展望廿一世紀的東亞經濟

全文

(1)lIlf. ::m. -ttr 0:>. <:..>.. QO. ~. l.tt -ft Jml N H. .. *". .~. ~. C;. ~ -iT. ~:. cr.}. .~. ;'!!G. l'. ~. f.iP'. \. *$. ~. ~. ?\- $:t:::I-o. .i'. ...:r. ~~. ~ i+' ~ \ ~ $ ~ 'pJt ~ ("4 ~ .)¥. ~ ~1 0 .... ~ ~ ~ "P: IJ).. ,~. ~ ~. ~. ~. ~ . $ rif.. F*. * +. \\. /j;. ~. JiQI. (&.. -.::::\. m. .. ~1. ~. <;). *. I?B. 'if .1r. .... ~. •. ~. '*. .*. *. m. ~. •.- •. -*. ~. _. _.. ~. U). -*. -.. *» e; • c; • ..>".. .. I!S. il\t #. (!'t'". ~. ~. ........ ~. it; lfa\ Ja1. ~ ~}. JI¥. ". m11 ~. ~. ~. .. fr. j;i. ~. .>. ~. ~. ..~. ~. ~}. It!". ..4l... ~. Q. ~ ~ ~1!l fir;.. &. ~'" C""". sa. ~. {!t. ~}. •. ~\. § " $. ~ . ~ ~ :!II ~ ~ § ~ ~ ~. '-". CZl. > td >z. ~. .Iel ~~. ~. \\. ~. + ...'" -f\\. ~. .... ,. \ l:!!l. ~. -r. •- .. ~. ~. d1. "4-. ~. m. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. •. ]:. """". 0. *. =. 011\.. <:m\.~ ..::.. J. ~. .~. ••. '". J. ~ ~ f1;. $. ~H.". \ rtf;.. ¢. ~. ~. 1'\,. ~ ~ 11"1. ~. \\ \. .-. *. 1ft\:. ~>. ~. ... ----------------___. *. -. J. 'r >t~ ~ ~ r4: n ~ ~ lfa\ S» ....... ~ (I) Jji\ l!!l (i4 & -a @: ~ ~ ~ ~ . . $fr '*'" 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~. m ~ . )!Jr; ~ $ ~ ~ 'jrx ~ I--' ~ $. 1+ m ~ {J-.~ ~.I$- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ + f.\1 ~ (T.l 1+ " ~ ~ W !t ~ I!!l J;;I> ~. ~. :'It-. ru. .. ~t. S. C'. ->.... ~.~. i?*.l ~ ~ H- ~ 5Jj.+ $. $. ~ ~ ...:r it" ~ ........,. :t:::I-o 'i*" ...:r ~ ~ ~ ~ .$ Rt fr :t:::I-o • ~} ~ $. -a~ ~ ~ ...:r $. ~ 0 ~ \ ~\tI ~ ~ ~I ~ ~ 0 ~ ........, $ ~ 1* . ~ ~ 1f I!!l ~ >4, ~ ~ ~ & fr )?r. {:\: ~ (T.l ~ ~ ~ fr ~ ~ -a- . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ?t ~ ..!!\ 4 § ~ e; $ ~ ~ ~ ~ itt \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '-- ~ {tJ: ref ?1~ ,» ~ ~ ~ W "', ~ gt~ l-3 ~ ~ ("4 ~~ 9\. $ ::r ~ (I) $. lfa\ W ~ ~ ~ gor " ~ :::tv\'~ r:r::1 $. ~ $. ~ '.*, ~ ?\ $ \<>'<\ ~\t S ~ ~ ti ~ @: § ~ ~ ~ ~ >c:tJ tt; ~ ~ lla\ .:w. tiyt ...:::.. ~ ~ " ~ t:j ~ ~ ~ $. .jB ~ ~ ~ ~ ~} att &: ~ fll\l- ~ ~ ~ "1 ~> ~ rl. 'r. ~ ~ ...... ~ ~ if~. ~ ~ ~ ~. ~;. .... ----. 2!~\;. ~ ~. ~\. ~*. t::!l' ~. ~* (1.). $. *\. ~. ~~I. ~. .,..

(2) ... - " ;It 5Z i@. ,1!t ~ jJt ~#~~Rftll¥9~~. (-) t1 ~. - .J- ~ _'''\.. ..::.. . ~ J/t ?!lllif a~. .AAnrn;. ~. cS·'> • .,;.-g /fJE.. 1). ,A. *-. ~~~. *~.. r~fi.~ ~. jlJ. <). () .t.. iiZ.~. ~. • l, J'11I ~ 'EJ'J r:-;)f-. ~~ /J fl.lL. .:tt'l. ~o "<:'. .::£ W) ,;.1£ ;~1r. Ir-. ~~ -100 ~t ·ut. T 19. .*~. .~~ .' '> 1" l'3I . u... *- iiZ. ~tf 195 o.!f- R. .. ~. 7t:.. ~5f. ;'fit .i'-Jl. r€ t; ~ -t-lf-. ./±.. 4~~. ~~. H 4"-i.Jl1. Q. f t. (fJ ;ff. .~~~~4Qa*A_-~. )f... ,II.!). o ..r. ,1;" •. ~. ;f. 5t .h!!.,. ~~.~1-~~~~~. tJ. jJI. /.;,. J£ •. ' ( •• J . ~£. 1..1. '-. .z\;. l). . F.~ 1 E *-}fA 1r'. *- 1:. :it,~ j} 1~Jt &1'~~ ary. 1''(. -:fnJtJl·. '}G ..;t:.}t5L#I. '&'19804-d'> ill 'rfJ. t.§.lf1 ~. ;#: ~~ r~H~ 1fr. E. *-# '.@..it. ~~.-¥-JtJ14;fAt(fJ i1! 0 -tfR{import substitution). ~ Jft1it. ' ~4~ A tf:: 04(1. i!.(export promotion)W-J jf ~ It .r(. ' IJ} FIr) ~~1t ttl. 0. 6iJ .~ i~ ~ Al. ~'i~ ttr ~f! :fA .:Lit · ~l1lf tt'l. 198 s1f- ~ 2. M' ~;1+/ V5I. k'~~ ~. ~~o~. (newly industrialized countries)'. ~,. ir:t1&. k*. If-R~~. _~·~Al~1. YA*, ' ~~. i*#lO%£';6¥j. 11~ {l~ $ .E.Al~ +. o.f.# .~*- tLfJ. it 1 : ~;#- : ~ !ifi ~ fIl]. -flJ:K ; n1.'&. :2. I "'. 'f ~;:I} }). j. *1f-. t±- 1 960 Jf. 0. YA ~~ 9% MJ. .#~~·A~~tih~~. Al · .§. ;'1!i ~ ,j' ~IL 7] ik:f~ ~NIEs(newly ~:t.tzl. 6iJ fiX.:it. f1!J r1J ~ :t/~. A. ~ ~ (export oriented). industrialized economies). -iF ;1fr ~.:r:.. 1: ,n~:, ~ r~. #tif ~t1.. (). t~ ~ ~. ·. ~. ~.~. o.6m. .n~fc:..f-·. ~~~~~E. .;t jftt4b @ ~ tf. i~. m1980 ~. m. k if ~ -=-l~ ff,J ~. . ~1t·t~· . 198. NICs.

