1tl¥J~1~HFIEfH'dj~ , OO~lE~fj:f.~JjJ;J. ~*o 'Ci,..j"\... ~jfB EPt,ft~(~ ff~Ml$I¥J~EEtE\~. 0. ~*3t~frl¥Ji&m AJ~~¥~~ f&-rB~~:tI:tBfif~Jt:flT. , Turner ( J;J&ftf!.l¥Jflffi5i'3Abner Cohen) r ~15~ J ( recipe) I¥JfF~ , illmt~~:tB**1C1t §. I¥JJt:flT-f:m i§jfi~ 60 ~ 70 4f-tg-flL±~I¥J~.A~~~' Clifford Geertz ( ) ~~::f rnJ Turner f1:£lt!~~m~U~,1~ftJt:flTl¥J~~ , IDl:£lt!m~ , fifr~OJJ;J~ttJx~J;J~~~• • • ~±I¥Jj@Jf§D&rtJ ' 1Mil&¥~A ~¥~~-~tl.~~I¥J • • o~tl • • I¥J~*~M~OO~'Thrn~-~ 0. 0. ml±!r~~-mmJI¥J-f1~oo.~,~~a.w~.Jtm~~M~,m. .~~mffiTil&mA • • rrmW.*:£lt!~~.~TI¥J.~oM~'~~* ~M~.ff-il&~$#I¥JMl~.~'illm~T1[ffll¥Jm~~.oOJ@1¥J. , 5t!i~j@Jf¥Jt:flT~f-t1¥J Turner ' f6J*~.~IJ$f4I¥JMl~.~ , {jjf?fj~1[ -rIIDl~~f~1¥J r ~~'r1: J ( narrativity ) , OOjlHi~$t1:'I!lf1:tB~W~f4~ lIAI¥J~ffi'~!fJrnJ ' J,;.;fu1* 49~[l5fHl~~~-M~rnJ • •I¥JJt:flT ' • J!!1J[[jj5t!iftf!.I¥J:£lt!~f~~ !l'x±~~.I¥JJt:flTfffi 8 ' Turner 1¥J:£lt!~iVj{mi* § *~tlflJt:flT¥~ Freud I¥J r J (dreamwork) OO!l'Xftl*~tlflJt:flTgjfjWftf!.:9Xt@l¥JwgljjR~F8' , 1¥rr ~. 0. 0. 0. " ifa~ilfgjajJlllMiIf:l-lji;£8 '. Jll.A1asdair MacIntyre, After Vinue: A Study in Moral theory, 2"" ed. (Notre Dame,. Ill.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1984), pp.204-225 J[li,!Pau1 Ricoeur, "Life in Quest of Narrative," in David Wood, ed., On Paul Ricoeur: Narrative and Interpretation (London: Routledge, 1991), pp.20-33; Oneself as Another (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992), pp.115-151..

(16) mJJ (:fHI). tf~t1iZmJJ. (1W;fl) tfEnll1Jru.Jf* ' Turner Enx*~ftEm.fila. ~En~~~~ttRzOO'lliffft@M~tf~~~~En$#~~~~En~~ (~~lI1J)ru.J~o~E~,~*~tt~1W;$m~,~~~,. Thrn~m~~En.~~'X~~~?~~~mm~~ftmEn.tf'~~M. X:@A rX1t;g;f;t J ~~~~~tf. Enffl§~. , ffift[i~f±REn&ft~~ifi t:lMEn Turner 0. h~tf1l1Jffi~Enmm,~m~~o. (ethnography) , mt~ r ft~3;r:\ J ~ r J (polyphonic) En?t1'FJJ;r:\ , ep.fEAM.tff~mEn¥&~ , ~1>~1'FtfPJT § fbfJIffiIPJEn~~jffif l~JJ!tf:1?if~ 50Turner En~fjft:fJTft l&WT-?BlR:lr!f~;&. 0. 'ft.~~.En~.,ft~.~lPJm~En.~'. , i)Mft~*~t:lEnfiiUI , f\G1r~~~~~WT!fJ.?JKft Gluckman ~ Turner Z9f. ' It; , Abner Cohen Eni&m~fi!l~ f\G~~lJrnjEjJB~rJ Cohen r 0. 0. ftmJEn~$,m8f\G~~~~~~M~~ftmRtl.~,ftmi&m~. ~fjEn3!:~. ''l. , m[I]-*~;EJ! 5] 0. James Clifford, The Predicament of Culrure: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art (Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard Univeristy Press,1988), pp.43-51. 1ji;A.AJlW¥1lfliflJtt:pUl¥J*~a9!l1~t5:A:~ ~~t. . JjlJ!!i'fM~ • f*aBSl~. : -itlmittiBSlt:flf!lIl!U!tI!1fi ( irjt : '*~tlilil±l)\'H± . ER:!I!liI83:if:.). 0. Abner Cohen. Two-Dimensional Man: An Essay on the Anthropology of Power and Symbolism in Complex. Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974); "Political Symbolism," Annual Review of Anthropology (US). No.8 (1979). pp.103-108..

(17) .~A •• -'~:.~ •••. ~3. . - Abner Cohen IJH\;U.t:piBU~jll!~~9SJ;}'"~~ ~.fljrl&. ~l5tft ~ffifefM. EJflG. LE~ft. f~e. :fq3Mft. ii~fljrJ&. t±l1t~fM. (>cft~rm~. ). *~~fljrJ&. fIJJ~f*. f&mflj rl&. [lIe. i1(Jfl. mJiX. r mi3'll~ffi~*LJi!~~W1l¥J (bivocal) , JEt)j~ JEt¥tEl¥JWf&ml¥Jm* § l¥J J 52t)j~ii]~6ftft~lI- , flG1F~7M Cohen m , :ll!-f~t±~l¥J±~~ffi~~~l5tft ' LE&'ft ' tff!fi)ftl¥J~fj , 7'Cpxf~ EJflG ' f*M~e~{6Jt¥tEl¥Jm* ; tQlI5J~7'Cpxme~oll-m~l¥Jt\ Cohen w*~IDt~:. 0. *):JJfj~. 0. ~1t~WmJJ~{*~~m~j~l¥J~ffii&Jf~ (CohenJZJ~Z~~~. JtfM!i:Xtij/j) , OJ tJII5J~~JE1ieWmel¥J~[EJ~~ ? tJ~l5tft*IDt '. ~D. ~m'~~l¥J~~ii~,re1ietEme~m*l¥J~~.B~~~m~mo~ 'ili-~~~fjtQ~Tm~~m*,~~x.l¥J~~~~ZOO-~ l¥J~fiHl. 0. fE}tJLE&'ft*IDt '. fljlm~J:.~II5JM~l¥JfFj~!i:Xllt]:~. , -tfOO{~~. 71ierr.~mM*OOffl¥Jpx~,~-tfOOtQ.M7ft~ftT.l¥JmJiX~. 1* fiti ' jJi~tff!fi}1trffi § , f~~ITtff!~~6 ' &~~e~~ , *~m~ftMf~A ZFa9 ' tmF~ZFa9{,\*Sl¥J1'F,E§ ; ~~~e r J l¥JIllP~ , 0. ~~mM,t±m~~m~~'mel¥J~~tQ~~~~o Ibid., "Political Symbolism," p.102..

(18) ~7 J;J - *~rH&Jf~tfOOaWtWal¥J~*~:r:JJ§bttffz5Jf.. J;JJ.lljl¥J I ~f~J. m~~ftJ1ftEHit~m~}ll¥Jtffi5LT. ~J::UfltfJtHJf**f~tt. 1a g). I¥J f]. ~. (flexibility). a. '. '. Cohen. 3m. s3~r00f~I¥J~}I. '. t!1~£i!m~Hit~)(.m~ 1)(1~j17' J (cultural. f-f 5Jit ~ ti& IN ~ ~ fl f1e OJ ffiJ * I¥J tl iliOO~tl£itf]'fr : *fTl¥JflJJtHJ1*m~)ipx:I¥J:r:JJ§~fflli~ti&1fyt 54l§ $t;. 0. OJ~~@'IN~Ii~ti&I¥J~~~*~~£i!. ~tf~~lil¥JflJJtHJ1*°. ~'OOa~.fiI¥JHit~~,~~~¥m~~~Mm~.I¥J-Wf-f.~ ti&;~m£i!~I¥JT-~'OOtfR~~R~*I¥J.m,~it*~~fil¥J~ ti&°m-,tWa$~~I¥Jf-f.~ti&~.~px:-m.~*~I¥J.~'ffiJ~PX: ~Hitl¥Jliliff.J~OO~*~mpx:*~l¥Jm~o~~,w~¥@mpx:1¥J. ~ti&it::t~R. '. .fljlMfjUIt1~1¥J*~3m£i!~itm~~~. 0. ~f~. , Hit±¥~. ti&1¥J::t$~M*~~~Hit~}lzOOI¥J.~M,m~it.~~.}I~I¥JH it~Hffi5L $. 0. ~~nm~I)(~j1~Jm~I¥J~~~~'OJ~~~~OJ.·~mE. *1¥Jf:Tg~. J $ , m~~ti&a*ffHMtJ3.px:*~I¥J.}I , x.. ~f~al¥J~. I. *~~ffl~~ti&*~@;~m~~I¥J~.~£i!ffl~~~~~offiJMmml¥J. ~ti&m~~~I¥J*w'x..~~~I¥J::t$~M;~~M~~m~m~~ti&ili @~lflil¥J~~. al¥J~*i~@. J!iJ.l1J -.*~ti&~~J;Jm~f~aRtW , B~fJJ~~JM~m:r:JJ§~I¥J~. ' - *~f#rlI¥JI3JlBffi~ItBP@. 0. ,. Cohen. ~.rr~~I¥J~*~~'~~*.~I¥J.~offiJH~~ffi~I¥J~~~~m ~'r~a-~.Wffa-~E• .t]'~I¥Jii:':1i!. '. tf~*1m§!ifN~~.7~I¥JA*~. ~fj)£i!fif~tl~~1¥J. 0. , ~mf4~~If'FfL:)f~U~~if;i :. flrJ£i!~Dfr:1J&iil Turner Fm~~~Hitflfil¥J=f~~tit~f#U (i,lrB '. ,. m. 1'nj1~ 1~. ) , Cohen mID!1~ti&~~7~@f~ltI::t~W.ltIiE.&ml¥J=~f#rl (~W , iE&'1t ' fL11f1)1~) ; M~IJ£i!lfrnj!UaI{WWiEW*tffl¥J I ~~'Pj:fJ!X. ~nmmJ.~'R~ti&~~~~~@OOltlWffltl~*I¥J$.ZOOI¥J~. f*. 0. Turner. W Cohen. ~~*tffiE.&m)(1tl¥J~~. , 1'nj;:!t~~I¥J.~~. Ibid., Two-Dimensional Man. pp. 36-39.. ;, William F. Ogburn, "The Hypothesis of Cultural Lag," in Talcott Parsons, et. aI., eds., Theories of Society (New York: Free Press,1965), p.l271..

