法國共產黨趨於衰退

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(1)-rm~ 1-R< 1{li-l-R~;l;ij~mIH1;::.~~~~* .. ~~:J:I(*Alf~ (Ie Parti Communiste Franc;ais-P. Co F.) W*~..l.j~~lll:(tt:<. ~..l.j~~~~}L-~ I -R<i({li-1I1~:m~lll:( • • (L' Assemblee Nationale) ~1il~Hi~,:-R~:m~I!Hl!S (Ie Senat) ~$~!filHI- .. :J:I( *Alf~~l!UI::mlIR~W::~~l&<mWi;:;i~tn}L- .. ~~~~~M'~~tr:m~:paf--N-H .. gll€i:tn (Pierre Juquin) ~$ffi!@ (Marcel Rigout) *~~~~~~$~.:m~~w::~~:m~~o.~..l.j"$~:J:I(~.-rm~ll~~~~~~~~"W;l;ij~~.trl~~~~~~~~ ~~I1I-R" {.iJW 1 -Rgrl-R{Ii-~l!UI:t->fm~-Nl1+i(iliil1:m~lIR~ 1 gr<$!~~ .. 1 -Rgri({li-l&<~l!UI:fm~-Nl1+<mel-R:m~\fi1R~ 1i(l-R $!~~ .. $:J:I(,*jR~w\!!!l!ii<lnJ[iIii W~gr:J:l(~ ( I -Rg[i("'-' 1-Rl-R<) i:if~" $:J:I(~~IR~*:m'~fm~-Nl1+l-R .. :iR-R/o:'ttm!;~~iI ~ .. l'ffij~W~l-R:J:I(~i:if~~~fm~-Nl1+:ml!Ul:\fi1Ht ~~W 1 -R< J {Ii-.~~~tr.l!UI:fm~-N+l-R:m~\fi1R" :;!i~;l;ij~:J:I(*Alf~~~ mu:IK~" tE:-E;.t 1 -R<gr{li-llllH1;:::m~~&,¥HllI[~~" :JnK~!mR.~Wlfm~-N+ 1 .. 1 -R<i({li-lll~:m~lll:( • •~~trl&<~~Mamt .. *~ fm~-N+:m~." • • l.:J:I(M~:mtt:<~.~.H • •:lKMo~~;l;ij~:J:I(*Alf~.~~M+tnl~~.:m. . . . .~mW*~~ •• 0. 0. 0. ;t~~lIo. 1-Rl10{li-~~ .. -m~~I>(w\~~:paf-~M~:m~ ... ~~• • H-<~~$~tt:<!ifa (Section FranC;aise de l' Internationale Ouvriere-S. F. I. 0) ~{$~$lm~ • • (Ie Parti SOciaiiste) :m~~MIlOl(!i\!!i~I>(~*:m~ ... ~llIl'l~mq1+1$1*$;tr;i:JnK$ ... ~ ~~;§~~1]1+1~~~~:paf-~~:mMIlOl( .. ~~~~111~~:m~. 0 ~mWiti • • ~!ifa~t->t$!~~r<~ll!~~~~~I>(::j:t 1~:¢~n:r;M\llf. 8 .. ~;tll]t;~~~*:lfi.IlOl( .. ~llR~M1~~... ti~~ r:J:l(M§fi$lmtt:<fifaJ (Section Franc;aise del'Internationale Com. muniste ). 1€\f$~~Ii:J:l(tM!!ti(. ~;ii~:m-<~I!. 0. ~"W?:mMrw:~~~+11jm[. .. 8. 0. ;lI!H.g:~. (Jean Jaures). .. $Ii:J:l(• • ~~~w\;lt ~OO ... ~Kmt->:\lllitE:-~fSl~-Nll1:mMIlOl( @ :JnKtr_~illl-\:m~IBl~t$!:¥!~~~~ll1:J:1(~lIIS£:m~~ .. ~~~B~~Ii\llf.:mn1iilii .. ~ W!t->$Ii~;m:m~i!i .. ~l!UI: 1 ~-<llt{~~~~ .. ~;f$~-l~ @ 1 -R111111{1i- .. ;l;ij~:J:I(M• • IlOl(.~lljm[-R1t--< @) 1 -R111gr{li-~~ .. M~~~~$I$If.I~1+1~:mI.\!Q~" ~~~M~~tr.~~-<-H:mtt:<~ .. *l:j:i.~~.~ (Maurice Thorez) it<.t1BE~":lmI:lR w::iti• • (S. F. I. 0) ~flll!li 1~~4.0~1;::j!~. "llR~~~.~~t-> r~*-rm-m~4!l!t~J ~j!~ r~* '" -rm-m~H~4T1lll:(!t~J ~ijij .. an:mt$!~tI\l~l!UI:ii\1I-~-<-H:m~. ~lE" 11~Cl~~*~~M~ '" ~tEl.:;!i.~.~.~Il!1m:<t->f;iiw\ .. illl-\.~~.:m~ Im-R .. ~~-m~4!l:JnK:¥!4J:l~~.~M I -R1I1K{Ii- 1 ~ .. 11~'tal~~4!l~~~-mjl\!ft~j'tFiE (Edouard Daladier) ~~.:lfi~~. (Parti Radical) :J:I([jg:$M r -<llt{~im!J (Rassemblement Populaire) '" l~$im!~.1I-~:J:I(.!1\1tJfi*~~~~~ .. ~Wl~1i ~~~t1BE.*~r< ...~t$!~.~~\llf.~tr.~~~~~:mt1BE~o8-m~:;!i~$im!t1BE.:m.~"'Wgr~:m~• •IlOl(~~tr-.~ $lIl:J:l(M.~~.JJ:l~~lll:(~-K:mtt:<~ ... ~~ 1 fmgr+~jm[~ '" $fm~-N+l-Riill:m~1IDR '" 1II~~~~:m+{\€~~~~+ll{\€ ~:;!i$lII:J:I(*H!.W$lm~~..l.j~~~!!$rE.lW\!l!l1l:m$tlSJ ~~~~~ :J:I(.llIittt:<~~• • ~~W (Leon Blum) ~~:m~t1BE .. E;.t~ (I'Humanite) ... ~M~:J:I(.trlif€:m~Em. :JnKtr~~{li-iJi1-<' .H~~~r<.~/l+l. 0. ~~-rm 1 -Rl J 1 W\ 1 -R111gr{li-YJlIt~~~. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. '". *~~~~o. 1-R1n-R~*<~ '". ~~ltxltE:-~~~~~t;~. 1~~:J:I(.1+1.:mli!(~ $~~~~iEI1~Hpl!l'l':m1lI~fgiR .. ~tnI~ :l!~~:J:I(¥di\~:ml:j:i~jJ:gijij ~~-rm 1-RfSl 1{li-K~ll+llm~Jamt{[~~~j!~"~ .. ~:lRk><~~it<iI ~~$~:J:I(M~.tSmW~$$ ... E;.t!litWl;!:~~a*~~.:m~1;::ijijtr~~~~~\!I!I1l~:m$tlSJ @ 11~~~~~~ '" ~lB!Bl~.tS~~1;::~~:m~~ '" ~~~~~ ... emK ~ • • ~4.0o l-RfSll-R{Ii-<~"'~ • • ~~mK:J:I(• •$4.0"~lE~~:J:I(M.:m~-R~mW~.=~t->",~IlOl(~*~~l-R+l-Rjm[-<o [jg:{Ii-+~:m3mal{.~~~tr .. 1~.~fm~-N11+K:m~\fi1R e 1-Rgrl-R{Ii-+ 1 ~ '" .1tJE!:~ (Charles de Gaulle) ~l:j:i:f1tMl$fi .... W$lm~M~. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -----iW8 Jean-Paul Brunet,. Histoire du P.C.F., Que sais-je'l P.U.F. Paris, 1982, p.23.. iti§l Fran/iois Bonma, Les portis politiques dans 10 France d'aujourd'hui. Seuil, Paris, 1917. p.176.. itS lii!:it@o it@) Jean-Paul Brunet, Histoire du P.C.F., Que. sais-je1 P.U.F., Paris., 1982, p.41,. ttl€> Ibid... p. SI.. it@) Alfred Grosser et Fran/iois Goguel. La politique en France. Armand Coliu, Paris, 1980. p.98.. itS Frau/iois Borella, Les partis politiques dans la France d'aujourd'hul, Seuil, Paris, 1977. p.178..