(3) ~. ~. ~,. J~'1. 0. i'&J. if~f ~1988+. {f.J. '*fr. A. (2020 Visiofl)S9 t1. ~ fIJ.fr 9t]. t: 1t:.. 1<'1-1 .!~l ,k. - - cf~'" /j R "3.J. ~~. 1£ 19 50lf- ,1-\ a. 'to .;,. , ? - . 1:t. A;. 1.4 ,1)1 tJ'*J. )(p. ..'fit. , $.- qt - 1i ~fi tt {i. 8. 5%y'), J:. ; .1£ !..::. r 11 ;tlJt.. ~ 11 tf. ~ ;i(.2000sr l1!. • 198""'1:f;, ~1.iJl 1".8 rfJ 1 " 1 '~. .40' APi';: ::.}t. (:7 0"::' 01:;:'ijj. J,I..J.;/i. "::Iit t~. -C. •-. 19601f-1-\ at Ji}J .;1;" .:C. ,r.l..,/:;. b -,. f. iT -. ~~~~. MP l4.J..... JiL. .~I~~~~~~~~Ji}JM,~~.tl~~~ff'~~. Ui11'l if±... i~~1if~..i~. ~~~. ~~~~. " I JlX.."$C , 71 ~ -1:st.. :iJt r. J!Jr ft,~, ~ft f'J<] 5~. JiI'. ~l: ft . $ WJ ~i ;'Jtf 1f pJf ~ ~~. %Jt. £,~~ ]!- >p,.. ;;'m. 'y'),. j. ~~~~~~~~ .:r., /J..! hx.., 'tz -rr l~ ~ "'if). .... r --. .§. i1~. , 1994-+ iJ~ ~~;t ~ )i~. *-.$ lb4.3 (Yo. t. iilt. 'i¥t-ft-. fIJ [3). A~ ""1 flll. <). /1, ~t ~.f<. ·fF1 J !q. ,~. {if i{st. J.iE. <). 1101 ,¥.i i! 1989. t. ~k ~.~. •. ,n:>. m~ , it- if 11. ~J1Jt. ~ - f~. ~. n\ *-1f. ;;f ~. 1989Jf-ft· liSE,. 1 .f;t~~!1~* (1977--1994~) !f-1!i. : I¥.). !fil ,~ll O>J!.);;. ). i977·86. i.!!:. J!.t". 3.3. ~. i'~. 2.7. El. *. 4,0. crt:. ;]ij. 6,7. 0/ ~ ~ <f 2\l k r.t. 8,4. .>f... *. ~. ~. t:?. Je.. ·tt. ~. ,~. ,~. iJJ;. #:. itt. ¥r. J;u. I}-. r$). ~i : *-~:1.. m. ! I. I. .r:'. 3k [ittl i. I. 4.0 3.1 . 4.1. 8.1 12.3 10.9. 9,0. 8.3 5.6. ,. 3.5. 25. 2.4 1.2. 6.2. 4,7. 9.1 7.3 11.3 8J). 13.0 4.9. 5.8. 5.8. 5.4. 11.3 8.9. 2.0. 4.3. 6.8. I. I. 5.6. II. I. 9.5. 95 2.5. I. I 1990. 3.9. 1I.s I. 1989. 4.6. 7.8. 6.8 6._"}. I. 1988. 1987. 11.1 13.3 5.1. 1992. 2,0 2.3. 4.8. 1.3 -0.6 4,3. 6,0. 5.7. 6,4. 7.6 4.3 26 7.5 6.4. 4,9. 3,8. 7.2 8.2. 8' 6.5. :14. 5.1. 7.2. 6.9 9,1. I. 9.5 9.7 2.7 8.8 11.6. 7,8l. 4.9. 9.2 j. 1991. 6.2 9,6. 12.2. '6.7 -0.2. 6.7. 1993. 1994. 2.5. 3.6. 3.1 -0.2 8.7. I.l. ... 4.1. 0.5 8.5* 6.5. 6.1. 13,1. 13.7. 11.5. 6.0 6.5 5.1 7.8. 5.8. 5.7. 6.5 5.3. 73. 8.3. 0.3. 8.4. 6.0 7.9. 6.0. 8.6. 8.4 8.7. 2,1 10.1. I. 8.2 8.1. 43. j. 10.1. 8_1 8.8. *:/Z if:' 1'5 it.tt ". : r~lF:. Hiorld Ecof1omic Om/ook. p.91. 99;). '). II.

(4) IT}. J. . I\. ". itt. c,,~. ~\4-. -»r. ~i\. ?'e". c~·. G-. <.!l'. .:!ll\- :~. ~.. \IIIl1it . ~. 't UT. I-'. ~. t--' . ~. VI. *' tis. Q. \. 1. 1..0 1..0. I-'. *" . »t;. d-. c~ tll-. ,*, . r Ir~. -+ "'#. ~. ~l:I--. ~ i',. ...... ~,. -te . \~I!l ~. ~~. ~. J§. tl f.il\.. 'r. &. 'J 1:0'tv ..!ttv . ~. Q. ,. ~~. ':~\I'. ~. !of:>.. c;::I"\ . t--'. .I-' I-'. ~ ,jj>jr~ ~\ :;?:!)\ H:- ~. gil. ~ ;mt:r ~ ~;1~ .- ~. ~'\; o. ~. ~. ::;Q.... ..:.to. -~ ..~ ~. (r... <.!l'. N ~ VI. ;~. .:!ll\- cW- ~ I!l'.. ~. --:rs. l~. 0. ~. -¥... ~. ~. 0. t+. .:g::.. 0. ;#. ~ .lll. ~t!l. ~ (. .l,\.... rS. •. t+. -* '*' ~ .lll . ~ ~ ". (;rill-. ;.*. ~. J%. ~. '>1ll. -+. - -".. +. . tif. ~. M. ~}. \i,~. C'>. !-'. C'>. Vl. ~. --\tt. ... ~~. -*"' . ,~.. :,tt,.. t(l-. . <.!l'. ~. ~~. ~ ~ ~"!I:- ;liil' ~. "",.. Ilf-. ~..... ~. *. ~. \. tif. ]:. :d-. -r ~. "4-. ..!t-. 1*: . I-'. ~ \WI. "4'. ;\\.(, . ~. 0. <.!l'. Xl). ~. ~ . ~~ llt' ~ ~. \T. ~. ~. ~ pt;. 1..0 im ~ , 1..0 "4~ .)' -r VI ~ & -fit ~ ~ -fit ~t m ..::t- 0 +\ ~ ~ I· \\ ~ ::;Q... .;".. ..!t~ F"Ir-I' ~ ~ .l,\... 1..0 1..0 !of:>.. I-' . (>. \. ~. 'w.. . \.t;) \.t;) ~ . >-". >t-. :$ . ~ ~. J. ~ ~ ~. Wil. ,~. tv. ~}. &. •. ~tt, ~. ~. l~. ~. >-". :4t . ~. (>. w. \.t;) . '-C. I-'. ~. ~. ~. ~ ~. m... . ..!t-. \ mB ~. ~'. ~>. La. \""-. ~. \it"". "*. ~. . ',*. ~I. ~. •. *. ,~. ~. ~. ..:=.. ~ ];t. M. rr7. ~. }!J; );if ~. ~r-. rm. (Arn ~ "". G. m-. ~f<+ ::g. ~. (4ffJ ~ -fl- ~. -P. 0. ~. ~. im. ~ ~ ~ ~} ~. 'p: ?t- @:. ~. ~ llfl' ~ ..!t- ...... ~~ ;;I ~ ~ ~. *. '*. jE. 0. -fl. ~lS-. "" ~! ~. ~. f. l!l~,. l!!l. "*t sf ~ -'>I. 11. .. (>. I-'. 1Wl. ~ 1..0 ~ ~ -+ ~ ~: 1..0 mi ~ ~ ~ ~ $ (k; ~ tv jE ~ ~ ~ ~ ;l'ts.$. 4 (it. fi'~:.1 . ~ ~ <l't ~;::, ~ ~ In ~ ~ I-' :S~y '-C ~ ~ t+ ~ o ~ 00 ~ ~ ~ ~ .;\\ QO ~ 00 ~ "4 -r ~ ~ ~~ -\tt C'> ~ l!!l ~ w ~ ~ ~ ~ ?J~ l!l~; ..;>... '*. ~,. 0. "1 ?;~. -. :d. <.!l'. ~ ~tt. -.. ;::. -fl ~ ~ ~ \-r ~ s: ~\$ ~ -1* $ <.!l'. ~ ~} ~ --\tt ~ ~ ~. ........ }!J; ~ '-'" ~ ~ ,,,,,~ C;~ ~ ~ ~ 1i:;;1 ~ .$. 5* E1'* il~. ~ ~ ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. }!J; .. ~ ~> ~, ~ [:\1 ~ OC ',* Vi ~ tv ~ t(l-. JllI\ ~ ~ ~ '0<:1 ~ e~ ;,.,. <.!l' l$ <.!l' ~ fiT ~ 1t ~ ~ ~ ~ -a~ th- ,.,\. ~ ~, ~ \-r r¥ ~ 00 >-" fii; ~ lif -+ 0 ~ ~ m· ~ c~ ..!t;eft J§ L \ ~> . 3\i. -,...... ~. -r. "4-. w. ..:::r; " ~ '~ ~. L3 ~ ~ ~ UT ~ ~ ~~ .$. ~ '''' ~ ~ l~ ~ ~. ~. !lm~ . § ~ ~ ~ .';:... ~ ~ ~l!iI' ~ -tt ~ ~ ~ mtl ~ c;B" ~* ~~'4- \l'¥ ~ 1;i: ~ [:\\ im (+. ~. s~; ~. W. \.t;) \.t;). ~. .llIl'-. !:l\. ~ ~. C;i!ii<'. ,"'>" . -",1 . !-' . !-'. .w. tv. ~. f". :S'r 4\'r~ ~ "4 -r ~ ~ ~ & 0 '-C ~ Vi lTil ~} ~ U1" ~ U\' ~ 1..0 4~ ~ ~ t(l-. ~ lif iif <.!l' ~ m1. *'" \twr -\tt. ~ .$. rr ~ rtf '.* (\1 ~* lu~ u,. ~. .;. 7,j-. ~ (.. 1+-1-. em-. tll~. i,~'NN'~ . <S1~ ,~. \. H.. ..:.to. ~,. '0. tt. -P 8'\. ~. 0. 0. t:l. ~. ~~. ~~. Tt': ~ -=... ~ I. (~. \+-. .~ .$; (' ~I\ -. iT .,.... ~ ~ ~ ii~ & ~ o/r ~. tl).•. ~. 14:-. •. ~j. -\et-. ~:. ~"it ~. ;lft. ~. ~. .:g::. l~. *'". [:\\ ~* mtl m.... ~ o'f4". :li ~ v",,". .;;D".. tJ'F. <.!l'. m·. ;.~. ..1.14. Itf ~ 5- ('T'. ~..'!.. . ~. --.I..

