嘉義地區荔枝園荔枝細蛾與東方果實蠅危害調查

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(1)台灣農業研究 (J. Taiwan Agric. Res.) 57(2):143–152 (2008). 荔枝細蛾與果實蠅危害. 嘉義地區荔枝園荔枝細蛾與東方果實蠅危害調查. 143. 1. 洪士程2 何坤耀2,4 陳健忠3 摘. 要. 洪士程、何坤耀、陳健忠。2008。嘉義地區荔枝園荔枝細蛾與東方果實蠅危害調查。台灣農業研究。57:143–152。 2004 年嘉義農試分所，在嘉義地區實施荔枝園之荔枝細蛾與東方果實蠅之危害調查。不同荔枝品種在施藥防治區與未施藥區，受荔枝細蛾 (Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley) 之被害果率，各為 7.5–47%與 88.5%。有實施防治之黑葉、糯米糍及 71-3-13 等荔枝品種較具抵抗性，黑葉品種在不同果實期，受細蛾危害之比率維持在 8–16.5%間。在施藥區及未施藥區樹上果之荔枝細蛾，平均危害率，分別為 29.2%及 60.7%，而東方果實蠅 [Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)] 之危害率則分別為 2.6%及 12.1%，由上因施藥可使樹上果實，顯著降低兩種害蟲之危害，因在 5–6 月間，東方果實蠅族群已進入高峰期，此時落果受其危害最高可達 35.3%。已確定在成熟之荔枝果實上，只要有細蛾蛀孔，就可能會被果實蠅產卵危害，所以於果實期，若能做好荔枝細蛾之防治，即能同時降低東方果實蠅的危害。另外，以性費洛蒙大量誘殺或寄生蜂 (Phanerotoma sp.) 綜合防治荔枝細蛾之功效並不佳。關鍵詞︰荔枝、荔枝細蛾、東方果實蠅、危害。. 前. 言. 荔枝細蛾 (Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley) 又稱果實蛀蟲 (fruit borer)，為荔枝最關鍵之害蟲 (Hung et al. 2006)，而東方果實蠅 [Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)] 則為一般果樹的重要害蟲 (Chu & Chen 1985; Ho 1985)。依近年來果農反應，發現在荔枝果實成熟期，常遭受果實蠅產卵危害，此現象過去較少發生。荔枝為東方果實蠅之寄主，已有 Chu & Chen (1985) 及 Norrbom & Kim (1988) 等多人報導，但也有荔枝不受果實蠅類危害之報告 (Stanley 1998; Walter et al. 1999)。經初步觀察，東方果實蠅會在荔枝近成熟時，選擇果皮有蛀孔或破損之果實產卵危害，然而在有定期噴藥防治荔枝細蛾之果園，則受果實蠅危害較輕。故針對近年果實蠅危害荔枝之現象，是否因荔枝園對荔枝細蛾防治管理不善，或遭金龜子等其他害蟲共同危害所造成，實有待進一步探討。 1. 2. 3. 4.. 行政院農業委員會農業試驗所研究報告第 2322 號，接受日期：97 年 6 月 24 日。嘉義分所植物保護系助理研究員、副研究員。台灣嘉義市。本所應用動物組研究員。台灣台中縣霧峰鄉。通訊作者，電子郵件：kunyawho@dns.caes.gov.tw；傳真機：(05)2773630。.