(2) K<. ~. ~. .. ~~.~.~~~~~~~)i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. tijEl~(~il1lm~'.~. .flII~ 1~< 1{If-H=inr::;ll1lmIlJlHl;:''~~~z:H~ • ~!lm:¥i(ii4l!. (Ie Parti Communiste Franc;ais-P. Co F.) 4#~~...y~~llI:{-W< :\1f:...ytiim:;$1Wt'-~.. 1 ~< K{lf-l11nr::~~llI:{\\II. (L' Assemblee Nationale) ~tmi!-~~nr::~~~~ (Ie Senat) ~$~IlJlH!- " :¥i( ~~llEW!E~\D.l~~mK-l!!g:t:!.jm.{mJ1<};:J~mt'- .l!{W!E~tK:~~~IHl-~r\'§~-N41 • ~~:;:n (Pierre Juquin) ~~!lN (Marcel Rigout) $'j!¢~~::a\lHlll~~~_~~~mK~~~• • " • •...y • ;ll1~:¥i(~~.flII~11~$l~+<6!P~~~· 4#;ll1lmilel.-fl- 1W1tmK~~~\lHlll!fll!l~ ~8-R. {.lJ4# 1 ~grJ.R{If-.W!El'--.lm~-Nl1+Kiil1~~\D.l~~ 1gr<$!-l!!g:t:!.. 1 ~grK{lf-jm.{.W!Elm~-Nll+<dJ.R~~\D.l~~ 1KJ.R $!-l!!g:t:!.. ;ll1:¥i(~$Jt\:m~jn![ii" 4#~gr*K~ (1 ~grK'" 1 ~1-R<) 'W?~. ;ll1:¥i(W!E\D.l~**:\w~lm~-Nl1+1-R " :iR-R1t?~tnmB +< • ~l!{4#~1-R:¥i(~'W?~-:l?1~lm~-Nl1+~W!E]ft1~* .. ~\E4# 1~< 1 {If-~+<~-fl-!!lW!Elm~-N+J.R~~]ft1~ • :tt~~~:¥i(*H~tiif\\tf mJt«~ I(-e 1~<gr{lf-~~l;:~iiil~ • •~~ • :M:W!E\D.1R*ttW1lm~-N+ 1 • 1~< K{If-\11nr::~1!mlll:{ • •+<~-fl-jm.{l!IJ!l(-~ •• *tt lm~-N+~~~·.~l~~ii4l!.~-W<:\1f:.~.H • • ~~;ll1lm~*H • • • • ~~ml~I(-.~.:iR".tii~*~llE.~. •. «m .. ~~l[g~o. 1~ 11 O{lf-~nr:: .. 1H~U.t'{\:m*~~41i:~~~~8 " ~ilel• •H -<~Sf;ll1lm-W<li;l§ (Section Fran'iraise de l' Internationale Ouvriere-S. F. 1. 0) 1X.$:~;ll11milel• • (Ie Parti Sociaiiste) ~~~~.!\i!fu.t'{~*~• • " ~ll!l!~ffiq,rtl$l*~~:M:$. " ~ ~~~~~\#I~~iH!i~!r\'§~~~~~." lE!\'t\Hrp{~\11lm~~~~" ~mJ1<ilel._tK:~~I'--.mJ1<~~r<~1111mSf~!\i!fU.P(* 1~:ij:1-EMM$>. .. t.iGR~,~. pnti... !;;;;~~. ... r*KWJlfi~;ll111m-W<~J (Section Fran'iraise del'Internationale Com. muniste )~f$~~I!m=/:j(tf!!~ .. i@IHIitf:ffi1linjJ](+<~~+11~ "e :j(-fl-~~{If-.w-< ' .H ~~~r<.~/H1 $1j;R:~ (Jean Jaures) HE~~:ffi-<!i1.\J (l'Humanite) " -:l?1~~:¥i(1I:!!!.:fH~l5iF 0 ~\E.flII 1~111 \:m 1~111gr{lf-P;Wl~~~" ;ll1lm~*H_~~!Im\:mitt;; ~1Kl." «*I'--.$!I(-~gr~-N111:fH~... @) :M:-fl-~\lHlll.:fH~!EJ.tiimJ1<:¥!~~~~111~*Hlm~:fH~~ .. ~~~lfl;\~~Ir$>~;amd " ~ {l!.!1'--.~1m~~:fH:i=:!tl .. l!{w:e 1~-<llI:{+<~~~ " \E~~.pJ @) 1~111111{1f- .. ;ll1~*K*H• • •!!l~11ja{~1t--< 9 1~1I1gr{lf--\lnr:: "1$l~~'W?~$I~IEl~#I.~.$l~" ~~~M~~-fl-*H~~-<-l1~-W<~" ~ti:i~~~_m (Maurice Thorez) r\'§.~~ ~:\!m:IR mKilel• • (S. F. 1. 0) ~~ 1 ~~<tn~l;:ijij~. ~ OR~r«~.~::a1'--. r~*.flII1Hm><tll1!:~J ~ijij~ r~¥l- '" .flII1H~H~4tllll:{1!:~J 0. 0. ~iii" rm:fHmJ1<~M~w:emz-fl-~.-<-l1:fH~.. 0. 0. ~\E" ~11~Cl~~*..w:e~t$" -:l?1:m:tt.lrr.a.~~~I!!jm.{I'--.~\:m "Ii\.+<~.~~. In-R " ~~1H~<tll:M::¥!.fld~~.~M 1 ~l11K{If- 1 nr:: .. lrr.a.r«~<tnl'--.tnm.gr1HJrot~;!i.!~ (Edouard Daladier) llE~~~~~~ (Parti Radical) :¥i(!ili.:~~ r -<llI:{~!!lilJ (Rassemblement Populaire) "1ff.a~!!lil~JJ;-fl-~~*H!llm'jfi~~~~~~" :jn!n~mJtlm ~~~~~*~r<" ~~~~~~$lIIm~,*,~-fl--mti~~llE~BE.:fH~~ >€ 1H~~~~!!lil~~~~BE." 4#gr~~~• •ona::Jm~* .. ~i!.it ~~*K-mtit~.~{l:l~Jm!1l:{+<-R:fH-W<:\1f: ".W!EI'--. 1 lmgr+-\lj:{~ .. $}mt:t::;-N+1-Rilil1:fH~]ft1R" .-l!!g~~~:fH+i!E$"~~-\l+11-l!!g., ~:tt~~:¥i(tl1Il.4#;ll1~~iI-Y$$~~~W$!l1~4!l:eJ ~~im~~ .. :¥i(~~-W<~ilel".~~~ (Leon Blum) ~~~~~ .. e~ 0. 0. 0. *~~~~o. 1 ~11l~-ltj-<nr:: ...*ttrll(-ti~~:W:~:\;;;;:~ ~ -!:tl.~Im~~1'--. 1~~:¥i(*H#I~~iI!(Je ~1m~~~!EJ.~~'W?~lm~~:iR '" ~rrrl:l¥: ~R~:¥i(*H:iIJfi~ti:i~)igiii ~\E.flII 1 ~gr 1{If-Knr::ll+11 m~~ij$J-i1t~~tr&liii~.~ " ~$IX+<~r\'§iit ~~;ll1tm:¥i(*H.lSmJ1<~~$ ."e~4#~~.~~~~~~-fl-$.I'--.~~\lHlll1i\~4!I:~o@ll~$l~+<~~ .. ~~mlS~~~~~~~"~~~~~ ... e~ ~.~~~o l~gr1-R{If-<nr:: .. ilel• • ~~mK:¥i(*H.~~"~\Etnm.gr*K*H~~~~~mJ1<~tnm=+<I'--. .. ~ona::$!~~~1-R+1-Rja{-<o llB:{If-+nr:::fHiII!1l:{• • ~~-fl- '" lrr.a• • lm~-Nl1+K~~]ft1R 0 e 1~gr1-R{If-+ 1nr:: .. ifiD!!i:~ (Charles de Gaulle) ::ati:iti!W$~ 0. 0. 0. tWe Jean-Paul Brunet, Histoire du P.C.F., Que sais-je? P.U.F. Paris, 1982. p.23. ttl@) Pranljois Borella, Les parUs politiques dans la France d'aujourd'hui, Seuil, Paris, 1977, p.176. tW@) l!i!:tW@)o ilii9 jean-Paul Brunet, Histoire du P. C.F., Que. sais-je7 P. U. F., Paris, 1982, p.41. ttl€> Ibid•• p. Sl. tW@ Alfred Grosser et Franljois Goguel, La politique en France, Armand Colin. Paris, 1980. p.98. iliie Franljois Borella. Les partis politiques dans la France d'auJourd'hui, Seuil, Paris, 1977, p.I7S.. ~. ---. ~~-~~-~-.~-. ~~-.