(19) Jfk %; AJ.Ii '" - ,. -f : :If{ ri;J ffi!~;i! 255 '~~~fimillm~~~A@§'~~~~~~~~O. :m 1f~ ~lji ft ~ - fI jit~ fftUtFr *l ¥ Wi ~ ~ III ~ ~ i&J f1i[ fJt! llifB - Fredrik Barth m~ r3Z~llifB J ~i&J~7HJT ~~llifB~Jl~ , :fHM B. E. Ward ~flg;Xt1M'" ' ~j]if:~ : B:m~f±1lr A~*.:E~BWm~$Uil1ri~~IfF ' ~ 7 Mf±1lr]f;;r:t (social ~ 1~'. 0. forms) fUA1f~~rrjf;$ra'#iUr~FU~~tzg~lH1*. 0. Barth ~~J~x:j]iJJIIfFffl~. R~ft~I~~~3Z~llifB--m.~~~~~IH1*~~~$fflmm~~ ~P] , iBmfr5tIJ1Jl*t~m. : 1-Tjf;~zrs'tEfpJ;f~1[. (reciprocal) ~1H1*. ' j]ifl. 1H1*~tt.~~~~fr1[jf;Z.,~m~~.fiAfiA~.4.*~~I ~.~~.~~~DfflU~~~~~M.~~~m~.~ •• 'ili~~~. f±1lrr.~Jffl~~~*l~.M$'-.$~~mD@• •~ffl~W.~ ),~~m~ • • ~~~M.~~.*~. ~rr~m~tt(~f±1lr]f;. (frequencies) , ijJ\I!P1-Tjf;~frfi~fiJT~f±1lr:l:!i!{lL~#itl~W~tzgzT. '. ~1-T. ti~~~~~M .......55. , Barth -nOO~#~~R*~~ , Evans-Pritchard M"'~;F~~~f±1lr~*~WM15-rnUlU ; ~-nOOili~IliI~:rrfiJ1fj{~fi1!~PfpJ %p.x~RX1t~~15-fJt!llifB-ili~~ Barth ~~W~1I?!jAi!mtct~PW.*a P.XJEU j.;J3Z~llifB~ft;fJTI~. ~X1tR*~JE.M. 0. Barth ~~ , Evans-Pritchard :frJ}:~tit*tW~*5Z~5tIJ. '. B~OJj.;JM. , BP/F@U*;fJTE3~wr~B~jt~f7.H~iiJ ~ff ~~ (Pathans) ~'rvf]f; 56\fnJ~ff A~i&mR*~ Evans-Pritchard fiJT m~ , .mX*.oollJzrs'~Jt5ZlHf* ' m~fii!1r~Bn~:frjmj]iMft5Z1111** mJjU±:l:!i!:fIji;ff~~~:m~:rr ' *,a.~~lfn~lli:~*~&:@*JiI~~IIR ' "',:J~rfH];fLft$~mrAg~m~*15-fJl~ 0. @/F~~P Evans- Pritchard fiJT:mffiUrtJlli:~M~:#IPJRj.;J~m~~~fJl~. Barth t~m -f,*mWJj.;JmSJJpiiJ~ff A~]fjf; r~JnJ ~~PfilJ~1-T~. 0. 0. 57~-. Robert Paine, "Second Thoughts about Barth's Models," Royal Anthropological Institute Occasional Paper (London), No.32 (1974), p.5. " Fredrik Barth, "Segmentary Opposition and the Theory of Games: A Study of Patnan Organization," Journal ofthe Royal Anthropological Institute (London), No.89 (1959), pp.5-6. i- Ibid., pp.15-19..

(20) f~. r. J ,. ~1~tfj:£J!Tfrli;iLtl¥JfiJdt:t.lz:. 0. t!P1:EEt;~tQ wesh. ±itB*JHI. .-~~I¥J~~~ttm.a~~±~mm+~,. , )(~~I¥J1iflj*1B~~1B1~:kI¥J)JjU{ljgt ImMlf'Fffl ; illf~jYH!Iji*JET r -mpfT~t!P~~--m:Wl~J ( ) r~~J I¥J;$:'.! ~=f~;ijlJW~~ r m J ~ r m J fB~*/l\i¥:::f~I¥J~f!M~t:t[l]a tJIlf!M r J *~ r. J. QJ5t~rjjj~-/l\~~ff,f. ,. 0. c. t:tM~@-ml¥J:£J!~'~~1:Effi~-ml¥J[I]a~,. ; 5aill~fB~~f!M~!1[1]al¥J r ~~ J ( majority) r J ;ijlJW ' ttll?t~~ wesh ~~;ijlJET.-~~.+~I¥J±~$,~rm ' f§~t:tI¥J/l\[I]a::ffW"tWtffijMIm,*.I¥J~Ji@ , ~~-MOOr-M+~I¥J±~ 0. .rmtifW".~,ffij~I¥J~~~~~.R~ttl~~~3tfj~[I]al¥J~ IYI'/'l"'''"". '. o~. ~ilJMff AzFa'ti~~:x7fdLI~tJ~f[li]. o. tJ.5C~~!&{~ Evans-Pritchard 1¥J5t~~~15-'*ftIJZT~. f§. , Barth. I¥JJ~~WJ~EE!B:1tfT1¥J ~ A~l¥Jf~J.}lJflfmr. ~fLAl¥JiifMlf. ' tzl]filJ~15-~;tftl¥J~~ c pfT r :£J!~Z Fa'~lJ!1l!!l JE -J&I¥J rim f* mHM,~ -f!M7fd'm: J ' 59f1fmrftlJ tzo ffrJpfT;:] [ , )(~~1-riIJtf1LltJ:z.~ , ~~3Ifrj (. 0. 1i~W*1B~~~~1B1LilJl¥Jm~)I¥J~~o~.~~.5C~fI~::f~I¥JM. , ~ft.fW"tfjJJ!~~I¥J;tft ? ~~~~::fltfTllHII¥J.5C~ff~ , ft Ei. ~~~T~l¥JfL*flfmr*~ft~ 1M Itft T c Et; Afr~ 00 1m &\~J!::f1tfT 1:E::f [PJ I¥JM ~ Ei.~~~ Fa'f~~mff,f , ftf!fr~fEH§ &\ ;~~ ~tfjl:tf,(!fo/J*4I¥Jt~* ' tJffWJ~ml¥J~1J ; flfmrfW"fflUItft ' A# ~1:E wiJG.Itf,( t~ *ff,f , 1i1r~ $mff WJ J.}ij AI¥J*3!!iji ffij::f IHI M ~~1f a,b,c,d,e liflij , lffi~f:ll5±J.tI!1Iafrni~ +1 ' J.lI3~f:ta!¥JIllIII*:WB3&;!'tftl!.g.flij*Eillll.ttJ'mmtzoT : a ::f3& b,c,d,e *Eillll. ' ftrJ a mflJ -1 !¥J±J.tI!1J(frni a *Eillll. b IMtJt c,d,e • fllj a f~flJ -1 !¥J±J.tI!1J(frni a *Eillll. b,c IMtJt d.e 'fllJ a mflJ +1/3 !¥J±J.tI!1J(frni a *Ei1Rl bc,d IMtJt e • ftlJ a mflJ + 1/4 !¥J±ttllMfrni a 3& b,c,d.e *EiM • ftlJ a mf~ 0 !¥J±J.tI!1Iafrni 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. Fredrik Barth, Models of Social Organization (London: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain. and Ireland, 1966), p.l2. ., Ibid., p.14..

