美國法院對於標示之識別性的見解與重要判例分析

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(1)1. * **. MANA Abercrombie Vitarroz Two Pesos DURACO US Shoe Corporation. * 2002 ** ***. 28. 2002. 3. 3. 28. 46. ***.

(2) 2. ( 2). ( ). (1). (2) (3). (4). (5) (6). 43. (a). ( 1). Friendly. Abercrombie v. Hunting(. 3). Abercrombie (generic). (descriptive). (suggestive). (arbitrary). (fanciful). 1 2 3. Two Pesos. Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc., 505 U.S. 763, 112 S.Ct. 2753, 2760, 120 L.Wd.2d 615 ( 1992 ) (a) Centaur Communications, Limited v. A/S/M Communications, Inc., 830 F.2d 1217, 1222 ( 2d Cir. 1987 ) Abercrombie & Fitch Co. v. Hunting World, Inc., 537 F.2d 4, 9 (2d Cir.1976) apple Apple-A-Day Tomapple. 2002. 3. 43. 29.

(3) 3. Two Pesos (. McNeil-P.P.C.. 43. Bristol-Myers v.. 4). 1905. ( 11). (a) ( 5). ( 6). Learned Hand (. 12). ( 7). (. 8). ( 9). ( 13). Aluminum Fabricating All Window (. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14. 30. Season-. ( 14). 10). Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. v. McNeil-P.P.C., Inc., 973 F.2d 1033, 1038- 39 (2d Cir.1992) Two Pesos Bristol-Myers Fisons Horticulture, Inc. v. Vigoro Indus., Inc., 30 F.3d 466,478 (3d Cir.1994); Canfield Co. v. Honickman, 808 F.2d 297, 296-97, (3d Cir. 1986) Two Pesos Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co., 305 U.S. 111,116-19,59 S.Ct. 109, 112-1483 L.Ed. 73 (1938); Singer Mfg.Co. v. June Mfg. Co., 163 U.S.169, 186, 16S.Ct.1002, 1008, 41L.Ed.118 (1896) Two Pesos Two Pesos Inwood Labs., Inc. v, Ives Labs., Inc., 456 U.S. 844,851 n. 11,102 S.Ct. 2182,2187 n. 11,72 L.Ed.2d.606 (1982) Orange Crush Co. v. CaliforniaCrushed Fruit Co. (54 U.S.App.D.C. 313, 297 F.892 (1924)) Franklin Kintting Mills, Inc. v. Fashion Sweater Mills, Inc. (297 F.247, 248(2 Cir.1923),aff'd percuriam,4 F. 2D. 1018(2 Cir.1925)) Stix Products, Inc. V.United Merchants &Manufacturers Inc., (295 F.Supp.479,488 (S.D.N.Y.1968) General Shoe Corp. v. Rosen (111 F.2d 95, 98(4th Cir. 1940)) 259 F.2d. 314(2, Cir. 1958). 2002. 3.

(4) 4. Kohnstam Louis Marx. (. 18). (. 19). ( 15). Chevton(. 20). Abercrombie ( 16). ( 17). 15 16 17 18 19. 20. Haughton Elevator Co. v. eeberger, U.S.P.Q. (1950) Delaware & Hudson Canal Co. v. Clark 80 U.S.(13Wall) 311,323,20 L.Ed.(1872) s 2(f), 15U.S.C. s1052(f) 280 F.2d 437 ,440 ,47 CCPA 1080(1960) Weiss Noodle Co. v. Golden Cracknel and Specialty Co., 290 F.2d 845, 48 CCPA 1004(961) CES Publishing Corp. V. St. Regis Publications, Inc. 531 F.2d 11 (1975) 1920 Armstrong Paint & Vanish Works v. Nu-Enamel Corp., 305 U.S. 315, 59S. Ct. 191, 83S.Ed. 195(1938) Chevton Chemical Co. v. Voluntary Purchasing Groups, Inc. 659 F.2d 695, 700-02 (5th Cir. 1981). 2002. 3. 31.