(2) 144. 台灣農業研究. 第 57 卷. 第2期. 荔枝果實成熟期在每年 6 月，剛好與東方果實蠅之發生盛期相吻合。因荔枝細蛾在此時期必定會發生危害 (Hung et al. 2006)，其所造成被害果實上的蛀孔傷口，便留給果實蠅有可乘之機，導致果實蠅再度產卵危害，故兩者之危害可說是狼狽為奸、相輔相成，何等 (2007) 在農業試驗所技術服務季刋第 69 期曾對此作詳細探討 (未列入引用文獻)。因東方果實蠅為水果外銷上之重要檢疫害蟲，故荔枝園之害蟲防治工作，具有相當密切的關連性，亦即需同時作好荔枝細蛾及東方果實蠅之管理。另外，在荔枝細蛾的綜合防治策略上，能否配合費洛蒙作有效的偵測及誘殺，或是利用天敵寄生蜂作生物防治 (Lall & Sharma 1978; Lim et al. 1982; Hwang 1988; Hwang & Hung 1993)，亦將在本報告中進行測試調查。. 材料與方法不同荔枝品種受荔枝細蛾及果實蠅危害之被害率調查於 2004 年 6 月間，在嘉義農試分所的水源地荔枝園，調查黑葉 (Black-leaf)、糯米糍 (Nome)、 71-3-13、71-3-15 及 77-S-3 等不同品種施藥區之荔枝果實 (自謝花後每週施用 2.4%第滅寧水懸劑 1500 倍，共施五次，另含一區無施藥的黑葉品種作對照)。將每園區分成四重複小區，每小區各逢機摘取 50 粒樹上果，攜回室內逐粒切開檢查是否有遭荔枝細蛾及東方果實蠅之危害。分別記錄細蛾及果實蠅之危害果數，其中又將果實蠅之危害，分成含有卵、1–2 齡幼蟲 (幼齡期) 及 3–4 齡幼蟲 (老齡期) 兩組。將各組求得之被害率，先經 Sin-1 轉角後，再以鄧肯氏多變域分析法 (DMRT) 比較各平均值在 5%下之差異顯著性。. 荔枝黑葉品種不同時期之被害率調查與上同時期於嘉義分所的水源地黑葉荔枝園 (有施藥管理區) 調查荔枝細蛾與東方果實蠅之危害果數，每週亦在四重複區各取 50 粒樹上果攜回室內檢查。自 2004 年 6 月 2 日至 23 日連續進行四週，記錄及分析方法皆同上。. 施藥區與未施藥區之被害率比較於 2006 及 2007 年 5–6 月間在嘉義分所有施藥防治 (施藥情形如同上述) 與未施藥之荔枝園，各選取三重複小區，每小區逢機摘取 50 粒樹上果及撿取 50 粒地上落果，分別調查荔枝細蛾與東方果實蠅之危害果數，並作差異性分析。. 成熟落果之被害與其他害蟲調查於 2006 年 6 月 14 日，在嘉義分所未施藥之荔枝園，撿取完全成熟之落果，逢機挑出只有蛀孔與同時有裂口之果實各 50 粒，各作三重複，調查其荔枝細蛾、東方果實蠅與隱翅蟲、小果蠅之數目，並以學生氏 t-test 比較平均值，探討其發生危害之相關性。. 荔枝園東方果實蠅之發生調查於 2003 至 2004 年間在嘉義分所之荔枝園懸掛渦旋式誘蠅器 (安啦®，Ho et al. 2003) 3 只，各距約 50 m。每旬調查一次，每月累計甲基丁香油誘殺之雄蟲數，作為偵測瞭解整年東方果實蠅在荔枝園內之發生密度。.