(5) ". 1I1£1:.II~g. ~2. (1987-1993if) !f.iiL :. ~~Ill. {. ~~ t.lUt~. ( J; 1l1:f? % ) 'f.~~. a*. #IJ *~. ,f)f,w3}t. 'f i?iJ kit ~i?il. ~r~. ,!!;*~~. ~Pf.:K. it] i:t : • ;!Uf; {idt tt. !f-;.!1.:. j. 1987. 1989. 199]. 199.3. 18,969.2* 4,544.5 3.232.0 (17.04) 103.6 2.423.1 133.4 49.6 20.0 303.6 50.5 759 31.6 33.3 7.4. 21.777.4* 5,248.2 4,043.3 (18.57) 152.6 2,892.5 220.3 67.1 305 424.8 72.2 94.5 37.9 42.6 8.3. 24,309.4. 23,533.5* 6.347.8 5,616.1. I. 1l1:J.. 10it kit.. 5,737.1 4,675.7 (19.23) 183.7 3,373.8 292.1 85.9. (23.86). 226.2 3,926.7 338.1 104.7. 43.6. 55.4. 380.1 98.3 116.4 47.1 45.3. 581.1 120.2 137.0 60.1. 9,4. 12.0. 54.6. c. &,j:. it ~~ fr;:p¥I£II •• itI31iiIl~~~~IJJIoJ1fE~*¥i {8S';} 2!1 ) , PA7 ~ 2. The Hlorld Bank Atlas (1995). p. 18~19 ,;. 1.. issue {1994). p. 191-215.. 3. United Na!ions. Statistical Yearbook.. '&l A II ~1:.11::5g (1987 -19931¥) ~- f.;i : ~ it.. 1987. 1989. 1991. 1993. 21,219 7,626. 22,709. 23,493 5.199 11,801 11,491 273. 27,226. 24,592 10,852 33.920 7.508 19,652 20.072. 1,338 522. ~. 1 14 5,298 19,847 3,209 8.879 7.859 271 960 436 L910 572. 697. 1,775 620 2568 709. if.!. Ill<. 128. 138. ~. k. 'f~ ~ ~. a -** tfr. * ~ il11. *t. tf~*-ft ~. A.. 1'11. ~~1 ~~.. ~~.. ~ i~. ~ril.. 2.170. 8,982 6,752 14.929 15,789. 325. 451 2.040. 730 3,160 830. 170*. iii : -f;.. ';1~ ~~ : !bl.~2 ~/. i1:.l. -I.

(6) '". o. (1987--1994if) 1f,.{,r,. 1m .$11. 1987. 1988. 1990. 1993. 1994. 2,900,7 2.826.4 5,73:\.1. 35596. ~"it. 2.5533 2.490.8 5,044.1. >.699.3 3,625.2 7.3245. 4.222.2 4,167.8 8.390.0. ia 0'. 4:4.4. 459,5. 2:"4.1 678,5. 322.4. 5l7JI ."93.0. 689.2 512.5. 781.9. 910.6. 603.4 464.8 1,068.2. iii. t1'. 'll'::J!'. Uj ~if!l. t7. tho ~'It. " ..St.;e Iji; {l~ .t!t" .ff-.t;..:. J. ,Jto ~~. u. 1il-it. J99A. 513,6. 656.9. 871,2. 1.015.3. (1767). 08,4:5). C~4.()5 ). 5024. ()O]'I. 7()~t9. (20,}:). (2],27). 901,8. 1.114.7 119..141. {20.S4) 1,362.8 (1948). CZ:U5) 967.3 (26.68} 1.8385 (25,10). 54.7. 77.1. 853. 67,2 121.9. 851. 93/) 178,3. ~p. ~5.{). !~ p. 53.7 8!L7. ~Ti'. ,,1. j<... itt ". t1~ t:l'. ~'H' ~'1¥1Il. i~tl'. ~r'~. ·11. ):186. 113.0. :it. '::1'. :i~. a. 48.4 4iJA. ... ,.I, a 1f--kt .i! '". it! t:, f:... . -i1" ~p. !i"; rt ?il-1t. JJ!.t:1. .Je.. ~b u {;-11'. ~. it. a. ilia ~,'tt. 'ij.. ,tc ,.. ijt '" ti~. ,::7. 1'i,,··~t ~I>\f). ~l7. 96.8 32.6. 28.7 61.:< 4JA. :'9.5 82.9 3.0 11.7. 6~,9. 6.3.1 127,0. 235.4 287.6 523,() 69,7. 64.9 134.6 82.:"' S'" 'l 164.7. 162.2. Ulo.4 126.79) 2.131.7 \2541}. 24!.7. 275.5. 362,,0, 604.0. 397.4. 8'1.S il2.2 lM.O. 101.2 95.9 198,\. 138.7 135.2. 1514. 27:.1.9. 3 !3.1 102.6 96.7 199.~~. 67'2,1.). 161.7. 43.9 39,3. 60.S. ~3.2. IlJ.5. 85.2 740 159.2. 55.2 47,5 102.7. 53.8. 10<.8. 115.7. 62.4 116.2. 91.7 195.5. 236~7. 52,7. t210. 20.3 16Jl 36,). 3.1. 46.1. },J. 2:4.7. 370 S.U. 1,9 17,1. 1.'1.2 195. lIS. 281. 2:'1.7. ."6,8. 3Z,O 40.!. 30.0. 32.7. 47.5. 64.9. 7:.1. 12.7 IS,() 10.7. 165 21.1 37.6. 29.3 29.5 5':U!. 45.7. 59.6. 47,\ 92,'-'. SIU!. (,i\. 8.7 7.0. D.O. 17.2. l:L2 2L::!. 12.9. 31).1. <. ~. -"/. 12.5. <,~. ".f. 6.2. iJ!a. 2.5. 2J:i. 3.\1. 0,'). ,n. :!,8. 1:7. ~1+'. 3.4. 3,8. 2.4 5,2. :'.0. ;~ . United ;\utiOtls.. t~. 4L2. l874 264.9 4~2 3. 1:;-';1+. i.I!t:r. f*,. ,~82.4. 110.4. 52.0 1010. ,(:1. 1:--·i't Nr;/.1".l1i:.. 151. 2313. 49,7 60.7. ,4-. itt. 1.'Z01.7. (l5J'>4). ( 17,88). ,1"R.i!ll. 3.436,9 6.9%5. Bv/JdilJ of SWtistic!;,. J 9961, p, 94-119.. 54.4 451 99.5. I PI-I. :2 1,2 3 ... :'i.0. 6 1\6.