(3) ~o. ~ .!±:!,*FR~:J:K+W.IllIl(~~«. 1;:::!gJ:K{If-+ 1~ - :J:K*:1l!.fUjmliffi1~t.m~~33:.$-m:J:K.' it5t.~~MH.~~1+l{~~~~111teHilf;4n~ t!E::ifllfliitl t!l;I "::B!~ i~.~ oft< ~mJ( ~ ~ ~ ~it~~iiI{ ;lJ:1lmt1i!i:~li! il: e!il( mJ(it!.1~ ~~~i1lP~~ ~:ifltl!t~ @) 1;:::! gJ: -\l{If- J.R ~ .. iii{ tK: -m~mJ(it! • • ~~rml.rn~~.2m .. iiI{~-m~~jgI.!!l!~t1i!i::iflI!!.ll@ ... t!l;I~~tml& (Paul Ramadier) ~Jl!i~r--.-m:J:K.-<IllIl(33:W~I$: :ifl.~ l!{Q!lf:J:K.j!lj::~lEI~1:::l\E~~~iR" l1m!l~ 1;:::!K I 1{If- .. -m~it!• •1+lj!~33: r 4Jd~~4crJ ~$;~ .. ~l!{;il1Ilm~t'eil.~. ~1:::l:iflOO~ 1. ;:::!gJ:-\lli\ 1;:::!J.RK{If-:m!llt,ll!(lj:tU'li~ .. :J:Kt'eil.Ia'~~~~~!mI·!fMllI41l\:ifl~~ .. ~g4I1~~~~~~jJlJIt:it:ifl~l!*mJ(:$;tI: 1;:::!J.RO{lf- ~ l~tiU~.~1fftit!• •~rK:~mJ(~-rx 1;:::!J.RJ.R{If- .. 1it~-\P{:\lF:~~~ (Pierre Mendes-France) :m-H:-1m:~.~$; .. .$t1X~1fft~~it!• • mJ(~~.~4!l:ifl4l:l~~t!E: 1;:::!J.RK{lf-it!• •lmK~ (Guy Mollet) ~~¥i~" r;nW~t\llmJ(~-M:ll!~\lll!ll~.~ .. ~~~~ .. e~l~~:ifl~~ .. ~~~~~~~~,~~.~~~~:m~-m~~~~~~jJlJIt:it.~i1lP .. j!lj::~l!{~~~.~~o 1 ~\El~lll" .w~gJ:~'* ( 1;:::!gJ:K-- 1;:::!J.R<) !lJl,ll!~¥i~" -m~:J:Kt'eil.~~I8~.jE~~t(:m~~ .. l!{~.IllIl(:ifl-<.-K~~~" @)e ~.w~.~B .. ~~• • ~;il1Ilm~l-K.~.o1m!l~l;:::!J.R<{If-~J.R:J:K~M~~.:m~~¥i~"~*:1l!.:m~ • • • •:\lF:.w~~~ 11+Ki4iZl1+< ~~ l;:::!J.R<{If- . . . . . .~~ . . . .~.~ .. M~~J.R~'*o-m~:J:K+W.~iiI{~.~-H:-~~~:ifl~.~~.~.2~~~.~l!{ • • • IXB.~~o.wl;:::!J.R<{If-:ifl~.-H:- ....:m~ • • i4iZ~~~+;:::!o~~J.R:J:K'*M~i4iZl;:::!-\lO{lf-~~ .. ~Ilm~t'eil.Ia'~ .~~ • • l~~.~iiI{.:m«~o~ • • • ~SIlmSK~-rx~~~1+l:ifl.E .. ~• • ~ • •i4iZ;lJ:1~:J:K• •:m~.K~.o I;:::! J.R<{If-• • • ~*~~ :J:Kt'eil.~1fft~~~-<.R~.~ .. e~.wl~J.R~{lf-K~ • •~+J.Roft<~Ilm~.-K.-H:- ....~$~J.R :J:K'*~~~~~~~~~*1+l.it!.~~-H:-:m~~~~o~~ .. -m~ • • • iiI{~Ilm~~~-rx~$;~~~iiI{:ifl1:::l ... ~l!{:J:Kt'eil.~ I ;:::!KI1\{If--i!iiI{• • • :m~-rx~l!*~*,$I!1W:m1ffte: .. 4-(~~ 1;:::!KK{lf-111~;lJ:1Ilm~33:=R!-KjgIm:<4~.$.:ifl~1W" ~~~IIK~t'eil 0. 0. .. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. .. ~~'*-H:-~~~B~:m~;lJ:1<>~\E.w~~~~KW~~~~B~:J:Kt'eil.~~~~~~~~1fftK~~"~~~~~.~~~~4l1~ ~lEI::B! .. ~~¥i~:ifl;lJ:1Ilm~t'eil ... ~lE~• •~:$ffillK~ (Franc;ois Borella ) ~~$:m ~ {,l)~e~ 1~~~:m~~ ~ .1E~~~ 1~~~:m~t!I: <> @ 1 ;:::!KgJ:{lf-J.R~ ~ 1!Iif.i (Waldeck-Rochet) .Wtlt1mM:a~ ~ ~~}(el~ll;!~~~~~54nit!. -J!l!!l.~1iI~. 0. i,M@) Jean Charlot, Les partis PQlitiquer en France, Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres. Paris, 1978. p.30.. 4;tI@) Alfred Grosser. et Frant;ois Goguel La politique en France. Armand Colin., Paris. 1980, p.IOO. ltIiI.8 Frant;ois Borella, Les partis politiques dans la Fnance d'aujourd'hui, Seuil, paris, 1977. p.179 .. •. :ffl.~. 0. ••. .J..I .. ~ r ;:::!K I 1.w-.inl!i:~~~~;l:l5-H-~lllilU'l~~~~~{]:!.li!? .. 4l:l~:ifl1:::l~~~~~~ ~ ~~:m!l~I,'.~~-H:- • -m~~. ~itI • •:m-\P{:j!I::. .; :l!:{mE:f:Kt'eil.~.w~11;W~IID~-H:-~.~~~11+ 1ifii~:mfflQ1il~~g(+ 1~~~.F~Ill~lIIlI(ii€oft< l!liiiill8~.w 1~W ~~~~~:mH**~~ ~ ~.~~~B~H,l)*~:ifl:~UtK~~ .. ~\ii'~l\l!t~~:m1{l(:\lF:K~\m~" .w\ii'~:mJgg$l-'- ~ :Ml1Wl\ii'~5.jE r .tK:~-m~J :m~.jE~~ @ I ;:::!KJ.R{If- 1~ ~ .w8J~~I!!Sl.:m1e~~.-H:-" ~¥!!il.Kit!• • r=lt(4n~ ~ ~KW~-4-(~~ifjI@ ~~:m~~-<~~ <> 1 ;:::!KH:4{1f-+ll~:J:K.}iI!..(-\P{:\lF:it! • • ~~33::m~~-<~:1t?.m (Franc;ois Mitterrand) ~~tl~ ~~ • .w~ll~~1fil~-H:-~~~~J.R+gJ:iliJ.R:m~IID~~~.~ ~ e~:1t?.m.w~ 1.~lID~-H:-~~r--.~~~11+11:m~1fil~ "lE~Kfml1D~ • .w ~11.iiI{SilI" ~4F4Jd~-<~'iU[Jl~11lQ!! "lE~tr~~~.:ifl~\i1~~*~~Nn:J:KtI:!ll.:m .w~::B!4cr~:ifl~m-N~" 1 ;:::!KK{If-+l1~ tl+m ~ :fK*=!I!.,*-m~~.m~1\\!¥Jt:m r4Jd~it!.K~1+l-<~~~J (Federation de la Gauche Democrate et Socialiste-F. G. D. S.) ~~r--. 1~~flliHi4cr~1W" lEl00J:.i:tI.~.-H:-}trl~-\P{:\lF: ::B!~~1W~~.w 1~K~{lf-l11~:iflNn~ • • ~.-H:-~~~~ .. ::B!oft<fflQlli'k ~ :J:K+W• .w~ 1.~\m~-H:-.i4iZ~~~11+11ilig(:mfflQ\i1~ .. ~ 1;:::!K 11{lf-~~~ll+ I ii-\l~~~" .wlJ€oft<~B~~.2r--. 111+11~ .. l!{:J:Kt'eil• .w1lm1ll:HI.$~~+111lJ€ lE~~.m:m r4l:l~it!.KlIl{1+l-<tl~~J ~~l\l!t~~:iflM.":f:K~ 1 ~11+ 1~ o~\E::B!~~~Kl!*~~*~;lJ:1.~«~ .. 4-(~~.wl;:::!K<{lf-gJ:~"~5~~~~m-m~~~i!?"m~~t'eil~~*~:ifl~~K ~. ~ ~e4F4l:l~it!• •-<tl«t\ll .. ~i~ • •nm:~mQlIl{~fHl\f~'~ <> 1 ;:::!K<{lf-gJ:~ .. ~~~~Bml-r<l!!a:H~~~.~~m-m~~~ ~ .. ;lJ:1m~~~~~~~~.r;nW~J.R~.~~." rJ.R~it5t.1+l~Ilm~--~~,m~'~~'~~~~~.2~~~Bml-~r<~ ~~ .. ;lJ:1~:J:KtI:!ll.*l~.~K~iiI{:m1:::l. J<> @ ml~~.~\ii'~.~;lJ:1Nn:J:K1tii!.~-&{~* .. ~ 1~~::B!<4llll5.*l'lR~iiI{~~:ifl~ $; ~it 1 ~1:J:Kflil.:m1+ll\lli;U'll'r-< .. ~~~~~~~~ (Louis Aragon) ~.21!1~ (Roger Garaudy) i1lP~I(ll(~1fft~~:m Bml-.~~oe~ .. ~.rn"~Ilm:J:Kt'eil.~~~~~~j!lj::~1fft~~:ifl~~ .. ~~~~.~~~1fft~"~~W*~~j!lj::~~~~r~ ~~1tH<J ~ii:m~~o ~::B!:m~l!iK~~;~4F~~~~mtH:m.~:ifl~~ r~~.~J l1=~;il1~Jnl-K .... 1mt{~M~tK:~~ ~ .. ~~;lJ:1:J:K~lmK~it:~~~~~OOIR j!lj::~ .. 1;:::!K<{lf-1<~:mill~.~-H:-" 1 ~1~~~;lWJ:m{lf-.iiMnJm;~it!.~K:J:Kt'eilM~~ ~:ifl~w~M1Hl:t:!~*1l~~m ~1fE~.~e4F:J:Kt'eil.Kit!• •:m41l~~mJ;\Ja«~ .. ~.~:J:K.~JOOW(.jE~1:::lm1+l:m~~ ~ 1~K;:::! ~1<~-i!~ l!liilEI~~;lJ:1.t!l;I.~ .. \E-mi!iStl.1iffiilll!~ GGeorges Marchais) i(~.ttJl(~lm.(~~ .. 1 ~-\l\ l{1f-~11+lllll4l1~~*-K 0. 0. 0. ••. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. .-H:-"~~r=l~~Wtl.M:a"~~:J:Kt'eil.~~::B!~r<r--.~I~~~o~~~~~~~~~J.R:J:K'*~*"~~.~~.~~~-K:ifl~ 4;tI@ Jean-Paul Brunet, Histoire du P. C. F., Que sais- je? P. U. F., Paris, 1982, p.IOt. ~@ Alfred Grosser et Fran~oisGoguel, La Politique en France, Armand Colin, Paris. 1980. p.lOO.. ~I.