(3) 荔枝細蛾與果實蠅危害. 145. 性費洛蒙誘殺荔枝細蛾之效果評估於 2006 及 2007 年 5–6 月間分別在嘉義分所有施藥防治與未施藥防治之荔枝園，在各三重複小區中懸掛翼形誘蟲盒各一個 (由農業藥物毒物試驗所提供，內含可可細蛾性費洛蒙線條餌劑)，每兩週更新蟲盒，每月增加一條餌劑，每週記錄誘殺之荔枝細蛾蟲數。. 荔枝細蛾寄生蜂寄生率調查於 2006 及 2007 年 5–6 月間亦分別在嘉義分所有施藥防治與未施藥之荔枝園，亦由各三重複小區中，每小區逢機撿取落果 50 粒，攜回室內置於細尼龍紗網袋中，其下鋪紙巾以保持乾燥，讓其細蛾、寄生蜂在網內自行羽化，三週後收集計算乾死之寄生蜂數目，並以一果一蟲估算寄生率。. 結. 果. 不同荔枝品種受荔枝細蛾及果實蠅危害之被害率由表 1 中可見荔枝細蛾及東方果實蠅，在不同荔枝品種之危害率有顯著性差異 (P = 0.05)。荔枝細蛾之危害率，在施藥防治區為 7.5–47%，未施藥區 88.5%；果實蠅之危害率 (含卵、幼齡及老齡幼蟲)，在兩區則分別為 0–4.5%與 10%。其中以未施藥之黑葉品種受兩種害蟲之危害率最高，其次者為有施藥之 77-S-3 及 71-3-15，有施藥之黑葉及糯米品種被害最低。. 黑葉品種不同果實期之被害率調查結果在有施用第滅寧防治之黑葉品種園之荔枝細蛾，全期造成之蛀果率平均為 11.4%，而遭東方果實蠅之危害果率平均僅為 0.6% (表 2)。其中不同時期之蛀果率維持在 8–16.5%，果實中後期較多被害，而以最後一次調查顯著較少 (P = 0.05)。在最末期亦僅有極低的幼齡期果實蠅，會在此有施藥防治之果園中危害。. 施藥區與未施藥區果實之被害率於施藥區與未施藥區兩種害蟲之樹上果被害率如表 3，採自地上之落果被害率則列於表 4。由 2006 年之調查結果，樹上果有施藥則兩種蟲害皆顯著較少 (P = 0.05)，平均各為 42.5%及 3.9%，而在未施藥區則分別為 86.2%及 14.3%。落果則在施藥與未施區發生之蟲害皆較多，於 2006 年在施藥區之蛀蟲果率及果實蠅危害率平均分別為 84.7%及 18.9%，而未施藥區則分別為 93%及 16.2%。2007 年之調查結果與 2006 年相似，若將 2006 及 2007 年之樹上果被害率平均，則可得知在施藥區及未施藥區之荔枝細蛾危害率為 29.2%及 60.7%，而東方果實蠅之危害率則分別為 2.6%及 12.1%。. 成熟落果之被害與其他害蟲之相關在有蛀孔之落果 (即已遭細蛾危害者) 調查中，發現另外增加之裂口並未能顯著 (P = 0.05) 提高果實蠅原本 17%之危害率 (表 5)，顯示果實蠅僅需有蛀孔就能在果實產卵危害。另如隱翅蟲 (Rove beetle) 則在只有細蛾蛀孔之果實上並不能造成危害，必需要再有其他裂縫才能造成 2.5%之產卵危害。而小果蠅 (Drosophila spp.)，也要在有其他裂口之果實上才會造成 7.5 倍顯著嚴重的危害。.

(4) 146. 台灣農業研究. 第 57 卷. 第2期. 表 1. 於 2004 年嘉義分所荔枝不同品種果實受荔枝細蛾及東方果實蠅危害之被害果率調查 Table 1. Percentage of damaged fruits in different litchi varieties caused by fruit borer and fruit fly at Chiayi Station, 2004 Oriental fruit fly (%) Litchi variety (treatment). Litchi fruit borer (%). Black-leaf (sprayed) y. With eggs + young larva. 8.5 c x. Nome (sprayed) 71-3-13 (sprayed). With old larva. 0b. 0b. Total z 0b. 7.5 c. 0b. 0b. 0b. 12.5 c. 0b. 0b. 0b. 71-3-15 (sprayed). 21.0 c. 2.5 ab. 2.0 ab. 4.5 ab. 77-S-3 (sprayed). 47.0 b. 2.0 b. 0.5 b. 2.5 b. Black-leaf (unsprayed). 88.5 a. 5.0 a. 5.0 a. 10.0 a. z. Total of the 1–2 stage young larva and 3–4 stage old larva. y Sprayed with 2.4% Deltamethrin 1500-fold, 5 times, in 7–10 days intervals. x Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.. 表 2. 於 2004 年嘉義分所黑葉品種不同時期果實受荔枝細蛾及東方果實蠅危害之被害率調查 Table 2. Percentage of damaged fruits of Black-leaf litchi variety by fruit borer and fruit fly surveyed on different dates at Chiayi Station, 2004 Date (mo/day). Oriental fruit fly (%) Litchi fruit borer (%). Total z 0 0. 6/2. 8.5 ab. 6/9. 12.5 ab. 0b. With old larva 0a 0a. 6/16. 16.5 a. 0b. 0a. 0. 6/23. 8.0 b. 2.5 a. 0a. 2.5. 0.6. 0. 0.6. Average. With eggs + young larva 0b. y. 11.4. z. Total of the 1–2 stage young larva and 3–4 stage old larva. y Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.. 