(21) -... *~A.*-'~:.~. rlli[it~~J B91~1J1. •••. ~7. FJTtJ1R~mmB9#1~[5l.t1JDLfl~Hfl. rfrJfiit@*{1::: 'tffit9;: @/J\{!:::J B9IL':@ , fflt~px*ff~5tt±tt$~lt±WB9iffiiff ' j!~~~B9.tt~ mUtIJfffi~#r px1C~ fffi lltIlt5t9*(9)[{!::: ~1r~0J ,~J)[{1:::~#rB9m~ , 5tiffT L~~PJMffRtmfrm~f~~B9Ii.Z , 1:£1C~B9Mm)[{!:::~ill~UfJH~)[{!:::B9lMf~ frMm)[{!::: '~PJi;ffB9 tmffi:tJ5e I{ B9*i& li=~tm AtJ1!kI& 1m1r~ B9~iL~, ' fffi 1m1r~B9,~ IL<sz.px~ilHi tmffi:~53rJ tm~JHt!!B9jf;* ' ~ ~~rJ B"J:f:tfH,!1J OJ ,~J~~J! ~ B9*tJffi 3f(f1! ~ B9Ii 1:£ FJTtJ ' ~ Barth B9EffJE ' fri~Hi)[{!:::$*m{!:::fffi~A~~B91J1ffEI ' fflt r E! ' !l:t~ , Mi; , fDff~ J 61~rT 1920 £f.1~ , I1t:f:t!H±W~±~Wj* 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ft~~*m'~~tmffi:B9*0J~.~*m~.orn~{l:::ffltm*7Mm1J1M Zra'B9~. m: 1'JB9tmffi:fWdjMi;B911f@fffi::f{ijli=~ , ff~B911f@fflt?1R{1:::. 7 ; E! :±B91J1f@tQtt?1R{!::: ( - £itmffi:5!~tJWj*B9!f:t1J*f*~1mB983 ) ;~~~*tQttffi.~mtmffi:.fffift.m'1:£fffi~tmffi:~f*1'J!l:t 1J ' tQIUI&t~!f:t~B911f@ frfJH~{!:::B9m~t~~$ , Mm1l{@1B~m 0. m'fffi~~~~~.~B9~.~~!l:t~WMM~flffi~B911Moa~~@. , fffiffJpxa;l:t!!B9fJH~)[{!::: Barth m~~~~B9:@tt1R~:@ilIffi ' OJffl~B9ffi*tm*~::g , :93-1lL~~ilIffi::g Turner B91.tt1¥P Turner l1Jg~ft Barth m~~Mff A5t stM MB9 r ~IfXJ ' ~{1:::7fr r tt!!1:f'~mJ $Fffgg~~IJB9ftmfJUl ' l!J~~ ft~B9md~§g1Jzjf. , tt!!1JftmtQ~-a-7:@~ , fIJ1m ' ~~IL\ '.!f1~~ ~~l!J* I1tjf. , iJ[ ji r ~lti: J m.WJJ.-)JJli3fi~1T~ , Turner l1Jg~~1'J~ WB9$~~~B9~ffo.MfrW.M• • $FJT~~B9,fflt~~::f~$~~ ~ftffB9~±ru!ID!~ ft!!IDt·: r ~lti:[W}a]]:@ilIffi~~m*@*$±ru!ID!~B9 ~{.tI~ , iB1'JB9t±tt.il1J§g!l~mMt±ttf;iJEB9WH;&!~¥1lfi! ' I1tfR¥~ 1J1f@x.ttftJt1m*JT1J1{@~~. 0. 0. 0. 0. gI. ~ ~'n E3 .z:...~:HH: R=l frI:1 1]:1! _~BIJAE±'~"J\\ . . m J]':J. 0. J. 62. flt:fl:)[{l:::tm*~B9Am~::g John Comaroff ,& Simon Roberts tQ~ZPji. Barthl1Jg~1If@~#rpxB9. r)[{1::: J '. ,. ~~tj*{I:::!fo/J:rftt±ttfrJiiitfffillHr~~. Ibid., p.16.. Turner, Drama, Fields, and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society, p.141..

(22) aq i*ti*J' ~~1l!J*~lNaqmt! flfi1:Epq , &\~JHt~WE1:E)[1tZ$ ,. ~f£filJ11lfIfiFf§U' E13fi*1taqf~. 0. ~fix~~~:;t'11mfEtt~~~1"ft±lt!l. ~-ffi1~7fi*1t~JJHIiH±ltfU~aqlfJ~" {tB1r,~LIt~~,. i1:Ef£filJ.a;~. , J!!Btj~ajjfMf&-·f~)[1tHlte*aqwJ{IJ[~Ff§U]~{t If: ' Mmajj~f~e*J;)1tlf:~aqJf~ffi,;r;\jg~rrlli~w~1j , ~1iMmajj~~ WJ{IJ1Jftlf:~aq3Z:~~Wf&~OJtm J , tlP1Jl!~1}*"1}m~N~ Barth aq7tffT mf-§.aqtJD**¥~ , Robert Paine t±l§ig~ Barth fttom7~~~W$mjJ 64ft!!iJ[mWmHZ~aq¥~ A. P. CohenW~aq*ti*~~ , mjJzJ5JTJ;)!t~, ~tJUf:ltt!1lL~Mz , rmlli1~~MfJl!3Z:~tig~liJ~1: ; t±llN~t?JcfE7 J5JT3Z:WJJtHiaq11lflfi " 1m , mjJjfflJ~N73Z:~aqiH~ , rm1"fmjJ~§g~liJ1t3Z:~~El caq}i~" 1i~~aq1Jt~~~aq5z1tl-Zti' ;!tJf~iWil& Turner J;) i~j~-fr;jmJ (~C~oo~a.-~W)aq.~'~~ • •Wm.7t;fJT~M~aq~., Turner El ct±lf~I±!~~lPmiaq7tffT&\~J-1~MkMifMB{Jff1:E~iW1~ " rm::f rg~~*&*tiifM " )[1t:Hlte* " ~~~jtB1lL~M ' - fm~~~[PJ!ljj$m elPmi (methodological holism) 1~Bt1t Barth 5~~aqjj$f~e~ ; l!P*fmM5 fMmeaqfffEfJl!f~f~eaq1LItr~~jOJfEt~m fE Barth :fE~t1:1*~~WfA i&mA~¥z f~ , A~¥~aqpq1:E~~-~rj~~QJ 7 7t;ffTf~eM;X1LItr~W ; is [PJ1f,f~i*1aqt±l5~1t 7 J;) r:aq'W$ : ~~j7t;ffT~1"fJf~ , &\~J{ jj~)[{t:~Hltaq*tiifMmeaqfffE rmfi-'W$1:E Wallerstein t!tWe*~ ~/.lI.if*frFaq7t;fJT. 0. 0. 0. 0. ~aq&~Zr:,~.~~i.~~.Jaq~~~~,m~~.i&mA~¥. aq~~*~~~tKt~~ ?. =+lli~$Maqi&mA~¥'~. aq tel . 0. filifr~1:EM5fM:CJJtigaq~lPmiiH;r;\~.r:. ~1±!~aqA~¥~ffl~~I±!*. · 1fitlf~.a;~i&m)[1t:aq~H.W.. John L. Comaroff and Simon Roberts, Rules and Processes: The Cultural Logic of Dispute in an African. Context (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1981), p.32. Paine,op. cit., p.?; Vincent, op. cit., p.360..

(23) iik mJdJUt -. 1jLf :. lfX.ioJ ~ flU!. 259. ~m~,~~~e~*~"~OOm§~~~$#~~M"~~~~'~~ ~~ili~m~Wm~~e*0~~~,&~m~Wm~~~~~~~~o. , ~fF~~¥ti~[JMiI*5~W~~~SZJiL&rtr)( {~ *~'E~.~m~~*~.~SZJ~~~.offi-$~~~~~~~ • • ~!t3:§:-~.til~fm~~@Jff! ' JJ~Jl;t~ rmilJ (articulation) ~~~ : ~ f§~m{--\::jf*~. ' 1ff:+:I\t!t*CJ;J*~~~t1fJ5iSZJ~f~.p , !trzm.m -tttw r~*J *±SZJiL&m "*~i11 " :)({~J:SZJ1IJ.£I~ .m*,*±:r±1N SZJmil,3:§:-~~~~A.~,*m.r*5m~~~~.J~A• • ~' {6j~,~~,1!\~f'F.pfJ.i!¥rJtiPii~~f!I!~ r l:.grH~A J (mode of production) ~.om~• • ~.~~n,~3:§:-~~*m~r~~J:~e~~~.1:. Eff~AJ ~~. ' :f:lGfF~}f~H~~~~.~ Eric Wolf & William Roseberry SZJflN *~fmm~=-¥~ZP3llb Wolf ~T~f't1ueffi1:.Ef:tlA~m~Pi- ' flli~~til El 1950 iFf--\:: Julian Steward mf~fjf~tH±1N~'J\. (peasantry) Wf~J;J * ' ~~A• •WWf~:itt£!I!.{~Jj\.iL&mfJ.SZJ~4 ' mtMilJ5JT&til~.¥rj {fl~1:EJ:lfrj~f~~~~~ZPfr.p. 0. 0. iL&m.~1:E~~M~~~m~Jj~~rmm~i11J~riL&m~i11JWf~o 6S~-W~~~ZPfr. '. ~fF~~~*ffpSZJ1i*3ifJ. 0. , ,~~,~,~.1Ifi~~:r±1N.~ Wallerstein' Jl:1J'Migm mRjf*~.SZJfJfi'~~'Mi~~ • • ~~~.2~(~~~.~I • • db2~fg.~iI.Ef&b ), r miS J (integrate) @@.ffi~z.~jf*t!twe ;f§~~fMiI~~~. *~ r~!)jJ ~ttHli:. 0. Wallerstein ~ili2~~miS~~~. , 3:§:~~*5fM,~~. ~~• •~~m~1:.~Wmil'fi~~~~~~oJ5JT~,*ffp~~fr~~. tttWfil* " l:.~flA " &+ilWf~~;:~rf3ifJ §)t , ~ZPfr Wallerstein ~ ~.~ & iJ r~~1lt~zP~[J"F : Wallerstein 1:£:r±Wrfil*~~~ ~'1EtttW~~~~~*~ - *~ ~: §)t~ r ~ff]\e* J ~~ , rz1§1~it " if~ " ~fm!J~iI.t±1N.p~ 0. Elg~~I*~~&!J-:)({~~fM~. r ;f§lH~~ J (reciprocal economy). 0. 66flli)tJ;J~i11~* Karl Polanyi ~~~. ~~f§m~ff]\e*~*~~t~l#li. '. 1~*WJ. Eric R. Wolf, Europe and the People without History (Bericeley, CA: University of California Press, 1982) Immanuel Wallerstein, The Capitalist World-Economy: Essays by Immanuel Wallerstein (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1979), p.5..