(4) ~~.~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~S~ ~o .. i.;I:!4!ifR:t:l.4iOt!ll.IlI!l(~lifall$( 1 -F!grK'*+ 1 ~ .. :tK*Hi.!fUl!!1~~lBtlR~~:aij:iiH:IU. ' iIe!• • ~:\f,.~~'J+l.HE$1lt\J1.~411~ ~~a.~,,~ •••~~ •••~".Re~~m~• •w~.~.iIe!.~~~ • •~.~~• • o81-F!gr~,*fR~"~~ -m~.iIe!~.ii~~m{~.2~ .. i\:t:iH~.jgI:1l!nti~~~@!nra ... ~<Jpll!ltfmmt (Paul Ramadier) ~~~t->iH:fK.-<!!llI(33:i.;I:!lifablj1( 0. ~.~ "l!<~:fK.l¢.IEJ.~.pjlEH!!{~~IR" 1-J1l!l1~ 1-F!Kl1,*" iH~iIe!• •#l~~33: r4J:j~~4aJ ~~~ .. ~!{mBm:fK*Hi.~. ~~~OO~ 1 -F!g[~i\ 1 -F!fRK,*~JIm~~~": :fKtW.]Ci'~t,imW~~ll§:~ilII~~~ ... ~]:Mll~~~~~1!.(:Illllt:tt:~~~.~~ 0. 0. 1-F!fRO-tit "1I~1HeUii.~lf.tile!~.~~~.:t:iX 1-F!fRfR-tIt .. ~~~::\t~~~ (Pierre Mendes-France) ~iI-$E~.~~ .. -HtfX~lf.t.RiIe!• • • ~~.~4Cl~4Jd~~~ 1-F!fRK-tltile!• •~,* (Guy Mollet) .~~~ .. $nlt!~twi.:fK+lSi.Y.ml\~.!t. "~~.~"~~l • • ~.~ .. g~.~.~.~'~~.~.~~~ilIIiH~.~~~~:Illllt:tt: . . . . . l¢.!{JIm~~.~.0 1 ~j§lnl!l" i:tUIr:Rgr:fK~ (1 -F!grK-- 1 -F!fR<) J1m~~~" iH~:fK*Hi.!!l1ll,;{[~~'\r{~~~ "l!<~.!!llI(~-<_+<~$J~" 8~ ~~~.~... e~ • • ~m~.l+<.ilII~o-J1l!l1~l-F!fR<-tIt.fR:fK~1lt~~.~JIm~~~":fKtW.~~ • • • •::\t~~~~ 0. 0. 11+Ki\11+<~~. l-F!fR<-tIt ... ~• • ~~ ... ~~.m .. 1lt~.fR:fK~oiH~:fK*Hi.~i\~.miI-HE~~~E.~m.~.2~~~."!{ E • • fX.U.$o~l-F!fR<-tIt~~.iI- ....~~• • ~~~~+-F!oilII.fR:fK~~~~l-F!~O-tlt~~ .. m~:fK*Hi.]Ci'~ ~mW~~~ 1l!i!-aq~~i\.~~~ 0 @ .{!l1!!:.~Jt;~~.:t:*<l!!i:::1ilII#l~l!ll2ii: .. ~~~~~.~m~:fK-lW.~~~.~. 0 l-F! fR<-tIt.{!l1!!:....LHtRI~R .. :fKtW.~~:t(~~-<.-R~.~ .. ~~~ 1 -F!fR-F!-tlt1(~1~• •+fR~411I1!~~+<.iI- "l~.~$.fR :fK~~$~• • ~~~~*#l.iIe!~~~iI-~~~~~o~~"iH~.{!l1!!:.i\~~~~:t:*<~~~~~~~i:::1~"~!{:fKtW.ilII 1 -F!Kll1-t1t.\it~.~.~:t:iX~~~*,~{W~~... 'R:t(mW 1-F!K K-tltlll~~~!'?f.!33:=W+<jgI;l;tl:<'Hlk~.~~{W" ~~~III.:fK~ ~~~iI-~~~=~~~~o~~~~~~~.~~~~~.":fK~.~mW~*~~~~~.~~ .. g~~~~·~~~~~~ -J1l!l1~~JlR .. ~IEJ.~ .. J1m~~mi~~~~~ ... g@:~ • • ~:$!.~ (Franc;ois Borella ) HE~$~ .. {il~~~ 1 l!i!~~~~~ ~ .. @:R~~ 1~~tl£~~~ 0 @ 1 -F!Kgr-tltfR~ ~ 1IIi,i (Waldeck...Rochet) .i.;I:!IUll\Il~. ~ ~$$l!l~ll;!~~~~~~4rIiIe!~ 0. iW8 Jean Charlot, Les partis pDlitiquer en France, Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres, Paris, 1978, p.30.. . Ii@) . A}fred Grosser, et . '.BOftUa~. Fran~9is Goguel La politique en France, Armand Colin,. Paris, 1980, p.l00.. £e,''''U, poUt;",e. 4411. '4 Fllance d'alljollrd'hui, .. .. I. Seuil, paris, 1977, p.179.. .. • $Z_if 0 • • ..I..J ~ .1 ~i<II.w-.~~~~.;I;!1*~HII.~~II!lUi~Wli!f ~ -1J;ll$S:Rii:::1~~~~~~ .. ~*:Riiim~~mw:iI- .. -m~~ ~it! • •:lil1P<#;": :!1~#(1OO~tH~~II~~lID~iI-~~~~~11+ I Di1a~:Ri~lH1l~~gr+ 1~11!~.~~I!lll({l€~ .. l!Iifi~~W 11!!~ • •~~.~H~~ ... ~.~~ • • • {il*~:lil&• • ~~"~~~~~.~~~E~.~~]Ci'&~.~~ .. ~~]Ci'~.{[r .~ilIIiH~J ~~{[~~ .. @ 1-F!KfR-tIt I ~ .. ~8J~~~~1E~~.iI- .. :fK~• • it1".r-l4J:(4a~ .. ~E-W~-4<:t(mWiOJ[ ~~~~~-<~~ .. 1 -F!KfR-tIt+l1~:fK.]tt!.{1P<:t:iIe! • •HE~33:~~~-<~;I)1::~ (Franc;ois Mitterrand) ~~.~ ~~.{!l1!!: .W~11.~~I~iI-~~~~fR+grDi1afR~~1ID~{l!lII~.~ .. e~if:~W. 1 .~1ID~iI-~wtt->~~~11+11~~Jl~ .. j§• • • 1Of[.~ .11.i\mMIl .. !!l!a4p.4J:j~-<~~rm~\1lII!l .. ~:t(iI-~~~_~~ml~mW*ilIImJi[:fKtW{Iit~ 0 ~g~ArI~~~~~...LJ .. 1 -F!KK-tIt+l1~ 11+m .. :fKtW~~iHre;l)1::~HE~~~ r4J:j~it!l• •lIf{#l-<-H~~J (Federation de la Gauche Democrate et Socialiste-F. G. D. S.) ~m!Qtp.-, I ~~~~411:$i{W .. @:1~l!iE.~~mw:iI-}rrI~1P<~ ~~:$i{W~~.w 1 -F!K~-tltl11~~II!~III.~.tr~~~~ .. ~-k(~IIl" :fK~~~. 1.~1ID~iI-E~~~~11+11Bigr~~ml* .. ~ 1 -F!Kll-t1t!m~~11+ 1 9i~~~{!l1!!: .. ~{l€-k(~.~~.2p.-, 1l1+11~ "l!<:fKtW.~~~.~:$~~+ll1{l€ j§re~~~ r4J:jl$SiIe!• • ~#l-<-H~~J ~~E~!t.~~.":fK~ I ~11+ 1~ o~~~~~~.~~~~~~~::\tblj1(~"'R:t(~~l-F!K<-tltgr~"~~.~~~ilIIiH~~~~"~~:fK~.HE~~~~ • • ~er .. ~~4p.4J:j~it1• • -<~«t\H .. :Mm!l1~~Hm~nm::~~~~~~,~ 1 -F!K<-tltgr~ .. {l!lII~~~Bml-r<~~~~~~:t(ilIIiH~~ijij 0. 0. Q. 0. ~"~~:fK~~~~~~~.~W~fR~.~~." rfR~~~#l.II!~--~~'~~'~.'~~~~~.2~~~Bml-~r<~ ~~. .. m~:fK~.~l~.~.~i\~i::::l~ 0 Jo @ J1m~.~]Ci'~lifilimWmtm:fKtW.~~~* ... 1 ~.g~<4~~~~~iilii\*~~~ ~ 0 ~m' 1 ~1:fKtW~~#l!Hl.\~lit-< .. ~~~~~~<Jp~ (Louis Aragon) ~.2R1~ (Roger Garaudy) .~~.~lf.tlll~~ • • ~~o~~ .. ~.m .. m~:fK~~~~~~~~l¢~lf.t*~~~~~@:~~~.~~~~~ .. ~.~*~~l¢~~~~r~ ~~~H<J ~.~~~o .g~~~1!I.~.i.4F~~3Ilk$:ilIIiH~.~~~~ 0 r~~.~J ae~~:fKJnl+< .... ]!!l.{~~:t(~lifa~ ~ .. ~~~:fK~~~?A:~~~.~OO~ l!¢~. I -F!K<-tltK~~!Bfd.:l:Her.tr ~ 1 ~ll~~~~~~mr.rIM;~iIe!~ • • :fKit!ll~HE~ ~~~1:P~.~iIR(l~~jI JlmJi:~.~e4p.:fK~~mH!ll(iIe!.~~4a~~mJ$«~ .. ~~~:fK.~fIluij4\!<!{[l!!i::::lilII#l~~~ ilII 1-F!K-F! ~K~-i! "1II~IEJ.~.~.!w.~ .. ~iHa.~~~~ CGeorges Marchais) j:(~~.~~ 1 -F!~11-t1t.l1+1Ii1l411~~*+< ~iI-"~~r-l~*~.~~ .. mtm:fK~.~~~~r<p.-,~I1!!~~o~~~~~.~~.fR:fK~~*":fK~.HE.~~~~+<~~. .. Q. 0. ,. 1. 0. *'. t.liI@ Jean-Paul Brunet, Histoi,e du P. C. F.• Que sais- je? P. U. F., Paris. 1982, p.10}. iIiI@ Alfred Grosser et Fran~ois ,Goguel, La Polit/que en France, Armand Colin, Paris. 1980. p.100. ~1.