(5) 5. (. 21). Two Pesos (. 23). Merchant & Evans. (. (. 24). 22). Two Pesos26. 43. (a). (. 21. 22. 23 24 25. 32. 25). Computer Care v. Service Sys. Ennter., Inc., 982 F.2d 1063, 1067 (9th Cir. 1993) International Jensen, Inc. V. Metrosound U.S.A., Inc., 4 F.3d 819,822-823(9th Cir. 1993); Woodsmith Publishing Co.v. Meredith Corp., 904 F.2D1244, 1247 (8th Cir. 1990);Stormy Clime Ltd. V. ProGroup, Inc., 809 F.2d971,974 (2d Cir. 1987); Ambrit, Inc. V. Kraft, Inc., 812 F.2d 1531,1535(11th Cir. 1986); John H. Harland Co. V. Clarke Checks, Inc., 711 F.2d 966, 980 (11th Cir. 1983) Merchant & Evans, 963 F.2d at 633 ( American Home Prods. Corp. v. Barr Labs., Inc., 834 F.2d 368, 370 (3d Cir. 1987)) American Greetins Corp., 807 F.2d at 1141; Standard Terry Mill, Inc. v. Shen Mfg. CO., 803 F.2d 778,780 (3d Cir. 1986) estatement(Third) of Unfair Competition 13 Blisscraft of Hollywood v. United Plastics Co., 294 F.2d 694, 697 ( 2d Cir. 1961) Merchant & Evans, 963 F.2d at 634-35. 2002. 3.

(6) 6. (. ). (. 27). Two Pesos. (Lanham Act). 43. (a). 43 43. (a). (. & Evans( 43. (a). 28). Merchant. 29). (a). (product configuration) (. 26 27 28 29. 26). First Brands Corp. v. Fred Meyer, Inc., 809 F.2d 1378, 1383 (9th Cir. 1987) Aromatique, 28 F.3d at 871 ; Woodsmith Publishing Co., 904 F.2d at 1249; International Kennel Club, Inc., v. Mighty Star, Inc., 846 F.2d 1079, 1086 (7th Cir.1988) American Greeings Corp. V. Dan-Dee Imports, Inc., 807 F.2d 1136, 1140 (3d Cir.1986) Merchant & Evans v. Gold Seal Inc., 28 F.3d 863, 868 (8th Cir. 1994). 2002. 3. 33.

(7) 7. (. 30). 43. (a). ( 32). ( 33). Two Pesos. Abercrombie (. 30 31. 32 33 34. 34. 31). Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc., 505 U.S. 763 International Jensen, 4 F.3d at 824 (. (. 34). ,112 S.Ct. 2753,2760,120 L.Ed.2d.615 (1992). ) Braun, Inc., 975 F.2d at 826-27; First Brands Corp., 809 F.2d at 1383; American Footwear Corp. V. General Footwear Co., 609 F.2d 655, 663 (2d Cir. 1979) Sinco, 105 F.2d at 453( Stuart Hall, 31 U.S.P.Q.2d at 1470&n.2 ( ) Martin P. Hoffman, Trade Dress/Product Simulation Overview, C913 ALI-ABA 219, 222 (1994) ["( ) "]. 2002. 3.

(8) 8. (. (. ). (. 36). ) ( 37). ( 35). 1946. (. ) 1985 35. 36. 37. Jay Dratler, Jr., ( ) Ralph S. Brown, Design Protection: An Overv, 34 UCLA L.REV. 1337, 1380(1987); Melissa R. Gleiberman, Note, From Fast Food to Fast Cars: Overbroad Protection of Product Trade Dress Under Section 43(a)of the Lanham Act, 45 STAN.L.REV.2037, 2042-43(1993) Willian H. Browne, A Treatise on the Law of TradeMarks 130, at 87(1873)( ) Computer Care, 982 F.2d at 1069; Hoffman, Trade Dress/Product Simulation Overview, C913 ALI-ABA at 222 ( ) Davis v. Davis, 27 F.490, 492. 2002. 3. 35.