(24) 260 :i(A-it. E&fiij~18"<R:Wd~. M~'~~. r~0. *~lJ11f J ( subsistence economy). 0. 67;t:t;J;:M rtit w'i11~ J. ·~&·.~,e.~.-*I~lJ11f&.m~1t*M'OOW. m-M~~rtitW~lJ11fJ~*~~~'H~titWm~~.~.-~~m. (~~Mrm~J)R*°titW'i11~&titW~lJ11f~fiij~rtitWR*J'OO~ 1~M~~JJt1~titW*~lJ11f~fiij~. r jVfs:±:~titWR* J -~1l1!l~iJJjt~+7\tit. *CJ;)JiXHtl~~JL\~*~lJ11fRn Wallerstein. 0. 68. ,.*±:~titWR*~~.*• •~~~.~~'H~OO L~lTltlliWfj!~ff<JL\' *j§~. Wj§~~*~*IM*f1J ~r~~Jwr. ~~~ff£f1J~. 0. ; x.~~H**. J~~m~~,ft~OOL~~~lJ11f~~*¥~~M*~. ~m!~ooL. ; ¥)-1J[[j , ~~5$~~~PxJJ~titWH*m~~;F;:j(±j£~Pfi1l1!lJJj{~IJMifH*jf~~ titW H*W~~~fflJ~~~ , iEM Wallerstein **JT~~tlN!t!ti ' OOtE~fm*j§~ ~*~;t:tm~tt-i&mL{i&ff<JL\Wj§~~*~ , i%X0;fJiiL\~3Mj§ [5j~~~1J~§ftU'FlU ' tleJl~~~3&tffJEe r ~~ J ; , *iI[5j~*W ¥)Pfi.~*.~ • • 'OO.~~~~1Jm~I.~~~;ffiU*iI[5j~~ W*~~L;fJiJL\. • *j§~ ,. ' § +7\tit*cJ;)'*~i1'H5$~W~~~i~1t ' mt. Wj§[5j~*IJ0~lHB:ljiJ$~M*~. 0. m*~lJ11f{'P~ ,.*±:~titWR*. *& .. . {I~ "' M. , TII$IJ~lli Wallerstein ;t·.~ti\i'X~~~J;),titWH*~. rtt!:HlIil¥J7t1~ffij~. ~~{!]\H*fr7t • ftIlm1£fflfr~. :;f~Wallerstein. 69~1~H~1UVi[[j. ~*Bll~~~~1tt±tff-, *~. L '. h. 0. rl'EmJ. l¥Jlm~. 0. {J:lil,t.E!ll~l¥J1i:!lf1.ffij~ • "lii3'ml~~{iJ\H*. m~+:g!lD{"l • Jltliliffirr*Bl¥J~±ffH*=~!ll!:' ~Polanyiffi~'. 0. *!jlfflfl'l~l¥J=f!f!m~}jKl'!iJ ; ff.Jlif1. (reciprocity • !lDm~pg2±~l¥J. r /IIHlLJ. ~£:x:~) , ¥})1"!'ictt. (redistribution' !lD¥fH!ijrofil1al¥J;:P~m.~¥}fE~~m$mll!la(Jll1J)' &:x:W!tt (exchange' !lDJJH-I:A1± r/J~~~;:Pf¥J:x:~ ) iW:WWanerstein~tf:lm~l)li;!:x:~l¥Jlm~ • M?::\m~Polanyifrl.E!ll~ilU IIl'HW\1fitrJ 0 ~Karl Polanyi, "The Economy as Instituted Process, II in Karl Polanyi, et. aI., eds. Trade and 0. Market in the Early Empires (Chicago: Henry Regnery,1957), pp.149-155; Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Centur(New York: Academic Press, 1976), p.230. rnl Terence K. Hopkins and Immanuel Wallerstein, "Patterns of Development of the Modern World System,"in Terence K. Hopkins, et. al., eds., World-Systems Analysis: Theory and Methodology (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1982). pp.42-43 . ." Ankie Hoogvelt. Globalization and the Postcolonial World: The New Political Economy of Development (Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1997), p.60..

(25) a~A • • -'*:.~. • 51 fIT ~ ® t±fFL rs' EfJ mfiH*. fi~. ~~EfJm~~. 0. •••. 70~j;J.J: 1:]iWJ EfJtit-nM'E* 51 fIT 1& rQ] ,. MI. YN. '~fr~fiEfJ~~51~J:m~7~EfJm~m~-rtit-ne. , *~I5j~~ , ffflfr)[{t51~J:WHH~1m5.$ ~ Wallerstein i~t'et!tJ1!e~5f;~tfI5teJt&L1f • fiE.J.li;tiJl*~ItEfJm~ ,. ;%J'. /F~fif5Z~. 0. m~~~m~tit-ne*~~~~~~Tm~tit-ne*EfJr*~I*Jo~ ~~T~.. t±.~~ffiAg~~EfJm~J:o~51~t± • • $~~EfJ. • fJ:t~ZFtit-ne*~~. Theda Skocpol. r§7ttiHf~ft±.~-!~~f~{t. ~~~~tit-nm~EfJ• •RMN~.EfJmnttm~~,5f;~~~~*~. ~i&J-fHt*~~~$1J ~ J • ~f~. rmm~~.]. Wallerstein Jj~{,'. ,. EfJfJj.iiiHiJT~~. J 7lSkocpoll¥J5f;-f~ r {t *jll5j , RjlI5jEfJIU51 ' JtJl~~,f1HJf~ 0. ~m~~¥~~.~~M~.EfJ~~'&fffl/F.m~~~51~~.g~~ ~ij~~f[(!EfJW~ii. Robert Brenner iQmf[lj1{f~1J:t~ , ffflffJf Wallerstein -·mB1tc~¥~~ r Jnt~{tl¥J[§'I']31:.WWff§tt J 72Skocpol EfJ m=f~ r {t*~ J ~~EfJ~~{'Ff'f!Hl · k§~tE~.f:tJXi*@lf , f~~ , ~*~t± • •$EfJMk§.**·~.m@lf*.MEfJ~~~f'f~~.MEfJ.~~~· fffl~'I'~1~~EfJ±~~*& (ruling classes) B1fU~.\tt/F~3& MtEWallersteinEfJrz.t~ , Christopher Chase-Dunn ~1Il7If~tit-ne*~ ~.\tt?~f'ffIJ1?d~f~ r {t*~ J 74~~D~fr~J:mH~~m;F , llif~~£;j(t1:t±.e *"@,*~~~ , i&{ir ' ::t{t - f~.:r*~m Wallerstein Jl-~5m~~~~ , i&m.:r *mEfJ• • L~~rli.~.ftEfJJ·~&f'f~~ret±.~~~.(m* m) {tr:J~ -1¥J*~~i&Jfj Chase-Dunn m~ IXtffl 31:.* • Skocpol EfJ5f;-f~{t*~1~~ fiE.1~telXifH r ~* J 7tttjf*±~fffj.~ , 0. tcW11flt~¥~. 0. 0. 73. 0. 0. 0. 0. ·0 . Etienne Balibar and Immanuel Wallerstein, Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities (London: Verso, 1991).. Theda Skocpol. ~Wallerstein B':JJ!f;t:::tRtltWffI* : flf!~!1J;!,I~It3!:B':Jtl:ttr!(Wallerstein' s World Capitalist System: A Theoretical Critique) r&MIiWT:tj!~ , filJUtlM~ftlM : ftlMtt.~lIUI (ti' jt : §mt ' B;1!rIl74 if:), ~ 408 ' ;; Robert Brenner, "The Social Basis of Economic Development," in John Roemer ed. Analytical Marxism 0. (London: Cambridge University Press, 1986), pp.36-40. Theda Skocpol, State and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979). " Christopher Chase-Dunn. .t\ij , Ilu~~. ~ 379·390 c. r I!rIl~H*!1J;!jf*::tRtltW*~/t!i--MjiU1U!tl1l'i!jjpjl1U1!ft ? J r&MIiWT:l!l'!.