(5) ~~~$~ ~~~. ~-~. ~~~~~~. ~Il. .~~~~<i@$~~ • • Iii:m.~Q. (Alfred Grosser) ~1Dl!:'I$}& (Franc;;ois Goguel) HEI~ ~ ~~iU!Il:B:tlC.ffUIDlIii-N,~ .. ~~~~~ ~~:m~~ ~ -W~6I{ .J.itS:~e;~tf~l(:-!i[ @ • tnt: .J.i .. ~~~l:BffUIDlIii~ .. -J::4~ 1tR(~:EAIME~l!l#* ' ~11i .. !i[ilr~~tEtS:~I!!# .~~~• • ~o~~"~~.~-W.~:m~M~.·!i[ilr~$.~:tlCM.:m~ ... I(:-.~.~.-J::4:m.~ol~~l."~• • ~~*m>411~$~"A\ ~ $~;;IJ1~~ • • (Ie Parti Socialiste) .. -mia~mW~ 1 .I~ ;@IIHit:tlCM.tS:~ • •~mV<.~ 1• • I..{:m~~ ~ lEitJ• • R\~{W~~m>411:tlC.~~~-1J:l~~lIl:{:m$E~ ~~mV<~.~ 1 ~~11.Km::l1+~m~!lJ!Ilr~ 1~ r:tlC!i[~~lI J.m;J ~ 1IJ.m;-H-~:S: .. ~4~~.~~~~t'-~grlfi~~~~~·· 1mV<~In-lH~l!H!lKlt!~lIl:{+H~ .. 11~~!lt{<4itI!1.~ ~ 11lmV<;jjfHI!~lIl:{+H~ ~ grmV<~i!.1Et-~-R~~!lt{~Si411~ -W~~~ ~ -m~.1oj[~IlJ~$1· $Iu.\i=~~ (Georges Pompidou) -W:4;l~~ ~ ~{.Q:~~. :m~~~~*~~ .. ~:j(mV<~~f- (Valery Giscard d'Estaing) ~tS:.11l[!~~\Il!.<mV<f!;llI(:-~. G 1 ~~gr ... =nt~*~~~ .. tRm::.~~~ .. -m~{.Q:~.1nI!~~~*~~ (Jacques Chaban-Delmas ) tS:oo.~f-f!;ll~~~fft~~~-< .. ~~~~{.Q:~oo.~ f-.2l~.:mlB.l~~.~.J.l;1~:tlCM.tS:itJim.HEil>{~:m~ I ~~-<ia~m ;@IIH~~.~411:m$E~mV<~:j(W;~ .. 1 ~110 ' 1110~gr O.£t: .. :tlCM.~~~~.~~ ~IE 1 ~~11 • .J.l;1~m>411~*" .g!i[;;IJ1mn~• •~:tl~ (Jean Touchard) HE~$" ;;IJ1~:tlC M.ilm~-W$ • .J.i ' -<~.J.i~}tgii.J.i$t!tS~ 1 $[~.:m~~ .. ~mV<-Wllm!l!!H~J§ .. iJii.1i1DM1~jljIj!~ .. ~1EmV<~im.:mIR-Rm~.~ " @ ~~.J.i~.~m>~~~:m~~~.~~;;IJ1~~~~ .. ~:j(mV<-W~~~~~.J.i~~~~"~~-Wl~~~.~m::~~$~~o~~1 ~<l.Km::"ia~m;@IIH~fft~."l:B.gr:4;l:tlCM • • ~~~~"~.~R\m>~lao 2l.l&~~1E1P11I .. ;;IJ1~:tlCM.-W!!l~~~:m~~tS:-l(~IlJl!!UI!Ii:tlC:m~~ 1 ~~K.llm:: ~ -W~11+11tm!4l1~£t:1tR(~im.J.i ~;;IJ1~:tlC • •~.~.r~• • • • ~J:m~."IE.~.~~:mlll:{+H~$o@~~im.~~.mV<~~~*.~~:mI~~im. ~~ ~ .~~t::Qi11l[!'lt .. r~~itJim+H1Ijm[~J ,,@-maR 1$[$::~*~ .. ~.1tR(~l1lil~:S:;;IJ1~:tlC • •~MtS:~~~~ibt:tlC.lII~ .g!i[~~H!frI.~~.IlI.. 0. Q. 0. 0. 0. 0. tii@ [did.. p. 101. Jean Touchard .• La Gauche en France depuis 1900, Seuil. Paris, 1982. p.360. iIiI@ [bid., p.362• . iIaI@ Jean-Paul Brunet, Hisloire du P. C.F. Que sais-je7 P. U. F. Paris. 1982. p. llO• it1@. •. ~I~~.G-WI~~K~J~~~ • • ~~~. ... m~:tlC• • • •~~.~.~~.-<.:m~a~.~~~.~~~m~tS:. .:tlC~~:m~~G. • • .J.i~;@IIH~~~:tlC • • '1I~W;:tlC.~~~~~:tlC • • iJii.1i-W~MtS:Ii~~-J::41~~:m~~~!i[~~~M~~ {w.Jm~:tlC.~ii:m~ •.~ !!l~~ I ~HEIi:m r ibt:tlC+H1I J (I'Eurocommunisme) ~IE· W*;;IJ1:tlCtS:~im • .J.l;1~m>~:m:!:l< ~~;;IJ1~:tlC • • ~~~ .. <i@~~~~~I$[~.itJim~i!.~~~:m$::~·~~~;;IJ1tS:~.lIl:{+H~~:m~im~~~~G~~~~~ <i@~l~~.Iim>~~.:tlC.Jm~"~.~im~~itJimlll:{+H:m.~.J.i"B:!:l<~:tlC • •:m• • ~G-W~.~t'-"I~~~."~:tlC ~11+11ltm!4l1~£t:1tR(~im-H- .. fft.Iii.~~~<4~1tR(1lE!~~tS:.ibt:mitJim+H1IJm~:m~. r~Ill*.mV<~~:mJ (globalement positif) .. Jffi:ilr~~~~.~$.~~:m~~-lIl:{'I+l,*-H-~ ~ ~~~~~Ii~~~~ 1 ~~~.+11m:: ·1im>BmI-~~!l$:~JllJtl a:-nnmlt .. ;;IJ1:tlC-W~.~-H-mV<~ 1 ~ibt~~:tlC.il>{~Ii~-J::4~~ I ~<O. 1m:: •• ~*ilmK~~tS:Ii~~IIIl~IBll~9}!Ht< (L. Br ejnev).}!iI-Nit .. ~<4~1tR(IlE!~!i[~~BmI-~I<~t£-nnmlt .. ~:~~:U1t.~W;:tlC. ' ~~~:tlC. ' Wi.tlf!)gj~-mE~~-tt<HE~to:m$P-:l+H .~~o@!!l • • r.:tlC+H1IJ:m~~~;;IJ1:tlC.~~~:tlC.~ • • ~o~IE~~~~:m~I..{~-J::4.~U~~ • • • • • -H-+H.~-J::4 , -Illl-m~:m• •:ml(:-~ .. ~mV<9Y~~1l~.-<-tH~~~~~ ~-<~~itJl!¢(iittlllt (Roland Leroy) ~~~~~l:B-H-«~.im?i$ • • ?i$t!UI:me:4;l"1lR 1:4;l-H-«~.il!(~~ (Henri Fiszbin) :S:~~=Cl~1iIi (Les bouches s'ouvrent) 1. ~ ~~~~1~.:m~ *tS:.~ .. ~~I(:-~~.-H-«~.~im+H1I~~ • •:m~.:m~~ .. !i[ilr~~.~-Illl~.~oil!(~~~.~-N.~a~-H-«~. 1.o!!l• •¢~ •••I!!~~~~~im~HE • • ~~~.~I!!#.~:tlC• •:m~lIl:{lE.~.-lH~~~~~~ol~<1.mm:: 11+Krnfft~~mi:m~ 1 .~~~-H-" ~~.~Im~-N+tRmfi111:m~lID~" ~~l1lil~:tlC• • :mmIJ!{.-;lJ1~:tlC¥Si~~*mV<~*~~~:!:l<tIll 0. 0. 0. 0. c. mln~~~~~4l1l1l:{1\!!!l~~lID~ , ~.:mft::41:( • ~ 1.~~~-H- .. ~m-<D(.J\t(:'I$~411~~~tS:.m ~ ~~m-<~leI~~~~ .. • ~-W~ 1 .~lB.l~-H-~lB.l~~ • • :m~:4;l~~.~~-< ~ lei. ~~.~~;@IIHm ~ ~~11!Il1!lf;iR.~!l$:to~11.~lB.l~ ~ ~-W~11.~~~it. R.*~.~~fft~;@IIHm-<o@.~~~~.:m~l.~.-H-~.J.l;1{.Q:.:m~ • • ~~ • • • • • ~~-<~l~§~.~m-<.4l1 Ii@ [bid.. p. 115. W@ Maurice Duverger. Breviaire de la cohabitation, P. U. F. Paris, 1986, p.l28.. -\J111.