(7) ':;.:. -0. r~t.

(8) ~"L~. OA. ,ttl. 1-;--1'. ~)'. cc. ITl}. co. l!!l. .. ~. ,,"'-. (r:.. ~. ~. ~t. ..:r-. A: m.. lTl. 1§1. ~. ~. .... ri~ m..:... );;.i. ...:..r-. tl).. ~~. '"'~';.. ~. ~ >+~ ....:s-. ~. W tt-. I!\i. lJ: F< "'" -",,-\. ~~. -'+. (¢i 0. -:>.." -II. "'~. *. ~. l!. ~. ... $. ~}. \. ~ ~ ~\1ll l~ ~. ~,. ;::;. (J,~. -'W.. *. ft~. '~.. ~. .:g:.. ~. ~,. ~'T. ...::--. 1* W. ~. "e". ~-. .*,. ~>. I. ;~. tl).. ~ tl).. ~. ~I. ~ .3n'. ...:..r-. ........ -. ~l. m. ...:..r-. *". ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~. m~ ~. "* ~ S¥. f$. ~. '. C'. ....;,.,.. ~lll ~,. ]- .1\t~. ~. +-. )m~. ~I. lOon. ~ s,'". \.;-* .:!\<!l ~ ...:::.... ~~. $. ~. ...::::... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ foT n ~ >S Pt ~ ~ ~ ~, ur r:~t ~ ~ ~ ...:w' ~ ~ ~ ~~ tl), -'-'-. ~ )$61 ~ .itr ~ ..:r.",,, "44e -, M ;::; ~> ~ ~ ~ >S ~ ~ ~ ('\l '0 ~ ~ tl). -r (rll ~ ~, ;;t $ ~. ,. ~. ""'l~ f'~~. !*':>. '. 0.4-. ~',. 4~ ~t ~~ ~ :;;,;,. ;. ... '~. ~. ~.. .... ... ~. \. .:$II!I. ~.. ~. rr. •*. ~. »-. $:. )mf\. $i.l~. f!t. &-. ~}. ~. tl). .:+. =. m-. ~. J$ ~ ~ ~. 4';)I'. ~. 1t'. 7i ~ ~ ",. ].!J. ~ ~ ....:s- $.. & ~. l!!l'. -\; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (J,rt. {t ~~ ~. ~ ~. ~ C* ~ ~. .. ai);- ~}. ~ §. , >t m. :;;,;~ jir.y ~ ~~ Jii ..:l'~ ~ -ft ~ ~' ~ ~ ~ '-, ~ ;~r -tt- It· 1~ ot'- ~""'" 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ .;:m .r.,.. H k*. -~. ;;:\. ~. ~>.. ~F. ~ ~. &-. ~. "-\\. ,"",. ~. 'Q,~\\f'. (~. ,~,. ~\\-.. '--,. -. •. .:.s. ~. ~\. ~. }til ~. -. .. ~ §. ;.. (). '*. '~. (t. *". <oJ ~~. -. (% ~ *1~ 'S:I ~ ~ ~ (n¥ ~ ~ ':tll )ml ~ -ft ttl ~. (t' fr. ~"'" ~ (:tv ""~ .... :E ~ ~} ~ N¢ .\.\~ \$~ ~ ~ ~ _It.I.. ~ ~ ..,.,. ~ ;;:x 0(' ~' ~ "* ~ ~~ ~\!. \ ~ '0 ~ ->.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iJ!3 f',? ~ ~ f* ~ m..:r~ ~ ~ .JS)~, ~ -~, ("(" 'fir ~ ~ ~'''-; ~ I~ <4 ¥~ :.!Q. ~. (). $. m.. m-. .. ~. i-'. ;t.. ;;:-,. '-C. \.:"",. -~'". (l'-'. ""'l:l. ';1!1. •. ~. .. t..... $. ~. ~. 'f«. ';1!1. ~.~. *',. -;Ill. '''"'''Q. *. f. $ ~. ~,. ~. dr'. ttl. (>. '<T0"'. ~. a~. ~. m. ~. ("""". ~\. ~. .. ~\. ~. ~. ~. ~.. ~ ~ m. ~ ....:s. ~. •. $. ~. :.! Q. il+ .itr ~ o ~ ~ $: ~ ~. ~. O. 0 ::$2. ~. $. ~ $.. 14'". 1* .l.\- l#r. ~. EB ~ ~ (rtr &. ..=.... ,*. ~. it:\- ~ ~. ~ 0 ~ ~ "'I\¥ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ (:au ~ J4 ~ \ ~ /;{.. ~. 1*. -. ~. iJ1. * *". • '* *. ~. ;. ~~ ~ ::s;;, ~ ~. ~. ~t. ~-. ,. ~F ~. ~ $. ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ H ~ i-' f+' '-C ~ ~ ~ -1li\- -:... '1 y~-* ..... ~ )l!!llI (": 0" "4 lh' ~ -r EB ~ '~ ,,) ..s{ ~ ~ ~ >S ~ >ttt ~~ ~ ?i;. ~ 1* )41-p F,: tnT ~ $:. .. .;\1. ~. I*~ fo:>t "'it ~~ il\\' ..,;,.. ~ ~ ?f- ..=... ~ ~ 1m ~ 7t~ o/l 4¥t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ..::::.. ~ "" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ;t.. ~ ~ V1 It)r ~' 0 , t~ ~ 0 ~ ~ 1# " ~ "11* f"\7' ~ (!.\ ~ >l ~\.: m ~ ~ ~ 1m ~~ >t"40 & ~ lr § if. -r. 1*. ..:l'-. ~ ].!J. ~ $: ~ ~ ~ $. ~l1\" "..", ::!t ~ ~. * In*. ~, 1l'~ ~ ?W- ~'r ~ ....:::... '0 ........ ~ ~ $. ~ M- $i.): m. :Fit ~ ;::; ~ ~ ~ f~ ~ '.D ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \tti $ ~ <..It .i* ~ ~ ~ ~ ::Fit ~ ~ .;:it: ~ ~ ~ l~ ~, 0 ~ ~ (!;m f.;'t ill.. (A.t. ?:B (Y* ....q..Y I3i ~ j<i'-: ~ ~ ~ 3~ $. ~ 7i ~ -"'. ~<> 0 ~.. ~. "', ~.;>. II~I. ,II; \(:i.1. ~ :~ 41& ~':." ... ~ fl' ~. ' ~ l},: .::r';*,11ll ~. ~'. ellr. \1~\. .. ~\1 ~. ff; ~ ,II;-. Q. ~.