(26) :il:tz/f~aA r~~G*Wt[!iX~fM]J §±~titffa*z9t. Skocpoll¥J~*§±. 0. ~~~~~~*~±l¥JrR~~*J~m~~~r~**WtJI¥J~~offi. r ~*fUfiit/f&:\~~~WtmI3~U&ffJfiit J I¥JElIH:i3 tzD*m~1!f*~Chase-Dunnl¥Jm~ff-JEl¥JmI.l ' {t!!frl~~OJtJ :iEW:1~ r JJ~*JlI5jI¥J:fJ!t~~Ft ? tzD{ilJJE~ ? J 75~p1R!~m~ Wallerstein I¥JI.I~ :il:tz*~*Jll5jti.~a*~m • • I¥JA'~.~~*JlI5jI¥JJE~:il:tz/fm ~ Peter Evans:il:tzll iJ[ ffl5t~ Wallerstein r titffa*l¥J{lril?RJE-~~~J 1ftfB1IT1¥J1iff:JE ' ti~~JJE~fl1iff:JE3lHF1t Wallerstein iTJM~*jfl5jl¥J=+iL{I ~* ' tiP.m~;¥tr:pJ\~i~~~)L\ , 33iL~~M3I15j .)lffltitffa*1¥J I.I1ftfB ' {~Jf®.~11J11t*I¥J~{jl.1J § )J~~~1!fI¥J§:g: , :ft{f"§*?1J~'j?U{t!!{f'~ti Wallerstein ~llIl¥Jtitff Chase-Dunn ~~~OO @J~ Skocpol 0. 0. 0. *. 0. a*I.I~~~~m~o®frl±.l¥Jm~'~/f~~r:pITti*jfl5j:fJ!t~I¥J/f. ii '. fffi~/fii~ Wallerstein ti3l15ji¥JJm*i~rw. ~LErm)L\I¥J~~iL\~tzD{ilJ~ffi)ll5j~mt~. ARI¥J&:l!!rp~m~yt/f~JJ. 0. 0. Wolf. ' Wallerstein. , ti~A~~1!flli~~mB!tl¥Jill5j. 76FilJflI¥J ' Roseberry ~A~~1!ftititffa*. 1¥J±.m~Z-,~r±~~~JI¥J~~lli~fffi:fJ!t~~r*±~~Wtitff. J 77~t]~3~ , ~1lr~1!ft!)/f&:timiE;E;j(~-jf*±~ titffa*I¥J:fJ!t~1t ' is ~tzD{ilJ~ill--*~~~AA~~1!fl¥Jjfl5j , !iX~* ±Elf:JE~1Il ' tiP~{t!!{f'~~~ Wallerstein /f@I¥J:ttl!1J ff~l¥J~ , Wolf fa Roseberry t!)~~T·J:tlc&.BU1~1¥J r ±~fl~ J :fJ!t~IT.J.!.~I[i\lIlm?Rillfi ~~fM~l¥Jr~m. 0. 0. .~I¥J~mo~~IT~~®frl~fflW~.~~~±~I¥JI.I~m~zM,:ft frl*~~:.tt®JL\[Q] Wallerstein 1¥J~1!f. ?Rf§ FilJI¥J~~m. '. tzOfflIT,6ff~. ,. !iXEBJfgmJ!tI~tlllm. 0. A~~1!f George Marcus &:~ITJJH\:;titffa* Ttzo1ilJj1frrR~~tl¥J~ R~'.~Jr~~m.~~@Jm~• •m~w~~JI¥J-g1J~o. ~*~i11f~1!fllimffltiP~A~~1!f~/fii~l¥JtJn*J~tlt. : ~4i-fl • •'~rn~. " Wolf, op. cit., p. 23. " William Roseberry, Anthropologies and Histories: Essays in Culture. History, and Political Economy (New Brunswick, NJ; Rutgers University Press, 1989), p.l52.. t.

(27) .~AM.-'~:.~. ~JtB"l*,~:15iEe*. Anderson. §~~:tJtX1~'¥iJiEmlB"lllf~. '. 0. •••. 2~. :1t~~}J!~i!J:fftzD Benedict. 1Jeffl B"l:tJit : 1E~EmlflV*f;~ pxi£!J:ffff*'!lHiffJEi&JB"l~mlf~3t. r:p , 1TJW:ffi£j::.$i&Jf~~JJjrY2.1~~ili*:SX~~T*B"lilllYJ' ~i~~ Marcus xM B"lIJit : 1EiEmlR* f;~ px~fI~ml'FFll5LWz3!& ili *~ !l7l-*a~ B"lmR 0. ( the totality of unintended consequences) B"l~§t .L. 0. ft!!mz.1E1mB"l:tJit~'I.''¥rJB3!fH;1t. : !J:ff1Cf:ftf:IJ'R*B"lJE~ , Wj;).~~. (narrative) ~~)H1.H~R. *~W~mi£*±RW~.:SX~~.B"l~$.Jtr:p,mz.~mR~mr:p.ili. ~R*fiB"l~.o~®fi-RB"l@WR**:ff • • ~i£ft!!M±M~B"l~JE ~~§t.L. '. ~fJ;:~1E Marcus. r1BJt1tJ. 0. 79i£~~Jl@WR*B"lJWJJ~*. r;ll*'a J (linkages) , .~~JJ!1J§~*± r r}$U&*lMB"lt±ll fB~ J' r J.&*lB"lJM§t:i&Jf~ J' r ~*1ti&Jf~ J' r I*1ti&J~ J' r ~~1t ~f~J' ,& r ~,,*B"lf~fEH.~~J.&ij@]~~J B"l;\**~i1Hr ~Jl@WR* *:ffi£~JE1fit.LfJj!~Wfl~@W~*±~;llB"lro'Jm ' ~1r~i£f~~~f:f'l.'Blti OJ1t!;7::tflT I~i£~1r~1C@]'¥iJ Wolf ~ Roseberry tzDW,t;L~~f~JtB"l~M@],f!\ 114;llB"lj9IS!l1X Wolf Roseberry IPJf*riJk,\jf*±~tzDlij~},.jIf5jtlllB"lro'~ ; ~A. ±~JJtzDW. 0. 0. 0. 1PJ.f:f~mB"lm©Mm~~~±~:ffB"l~~.Jt~M'~II@]~.L~B"l r~;llJ ro'~. 0. ff::l~~ArtJit~!J:ffIN*~B"l*'t;~. , BP1Jel~ Roseberry i£ Wolf. ~~~-7::tflTjlf5jt±llji*{t~mlMB"lff!t~-~ili~~*. 0. Ml~1r~~ Wolf ~. iEeo Wolf 1ltiWMm,~~Jt!,±~:ffm~T,~~,'t!,B"l~~it. '. [!]lltili:tJtXm~T. i£R*~$~§~B"J~~~~B"J~lIolPJ~'~~±~:ffMR*~~B"J~ ~~~~.TmR!l.B"J~ffl°llt7l-'~1Er~~.JtJ~~n~ • •~. rJJf!tffiUB"J rffl*¥J 8°1m'gtzDllt, ~i£~~f~JtB"J~,'t!,§gi£~~;c\B"J[!]*;f@ it~7I-J3IHM-~ , Wolf ~~1*ffl~l~ml~**JI.lm~~W~Jf!~~B¥B"J* 0. ;g. George E. Marcus, "Contemporary Problems of Ethnography in the Modem World System," in James Clifford and George E. Marcus, eds., Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986), pp.171·173. Alvin Y. SO (§U1U§), The South ChiruJ Silk District: Local Historical Transformation and World-System Theory (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1986), pp.7-9.. 5" Wolf,op. cit., p.401..

(28) ~o~~~~~~~~rfr~~$~~~-~M~tl~~~°fr~~~~. ~'*~.~H~IR,tt.'~.'W~~~$~~~*~~~&n. , Wolf~7t~~L~~~fl~~-=fI : *Mfr*~~ (kin ordered) , *'P:J~~~ , &~*j:\;~ ; ~7t~±~~~f!rJfrtl~*~~83fr* ~ , , ~~~**ffl1Ef~ , ;J\.~f~~f!IJ~t)l1n~lla~~*~~fp~ o. J 81JtH§:-~~. Wi:r¥m*&Mm~~tt. 0. fr Wolf ~*t·l~!lH$ , Wolf RXJJJ~1E~~fl~"~~7tffTm*&WfI ~~~~~~'ili~~ffl~~~~r~ili.~WM.~M~&fI~~'~. Roseberry m~$IJ~Mf/iJlit~::~~J!t±~~~ r ~~fl~ J ' m:tt~~~~ 'ftB~~~f~ili. ij¥f~ T )J~fi~~ft. Wolf7tffTIR/f@~~. 0. Pierre-Philippe Rey ffl1'Ji! ' ;J~~*± ~~~m~w~*±~~~mj:\;m}j~-=m~IDtt~ o 83Rey , ~T'i' 4-~~m5i$U~jc~/f~~;J~~*±~~~~~~m=m~9i- ' m}j~m -fllmmf~~t)~*~?JrU.m (circulation) ~~M~fI~~fl~ : ;J~~*±~~ Roseberry. m*~*e;f/iJ,~R:,1i§t±~~. ~m~~~~~~~~~&~~~~~ilia. '~fr~*±~tl~R2. ~'ffl~~fI~~m~~ff~~~~~~o~~~*±~tl~~~*~~ *~M&~~~~~~,~~~m-flm}j*~g~'B~~~Rh~H rJrtilll~Lt)jI&~~. ;. • m}j~m-m~±~~-fllmi&m. (Ji~h1JD. ifrtilll) ~f~ a Roseberry ~JL\~IE~ Rey ~m-m~ • x.m~~*±~ttf~WI · ~~ ~j;t~±~~~jtJI &4Roseberry 1][ Marx ~g3IDt : Rh1jH~~M*/f9i-~ 0. --f19HIJ~1E9;;:f&~~~~~~ /fC&~1?t~~~~fl~. ~~~fl~~T; ~M~R~1?t~*'P:J~~. ; .9X1SlrIt~lHw~~-fl:wr~**15- (synthesis) ~ ~L3tfF~~II~W*'P:J~~fj~T ' ~1t Wolf ~-=fI~~fl~ili1'Ji!~@~~ 0. , Ibid., p.75. H:,. Jane Schneider, "Introduction: The Analytic Strategies of Eric R. Wolf," in Jane Schneider and Rayna. 8J. Rapp, eds., Articulating Hidden Histories: Exploring the Influence of Eric R. Wolf (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995), p.8. Roseberry,op. cit" p.163,. " Ibid" pp.l66-167..