(6) -\11 1. .gDE~;mffifIl.~~.WUOO (Alfred Grosser) ~~~lit (Franc;ois Goguel) HEIt:( ~ ~~.ti:i:fi(~9Ui.fi;\fi-Nl~ ~ ~~~~~ ~.~~.~W~.~S=.E~~DEQ@ • • ~~~ • • ti:i$.fi;\fi.~~W • • ~~~~.*.'~.~DER~W~S~.# • • ~~ • • ~Q~~~~~~.W.~~~M~~.DER~~.~:fi(M.~~.~~~~~.d~~.~Q 1~~1~~~ • • ~~~~4[l~$'l:1f~ ~ $'l:1f~~~ • • (Ie Parti Socialiste) ~ 'HH~ttF:~ti:i~ 1.fi;\fi <! {b!HR:fi(#:!l:l.S~• • ~mW~. 1Ill. Il,(~~~ ~ fE~• • rx~{W~~~4[l:fi(.~~~.w~~!I!{~.~ ~ .mWl:• • 1 ~~11~Km::l1+~m~ID\QI~ 1 ~ r:fi(DE$~. 1l%J ~ $~-H-~~ ~ ~t~I:{~~~~:~:W-~g[ii~:\tl~~~·· 1mW~IHrH):gS~lJ;!I!{111~ ~ l1mW~~<4~lIII.~ ~ It1mW~~!I!{+H~ ~ g[mW~~~~-R~~~~~A[l~ W~~~ ~ -m.it1r@:~1lJ~~ • ~~=Bt~ (Georges Pompidou) W~$~ ~ ~W~~. ~~~~~*~~ ~ 4<:W::mWoo.~-¥- (Valery Giscard d'Estaing) ~SiO![~~Jm.<mW~~~. 1 ~~g[,* ~ =Bt~t+\~~~ 'I. 'I. ~ }!:lm::$~~~ ~ -m~W~it1n![~~~*.~ (Jacques Chaban-Delmas ) Soo.~-¥-~~'fI!l.~$~~~-< ~ ~~;!Jpl'l:1fW~oo.~ -¥-.~~_~lID~~.~.w~:fi(¥ElI.S~ • • HE1f>(~~~ 1 ~~-<ta.ttF:~ {b!H~I:.~4[l~.~mW~:W::~~~ ~ 1 ~110 ' 1110~gr O~~ ~ :fi(¥ElI.$n~~~Ill.~ ~fE 1 ~~11~~~~4[l~* ~ .gDE~~~{~.~:tl~ (Jean Touchard) HE~$ ~ ~~:fi( #:!l:l.~~W$.~'-<_~~~~~~~~l@~.~~.~~mWw~~~~~~~~~~~~fEmW~ • • ~$-Rm~~~o@ ~~~I: • • ~~~~~~~~~~~~.'l:1f~.~4<:W::mWw~~~~g~~~Jm.<~~*.Wl~~~~~m::~$~.o~~1 ~<1~Km::~ta.ttF:~{b!H~$~.~W.g[~:fi(#:!l:l • • ~~~~·I:·~rx~~1go ~l~fi~~fEl~m ~ ~1m:fi(-lI:!II.W~~~~~~~~~S • • llJ~:ill~:fi(~~~ 1 ~~K~11m:: ~ W~11+111ffi!4t11m:t:.~.~ ~~Im:fi(-lI:!II.~ • •~ r~-lI:!II~~.~J ~Dll~ ~ fEliiIS[i£~IR~~!I!{111~;:1g o.@ ~of\< • • ~~~mW~-a.<~*~~-~ 1 of\< ~ • • ~~ ~ l!l?;.~.l!t1r@:*·· r~~~.111.K~J @-maR 1 $I<![~*~ ~ ~1ll.I$1!li{l\f:~~Im:fi(#:!l:l.~MSt~~~~~:fi(#:!l:lIlI~ 'I. 0. 0. 0. diliI@ Idid., p.101. ;!;tI@ Jean Touchard., La Gauche en France depuis 1900, Seuil, Paris, 1982, p.360.. iIii® I6i4., p.362 hGl~Br""-. 'WOO".. 4tt'P;C~F. Que. saiHe7 P. U. F. Paris, 1982, p.l10.. ~~I.W.oWl~~K~I~~~ •• ~~~~~~:fi(.~~~~~.-H-.~~.-<~~~d~.~~~.~~'l:1f~# •. • • 4~~R~~~-lI:!II.,.~~:fi(~.~~~~:fi(#:!l:l.~W~~S~~~1~1~~~~~~DE~~~M~~ iW~~§1R~.~~~Dll. ,~ 9;1~~~ 1 ~HEmffi~ r ~:fi(111. J (I'Eurocommunisme) ~fE ~ ~*~:fi(S~ • • ~~~m1~:l:K •. ~R~~~~o. 0. ~~~~:fi(~.~~~~~~~~~~l@~.~.~~~~.~<![~~~~~~S~.!I!{~~~~~.~~~~o~.~~~ ~~1~~.~~~~~:fi(~~~~~$~.~~~.!I!{111~~~~·fE:l:K~:fi(~.~~~~oW~~~~~1~~~~~~:fi( ~11+111Im!4t1~:t:.~.-H- ~ $.fi;\fi~.~~<4~.I\f:~~S.~~~.111.Im~~~~ r$e!*~mW~lI[!~~J. 1 ~~~~+11m:: ~ ~~Bm\-~~~~~ ~ill!l!l:l:: ~ ~:fi(W~.~-H-mW~ 1 ~~~~:fi(.1f>(~~~1~~. 1 ~<O~ 1m:: ~ ~.~~~\'itS~~~Dll~ell1~9}!l+l< (L. Br ejnev).~-NR ~ ~<4~.I\f:*[fg:~~Bm\-~t<t{~iDIIIl:l:: ~ ~~mt.~~:fi(., ~~~:fi({~ , ~HIf?~m1~1m:~:tct+l<HE~ll;~~P-:l111 .~~o@ • • • r~:fi(111.J~&~~~:fi(.~Im~:fi(.~ • • ~o~fE~~~~~~.~~WMg~~ • • • ~~-H-111~~~ , {I[I-m~~.IIIII(~~m ~ ~mW~~~~Ii~~-<+l~~~~:l$:!; .g-<~$!~~:jij#!ll- (Roland Leroy) ~~:l$~~W-H-«~Drm;.~tllIl~ ~tllIl~~~ ~ aR 1 ~-H-«~mn(.~~ (Henri Fiszbin) ~~~mBi[Jillffi (Les bouches s'ouvrent) 1tllIl ~ ~~~mt1~.~~ ~S~~~&~~~~.-H-«mt~~.111 • • ~~.~~~~~~~[i£R~~~~{I[I~~~o.~~~~~-N~~~~-H-«~IIIII( positif). ~ DER~~~~.~$.~~~~~-!I!{+H~-H-~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~. (globalement. 0. 0. 0. 1.o.~.~.~.~.~~~~~.~HE.~~~~.~.#.~:fi(#:!l:l.~~!I!{fE~~#:!l:l~~.~~~~ol~<1~§m::. 11+KDl.~~~~~. 1 .~\tiJ~tr. ~ HIf?~~fm~-N+}!:lii111~~\til~ ~ !~~1!li{I\f::fi(#:!l:l{~~~!I!{.~IiTI:fi(~{~~*mW~*~]'iq~:l:KM. 'I. ~~$~~~~4t1!1!{~.~!m~ , I:.~~'h:( ~ ~ 1 .~!mHf- ~ ~~-<D(~f$I(~~4[l~~-@S~&I;~ ~ ~~~-<.~~~*~~ lID~_~~{b!H~ ~ ~~111I11!1~*~~ll;~11.~\til~ ~ ~W~11.~*I~R • • ~W~ 1 .~\tiI~-H-~lID~~~~~I:~~~~~~-< ~ ~ e~* ~.~{b!H~-<o@.~$.~~~~1.~.-H-~~W~~~.~~~a • • • ~~~-<~1~~~.~.-<~4t1. •••. 1iIil@ Ibid•• p.llS. 1iIil@ Maurice Duverger, JJreviaire de la cohabitation, P. U. F. Paris, 1986, p.12S. ~111. -. --~--. --. ---~--. ----~. -------------~~-~-. -. ----------. .

(7) , - ,. ,. :i.mtt$~ '.~~. • .-4¥i. ~Iil~.ijj-Sm::. -R~.~.ll.-~ml~jg~-R,.. 1¢~I§:fitK~-:S.~]'il'-m~IIDR$BlKlE1l!i~~~~.:ffllmR~mK~.-R" *~~Il1~~~:ffl~~ I ~< 1{+Hlt~!IllIi.:ffl~ I .~IIDH}" " ~~~~~fm~-N+H=lJiill1:ffl~~lR ,,~~~Ittt~-f (m~Ill:?111li[~) , fa:.\tf:~ (~• •O ~iP€~ ~ (:fK,*~~) 1l1~~~-<" !1)~~m~#:*=11!.*~~ 1@~;f!iIll+<:ffl.t;::. 1E'l~!l)t~~iIIll ~111i({l:l-~*" llfHlttas~mlR~~~:ffll f{< o :!if{<~lm~~~~:ifi1!!!S1E'l~11 " 1~~~~:fK:roo.IIIll(~)m~~~fa:.\tf:~ .. :l!l~~~~.11.~IIDR:ifi~~-< .. 11~a~~~ .. :fK:roo. *~:ifi~~mK~~~*~~~~o.H=l~.$~~~K~~Ill:?.~~:ifi~~ .. ~~m~~~~~*-<~~.W:ifi~~~l~~ ~~iIIl:j:j(:roo~~!:!I{:ifiii>{~ .. 1E'l:!i*llElmU:Jt~mK#:~,l({~rrm:$~ ~~:l!l:fK#:!ll.~~mK~ • • :ifi~~I~IHQ .. K~11+1t1Il1 .. ~:j:mmK m~#::roo • • • ~l~r:fK~.~.~J .. ~~~~.~* .. ~.#::roo.li[~E • • $~~ .. ~~ii>{~ .. ~.~*«~~,.~ • • ~~U • • •~B~~~l~ ... ~~~.m• • • -m~.~ • • ~~ • • • ~iIIl-m~:ifi~~o@-m~ • • ~"* .. :j:j(:roo~ ~*k-'<@:ffu~ r4J:J~.~J :ifi~~.J..j ., li[Il1 .. fa:j:ml±l~EfgJ:~:j:j(:roo{z:l!l1.J!Il(~~I«" *:j:ui.{ (Charles Fiterman) ~{"U~~I«" m;1!!~E (A. Le Pors) ~ll;!~~#!I-~I«" ~Ml~ (Jacques Ralite) ~!ln~ihlj1~I«~~.l!Q[ (Marcel Rigout) ~.~iif,~.;~~I« o.~:fK:roo • • :ffl~~.~.M~=~~.-~K~• • :ifi~*-~~~*.J..j-* • •mK:j:j(• • ~~-N~":fK • • • ~~& •• ~• • :ifi~~ .. ~~~~~-~~~~~~1.~~:ifi~~.,~jgl~<1{l:l-+11~" • • ~~~~.~~• • ~~H~~ .. ~ ~iIIl-mH.1'1lf~~~~ (Lesch Walersa) .. .w~~mE.M~+<:ifiVli!U. P-:l~~.~• • ~~lli!lel~~~"• • ~ti::~~~~~ .~.-N~ .. m.:fK:roo.1'1lf• • • • ~=*~ ".M~~ • • ~:fK • • ii>{~.:ffl~.o~~W~.~.~ • • (A~~~ ~~l) • • ~~~"~.:fK • • ~.~I • • ~.~:ifi~~-~.~.K.~:ifi~.~~ .. ~ • • ~$ • • ~ .. ~~ • • ~1 .~§4r(:ifiit!.111i1" ~~~~ga;mK~liif.J..j .. *k-'<~~~WHI~*.:ifi.\!ll( "lE.Ml~.ll{~:ifi~~ @".p(-Y .. iIIl~ 1 ~<11.ij:j-K ~~ • • ~~.~ • • ~.~*.fful~<g{l:l-~~:fK:roo.~1¢.K.~~~:ifi.E{l:l--N~ .. m.:fK• • l • • ~l.