(9) ~.. ~. ~. ~. <7'l. ~. ",1. (,\:'(1. ,,~ . -Q~. 4-"1. tl. ~. lli3. ~. ~ 'i'". .. 0. ~. ~. ... m· . ~. ~". ~. m.. . ~. ~~I. •. -. ;f;J. .:~. r>t'. .),1, . l*. pi. ~'f:. .ill. ,*' ........ ~ ~ ~ ~. f* ~. ...::-. :;r;.. ~. .",... (~. r~~. ~. *') ~ ~~~ . '*. "\ ). ~' . cl-. ... ~. ~~ f"<: . ,to;,. \1;;1. ~. m... Nel. ~*" [\l. ~. \\-. ~\Il. $. ~~. ~ \. (~. \\. -+. ff.. ~. r* . ~. \.-. 4. y!-. ~ ~. \ill. .,...>-.. . IZl:...:l". ~". ~ \':," ~ .l.}y. .,~ . B. C" . ~. ~>. ~. ~. ~,..-. "''t~. ~.. ~,. (i-. ~ ~. ~. ~. 'fJ~. ""-:t. ("f:.. ~ ~" ~. '" . ~' -~. -r\ . J... , . ("\J. r.If. .. •I. f'\i'w . -'w.. * mt 4W ,v.. *. ~. ~r m.. . L.__. ;~. .' ~. ~. -~. ........ * ~,. 111$- ~'. J8i 1\>\- \I'{f. ~.'". .~ . ft.t-. 3 ....i\. :"",. It"".... ~. tf. \ $. \\\. (). ~\ . mt. )th. .. •. •. ~. *. ~. G\a... ~:~. ~. ~. *. ,." . (). •. ~. -. r -. iii. tv. ~. c;. •. ~. .. ~. ... ~. ~. *. ~ ~. ~ ~ ~ fii.. mn ~ ~ -it\' ~ ~ ....... lt~, ~ S ~ 'l!)$ '!* \.~ <:nl!l l!t ~ ~ m.. ~ m.. ~ ~ ...:l". ,.. ... ...:l" ~ ~ $: ~' $11- f* ~ ~ -A ~ \o¥ ~ \I'tf if\4- ;:!l}. C'; ~ -r ~ ~~ ;:;1 f* :it ~~ ~ .:3: o/t ~ 0 ~ ~ Wf ll.. § ~} (T" ~ ~ ~ ~ B :¥ 'fJ: ~ ~ ~ l~ $ ...;... m.. ;:!l\- ~<l\' +" ~ ...:l" ~\- ~. 4iI ~ l*: o/t ~ tlf<' Et ~ ~ en\" "'11111 ~ # m.. :to.4 "* ~, 0 .~ 0 ~ f* 1)% ~ ~ ~ ~ \ ~ ~~ ~ +. ll1l -~~ {:.\, ~ ~ o/t ~;:,. ..::::.. ~ ~ ~ /'{' ~ ~ 1ll. .i~ I-' ~} B ~ $ ~ ]~ ...:l" ~ ~ ~tr. ~ +I ~ ~ ~ \.0 u). <.I'" ]~t U1 " ~, \.0 ~ ~ ~ ~ iSi ~ ~ tva a1l ~ ~ J§ m.. '1 o .$ :to~ ~ ~ ~ tr l+r ¢ 'fJ: ~ ~ ~ (+ m.. ~ ¢ (\\~ .Ji a >\III; .$ ~ "'"l:'I SI \ ~ ~ ?' ~ ~ ?t .....,. t:l ~ ~ .. § $ ~ ~: j§ § ~ ~ ~ ~ t:l ~ ~ ~ :m}. ~ C; lli3 <,t\> ~. 1l~ t'm' C* ~ S ~ ~ ¢m.. B ~ J!~ ..::."" ~ ¥ .:3: -;J\' ~ % \ll" lil~ .~ /t~ $ ~ i.%: -¢" \t¥ ~ $ B . 0 <4 ~ ~ ~ ~ .$ ~ ~ ~ ~ tt1 ~ ~ -~ .~ ..::::.. '*, i4)::: ~ ~r Q f;.: l11 ~ .$ }\;'J\ ~ ~7J ~ ~ ~ .. ~t ~ ~ ~ t~ IZ):m-. ~ ji'i (ti ~ ~ , ~ -r\ ~ ~ 44~. ~ .....' . v . ~ ~ -..::r ~al ""' " ,"' " ~ l fl\: <4. .::m ~. . ' \1ll1 :J!k }k t:l ~ ~ .iii. l:::)... ;". ~ . Q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ?t ~r; ~ ~ p;. ~ ~ lm1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~. .""" ~ )ml ;l!'J\t\' "'.\, ~ ..:::.. ~ m· 1* ~ ...::J'~l # ~r ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4..... , ..-':'10... S ~ ]J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t:l 0" ~ ~ 2il~ ~ ~ 0 \ ........ ~ ~r. ~ Wt 8' l,.!,.).. 'f ~ ~1 fiB ~ (+ >t ?f2 ra lll' I-' ~ ~ (.5: :m}~ ~ fJ: ~ (J;.. -it g; ~ nB ~ ~ \.0 lll' (;.~ <4 i..t ~ B ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 00 ~ ~ gQ ~ ...... .tl.. ~ t!j, ~ ~'r it' (T" -\ii'l ~ ~ Q ...:l" $ ~ ~ ~1l 0" ¢lll'0 ~, ~~::.: ~. ~ ~ lE* ~ ~ ~ d~ ~ ,...... ~ Wf m-. (A~ '+~ \.0 4~ ~ :it ~ ~+ ~ ~ t;~ 00 ~ lSi .::J\1!l ~ t:1l (;...r 4'" ($i }til ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '..0. -*;\lV.

(10) ~f!tl3:!H:]{j (19BO-1991iF). ii:5. kit.. -,"{;t: ~. k. JlIJ ( ;11)., ~ Jl1l 1 ~. ~. it. it. t:1. fW e:.. ~.:z.. (&"(!?Aito 1VI. a. *. 'Yo). ~. 1~. *'Ea. .~. ;l:.. eft. :0\1. 'f. k. ~. Ft:. ~. ~. 1'[1. AS. .~. *. ~. -~ ~.. i~. * * ;l!. 1980. ]~81. 257.0. 1985. 1986. 1987. 1989. 1988. I. 1990. 1991. 352.5 382.3 424.41 459.5 492.9 517.0 509.0 60.9 129.6 150.1 197.2 168'01 182,4 192.2 191.1 (19.88) (22.28) (36.77) (39.26) (39.59J ' (39.70) (38.99) ; (36.96) i 74) ... ... 17.8 213 26.4 25.6 23.9 26.2 24.2 33.0 39.9 85,4 12.4 88.1 97.1 93.1 95J) 93,1 4.4 5.5 to.7 13.5 18.0 20.5 19.3 17.7 21.21 5.0 5.8 9.0 9.5 10.5 10.2 10.0 9.7 10.81 4.4 . 2.0 2.2 4.9 9.2 6.4 10.1 10.2 !1 1.2 5,2 2.1 4.2 6.9 16.3 12.9 ! 20.3 9.31 i 2.41 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.9 4.6 1 5.6 6.5 ... ... 4.9 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.5, 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.5 4.9 3.1 5.5 fl.3 I 'l') 1.9 2.1 2.3 3.6 2.9 3.7 3.31 2.51 273.3. 5Ll. I. 3.41. 3.81. .t-.~. If). ~-* <l : IMF. Oim'lion o( Trade Statistics l'carbook II 982.. ~ )iff Jil ~. ~ $l. 'i!t. ,. ~,:ft V.. ~!!. MJ~(GAIT)'~7~i. ~('NTO)~;ftl mh\.ft.. W~. WJ ~tt-1j] ~!.1993-tr-12 fl. -iF ~ ~.~_~. · it :ip. ~. *'~~*-~~~~~~M~~ ~~ ~~*~ it!'? ,'i/;;" Mlk · ~:it 4- :{t ~ 1r, ,~. riJ 1·t a~ i'M1"1- ~1f~. x.. a~. 0. *. .".:£. f. ~~. ;:o~:t.t!.i2Ri~~1f. l!t.. a ~. ~ ,:.- J.l. tt·J. ~. ;:i:: /!£. .. .r~. ~. '{it. -H) !~. J-5iT'. ~.*. -5!n~'71IJfMi.M(EU)J:l~l:.. ~,~~#~. ~~~Ml 5UL /-.. <>. ~-t-~ (APEe) a~ 1t~. .:k .~. J~~~~*~~ 0. ~. jS:. -t- ili. if!: ~. if!). ~. M~~. · 4~. 1~ ~Ij. ~#~~#~. ~ai,. .~. r,t~. w. ". .~. ~a~Jr ~a4~. ·~f f"'r. ~~~-~~~~ 1; :t{NAFTAP:4 !,fi~~ft ' 5!. • . ~~.~~. .'$.. r...t- -'9Jt;,. rl:.;!. Q. <"1'". l?il. ,}~. o. ~. ~~. ,,1.,,. .., .... ·7. * +ftto. , ,-'.f;: >l. ,.;...:!. J.::t. ;)7. f. ..::, J~. J-" ',I.