(29) .~A •• -'~:.~ •••. +f\tlt*C.tJjl ~j;)* ' tE!fi4 rm-tltwJ t±l¥rli!ll!fIlg.g~fjr:p 'iM't,\ tHf]'fnj~ Marx FJT ~ r ~if J g.g~~rr ' ffiJ~~1I1I):~~'i"g.g~~Ifu*.f.!!t~1t~Jtl; r ~if J g.g mR " ~§Z ' ~;fpt~5V~t±~~g.g:;tm:Wf~ Roseberry :mck:g.g~1G ' JJtt ~A~~~tEiIDWbJl~t±l¥rg.gii*.:t::~m~WH1~ , ~~~ Wallerstein g.g~ ~1Jl3t~ ~~ Wolf g.g-fl1:.i.Jif~j:\ , tE~~IfuL:ms~ j;)~m~fI r ~* if J ' ~OJmfflwr.t±l¥r~1*3t~g.g'~Y5L .f.!!t~I¥tj;)7t;ffT~Jtl;~rrT. 0. Roseberry jJH~g.g~. ,. ~5. §. 0. ~~'fi~M7AO~ft-Jtl;~~A~~~~JI~t±l¥r.~~.'. : Roseberry ~ffl'i"~g.g;f~~~~Ifu~~~g.g ; jffi Marcus Fl1J~fflOJj;)*±t±l¥rlIltIJ*a*g.g~e ' Z]1tYJ'';~*±lIltIJg.gtltWe ~D*~tmFJT~~~~1~Jjjiilf%g.g'~R!iij.g.g~3 ' ~~{jifJ~m~liI$l~~ g.g---~ , ~~*~~~1[ ~~ !3ltg.gMf%~ , *f~ r ~a J (cataloging) Mf%W~~~liiIDg.g&~. '*. 0. g.gI~,~JJtt~m~JI~t±l¥r~ii*.:t::~~~g.g~fI~~~'MtE~.g.g ~~Laoor~ifJg.g~~I~offiJ~~z~~~~g.g~~n~,. !3 f\O~{-~*MfJ'Er:p~HtiJl~t±l!fg.g/h!ltrm~ , if,ttE fj'&g.g$ Wolf g.gMfJ'E ' JlllHt~~¥IJ~~i&m~~~i1l~~*l¥JQ/J\.g.g~ 1!t tE*lfrjg.g:l~;H~ , ~fi1f~82f1'l~-$7t~~ftVlUt~~g.g~*&5t;ffT:;tm: " Wolf ¥Wl~/hW!g.gJU~ , ~r:pJjjtE7~ rjt*ifflY:'fif*.:t::AJ fj'&3~J* Wolf ~ Roseberry 0. 0. tJjl~g.g~~,m-tltwt±l!fg.g.~1[~&.o~~~~~~~'@Mf%~ 1irp~.~mg.gt7JAl!ifiP~. : ~~t±l!fr:pg.g/J\.tl1i!;j;)miL. (rebellion). &. m~*.ffi'ili~~~~~.~~@~tE.M.*.:t::Ag.g.ffi~'WtHH .$(rev~tioo)g.g~~?~m~-t7JAI!i~~~g.g,~m~TFJT~'. ; ~m~-tJJA~ti~~1~~g.g , ~ fflEffil~ijt~ Marx fiJTz;;~fl1:.i.Jif~j:\;f§~~ , OJ§~tHf].g.g r**if J R " vnJ.ifiJT& ' iE~m~~ James Scott U~E~tH/J\.)I~.ill~-JE.~ . $ ' ilifm7~1j\.~~g.g rii1!*~~J W' fJJ%tm&7 r~ifJ g.gOJ§~ t1 85ffil¥U;\O~1~r:pJJI ' ftf!/tliwr~rp~!J\.~filJj;);tt r ~~g.g~~ J ' tE Wolf ~.$r:pg.gtl\.f~tH 7*rJ~g.g5t;ffT. 0. James C. Scott, "Hegemony and the Peasantry," Politics and Society (US), No.7 (1977), pp.267-296; "Revolution in the Revolution: Peasants and Commissars," Theory and Society (Netherlands), No.7 (1979), pp.97-134..

(30) ~B~~~~m~TR.*~.~~~r~~J~~m~~w~~.o% :ft1r~)f[;;fj Wolf~!J\e1fi~EiZ,~~ff,fJT. 0. Wolf~ffljj*~.fiA*±t±fr. ' fr)f[;fim* -*frt~ 8T§)f[;~~ .frt~,m~~.**~*±t±fr~~• • ~~~o~~~ADfrt~:U 0. ~M~m**±AD~~,~m*~~~m~m~~fflo~~~~~FB ~. : wr.LMm~~t*ji~f~~~t±frfJ;:ff~1L~ , illa!iI~~~!h!!~InJ1fi ~~~Mffl~om~~Mffl~~mm~~~· ·ft~·&lli • • t±fr~jt~ • tm:l:: . ±~&1m1r~~fi1~ ; ~Jtt AlnJtl~¥rj[¥z~~t±fr~*1f ~J~iE!ffij~~~~Atp &rmBwrJt.M"J~P (FJT~1fl r ~ E13AtJ) , ~m1fi~~ ~::tJ. 0. 88. 1£At~~*&~m{DJ ~X1t.l.~{*q~~ Atfl:l ~ E13At~m~~!J~JR .?~.~~~*~~~ • • ~t±fr~.~~~&.£li@*.ffl~M ~. ,. ffij~Jlfr3::iii~m~1tBP~.fm'rr~~gt~~*~ft,. r lE~~.&~ E13. At::tJ*~ffl~~.~~m~~.'&ffij~~~~A~m.*~.~1fi~. M::tJ. 0. J. 89~-{~~~~llifr{m1r~~q~x1t!i~JJ[L. § E13At~.~x1t,§1§T. m. r LlJ~~'$~J. r~:7( J ~*t;fj (apocalyptic) }t:H'~. ~iE!At~lf-f. '. ,. 0. Wolf 1~lli. '. ~At. '. ~~i&Jfi:l::.&t~m*t±fr~1fi 'i'jj*~.&1~m!'t:~ImiJ*~~. .~X1tijtt"~T~~~@::tJ. 0. 1£=*FB~&At~S"J~qx. 'n::~1UlfFfflz1i' ~M*~~R~At· § E13At¥}*~~~~:k.*.~~IJ' ~ ~~m@.~:7(mff~.$R±¥,t±fr~~~~.~ooo. 1£.*:l::.*~t±~f~1W1~!j\At!mm. '. ~3fMz7E:LmS"JIPJlf-f. '. Wolf 5m~. {m 1r~ S"J.~tlt WW:ff:LlJ5m {m 1r~ ,f';zJAVi:: {,\~ {'P ffl ~{~~~~IT~R illz iji:ff ~ ~tt Wolf ~il1Bt: {mW~~E§:gf , {~1miJ ' ~1miJ • ~i¥J • pii]m&frJ!i2 . 0. 0. E~ImiJt±fr~~z~~~~.~'1£~~~~lTm~~ATr~.JS"J~ 8C,. James C. Scott, Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985).. " Wolf, Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century (New York: Harper and Row, 1969), pp.280-282. P!. Wolf, "Peasant Rebellion and Revolution:' in Norman Miller and Roderick Aya eds., National Liberation: Revolution in the Third World (New York: Free Press, 1971), p.62.. Wolf, Peasant Wars ofthe Twentieth Century, p.292. " Wolf, "Peasant Rebellion and Revolution," pp.63-64..