表 3. 於 2006 (2007) 年施藥與未施藥荔枝園樹上果實受荔枝細蛾及東方果實蠅危害之被害果率調查 Table 3. Percentage of damaged fruits on litchi trees caused by fruit borer and fruit fly in the pesticide-sprayed and unsprayed orchards, 2006 and 2007 Date (mo/day) 5/17. Litchi fruit borer (%) z. Sprayed 39.3 (9.2) y. Oriental fruit fly (%). Unsprayed 66.0 (24.8). Sprayed 0 (---). 78.7 (56.2). Unsprayed 0 (---). 5/24. 30.0 (8.4). 3.0 (1.9). 11.0 (1.3). 5/31. 56.7 (26.8). 100. (22.4). 2.7 (0.7). 20.0 (14.0). 6/7. 44.0 (19.2). 100. (37.4). 10.0 (1.3). 26.0 (14.1). Av x. 42.5 (15.9) b. z. 86.2 (35.2) a. 3.9 (1.3) d. Sprayed with 2.4% Deltamethrin 1500-fold, 5 times, in 7–10 days intervals. Data in parentheses were collected in 2007 at about the same stages in 2006. x Means within the row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT. y. 14.3 (9.8) c.

(5) 荔枝細蛾與果實蠅危害. 147. 表 4. 於 2006 (2007) 年施藥與未施藥荔枝園落果受荔枝細蛾及東方果實蠅危害之被害果率調查 Table 4. Percentage of fruit drops caused by fruit borer and fruit fly in the pesticide-sprayed and unsprayed litchi orchards, 2006 and 2007 Litchi fruit borer (%). Date (mo/day). Sprayed. z. Oriental fruit fly (%). Unsprayed. Sprayed. Unsprayed. 5/10. 50.5 (40.2) y. 71.3 (75.1). 2.7 (---). 0. (---). 5/17. 83.3 (35.9). 90.1 (46.9). 0. 0. (---). 5/24. 79.3 (49.3). 97.3 (89.1). 35.3 (---). 24.7 (---). 99.3 (98.5). 28.5 (6.7). 23.7 (10.0). (---). 5/31. 100. (94.1). 6/7. 100. (100). 100. (79.8). 29.6 (18.7). 28.1 (20.0). 94.8 (100). 100. (79.8). 17.0 (7.3). 20.7 (9.9). 18.9 (10.9) b. 16.2 (13.3) b. 6/14 Av. x. 84.7 (69.9) a. 93.0 (78.2) a. z. Sprayed with 2.4% Deltamethrin 1500-fold, 5 times, in 7–10 days intervals. Data in parentheses were collected in 2007 at about the same stages in 2006. x Means within the row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT. y. 表 5. 未施藥區成熟的荔枝落果受不同害蟲之被害果率調查 Table 5. Percentage of ripened fruits fallen on the ground showing injury by insect pests in an unsprayed litchi orchard Fruit damaged by insects (%). Treatment (fruits). Litchi fruit borer. Oriental fruit fly. Rove beetles. With borer’s pore and a crack. 100 a z. 17.5 a. 2.5 a. Only with a borer’s pore. 100 a. 17.0 a. 0b. z. Drosophila spp. 22.5 a 3.0 b. Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by t-test.. 荔枝園東方果實蠅之發生消長由圖 1 可見東方果實蠅在嘉義分所荔枝園之發生情形，其族群在 1–2 月間維持最低，自 3 月底密度逐漸上升，4–5 月間急速上升，7–8 月間維持較高峰。9–10 間密度開始急遽下滑，11 月底至 12 月初族群已降至低谷狀態。. 性費洛蒙誘殺荔枝細蛾之效果在 2006 年荔枝果實後期於施藥區及未施藥區，利用性費洛蒙全期所誘得之荔枝細蛾成蟲密度皆很低，平均每誘蟲盒每週僅分別誘得 2.1 及 3.1 隻，統計上 (P = 0.05) 並無顯著差異。若再與 2007 年之調查結果為 4.7 及 3.1 隻平均，則各為 3.4 及 3.1 隻 (表 6)。然此時期荔枝落果之平均細蛾危害率可能高達 84.7–93% (表 4)，亦即在田間荔枝細蛾之族群密度相當高。.