(11) ~,. ,.,...... I. I. ~. ~,I. "'I". 'I l. ?. '0. ~. >.f:o >.f:o. ....... f\. 0. o:. :". ~. t/;"'. ~.. '". ~.. 0 ....,. ,'7. E- I. t.~. ~. ~. f. ~,. )<It<. ~\.\... "f'. ~ ~. 4~. '*1R. ~. .:'tI. .:...,. 1"'-. ..l..+-. ~. ~. {ilrll. +M-. ~. ~ \+'t(t. ~ ~. ~~. m.. \*. (Bj. 'e,,'t,. f-llj:;. "::::'l' ~\G ' I. .:;.n1.. .~. ~. trf ,*,. .±.. ~'t. ~. ~. ~. .....:r. ~. c ........ ""0. :;. ~~lll. -.. ~. ~. i"'l'>. ..4.. ~. .*. ("r>. :Ill~. ..!l~ Q;l. -t\ E. (1Q. C. -t\ ~ :;r.; '"1. 1* 4. ~. '*'. ~\. *. ~. .....:r. IJ;l-. +. ~~<,. *'. ..... \+-I,. 111~ 1 ,. th'>. 11~\.. -fir. .::.I.. . t»¥ *~. .....:r. t!).. ~\. ~*. i*. ~. \ ~. ~ ~ ";:::s.-.. ~ (:Il!l ~. ... ~. ~,. l!ll". ~ ~. -)\... ~. ~ 1t \ ...., ~. ?T-. ~;. ~ ~. ~ (fir ~. r.~. C'" ;<r. L_. ';:r,. il\l~. .;io.. Itr 'A.0.m ~ ...:.r-. N. -. ~ t:l. ~ ~ ...:.r-. '.. c:r-. ~ ,,--. I!!l. ~~. ;;i2 0. ~'Jl. ;:). ~ t:l. co c. *.. ",'. ~~. m· ...:.r-. ~. ~. ~ ~. rtt-. *. ~'-,. \ II\'\: ;l1::""'31" C'" 4: n)\. <>. N. m~ ~ ~ .....:r i4'- $ ~ ,l<;.Il). -"' ' ""I.:!it \'I~,' ....:.i'" (i\1\1 ~ .....:r ,~. d\ ~ ~ ~ ~ ).~ ~ 0 t!). .....:r ~ ~ ~ fi-. d'. ~.. I!l$. s:. ~ ~ ~. ~. .$. ~. 1m. ~.. -)i. 'e')\". fliP. ~. ~}. ~ ~. ~l. ...~i.. a~. O. N. )0. (+. I . ;".,. .. I. ,~,.. I:). ~. ~ ~. rr. t:l. *'h-. ~. 1*. ~. S\lt ~ ~. .c:;.. "~. '*'" .....:r. }i;. ')k. 'A....m. .....:r. lll-. tt. ~. (!:. ~:. ~ ~. ~. ~ ~. ,. ...::t-. ~. ~. *". j};. ~ ;Sny. ~. o. ~. s. ~ ~ ...:.r- ~. \'1;;\. ;l!;-. ~'\. h- ~ J.3j \l}f ~ ~ ~. lll·. $ ~. ~. 1#:. *'. 1*. '0 ~ '0 -' ~. ~. ~. fr. ~~ J/!;'. "* MI. ...:.r-. .Il).. Q\( ~. -t\ ;:l ~ ~ Fe. ~ ~. .~. *. Pr. ...::::.. ". ~ ~ ~ ~ '.J ;;i2 ~ 0. ~. ~. .~. ~ t:J -r\ p"~,, 4m ~;& ~. ~ (""). -,.r;:; 0". CO. :". .~. 0. 'Il'o\\~. *,. mlli(\ +\ ;;t fr~ );l ...:lp;. 1"';. P ~ 31 ~ H:- i+t if,» S 1l1l~ ~. .. §. ..::.... Itr. ~ C'" ~ ~ (!~. -!~. ~ l!!l. I.D I.D 0". I-'. ~ .......... ~. ,. ~. ". *'tW.. "*'. *. .-. ~'. llier. -M' 1~ ~. S. '*. };;t. mt. ,,~\. ~,. ~ \t~. i-'. ft. -f> ~. -4~. -:;~. ,1'1'. ..hl.. If:t. ~~. ~I. ». ~~,. ',*. ~. ~. *}. .. 'Il». (if-. ':'f!'. ~". s~. Itr ..,... .Il).. .....:r 1m". *. i<A. '4 (4..... ~ ~ C'" ~:;'1 -r\ , !iii S ~ ~ .Il). .....:r ~ ~ ~~ ",I ~ ~ ~ "" ~ (+ ~ ~. &- fA. ~\:. ~. ~. ~. i"A Ilt. '*. ~. ~. ~. ~. *'. *". '. 0. <. •. , ~ ~ \0 fIl7 ~ ~ \.C :t:l'N:I.D ~ ~?;\ 0" ~~ .....:r \.C .Il). lXi UI .....:r .....:r ~ ~ --\1i' ",1* lti' .Il). ...:.r- }i; ~ ~!. ~ f* ~> (*':i' ~ ...:.r $ "1 ~ ~ . l'<' ~ ~ ~'.:/'" t* ~ 0" ~ c ~ ~ ~ i!t (%;~ . ~ ~ SIfi ~ Itt-l trt~ ~ ..:;;,.. '-itt ."'\W. ~. I.D. ~ ....:.~. '. ~. d-. ~ S. JT. ~ ?T-. ~. ~ S l!!l ~ ,,'- & itt ~. ~ ~ ~ -::.. ~ ~ ~ C'" $ ~ fr f;;. lll· ¢T: 0 ]- (tV .....:r 7* ~ ~ -.::l -4.. ...;:...,.. • up. *. ~. ~ ~ ~'. ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ vI\': ,'\W tAl . ~ ~ ..... " n ~ ut\ t:J I.D ~ I.D ~ '-"' ~ ~ ~ ~ "" -"' 1;11\' ~ 'J mil -t\ ~IS 5- ~ -~ , ~.. ~ ~ ~ I-' ~ ~ ,I';. JJi\ I.D. ~!. ~. &. ~. .....:r. .Il).. ~}. ~. .§ t} ~ .:!t ~ ,!'< ~. ~I ft- $ ,II" ~ ~, ~} ~ ~> ~ ~ ~ S ~ Pk ~ ~ Iitt""'~~ ~ (j\. (ilr ...:.r- ~~ ~ ~ i'~ ...:.r~ § ~ '0'2 -3)~ ~ ~.;. $ .?.J ~ (t' 1$. '1~ In ~ ~. ~. .....:r. ~. ~. -S\,. ~. ~. 5tl i+t- t\-. SIt ~ 'Am. tl.