(9) 9. (3). plumeria. 1988. 33. (b) (4). (fair use) (1). Owens-Corning(. 38). (2) (3) ( 39) (. 40). (1) (2). NBC. 38. In re Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp., 774 F.2d 1116, 1127 (Fed Cir. 1985). 39 40. Eli Lilly & Co. v. Revlon, Inc., 557 F.Supp. 477, 486 (1983) Abercrombie & Fitch Co. v. Hunting World, Inc., 537 F.2d 4, 12 (2d Cir. 1976) Wonder Labs, Inc. v. Procter & Gamble Co., 728 F.Supp. 1058, 1064 (S.D.N.Y. 1990) Charles of the Ritz Group, Ltd. V. Marcon Ltd., 635 F.Supp. 158, 160-161 (S.D.N.Y. 1986). 36. 2002. 3.

(10) 10. (generic) (descriptive). Mana. Co-. lumbia Mana. 1990. 8. 28. ( ). US Shoe co.. Mana Mana. Columbia. Mana MANA(. 41). Mana. Columbia. Mana. Mana. Columbia. Mana 1979. 1982. Columbia. Mana (Rosen). 1982. Columbia. Mana. Columbia. Mana. Mana 41. MANA PRODUCTS INC. v. COLUMBIA COSMETICS MFG., INC., United States Court of Appeals, 1995. 2002. 3. 37.

(11) 11. Mana Mana Safari. Safari Safari Rosen( Mana. ). 300. A&F Safari 37 Mana 358,781 HW. Abercrombie(. Safari Newsletter. 42). Safari. Abercrombie & Fitch Company( A&F). Hunting World, Incor-. porated(. HW). Safari. 42. 38. Minisafari. Camel Safari Safari Chukka HW. News. HW. Safari. Safari. Safari Safariland. A&F. Safariland. Hippo Safariland A&F. Safari. ABERCROMBIE & FITCH COMPANY v. HUNTING WORLD, INCORPORATED (Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, 1976). 2002. 3.

(12) 12. A&F. HW. Hippo Safari. Camel Safari. Sa-. Chukka Safari. fari. A&F Vitarroz(. HW Safari. 45). Vitarroz 34 (b) (4). Borden 1981 Vitarroz. New York. New Jersey. 4,000 (. 43). 703,279. 1976 7 (. 44). Vitarroz. BRAVO'S. Vitarroz. BRAVO. BRAVO Safari cloth Bermuda shorts. Vitarroz. Safari. BRAVO'S Safari. 43. HW 1959. Lee Expeditions, Ltd., Safari Today. 1976. 45. Vitarroz. BRAVO'S. 1959. Import Co., 428 F.2d.1079,1081-1082 (1970) HW Chukka Venetianaire Feathercombs 44. 11. 8. Robert Lee Safari Venetianaire Corp. of America v. A&P Camel Safari Hippo Safari Safari ". ". Safari 1905 Drittel v.Friedman,154 F.2d 653,654(2 Cir. 1946) Best & Co. v. Miller,,167 F.2d 374,376-77(2 Cir.1948) Vitarroz Corp. v. Borden, Inc., 644 F.2d 960 (The Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit, 1981).. 2002. 3. 39.

(13) 13. 1979. 5. Vitarroz. Borden. BRAVO'S VITARROZ. Borden. BRAVO'S. Borden. 130. BRAVOS. Borden. New Jersey. Columbus City. Ohio. Borden. Vitarroz. Vitarroz. New York. Borden. BRAVOS. WISE. 1979 250. 1980. 280 Borden 1978. Borden. WISE. BRAVOS. 900. Vitarroz. 20 Vitarroz. BRAVOS. Vitarroz BRAVO'S. Borden. Vitarroz. BRAVOS. Vitarroz BRAVO'S Borden. 1979. Two Pesos. BRAVOS BORDEN. WISE. Taco Cabana, Inc. 1978. 1979 Borden's. Vitarroz BRAVOS. Vitarroz. 40. 2002. 3. 1985 Taco Cabana. BRAVO'S BRAVO. San Antonio.