~.~~ iIIl~:ifi~~"l~l§~l~~$.~ • • g~.IIIll(~~~~~*.4J:J.~~ • •:ifi1!!!S."~~B*~ • • ~~~~~• • ~ • • :t:-K':>{~~":l!l~ 1 ~!:!I{~~K~4J:J~tr~:fK~ft>~~II?;{~ .. ~Wll :all:fK:roo.{"nm(~~I1l. ritm:E~~J :ifi~.jg~.:ifi~m~ffu ~.".Rli[~.ii>{~~• • o~a:!i:ffl• • ~·m~:j:j( • • ~~~~.trl~«~o iIIll~<l.ij:j-H=l~~~m.~.J..j~~* .. -m~~ • •:ifi• • ~.~~~~~~«.mK~~m~:ifi~~ .. GIE'l:!i~~~~l~ 0. 0. 0. .. ••. 0. 0. tJilS\ Maurice Seveno, Les Premiers jours de Mitterrand, Stock, Paris, 1981, ~pp.175·178.. t.IiI® Ibid.. < ,,·1t0' Alain Duhamel, "La crise du Parti Communiste Francais," Le Monde, Ie 27 dec, 1981.. ,. . , , y~.-.".; LeaA~alduChan8ement".L' MOltde.le let Jan; 1983.. <ll.l!f-K~~~~rrfl~H'J~~, .. a;tl1iiii1!¢:'fi<~~ "1m• • ~K~~~ ~R:fK:roo• • • ~~~*(~~~llE.~~P-:l.~~~I@.\:ifi ~. ~"lir~ttt~~~ (MaQrice Duverger) • •~~:'£ .. m.:fKH:li!• • • "lirlE!!1PIII?;{.:ifi~1{ .. ~~~.~.mz~• • • lfg;~. .••. 0. 0. ~:ifi:l!:!mit{ .. ~"lir~~.mz.mz/1J:ffl~~ @ ~ 1 ~<ln{l:l-1l1~:ifiml§1E-t'li~.tr .. 4J:J~«*~gr+.1E-." ~.~~$.{ !a~m~!iiI ~~ .. li["lir~ • •K.lfg;• • ".~~.:ifir.&~.J .... «:fKii>{:'£'~.~.~*,.~• • • ~Im.* ofa:j:m~ K~:ifilf{<~ • •tr~:j:~~$"~.l±l~l • • lfg;~ • • • I@.\~§~Ill:?:ffl:j:j(~~~o®~jg:!i~ • • ~1¢ • • ~:fK:roo.:ifi~~ *~ ~gr~:ifi.tr«8 • • • •tr".~~*.tr«~*~$·:j:j( • • ~mK* • • •~:ifi • •~• • ~~:ifi"~*~ • •~~ .~:ifir.&~~J.M~:j:j(:roo.~:ffl~.o®l§~m~:j:j( • • • • ~~~:ifi~."~~."~~~ • •:ifi~.-<~~~~~. ~.:j:j(• •:ffl:!lfl1,~ 1~<gr{l:l- 1~ .. ~~~1~1II-< .. mllr~~~~~-f!ll(Max Gal1o)~:j(~*IWI.4a-M1-@: I @Uli~$l-< ffi.l.tr"l~B• • m.~• • ~ • • ~.~:ifi• • • "~~B • • •m~:fK:roo• • • • ~~.#4r(:ffl¢ ... ~\!ll(l* • • ~.~~.:ifi~~o®jg~~~~m~ • • • • • •~"4J:J~~~~~~.~~o®~~~~~ • •~~*~Ml ... II?;{~~gr~ KH .~4QM*~~l;!11E~ 1I?;{~~• •~~~!t\t~~* • • • •~~~:ffl.Dm:~~ ...ME.IIl~:fflI::tJ~ K~+~ Il1:ffliif~ • • tm~tr .. m~:fK• •~~l;lffuf'-.~\1I!I1l~~ . . . . ~:!if\<tm~:ffliflil(@~~~~iDIi! (grll~) .. ~~:fK:roo{tH'!111~~tm~-N+ 1Jiill:ifi ~lmR" ~nK~mKll{l:l-~~l1mlI~1IJM:ifi~W:.Ifi~!t. (Ie Front National) ~~.J..j~ (t¥1! 1 1~:ifi~llR) l~.:!if{<~.«~ .. ~ 1E'l~11 ~. 1~~ • .J..j~~*:ifi~lfg;.~*~!Iit~«~~!i? .. 11~~:roo.:ifi~Ill:?~K.-;ljjII?;{1rf~ ., :!if{<~~-N~ ~ :fK:roo~:ifiWi!U!'lt.lm!! 0. .. 0. 0. 0. ~~.-<.~.".llr~~-<·~~~·I«·~~··~:,£l±l~.:ifi• • ~"®~~• •*~~.~ • •~.:ifiS*~ • • • ~. ~~~~«~"~~:fK:roo.~~.~~.M~~~:fflr~~~J ol§~~~~.:ifi«~'~~~#!I-m~:ffl~~~~~~:ifi«~" fa:j:m.~~~~+~m1¢.~4i1~~ .. l±l~Ef-l+t-.lll+<~:ifiH~~llij:(mllf~ (Laurent Fabius) ~:fiMl .. Jlit~~i1U~\11tB!(~~ m~~~:ffl~IUltl~lllIt (Pierre Mauroy) :!if{<~!iiltr ~ -m~:fK*lI1.~*~mz~~~:ifi~~+<~~ll{l!l!~~:es~tQ:ifi.~K~. ..~~ ... 0. 9.?l:!i~{1:!i*~~~~ ~~-m:j:j(:roo.~;1J;!n&:8.~:fc~*l~.~*:ifi~$tr]'il'~~!t\t .. l~~~~:'£ .. m!lm~~~~.~ I 0. -------. 1Iit!@ Maurice Duverger. "Trois visages du socialisme fran~ais," Le Mondll, Ie 22 dec, 1982. L. Monde. Ie 10 juin. 1983. LB Mond" Ie 24 avrU, 1983.. Le MOM" Ie 24 jan. 1984.. Ibid.. i1i18 iIiI® t.IiI® t.IiI$. t.IiIlS Patrick Jarreau, "Ie nouveau recul duP;C: F. relance Ie debat sur sadjrecti~n". L~ Mona" Ie ·19 juin, 1984..

(8) ·. ~.. 0 '. - . . .. •. -R~'($,~.11.~lIDR\§~-R·~ l¢f::wr:l(:¥!-E>.~!tt'1Htlt1IDR~*\§Jl!!P-:li'->it!l:tl~.:Jfl~IR~K~.-R ~ *~~m~~~:Jfl~~. I ~< 1-ltI-:fiU~~$:Jfl~ 1 .~mlHf- ~ ~~ • •tlttm~N+}1:j~111:JflmIIDR ~ ~~:w;oo-.~f- (:It1llm~1+I1i§:~) , I!:j:~ (~• •D ~1!€~ ~ (:j:j(*~~) 111:t:l~m-< ~ !1Jllllli:lt1llm:j:j(~.*~~ 1ll!!~~-K:Jfl.t;;::. ~~!1JlIll~{J]l 1 ~l1H(-ltI-Z$* ~ l~.l:lEWl~lR.~~:Jfll ~ " ::!r~Wlml~*~~:Jfl~~~11 ~ 1~~~~:j:j(~{~IJ!.Il(~1IDR~~I!~~ ~ l!1;¥!~~~.11.~1IDR:Jfl~m-< .. 11~.g~t!E~ .. :j:j(*lll. *~:Jfl~~~~~~*~~~~o.}1:j~~~m~~K~llm~~.~~:Jfl~~"I!~~~i'->~~;¥!*-<~~• • :Jfl~~~l~$ ~Wl{J]l:j:j(-lilt~~ffi?:Jflif>{:it .. HSl:tt*\~mi!~K:j:j(#1!.!.M~$~ " ~i'->l!1:j:j(+Ml1~~~K~.~:Jfl~~liii141J .. K~11+111m .. ta~~mr:: :It1.:j:j(+Ml1• • • i'->I~r:j:j(Ii§:.~.~J "®~.~.~~~~llm:j:j(~.~ME • • ~~~ .. ~~if>{~ .. ~.~~«.~r.f:: ~.~~ • • • • f::wr.~Ii§:I~."~~~.~.~.1H~.~ • • Z$~.~.~{J]l1H~:Jfl.~o.1H.ll!!.~.* .. :j:j(*lll. ~~rx@I~i'-> r .J.l:l~~llliU :Jfl~~..y ~m .. ta~~tl:i<21'g[:t:l:j:j(-lil{~{~omr.:~lijElIlj:( ~ .~nt( (Charles Fiterman) ~~t!l!'tlijElIlj:( .. • •l& (A. Le Pors) ~~t!.~:pEj.lijElIlj:( ~ .gp~~ (Jacques Ralite) ~JU:~:ij-JlijElIlj:(~~.f@l (Marcel Rigout) ~~~llfhf,iti!f.tfifo.lIlj:( " ~~:j:j(-lil.rrw::Jfl~r<.~~~aS;i'->}gIf::llm~ ~ :R:j(~:1llKllm:Jfl~fi:r\ ~ f51~:\nW*..y .. ~• •K:j:j(-lil• •~Nl~ ~ :j:j(-lil.iii\~~~~\lB!ll ~.~:Jfl.~ ~*l(~~~ ~ ~~~~~:it I $!)l~~:Jfl~~ " ~\§ 1 ~< 1-ltI-+ll~ ~ .l:I!~~~~')(~~~~~~H~~ .. ~ ~{J]l1HH.1\llf~lI!l1i:ro (Lesch Walersa) .. .wllm~~~4li~-K:Jfl• • "P-:l~:It1 • .r@ll!U.• ~~.~'($,~~f,jm(.~.~~~.~~ .~.N~·:It1llm:j:j(M.1\llf.~.~~.~:it.~ .. ~tillm~ • • ~:j:j(*lll.if>{:it_:Jfl~~,,:It1llmW~.~_~l&.(Ma~~ ha~l) • • ~~~~mllm:j:j(*lll.~.~l • • ~.~:Jfl~~~~.~.~.~:Jfl~.~Ii§:"f51~.~~ • • ~·~~~.~1 .:It1I!t;(:Jfl~.1+I ... f51~~.~mr::~g{..y .. ~rx~;ll:H~~~.:Jfl'MEIm\· \E~~:~.~~:Jfl~~" ® .~..y .. {J]l~ 1 ~<ll-lt1-K 0. 0. 0. .. ~~.W~~.~~~~~~*~~I~<§-ltI-~~:j:j(*lll.~l¢~K.~~~:Jfl.E-ltI-N~·~llm:j:j(~~I~.~I.~~~~ {J]l~:Jfl.~"lf::wr~ll¢~~.:it • •g[:t:l• • ~r<.~~~ • .J.l:l.~~~.:Jfl~~·~f::wr~~~.~*.~:Jfl• • • ~mr::. ~~.~~l!1~I~~~:R~~.J.l:l~~~:j:j(~~~~~~"~~I~l:j:j(-lil• • • ~~.r~~E~~J:Jfl~.\E~~:Jfl~m~~ ~~. ...\E~.~if>{:it~• • " ~.g::!r:Jfl~I1i\~1-'- • ~llm:j:j(*lll.~.r@~~.~ 11¢:!l<~ Wl~<l-lt1-}1:j~~~~.~..y*~*"1H:W;~.~:Jfl • • • ~~~~~~~:!l<.~t!l!'t~~~:Jfl~~~@M:tt~Wl~:W;I~. ilS. 0. Maurice Seveno, Les Premiers jours de Mitterrand. Stock, Paris, 1981. ~pp.175-178.. ""Lac'flae 4" PartiCommuniste. Prancais.· Le Monde.le 27 dec. 1981.. ".. .. ,lPu..