(31) iEX ~ AJJi" - 1fI.f- :. *. Ji;J. ffI! t'U! 267. 7t: r /h.m*J:jJ1?~r:rr~jrJf¥JP3~ : ftf!~fD(Jj,tEr~fflf¥J~jJf.U~1~-f~. M. ·M.~.f¥J~*o. ,~~m&@.'~ili~.~~*~DJ. , lffltE 1960 • 1970 ~q:q-lt(')~f¥J~1II q:r , 1t~~Jff/F.zfl AfillMiI!! il&m~:g. Scott &J:tq:rZScott ~*}]fJHB r mi!*~~ J ~*t:!I!1W*i¥Jii:!/J\RtE~§:±~A~Tf¥J ~Ro~~f¥JMmfl=: ••ftm~.mf¥JmM' -~.~mWD 91m&-$A*,~5Di~'t±:~~:g.ffJ;l.AI~ 0. 0. .,&~m±~f¥J~~o~_*Mmq:r'@~llimi!~~t:!I!~f¥J~*~. .0•. 'li.m••*M§:@••~.M~@f¥JAonm~-$~± • tE~m~.~~.~~@~•• @mMM.'lffl~ ••~m~~±,~ ~ftf!f*!:~@1r~~:j:z~ m-m.~5E~1tUJ lt~ (comparable) flf~f¥J 0. W~ffl~o.-~~.f¥J:j:~.,mf¥J&rM§:~J:t~mOOfflf¥J.~~~. 1Jem.frJ. 0. .R~M §:~*~~fH!}$ti~@Z1&. ' ftf!A:;;fijg~m*tt.~ J 0. am~M§:~~*~ffl&~±~m~~:j:~.*~.'lffl~5E@~.~m. f¥JfjJ!lo ~ r il!i!*~~ J ~ Scott 3ilfflfflffitiM §:&:'5~~J!Hf:! r ~~#lrJJ!l J PJ.m .~*il!f,~m~rj 1ItliM&f*~.ft£D~f¥Jmtlf1 ' ~±&:'~~~ 0. ,. ~.f¥J~:j:~m~~/F5E~m(. ~~,m~0~)o{B~'~§:±~. f¥JA~~~mffl~m~~~5E,m*~.7M§:~f*~MJ!lili~m7@~ f¥Jmt~*~~[~. 0. mmf¥J~U/~rJfiM §:tl~. ,. , /F /PJ1J1 Wolf' Scott 5.$~. m~f¥JM§:~0~~~.~¥$zM'&lffl@~.tEBm:j:mq:r~.&f¥J. &tf[-ScottT -W~fFf¥J±G- E1f?!3F1;:i~. 0. .~m~~W*~~5Eril!i!@~J~UJ-.~ffl*i¥Jii:!~~f¥Jm ~'m~@~q:r~*W7tili~~~~~.'. rmi!~~J~nMf¥J.. " Wolf, Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century, p.301. 92 . James C. Scott, The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1976), p.167. Scott, "Hegemony and the Peasantry," p.279..

(32) ~JJt. (contextsensitive)' 'f::*£,/F~f'jmB"J71iffTI~ 94{EI~tH~~1iffJt L:9f. ' ft r mlit*~;1!1f J ~mt~~UB"J:EIt!jfnijtlttJ* § Samuel Popkin B"J r i&m *~;1!1f J ~--ifit*i§~j;)j::t:~B"Jmlit~fOO:fWf~'H\IHr~B"Jf'j mfi Popkin Wd ~i±~mtfIfmI B"J~fffliif'j~ifi' 1El~-f~Jl:;JtB"J/J\.~B"J~ft El m$ , ;fl!m$~M 95~ Scott ~:l:tl!.:!.:~ftmifMI!iJ1!B,SIIEl~Hr1~~~~~1;£ liI!iJn!ilB ' Popkin BPWd~:l:tl!.:!.:R~~mttB"JMI!iJ-IJ:l:1!B,SI , ~1!B,SI71f1X~ ~ fffi ftlHU j;)71fffi m L Popkin ii-ft7t~tBliI!iJn!ilBf'F~f!tz:B"J~~ Scott ~:l:tl!fft/F~B"J~A OJffH!I~-milBfffiX::fjUiJ.tt~B"J1!fOO: ' tlDj;)Jitt~lf)l El1f;B"J~nlft Popkin 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ~~X:~OJtt~B"J~mR~W~ft:l:tl!ffi~Mffi~B"JALOO·.:l:tl!.:!.:OO.~ M/F~~~LOOiifi~~X:~'$~~~o. Popkin B"Jtlt~fjtWt!21'rm1liMfJ~~ -noo · m*Il!;1!1f AB"Jf!tz:{~f:1/J\ , 1t1!fH*fWrf!fr IJ\,SIB"Jf!tz: mj;)IJ\,SIft±:l:tl!B"J~JIi ' @1I'~1:*~B"JtltW fi ' ftWT:f1VfLjiJ [A.B"JiI~~~~~¥.i9*LJIt ' ~OJ j;)1;£*~;1!1f A oo~~$~EtJ ?R*~l¥$:Jt~tB* ~fi1E$~*~;1!1fW~~A~?J!ifltB*B"JI~:EIt!tt ' MtA.mID*~;1!1fB"J~f'F~'jL$ , 1'rOJf4EmTMj:{~1$IJ~B"J~~ 93---noo ' ~f'!,{iif'jli~n!ilB{'F~J:. T~~B"Jmlit*5,~ , ft1l'~*iI;fl!.~~,SI*t±lW El.1'r:J:&~L • :l:tl!.:!.:OJj;) 'f¥¥flIi1!B,SItB~A.9EB"J;~{5C flIi~flB"J-§l$;ri1J;(~ 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. *ilftmlit~~$lI~o ~~. Scott /F~~;ff~Mj:1f;j;)}R~L:~ti¥$*,&JJ[~m • 1t1!ft. ~1'F$fji;tii-ft7~fljfnij@1I'~ft El1f;im~TB"Jmt§fJ~. .~B"J~~~(. *~2B"Jif1m:--Sedaka. 0. 1985. ifEtJ. ftWT~$ftl!m ~~. )&~~~~(J:.MMm).~·*m.@ft~. (fl15 ) --E8JY~~B"Jjn4 '. mJ!E5ffi~J:.T-=MMm. Paul R. Greenough, "Indulgence and Abundance as Asian Peasant Values: A Bengali Case in Point,' Journal of Asian Studies, NoA2, 1983, pp.83l-850; Charles F. Keys,"Introduction: Peasant Strategies in Asian Societies: Moral and Rational Economic Approaches-A Symposium," Journal of Asian Studies,. No.42, 1983, pp. 753-768; James M. Polachek, "The Moral Economy of the Kiangsi Soviet," Journal of Asian Studies, No. 42, 1983, pp.805-829.. '" Samuel L. Popkin, The Rational Peasant: The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1979), pA. Ibid., p.47..

(33) ·~A •• -'*:*~. m£\~~~Il$AJ'n~~~}j!fW:;tffg~f'F. 0. •••. 2@. 97ji*±~~ Sedaka B1f~ill!. '. : mliB1M~{t~1JI7dfl .&~~~~~*~~-~m~o~li~~hB1~~m*• • • ~~%B1 M~ : 1f'EmfBHI ' m~ , nI~{1 , tlfo/J.lli~ft~m~;gl±\ fffi~*&~ f* o"J;1"' }j§j tfI5 &:B9ctE E3 m~ ?!!iO"J r::x: {b£ 6b J cP , ?} E!P Affrl )J&B1ifLiffi ' ~ ~~~,~Wl]i&}f1~ftifr.t:jffltE Iltt!H~jiB1mJJi~~. 0. , ~~3 '. px~g. , &~~~~. 0. 98. Scott 1f'E~:ilE::X:{b~6bCP~1±\ T Sedaka M~tE~~mJt*~~ffrJB1m *mM}j!~:ffi~M~tE~~OOffrJtfI5~~~B1:.A~~~.~~Ao". .~Wl]*~~B1~A'M~B1ffim~m~W.*'@~M~B1mM}j!~W ~DW1iTI!; Abner Cohen FJT~B1. • '. RffgJ;){m1r~m~B1. '. '. r::X:{t~im J B1£~~. a. ffiJ;)::fW• • •. BB1::X:{tjiimt*~iTI!;ffif~mfj{tB1£~~. .B1;\@!tFJT1~tEftif~Z1&:ff:lSUtB1~~. 0. , fm1r~ilffi:~~§ eB1.~rj1!tfffi. M~~ffim~~~m~~~:.~@~M~~.A::ft~~~@~iI~T. mfffiB1mJi:. 0. , • •m~.~~ji*±~~~~Aiffi.,@~~.m~. *1C::X:{t**l~fl~ fm1r'5!li~~~~5fo/J~~?!!iB1'Jr~~~ , litrijflj§ em 1~B1M.J;)~SJ3fmfr~.~~~1rf1ffrJ2f~B1~wrr a FJTJ;)~JT~~fJ;JtcpB1 • • ~*& ' 4§.~.*1CmMcp~iflj~iEll{teJ]tB1$7tJ;)f*~§ eB1iflj~ 0. 0. Scott tEm~cp£H~'3Tt Popkin B1~.~1NSJ3MB1. 0. tE~~h~~~~. %~~~ji*±~.ill!~~~~'fffi~~~.W*~B1S~aka'::f~B1~. R&BP;t§ ~ B1m~~.*1CmM**l~- eB1iflj~ iflj~~tB1*~~ AlIlft-%A §BS @~J!~Ji~B1 ' Scott B1~~itt1§Xf'f: Wolf 1M.~~L~'J\.&:m 0. 0. .ffim.B1a~'iliB~B1~.l±\tEmB~~mJt~.~, ~*& 0. r~ftJI±\B1. -5FY=ffB1.;t§ Scott ::fwz,~ Sedaka B1**ft'!Wi5t(lJffg:t4i:z ' **~~Ilm ' ~I1tfm!tIl~'J\.B1m~3tm!T r?l,fmJ lOo~1& ' Scott ::fM~'Jrm T Marcus FJT § : :fEj.§mfm~~m§]fW~~fm'tfft.5t~~rj.PTB1 0. 0. " Scott, Weapons ofthe Weak: Everyday Forms ofPeasant Resistance, pp.43-45. 9S. Ibid., p.305.. 100. Ibid., p.350.. Ibid., p.220..