(14) 14. Taco Cabana Two Poses Two Poses. Taco. Cabana 1985. 12. Two Pesos, Inc.. Houston. Taco Cabana San Antonio. Two Pesos. Houston. 1986 Houston. Austin. Two Poses Two Poses. Two Poses. Dallas. El Paso. Taco Cabana 1987. Taco Cabana. (United. States District Court for the Southern District of Texas) Act). Two Pesos 43. Two Poses. (Lanham. (a) Taco Cabana. Two Poses Taco Cabana. (secondary meaning) (likelihood of confusion) Taco Cabana DURACO( Taco Cabana. Duraco Products Inc.( Two Poses. 46. 46). Duraco). DURACO PRODUCTS, INC., Appellant, v. JOY PLASTIC ENTERPRISES, LTD., d/b/a Backyard Products; Travis Products, Inc., 40 F.3d 1431 (Court of Appeals, Third Circuit, 1994). 2002. 3. 41.

(15) 13. ". ). (Grecian Classic)". 3,. 500. Gay Ultimate Urns. 12 18. 10. Joy. mate Urns. Ulti-. Duraco. 15. Duraco Duraco. 12. 18. Duraco. Joy Duraco. Duraco Duraco Duraco Duraco Duraco. Joy. Duraco. "Garden Scene" Duraco 0.5%. 43. "Duraco". 1125(a). (a). 15 U.S.C.A.. Joy. Duraco Joy Plastic Enterprise, Ltd. (. Joy). Joy. "Backyard. Product". Abercrombie. "Ultimate Urns" Joy. Joy. Duraco. Gay. 1987. 1988. K-Mart. Duraco. Duraco Gay Duraco Gay 47. 42. (. 47). (. In re Molded acoustical Prods., Inc.,18 F.3d 217,222 & n.7. 2002. 3. Duraco.

(16) 14. Joy. Duraco. Duraco Duraco Duraco. Backyard Product. Duraco (. Cotswold. 49). Duraco Duraco. Duraco Duraco Duraco. (. 48). Duraco 1988. Clarke's OSEWEZ. Celia Clarke Duraco. (sewing thread and embroidery yarn) Clarke. 48 49. Aromatique, 28 F.3d at 871 ; Woodsmith Publishing Co., 904 F.2d at 1249; International Kennel Club, Inc., v. Mighty Star, Inc., 846 F.2d 1079, 1086 (7th Cir.1988). 2002. 3. 43.

(17) 15. (. 50). Clarke (. 52). Clarke (functional) ( (. Clarke. ). 51) (. Clarke Qualitex. 53). 1950. Clarke ( Clarke. 1633711 ) 1989 Jacobson Products. (inherently distinctive). ( 54) (. 55). Qualitex (. 50. 56). The mark is a high impact, fresh, floral fragrance reminiscent of Plumeria blossoms. 51 52 53 54 55 56. 44. 1988. 10. 18. 758,429. 1946 In re Clarke v. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, 17 U.S.P.Q.2d 1238 (P.T. O.T.T.A.B., 1990) 21 U.S.P.Q.2d 1457, 1991,WL 318798 (CD Cal. 1991) 13 F.3d 1297, 1300, 1302 (1994) QUALITEX CO. v. JACOBSON PRODUCTS CO., INC., 115 S.Ct. 1300, 131 L.Ed.2d 248, 63 USLW W227, 34 U.S.P.Q.2d 1611 (Supreme Court, 1995). 2002. 3.

(18) 16. (Easy Spirit dress pump). 1988. D'Arcy. Townwalker. (a sneaker in a pump) (functionality doctrine) Townwalker US Shoe Corporation(. 57). US Shoe Corporation Brown Group Inc. (pump) (sneaker). 1987 8. (Easy Spirit) (walking shoes). 10. (Walk Our Way From Naturalizer). NaturalSport Townwalker 57. The United States Shoe Corporation v. Brown Group, Inc., 740 F.Supp. 196, 15 U.S.P.Q.2d 1138, Civ. 0907 (United States District Court, S.D. New York, 1990). 2002. 3. 45.

(19) 17. ( 58). 58. 46. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences v. Creative House Promotions, Inc., 728 F.Supp. 1442 (C.D.Cal. 1989) Ideal Toy Corp. v. Kenner Products, 443 F.Supp. 291, 305, 308 (S.D.N.Y. 1977). 2002. 3.

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