(6) 148. 台灣農業研究. 第 57 卷. 第2期. 圖 1. 於 2003–2004 年嘉義分所荔枝園東方果實蠅發生消長圖。 Fig. 1. Fluctuation of population of the Oriental fruit fly in litchi orchard at Chiayi Station, 2003–2004. 表 6. 於 2006 (2007) 年果實後期以性費洛蒙誘殺荔枝細蛾之效果調查 Table 6. The effectiveness of pheromone for attracting litchi fruit borer during the late fruiting stages, 2006 and 2007 Date (mo/day). No. adult fruit borers/trap/week Sprayed orchard y. z. Unsprayed orchard. 5/10. 0.3 (3.4). 5/17. 0.7 (6.2). 3.3 (6.1). 5/24. 3.0 (3.4). 2.3 (4.3). 5/31. 3.0 (3.7). 5.3 (2.6). 6/7. 2.0 (3.7). 1.3 (0.6). 6/14. 3.3 (7.7). 5.7 (1.6). Av x. 2.1 (4.7) a. 3.1 (3.1) a. z. 0.7 (3.5). Sprayed with 2.4% Deltamethrin 1500-fold, 5 times, in 7–10 days intervals. Data in the parentheses were collected in 2007 at about the same stages in 2006. x Means within the row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT. y.

(7) 荔枝細蛾與果實蠅危害. 149. 荔枝細蛾寄生蜂之寄生率寄生荔枝細蛾幼蟲之寄生蜂經農業藥物毒物試驗所洪巧珍博士協助鑑定，得知最主要者為 Phanerotoma sp.。由表 7 中可見在 2006 年之調查期間在施藥區之寄生率為 0%，而在未施藥區採集此種寄生蜂之寄生率平均亦僅有 13.4%，由最初之 38%逐漸遞減至最後之 0%。在 2007 年之調查結果亦類似，而在未施藥區之寄生率平均亦僅為 7.1%。在統計上 (P = 0.05)，未施藥區之寄生率較施藥區顯著為高。. 討. 論. 由不同荔枝品種被害調查 (表 1) 中顯示，細蛾蛀果率高則果實蠅危害率亦高的趨勢。依此在防治此兩種害蟲之危害策略上，應可選擇栽植較具抗性之黑葉及糯米糍品種，並作好對蛀蟲之施藥防治，即可同時減少果實蠅之危害。從兩年之調查可見未施藥區之樹上果被害率高，致使落果之被害率亦高，在 5–6 月之果實蠅族群高峰期，即荔枝果實中後期，竟可產生 17–35.3%之果實蠅危害率 (表 4)。而落果之調查結果顯示，在 2006 及 2007 兩年之情形相類似，平均兩年荔枝細蛾在施藥區及未施藥區之危害率各為 77.3 及 85.6%，而東方果實蠅之危害則各為 14.9 及 14.8% (表 4)。即遭受此兩種害蟲之危害率皆很高，且明顯高於樹上果之危害率。此可能因這兩種害蟲之危害會造成荔枝落果，而這兩種害蟲亦能在落果中再繼續生存。有細蛾蛀孔之落果調查發現，除了細蛾之蛀孔外，其他裂縫傷口並未能顯著增加荔枝受果實蠅之危害率，亦即由金龜子取食或其他傷害裂口所引起之果實蠅危害並不嚴重。因此果實蠅對荔枝之危害，實應歸類為第二次性危害，由此可知在果實蠅發生盛期，只要能做好荔枝細蛾之防治，即能降低果實蠅之危害。又由荔枝園東方果實蠅之發生調查 (圖 1) 得知，5–6 月間果實蠅之發生高峰. 表 7. 於 2006 (2007) 年嘉義分所荔枝細蛾寄生蜂寄生率 Table 7. The parasitic rate of parasite of the fruit borer in litchi orchards at Chiayi Station, 2006 and 2007 Date (mo/day). Fruit with parasite (Phanerotoma sp., %) Sprayed treatment z y. Unsprayed treatment. 5/10. 0 (0.7). 5/17. 0 (0). 18.7 (9.8). 5/24. 0 (0). 16.7 (16.6). 5/31. 0 (0). 4.7 (2.1). 6/7. 0 (0). 2.0 (3.1). 0 (0). 0. 6/14 Av z. x. 0 (0.1) b. 38.0 (11.1). 13.4 (7.1) a. Sprayed with 2.4% Deltamethrin 1500-fold, 5 times, in 7–10 days intervals. Data in the parentheses were collected in 2007 at about the same stages in 2006. x Means within the row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT. y. (0).