(12) -. -M en :m. ",'J\. r:;:,. .-.;,. ... ...,. c-.. '!;;l. I G" :-0. I .... -l ~. I '<I. >,. :0 ...~. v..l. "~,. "~'l '0. ". ~rr. §'g.§'. .. ... W. fj: ~: 4;.0.. ~; Ul. 0. Vl. ,... \W. t~ ~~ ~. lll. ..:l-. *". ~. *'. ~. >'. zm\-. <l. Wl. . #. . .nm 1'r. 14p.. ...' -\.. ~. \-i. ii- ~ ~ ....:... ~ :Sllr ~. $.. em-. W. 'o*,". ... '*. '.* ~. ...::r-. ~. ;;xu\>. ~~. ~ ~ \W ~. ~~. &. ~;. ~. (}. ~. ,. mt. ~ $.. •. ~. m-. ~ ,.1>. 0. '*. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ..... +\ ~ ("'\ llil ~ ~ ..!!~ MI- """~ ~ ::m~ . .:3:- ~ (I'{<" l!!l ~ .,*, }f'i3 ~ ~t ~ ~ (~ ?' 7\ .... ... pr: ~. L.,_. ('I. !if ,*, lll-. rna. -+ ~. ~~ «l\" r~ {J.rn ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ it-. ,* ~. \ Ii\::. t:\: .. --. ;r. ~ ~~. (;~. liI"l.. ~ ~ }i1 ~ it .~ ~ lffi ~ ~ ~ ~ }\tr ~ ~l ~ rY". ~. .",-. lffi ('\Itl ~ ~ :S<l'r ~ \ . 7\ ~ ~ \w. ~ PA ~ S ~ <). '-. ;.J>.. )ti·. 1tliL. lll-. "Q. ~. ~. \\. ...:.t-. lll. 0" 0". 1.0. * ib\tf. ........ 0. 1.0 1.0. ~. t~ ~. .. ~ ~. 0. THif.. ~. *. .~. '*. ~. *ill\t-. VI. ~. ~. 1.0. ........ ~. '* * * & \-tr. -.:l. ~ ~ ~ ~ 0'\ 0'\ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ]G~ t$ ~~. .. #.. it S ..s\. ~. * * l**. *. (;1111. ~. 0. Iti' w. .\.I.~~. ~. ~. \;"1. ~. ~. ..:::.. ~. ~'-". :nn. ~. •. *'{J.rr.. '%:. ~~. ~. .. ;:11. ...', ". (i!Il. ~>... .... {J.rn. ...::::.. ~ ~. mt. mt. *. . . ~\. .... ,,~ 4. *. .. *. e-. .. ]:. +. *. *. (}. ~. *. • •* *-. s.. -. *'. •. ~ \if. ....... (?...n ~ ~ ~ lli3 ~. ~ :!: ' T '$~ \0 § ~. (iJr. ~ \-tr ~ ~ ~ -'-'" ~ ~ \0 $:. ~ ( \ , 7!Il lll~ 0 J§ \ ~ ~ ~ ..:l- ~ ~ 18 ~ ...::::. ~ ~)\ . ~ .:m* rna & ~ ]- S llil ~ ~ ~ . \4 ~ $. I:l).. tM ;?t ~ ~ N ...:.t- ]~r ~ ~ $. ~ " ~*' $. 'fik ~ ~ ~ tv ~ ~ ~ ~l ~ J&i ~ $. \-i ',1 ~ -f;t ~ it $. )!u~ ~ ~ $. ...=... ~ >* ~ 7\ ~ ;;;i2 0 ~ f¢ ~ 0 ~ ~ 'fik ~ Ilfo $. .:m* ~ ~ ~ ttl· . ;ti ~ sur ~. ~ ~ ]tl~ ~ ~ ~ .:m* # ....... f'tr: ..:::r ~ -a- ~ \0 .:5~r ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \0 . Vl ~ ~ .t:r "Q ~ 0 \-tr ~ ~ ~ ::m ~ !-' ....,:.. ',*, !-' '"\).\- ~ \if. ~ ~ ii!i c~ 1.0 \-tr ~ ~ (J-U \i~ ~ :0 lll0'\ t~ ~ ~ 5- ..:l ~ ..:l~ llil \?w ~;;; 4 ~ 0'> \ \ a'>1- ~ .nm . ~ ~ ~ Ili3 ~ ~ ~ ?- ~ lli1 -f;t lll:',,~:n $. 4 Jil~ fr ...::s- ~ llil \1\ )!l!l\ ~ \w. ~ ..f.t. ';~. •"*. '* 00. '*. ~. it. .~. ~ ~. t$ %:. ~ ~ ~ <.N ~ lll· ~ ~ ~ & ..:l~"'(tiT!). .$ ~ ~ ]ur ~ \-i ~ ..w.. .~ -rrr :s~~ fr ~ ~ . J§ };%: :m~ ~ f!t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ tiu'_~ (:~ ~ ~ $. ~ l~ ]oy ~ ~ ~ ~ 1§ ',*," . w ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ TH- ~ .. .•. $. jj:. 7\ ~. .$ ~ ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. ~. ~. ........ (>. ~ ~ ib\t~ •~l" ~ JD* ~'. ~ 1 ~ ?- d'\ ~ llli ~ ~ ~ ~ ?}£ 0 7\ !1l'r ~} ~ (ti --e-- {J.!I$ ~ ~ ~ \-tr ".., ~ ~~ h~ ~ ~ $. 1l\ ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ..l..4.. lll('#'r ~ ~ .:m* ~ 0 ...::r~ '$- TH- <:> ~ lH. ~ ~ , $.. 7J-1I ..:llll...::r- ~. -. (?.tU ~. ~. cii. .,.

(13) ---'-~----'--.---.~.. ~'-'-'---~----':::::::=------------------. .... -.~-. . . . - -.. -~-.

(14) ... l& -t if ., ~ ~ ~?t. *- #- .tt itt ' ,fft7t ~..L ~>ft. ml 'f: ~ I i!.wr if.; -tt #t' ~·~a~.tt~if.;~~~.. ~'~ml~.~~~~4+hl~~A. ;/JJtAA.Jltf ~~if.;.~~~*fY-J~tIJ;I}. <>. ;;L:::';fi~~~$-~. .~if.;&~~~D~8~M~~#ti!t~.#.~#t~. *' '. iX.!lj. ~.~~. 7t i!..L -t 1t. FA ~ ~ -tt #r i! -!V k. fL~ # Jr. ~aI?5lA7ti!..Lt.~if.;~~~ •• I~A~~~_~. ~~ I?5lllt)i\ ~. t. ~ ~ #-. 0. 1ril5Ii1!Al#t ~.~A. $.. £a~a*-~.tt~' ~II rfr}~~Jt fJ l?5l Jt. iltil ~ tb i!7r 5J ii!At i#" ~ jt~f 1+ Jl*fht · ~. j~;f;t I. I. 0. ~.~if.;.~#r~M.·~.A~4+;I}~ •• ~&'*~A. .~. Aklt.J~fJJ;I}o. ,*0 EJ ~ •. 't EJ*" r~ ~ i! A e.. M• ff.; .:r. t 1t. • ~ 11" ,IJ Z.llfr • f!i.. -1~ -itt pJf 1Jf 7jC;f a~ ~ ~ rb;# k~;$..ti 1tt ' ~ tr 1t lit II ~ Ilittt {# • ~ 1!1Jn rAft it " ~ ~t ' lit rfi1 {~-'=1. iJu YA 1fij' J'\:dt. ' i£. ~ rfi J~ ~ 0. ~~~~~ F2l~. ,. J)t ~. it". ;l}a~l&~~~'a;$.~£*~~~,~~~~. a ;$.:fJt J!Ait II 11' ~I i!-tt #T '. 1: A. • -J{:. ~ £ e:.. ~ 1Jt. +;I}'~~M.~.~if.;£*-.~if.;~#T'~~~ i~ A il<J ~ fJJ;I} 0. *. tb~~~~~if.;.~·8~. ~,k... ;I}.*~. ~. ~M.tf.'f:a. II if: ~ d7 11'1' 5l i!-tt 1fT · YA 1tt* if.; A ;$.1:A. ~h £ if.;?t M ' 1~1F' <SY YA ~ I it ~ ~ it ~ fl~ -tt 1# i1i ~ · it -iY J~At i$j r~ lXJ a~:ft #f ;ft~~. *. i~~-r;l} . ~ft#~#4U.~ if] ftt~ " ~ D:. hf_ Ai1t, /,iI)'i~. ~.. ~. ~A. 1}(... *. l?5lJt+t~~~l2. IU....'.:. ff!.. <,~f. tk. -f~. ~~~~A. '~1r'. ;a,T!. 7"t' .,,;:r_. MoA~~~~·. ~:;f1.. fJ~ ~ Iii]'. 5J'-.A a. :$)'- )llj. Jt.19904-. 19944- rdj • ~ ~Jt. ' NIEs 'ASEAlN j!J. ~~*l2.~.#~ ~:r i~- t~. *- ri. t. 1lEl ill •. w.iij:- A. K ::~)!.

