系統性分離鑑定及保存多樣性真菌資源─台灣不完全菌生物多樣性資源調查(1/2)

行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫 期中進度報告

台灣不完全菌生物多樣性資源調查(1/2)

中

華

民

國 92 年 6 月 27 日

台灣不完全菌之生物多樣性探討 中文摘要

於台北縣石碇鄉皇帝殿、草嶺古道，台北市陽明山國家公園，所採集之枯枝 敗葉，共分離出３０株絲狀真菌，已鑑定出十種，其中 Codinaea longispora、 Pestalotiopsis palustris、Scolecobasidium cateniphorum 為台灣新紀錄種此外， Colletotrichum sp.、Alternaria sp.、Dactylaria sp.、以及一種具螺旋孢子之真菌獨 具形態構造特徵，尚待更進一步鑑定．

Summary

Totally 30 filamentous fungi were isolated from decaying leaves or twigs collected from Taipei City (Yangmingshan National Park), Taipei County (Huang Ti Tien、Tsao Ling), Miouli County (Fa Yun Temple), and axenically cultured on carrot potato agar (CPA) slant. Their morphological characteristics illustrated. Among the eleven hyphomycetous species, Codinaea longispora 、Pestalotiopsis palustris、 Scolecobasidium cateniphorum, were first recorded from Taiwan, and species of Colletotrichum sp.、Alternaria sp.、 Dactylaria sp.、and a helicosporous species, all with unique morphological features remaind further identification.

Alternaria sp.

Source：from rotten leaf , Tienwei, Chunghwa County, Feb.11,2003.

Cladosporium elegans Matsushima

Colonies on carrot and potato agar in 21 days at room temperature white, bruneous while sporularting. Hyphae septate hyaline or pallid bruneous. Conidiophore erect, simple, septate. Ramoconidia in 1-2 series, catenulate, 15.9-25.9(19.87) × 4.4-5.2(4.8) μ m. Conidia , 2-4 series, oblong-ellipsoid, 18.5-22.4(19.8) × 4.6-5.3(5.03) μm.

Source：from rotten leaf, Huang Ti Tien, Taipei County, July 14, 2002.

Codinaea longispora S. Hughes & W. B. Kendr.

Colonies on carrot agar in 12 days at room temperature grow properly and sporulating abundantly. Mycelium composed of immersed, branched, septate, brown hyphae. Conidiophores stalked polyphialidic, simple or rarely branched, arising singly or in groups of up to 5, pale brown to brown toward the base, paler and subhyaline toward the apex. Conidiogenoua cells initially consist of a simple stalked phialide terminal, integrate, enteroblastic, later also proliferate, subterminal, lateral, percurrent,

enteroblastic, collarette. Phialospores hyaline, curved, non-septate, asymmetrical, markedly tapered toward the pointed ends, 18.5-21.7(19.8) ×2.48-3.55(2.87) μm, bearing at each end a simple, straight or gently curved setulae 4.62-6.4(5.82)μm long.

Source：from rotten leaf, Tsao Ling, Taipei County, April 26, 2003.

Colletotrichum sp.

Source：from rotten leaf, Tsao Ling, Taipei County, April 26,2003.

Cylindrocladium ilicicola Hawley

Colonies on carrot agar in 15 days at room temperature sporulating. Phialophores erect, dichotomously branched in the upper part, terminating in fasiculated phialides. Sterile poles, thin-walled, inflated at the apex to 4.46 μm wide. Phialospores cylindric, 52.4-66.7(61.2) × 4.4-7.1(5.93) μm, usually with 1-3 septate, hyaline. Perithecia not observed.

Source：from rotten leaf , Tsao Ling, Taipei County, April 26,2003.

Dactylaria biseptata Matsushima

Colonies on carrot agar in 7 days at room temperature sporulating. Mycelium septates, hyaline. Conidiophore brown, simple, or rarely branched, clavate, cylindrical, nodulated or irregular-shaped, usually with short cylindrical denticles laterally or terminally. Conidia hyaline cylindrical, often slightly curved, 25.6-29.9(28.05) × 1.4-2.8(2.02) μm.

Source：from rotten leaf, Fa Yun Temple, Miouli County, Nov. 30, 2002.