(8) 150. 台灣農業研究. 第 57 卷. 第2期. 期剛好配合荔枝果實成熟與細蛾之發生期，因而往往會造成較高比率之果實被果實蠅產卵危害。然而可得知，荔枝果實後期對果實蠅危害之防治重點在荔枝細蛾，而非針對東方果實蠅本身。又由果實之被害率 (表 4) 及性費洛蒙之誘蟲數 (表 6) 之調查結果可知，在落果荔枝細蛾危害高達 69.9–93%之情況下，以可可細蛾性費洛蒙誘得之荔枝細蛾成蟲，每週每誘蟲盒僅 2.1–4.7 隻，亦即誘殺效果非常低。依 Hung et al. (2006) 之報導，此種可可細蛾之性費洛蒙確可用來誘集荔枝細蛾，但欲在此時期利用此種費洛蒙作為防治之工具則幾乎無任何效果可言。因為在台灣之荔枝產區 (含嘉義)，荔枝細蛾幾乎每年都會百分之百危害，而目前多只能靠噴藥防治此種害蟲。在有施藥之果園內此種細蛾的寄生蜂很難存活，尤其在荔枝果實期更需加強防治荔枝細蛾，故在田間寄生蜂密度更低，如此根本無法發揮生物防治之功效 (Hwang 1988; Hwang & Hung 1993)。綜上，東方果實蠅確可伴隨荔枝細蛾之發生而增強危害，故結果期應在荔枝園配合利用蛋白質水解物等誘殺東方果實蠅，並作好荔枝細蛾之藥劑防治工作，便能減少荔枝蛀果再次被果實蠅產卵危害之機會，如此即可以避免荔枝外銷檢疫上的麻煩。. 引用文獻 (Literature cited) Chu, Y. I. and C. J. Chen. 1985. Records of non-cultivated host plant of the Oriental fruit fly. Phytopathol. Entomol. 12:63–77. (in Chinese with English abstract) Ho, K. Y. 1985. The major insect pests of citrus crops at Chia-Yi region. Phytopathol. Entomol. 12:52–62. (in Chinese with English abstract) Ho, K. Y., S. C. Hung, C. C. Chen, and H. J. Lee. 2003. The effectiveness of victor fly trap for attracting the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Agric. Res. China 52:62–67. (in Chinese with English abstract) Hung, C. C., J. S. Hwang, and H. Y. Wang. 2006. Survey of Lepidopterous pests of litchi and longan in Taiwan. Formosan Entomol. 26:27–44. (in Chinese with English abstract) Hwang, J. S. 1988. The ecology and control of major insect pests of litchi and longan tree fruits in Taiwan. Chinese J. Entomol. Spec. Pub. 2:33–42. (in Chinese with English abstract) Hwang, J. S. and C. C. Hung. 1993. Control of the litchi fruit borer, Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley, with bagging method and insecticides. Plant Prot. Bull. 35:225–238. (in Chinese with English abstract) Lall, B. S. and D. D. Sharma. 1978. Studies on the bionomics and control of the cacao moth Acrocercops cramerella Snellen (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Pesticides 12(2):40–42. Lim, G. T., E. B. Tay, T. C. Pang, and K. Y. Pan. 1982. The biology of cocoa pod borer, Acrocercops cramerella Snellen and its control in Sabah Malaysia. Deparment of Agriculture Pub. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. 25 pp. Norrbom, A. L. and K. C. Kim. 1988. A list of the reported host plants of the species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae). USDA APHIS, Pub. No. 81-52, Washington. 114 pp..