(15) LH. ~I. ~. ill. 1. lfll. III. ~>-. rll\411. ~J:n. 14 'f3. I. <y. .-:m 'WJ. ~. rtf;. t. 1*ID. (flm-Z. c. ""' 8 '0. <::0. tJ. 0. tJ. § ~~ 8 8 =dHIi'*HtHOliI'>-4!II 'J>. (3. '§. W. 0. I: :fI. ~. ~. :<!'II!. #t. ~ ~ ~ Jij. iliff. jOO. ~. A~. J!i. VI. ICi. q.l. Zl>mro>. "". "... ~. .:s. "". C. f&';>t-liliYit. CO. 0\. im;4lll#tJil~. ....... ~. m-. ~. 3t. ~~. ~. ?h. e-. C"'". ;;0,\1-. ~. ~. ~. .. *. <.N. t~. b. -;oj. r. Fffi. -". ~. ~. l§ ~ 'r~} ~r. .~. '*-'. •. ~. ~. ~. i\Sf. }::.. -. ~. i'*. 4~. \ii+. ~. ± 1:;.. ;:1~t. $.. i;~. ..::.t'. ~. ~}. ~. ~. \*. -e-. ''1:\. ?. Ul. -. r\. * 1*. '*. ~}. ~\. *. --. ~r. ,~.. ~. *. ~ ~ 4' ?" ~ ~ ~ .:BlI' ~ 00 . i-' (+ ~ #\.N ~ ~ i-' ~ VI m -tr .:BlI' i;~ 0 ...... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (+~ ~ ...... #. ~ N ~ i-' m ~~ ~ O~ ~ \.N ~ i)\ ,,4. '4 "',) " ~} I!J ~ 00 ~~ ~ ~ }S ~ N. \T J.\. a-. r. .... )-!. ~. ~. }S. *. 0\. ~. 't. ~. ~\\. J.\. ~ ....,.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c'<;' ~ -". .Dj -fAt ~ ::w 0' ~ ~. ~. m. mt. ». -. r. N 0\. . ~. '*" {\4. .* ;. .». '*. >t. ~ ~ -\i!:'r .:;\\ ~ ~ I..q. ~ \-I":} ~ -r VI ~ .!1ft ~ " ~ ~ ~ ~ ~; ~\)m\ ~ \ ~ ...::::. ~ ~ ~ l (tI ~ }::. ~ (+" Bl ~ ';;4 ~ 0 ~ .;\\ ~ llll ~ ~ 8t rm ~ '''48 ~r . -r ~, i-' ~ :!t) 'if'" ;:1~ -J; ~ ~ VI 0 ....... ~. ~ ~ \~ " ~ --.<l ~ J1f VI i-' ...... ~ ;\ft ~ ~, ~r .00 :,,1 3 1tr ~ . tv ~ 'J:l f.1 ~ litf S ~ .$ t-' ~ <:> ~ 3 ~ -.ly -t\ ~ ~ ~ -...... ~\ $. ~ '}!U C'" ~ ~} ~ ~ ..... 0/: ~ ~. ~ r:;: -;:;. ]§ .¥ c~ ~v.\. ~t. ~ ,~ ~ ~r ~ ~. ~ ~ ll;i ;\ft 4¥'t ~ ~... ~ l4 ....:t< ~l ~ -t7. '* ;;.. ~ C'" 1* ~ 7i(r Ii ~ f« ~ ~ ~ (\m ~ ~} ~ m-. ~. '*. ...,." ~ ~ ~ ~ ;:'!it ...:r It;! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i-' .$ ~F :a). ~ IWA ...:::t <* ~ 0 ~ )W;: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ....]lI ~ ',,*, ;:1G\- ~ 'r 0 ~ 1¢ m~~ ~ ..:i~ ....,.. ~ ~. ....!.t...... ....... .-. ~. -.1'7 fa (\m. ~. Ili. m ~ ~ ~ ~ m-. fA. ~. Btl. \iwt.

(16) ~6. mlj..Jt&$~lHiAII~:±''':SU (1990-1994if:). ~A!I ~±A.~t;j ('1;:;it). .~~Jtt'\:" (%). II J1l ( Jt ~ .:811). .n.Jf~it. .n.Jf + JiJ. .E...1f-1}1t. .n.-++ jfJ. s*. 10.5. 2.1. 126,327. 25,265. l'HEs. 27.2. 6.8. 52,599. 13,150. 'f~~11 #~ ... ~. 3L2. 50,01Z. 26.0. 6.2 7.5 5.2. ~:fJp~. 41.7. 8.3. 35,620 86,378 90,985. 10.002 7,124 17,276 l8,197. ASEAN. 31.7. 7.9. 5.908. 1,182. ~II fp Jt.. 44.6 34.4 43.2. 8.9. 8,510. 1,702. 6.9. k!,*,. 36.4. 7.3. 3.182 13,330 754*. 2,666 151*. 'flllkFi. 50.3. 10.1. 1,892. 378. .~. 37.4. ji. ,1: -,f,...f-i;!;ittt. 8.6. 636. 0. ;f;ft.i¥-il : 1. [lI.1F, World Economic Outlook {Oct. 1995), p. 91-99. 2Af1t~i.ltJtfiifptp.~II • •it!fliill~UItJrc:JMttt:!Jftt (85.1f-2fll 3.IMP. International Financial Statistics (Apr. 1996} c. i.. . p.46. <!. A~~*·~~~~~ •••A'~~U~~~·.-M.~~~. 1i1 iJ:;. ;;f: ~ ff.] ~Jt~ •. it .~!. ~ .ft. ~l1£. r. * olf1. ~[l §. i"ffl \?!11J" 'tt. ~a~M.~,~.~,ft~._~~.~~~M.;L~~. m. •• ~. ~~.ff.]M.~,&~~t~~·~m*~.-.M.·~~~~~ .~~.~ •• ~~~~±~~~~*~T'~#4.h·~_# •. • ~#~~kD~~*~.~~.~~ ~ ~~MQ~~'& ~~~. ~*~A~~.a~~ ••• ~·~.~~~-#~ •• ~**-., A~~. ~~~M·.~m~~~~~± h,# ~~#~ • • ~k'~~*~~-~~'*~*~~ •• · ~~~ • r'f.~~~I:.*i-5:h ~Jt~~- (} l3. I"" .t:>. ".

(17)