Dactylaria haptospora Drechsler

Vegetative hyphae hyaline, septate, 1.2-4.0μm in diam. Conidiophores hyaline, erect, septate, 2.8-4.4μm in diam at the base, tapering gradually upward, 1.2-1.8μm at the tip, bearing short branches or spurs and conidia; conidia hyaline, spindle-shape, 2-4 septate, often the middle cell the largest, 35.6-41.9(38.37) × 2.8-3.9(3.26)μm; trapping nematodes by means of globose or ellipsoidal unicellular adhesive knobs.

Source： from rotten leaf, Tsao Ling, Taipei County, April 26,2003.

Dactylaria sp.

Source：from rotten leaf, Fa Yun Temple, Miaoli County, Nov.30,2002.

Unidentified species with helicospores.

Source：from rotten leaf, Tsao Ling , Taipei County, April 26,2003.

Monacrosporium cionopaga Drechsler

Colonies on carrot and potato agar in 10 days at room temperature sporularting.

Hyphae hyaline, septate. Conidophores usually unbranched, gradually heavily tapering upward, bearing a single conidium. Conidia hyaline, mostly broadly spindle-shaped, rounded distally, narrowing proximally, base truncate, 2-4 septate, mostly 3-4 septate, the middle cell the largest, 29.2-56.8(45.28) ×11.4-14.9(14.25) μm. Nematophagous.

Source：From rotten leaf, Yangmingshan National Park, Taipei City, April 18,2003.

Pestalotiopsis palustris Nag Raj

Colonies, on carrot and potato agar in 10 days at room temperature sporulating.

Conidiophores arising from the basal stroma, mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells, occasionally 1-septate at the base and unbranched, colorless, smooth-walled, invested in mucus. Conidiogenous cells ampulliform to lageniform, 6.7-8.3(7.44)× 2 .3-3.7(3.1) μm, colorless, smooth. Conidia fusiform, 4-septate, 18.5-23.5(20.96) × 5.3-6.4(5.9) μm , bearing appendages; basal cell obconic with a truncate base, almost colorless, thin- and smooth-walled, 3.3-4.7(3.7)μm long; 3 median cells doliform, thick-walled, pigmented and versicolored, together 11.7-14(12.8)μm long; apical cell conical, colorless, thin- and smooth-walled, 1.7-4.7(3.56) μm long. Appendages tubular, flexuous; appendages on apical cell arising in the upper half of the cell in two tiers-one as an extension of the apical cell, with 1-4 in the second tier at different loci, occasionally one of them irregularly forked, unequal, 4.7-19(10) μm long; basal appendage, usually present, single, unbranched, attenuated, centric, 1.7-4(2.68) μm long.

Source：from rotten leaf , Tsao Ling, Taipei County, April.26, 2003.

Scolecobasidium cateniphorum Matsushima

Colonies, on carrot agar in 21 days at room temperature sporulating. Mycelium hyaline, septate. Conidiophores erect , cylindrical, clavate, 3.5-6.4(4.18)×

1.7-2.8(2.38)μm. Conidiogenous cell subhyaline or owl-shaped, with acute denticles, often in tuft. Conidia 1-septate, slightly constricted, 9.6-14.2(11.33) ×2.1-2.8(2.44) μm.

Source：from rotten leaf , Tsao Ling, Taipei County, April 26,2003.

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S colecoba si dium ca teni phor um P es ta lo tio p si s p a lu st ri s M o n a cr o sp o riu m c io n o p a g a D a ct yl a ri a h a p to sp o ra D a ct yl a ri a b is ep ta ta Cy lindr ocla dium ili cic ola C o d in a ea lo n g is p o ra Cl a d o sp o riu m e le g a n s Specie s T sao L in g, T ai p ei C o u n ty T sa o L ing , T aipe i County Y angmi ngsh an Nat ion al P ark T sao L in g, T ai p ei C o u n ty Fa Y u n T em p le, M io u li C o u n ty T sao L in g, T ai p ei C o u n ty T sao L in g, T ai p ei C o u n ty Hu an g T i T ien S ampling sit e N ewl y record ed N ewl y record ed P ri orl y record ed P ri orl y record ed P ri orl y rrecord ed P ri orl y record ed N ewl y record P ri orl y record ed Doc umentation T ab le 1 . S tatus of hy phom y ce tes i sol ated fr om latt er s.