(34) nm. ' l!tt~1E~fmffE*m.px~fflHllt~?5rJ151:~I±L*zJl9Ha*t8~a 0 llitft Scott tEitBt8~~~fif4r:p , ~l±Ifi/.$:±~a*tE Sedaka t8Jft&iii'F ( 3!~=~ifjlJ ' JE~m ' iJf A~IJfS~ , &Im~mt&) J¥xtiJ1I~ 0 JJ]t8~ , Marcus tf1J~$tJ ' iiffl ftE.)5JTm~nm.lITtfEt8~fPJJitt~ r }j~§·Sl,li!'!,±~=1jt8a* lilf~ J ' tJ2Jitt~1::~~:rt:fllli! 0. lOJ. tft@.~~t8mff2~a*'H~.mttt8~ffl1::~~:rt:.~'M~ iTfi1::~~:rt:2mr-t8/J\.WfJ'E. '. /.$:NiH~T~1r§ 1970 fFi-(r:pM~iEet¥J. ~~~±~~~A.~~~z~,~-±. ~tE.OOlli-~~~n~m. , ~S't~~*Gm:r:}]fJ~±~~.t8a*&~fj~rl:t] rf:jE~J t8!lllmf tJ2lfF ~1F~tiJ t)J'~~J~,±~m~m.t81£&trm~glfi ' *;gffl@JW 1990 fF{-(z n ' ~~A.~tE*{~m*Cr:p , =MlfX~t8?9Ht~f~ 0 ~. 0. ¥Mt8a*.=1j~~§W'~~.Jl~~ftE.~1£a~~t8WfJ'EI~z )5JTtJtiJ~. Asad. , Jitt@IZ;j~itB1F~e-*~~~~fi/.$:±~~51rFt8IDt1¥t:frj:6it=1j ]021£ ' jJ!nl*GtPJ{1Lrn:1£@a*.=1jJlijllU~lflH~~t8*~ mt)tE~ , 0. 0. ,~mft*#~z.,ftE.~tiJurn:M~m~~±.t8~H~.~~.' 001E±.tl.m.px-M§@t8,~n~~t8,~~~tEt8ft~~~.~. t8 ra*J 01£ Gluckman mAfjJ~fml6t8i&lfjftiffrzf3t, ~1F~;g$IJ~flwr M~~t8~=1j,tEMa~~ff~t8ft~k'~.T • • t8~.m~tl. IJIJ ' ~ti& ' ~~m~ Turner t8 r ~Ji:I:.!iX_J~ij!J ,& Cohen ~ti&t8:;g: IHt ' 1£&'1t ' &1$M1t-=.~fj , ~{S~m~T~tHj*Gm~at8ff1£it1¥t 0. Mat8li~i&l~tiJ.~M'lli~.~tJ2~lil*~tr.fmt8ft~ft~ffi~fm t8a*ft~offi~i&l~lfX~~=1jt8~n,u.~t8.~ZOO;g*,.~. Scott ftiffr Sedaka r ~=1jt8J1t~ J ;;t.f¥tl±l4J-A?jJlt8*G* llt~lZ;j~n :ffWallerstein&*Gm,~ ~}~t:t~=1jt8~it ' 1E § @t8/.$:± ra* J ~~$Il 7rnil~~ , ~=1jf& r 1::~tl:rt: J )5JTlfX{-( ; 13t:ff Marcus tE~~~WfJ'Ekt8 0. ~m'~JE/.$:±1::~~:rt:t8~mlITt@U~~M~~fiW.fmt8~ffl~~o. ." Marcus, "Contemporary Problems of Ethnography in the Modem World System," p.173. Talal Asad, "Two European Images of Non-European Rule," in Talal Asad, ed., Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities, 1973), pp.I05-1IL.

(35) ~~A • • -'~:_~ • • •. TIl. ~~~fF~::tg~~f&.. Scott ~1r*~I¥J~1fJl 0 103~JlrJ ' :ilA 1990 1ff~l¥Jl&m )J~~ ¥PM ?tzo ~ Scott I¥J ~1r*~t:V:T 7 $JT ,ti~l&m)d~fi ¥1iffJtI¥Jii!* ' :ftE.~'8tE.i1i{i~l~pgllft-l¥Jflii! 1980" 1990 1f1-\:;Jtft!t)\J~~¥11fi!t~~. *. 0. 7~~l&mAM¥I¥J~~~1iff~'~~~~'frTOOI¥J~~-®&9'~ fF~9g~g1~n~jBf&I¥J~~. 0. lO4. m'~.~A-.~A. ••. ~~~.~.~~~~~ H~;:F~~jBf&(state fonnation)I¥J1iffJt~~. ,. 19781fOJtJ~-fiJ1ji3-1¥J. '"' ~*~1l'~U 1¥Jm\1Jt*.£!t!mJi~5iJ~,ffl§ , ~ft:'E~t~A)(~IIifj:jJti~~~:'E r $j(i;- J I¥Jftlf i£ ' J3[l~;;f;::ftI!i&m.AJlft*il'~ff!:fUJT~I¥J~>C ' tilj:jJ J:J~1H.~ml¥J!<IJinj¥H~*.ti1H±1'!JAllA1'E B fJI ' 1illlI.1A'1¥J r 9iiR;~.1j': J '*' ' ~~:±l!Mi&ml¥J r**i;- .£!t!m seizin ( B.m r i&m J ' ~ '§'seizi(t;lilfUlt) fj!1'!J!lAJ:JJtWJ*1tI¥J>cftllllli (~AIlI ' hanido r~"1$ Jill, &=il'ijl :±l1¥J.::::ftfl 0. ,. n~%).£!t!mMR;~ff~'~~~~l¥Jr~l¥Jtl~~~~_J°1'E~-r**~JI¥J~_,*,'1'!JAllA. - nl!ilJ:J fil¥JffVJIlI*~ftlilllllA'l¥Jf4IifefffJJ (ffl J:J m~ft$IJ*,I!l*1tI¥J'§'IWf.fi&§ftiil5fj!::r::1t~B'l r iii § J) , ~-ni1iitil!ifi.!lIijmjfHE.::::ftflJJ~{,*'*'B'lishnoXf11!}}jl]!IJ (J:JfI!\lAfi~JJ~lijJf11!~J.lIjA~:i(m B'lB'l~{*) !JH~ft.m--ft r m~:ftI!ntJf:.!Ji~fliIJJ.EtlJ ~';Jfln r >cftJ pqffiSB'lmt;'j!ifi.!"~ , iil51'E;;f;:)( ,*,jj!.lMl!M1'!J!lAftWIB'lliffRffriJ:J~.I¥J{JfJiill~JJI.:±l* ~~ff!:W' rifizmJ !ifi.!>Cft : *.!itlt±1'!JAllA I¥JwFf ' ts.iI3{)g'fU ' ~31t1l (R;1illlI87:L:j.O) , N 115-193 ~tui'ltilil¥J.!I!!;f!~ffjlj , fl<1fH~~::r:m~;w1f A~*liffRR;tl*±~B'l>C~ , {£lll! ' EI 1983 il'J-:L:j.O~ {\LA~*il'Benedict Anderson~Ernest Gellner:±lK&: 7 R;tl*±~B'l~fFJ:J* ' !Ilci;-7M:~ , ffiWT1iL7<: ~nm*J3. ' '*'2 ' Bm~R;tl*±~B'll9ll.te~~ , A~*il'.~J::J'¥1IJ7 ;\O:L:j.Of~J:J*B'lR;~±~liff R~i1Wl Anderson ( 1998) L&~Tft!l87 :L:j.OJ:J*fflf.;nf~R;~±~ffJ~)( ; Gellner1'E 95 :L:j.O!i:'l;=*t!tL t:t ' Hall ( 1998) Pfi'kj*c~~>c~ , fjJJ1iLJl!GeJJnerB'lR;tl*±~mfi~~~~Jl..I¥J~J!! J:JJ:=t!'f.1( £R 7 .l\5iJl!I¥J~ f.1(tlIII JI.lii B\~±~f!I!~ t:Et:tfJl. f.1(IlI!!1M1tiWAnderson~GellnerffJj:jJ ~;gDuara ( 1995) , ffriEley and SunyB'l~* ( 1996) , ~IJ~~il'ffl!l:rlf.1(£R!MR;tl*±~l¥JliffR ' lE1;'EfJl.f.1(Il111iJ.iJ j:t!Jl.f.1(.lMlili:)'Fmfl.imB'l~~ fl~Anersion~GeI1nerJJI!~B'l,*,>C~'Jifr ' j:jJ ~n~~ ( 1994) , Z[11l: f' ( 1998) ~Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1991 [1983]); The Spectre of Comparisons : Nationalism, Southeast Asia and World. (London: Verso, 1998); Prasenjit Duara, Rescuing History from the Nation: Questioning Narratives of Modern China (Chicago: The Univerisity of Chicago Press, 1995); Geoff Eley and Ronald Grigor Suny, eds., Becoming National: A Reader (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996); Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1983); John A. Hall ed., The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998); n~~' r MR;:ftI!R;tl*±~~ 1920 :L:j.Of.1(B'l B mi:l'at J ' ~~Utft"~ , ~ 3 WI, (R; 1illlI83 :L:j.O 3 J=l), N 161-197; u11l:f" 5i!El3::t::.' ~Bli:::t::.WIf:llil!1!jJ1i!!J (i:l'jt : ~fJi'~1"l] , R;1illlI 87 :L:j.O) 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

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