(9) 荔枝細蛾與果實蠅危害. 151. Stanley, D. 1998. Lychees and longans no host for carib fly. Agricultural Research Service, News. Subtropical Horticulture Research Lab. Miami, Florida. 1 pp. Walter, P. G., M. K. Hennessey, J. Pena, A. Castineiras, R. Nguyen, and J. Grane. 1999. Nonhost status of lychees and longans to Caribbean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 92:1212–1216..

(10) 152. 台灣農業研究. 第 57 卷. 第2期. Investigation of Fruit Damages of Litchi Caused by Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) in Chiayi 1 Shi-Cheng Hung2, Kun-Yaw Ho2,4, and Chien-Chung Chen3 Abstract Hung, S. C., K. Y. Ho, and C. C. Chen. 2008. Investigation of fruit damages of litchi caused by Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) in Chiayi. J. Taiwan Agric. Res. 57:143–152.. Results of a survey of litchi orchards in Chiayi in 2004 showed that damaged fruits of different varieties of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) caused by fruit borer Conopomorpha sinensis were 7.5–47% and 88.5% for the areas (in Black-leaf, Nome, 71-3-13, 71-3-15, and 77-S-3 treatments) of pesticide-spray and unspray control, respectively. Litchi varieties Black-leaf, Nome and 71-3-13 sprayed with Deltamethrin were more resistant to fruit borer, with damaged fruits of 8–16.5% (in Black-leaf), compared to 88.5% for the unsprayed control. For all surveyed areas, the average of damaged fruits caused by C. sinensis was 29.2% and 60.7% for pesticide-sprayed and unsprayed areas, respectively, whereas the average of damaged fruits caused by the Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis was 2.6% and 12.1% for pesticide-sprayed and unsprayed areas, respectively. Thus, the survey reveals that chemical spray of litchi is effective in reducing fruit damages caused by C. sinensis and B. dorsalis. Another study showed that C. sinensis caused upto 35.3% of damages of litchi fruits which were ripened and fallen on the ground during the peak period of population increase of this insect in May and June. Any probing injury of ripening fruits of litchi by fruit borer could create a potential site for B. dorsalis to lay eggs. Therefore, control of fruit borer may be effective in reducing fruit damages by Oriental fruit fly. Results of another survey in 2006 and 2007 showed that neither sex pheromone for trapping male insects nor parasitic wasps (Phanerotoma sp.) was effective method for control of fruit borer in litchi orchards. Key words: Litchi, Conopomorpha sinensis, Bactrocera dorsalis, Damage.. 1. Contribution No.2322 from Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultrue. Accepted: June 24, 2008. 2. Respectively, Assistant Entomologist, Associate Entomologist of Plant Protection Department, Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station, ARI. Chiayi, Taiwan. 3. Senior Entomologist, Applied Zoology Division, ARI, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan. 4. Corresponding author, e-mail: kunyawho@dns.caes.gov.tw; Fax: (05)2773630..

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