(9) lW® Le Monde. Ie- 20 juillet. 1984. 1I.l;i@Andre Fontaine. "Fabius sans Fabien n , Le Mon~e. Ie 2S juillet, 1984. itt® Le Monde, Ie 26 jui11et, 1984. 1A MOMe, \0 31 JuiUet.l984. . ·il~~:"1m.· ... • ,~~$lFJJ{;: ... ;t!11lm-#(1fJI1{n(~~1~~~;gr~I:ki=-~ti'I:k~r<"%~~-#(IlE:e!. 1~<H:l.li:!- 1m::: .. -#(tM!!_~11+H:lWJ4l1§~*-K .~.~"~~~~ • • ~~~~"~~~.~~.~.~S~.N~~~W".~« • • • • • ~.l~~~~l~<g.li:!-~ ~S~~~~~."IlE:~~~~~".S~~~~~~~~.~~~.~.S~~o®~~.~S~~~• • ~*~~~ ... ~ *-<.w~.~~~~~I1~~~~~~!!l?~~ +~$" .~~~~W'$tiDI~*,Ut 1. . . .~#~~~;!l1§=l=K~.S~-K~~~~~~ ~ •• "M~.I.~<O." •••~.* ~€~~~~«$."~~.~.B.S~~"~~.~~.o@.~"~~ti lii-l:::f~~~~ • • S~~ 1H~..y~~,!1l:!til.~*~ -: i\l1lmn=l=K~.S~ijfal!j.r;-r\~~*~~\lffil1 .. ~e~~~~H-fe~.lffriS~'~ "1lE:~~~ 0. 0. 0. @. ... .Jm~~~o. 1~< K.\ltl11m:::S~i!l:{ • •-KJm~ .. =R<*tl_1¢trr~ . . . .~lm~~~~<S~'j1R~\11+H:l$H!!g:t:l .. S:~W~§~!t~S'jl~_ ~& .. ~~~~I$!;!l1§=R<1\lJ:!.iITI 1 ~11111.li:!-~*~~S 1 ~ 1¢~ .. ~~~~~~±t~~~~~;!l1 .. :\nl:\J*..y~lft.Rt~~~ .. K!Iffii~ ~Ht.Jm.<:\1ll:l ~.;!l1§~~~~!!i:!uW~ • • ±t~ (Franc;oise Subileau) mK:tl$fil! (Marie-France Toinet) mE:t:lit)~~~S .$~~"i\l1§=l=K~_~~S • • ~.~I$!~~=l=K~ • • • ~~~i!l:{~*.~~."~ • • • ~S~.~~.~=l=K~.rn.~~ S~.o@~~Jm~~ ... ;!l1§.r<~Er~W=l=K$JS~."~=l=K• • Jm.<• • ~ .. ~e~~~~w~~~~S~.~~"M~ ~.~.t~-\l€::~W~SIlE:~-< e 1 ~<Kll:l-+m:::" ~.~ijfa$.CllI(TtfJm" =l=K• •1¢ttt>(.:m "1H.*S11+g1l!E~~~+H:l1l!E" ~:!t1l~~:il~~ 1$!~.~~n~ (~~.~+H:l:t:l • • ~..y .. ~~~ 1MIlD #1§=l=K~ttl§WJm~~!§' l1¢S~~ "llil~::a:lft.R. ~~.*.~*~S~.o.~~ESr~• • J-<~~~~ • • • • ~.Z.S~.K.~ .. ~~.~-<.~.~.~.S* !lit 1#* ( 1~<~) .\lt111m:::ll+~rn~ppliiES~«~tJJr( • •~ .. ~«~D!ll( , ~~<4Ji:lffri~1fllBI1ID~1lR 1:t:l~«~oII!( .. ~wJ!<~$ug~ .:g;!~~ (Claude Poperen) ~lll~~~~.S~~JI~ .1t.~~ml~" ¢;:l.l(;:~~t\l1~-<~miE~l*3E:t:l .. ewJ!<~!Wl:!tI1.D!ll(i\*. ~\N~'~ .. Ji£:~IX~~Ji[*.11+H:lWJ4l1§~*~~~S.~ • • ~ .. ~~!Wl~:t:lJi£:t1~*liiia .. *.rI..J~~.SIll:{+t1~ 1lR~-W 1 ~ ~~~jg~ .. :$!-:;:1~~ .. mlm*K• • ~~~1l*-<~I~S~!§,.~. ~ ~~*.~.~l;;:!S~ffiimr.~~~.s @ ~~ ~ ~~fi. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. *. 0. -~. 4iti® Roger Garandy, C'Les trois erreurs du P. C. F. t" LB Monde, 20 dec 1984. t. iI® Le Monde,. Ie 12 jan. 1985. 4iIiI® Le Monde. Ie 25 oct, 1985. lW@ Franlioise -Subileau, Marie·-France Toinet, "L'abstention a surtout touche 1'61ectorat communiste", Le Monde, Ie 28 mars, 1986. ;!;tie Le MoniJe, Ieler oct, 1986. 4Iil~ Liberation, Ie 3 fev. 1987. ~@' Liberation. Ie 26 fev, 1987.. ~. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. ~. -. -- -. -. -~-. -. --~. -. ~-~. -. . --~----.

(10) lWe Le Monde, Ie 20 juillet, 1984. • .. ,Andre Fontaine. "Fabi~ sans Fabien", Le Mon~e. Ie 25Iu111et, 1984.. ._. L, MOIJd.. 10 26 iuillet. 1984. .. ". ~'. .a:ffl$l~. ~ ;$:lM:j:fOW"/<E-~l/?'~U?ii1iftjgIl*Hlodi~·*~l:k.f§:ir<~~~Jf!;#:lm:E G$ 1~<I-R.!!t 1~ ~ #:~t~~11+1-RI$41iJme*-K .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-K.tr~.~~~~~~~~*.W~.tr«~~~.~~~l~~~~l~<g.!!t~ ~~~~~~~~~lm:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~.~.~G®~~~~~~~~~~~*~~~.~~ *-<W-K.tr~~~:!il)~~~~~$nra~~ ~~~ ~ :I*IMtl~ .'. G+nt::$o. ~~33:~~~~o(!Il~~1; 1... t1D!tr~~~mt~Jm#:ill!~~~{~~~~~~. 1. -:F!<O-ttl- ~lllf?~~~~:ll"*.jmK~?it-t5:~lHIl~W1l<~!:H~.Hj~tr~r~a~l;lIfttmjqt~J[!lI! ~ ~.\!!!{~~-1~~. mt-1:::j~~~~lllf?~~~~. ~. 0. 0. ® ~~ ~ ~~~. tH~-Y~!~~II.::ij:*~ ~ -#i1lm#:~t'~tK:fit~-r.K~~*~9t~ .. *e~·ilH\~H-:ll~.~~~'~ ~ fiE:~~~. .lilJ1.~!!¥o. 1 ~<K.!!tl11~~~!!l:{~.-KlilJ1tr ~ #:~~1¢l"a-a~ ~ .~lm~N~~<~lilJ11iI~~ll1+k:1@1l!E:lj ~ mr~w~Jmt~i!:~~1iI~_ ~lm:. .. ~~Ui~~-#iJm#:+l:l!! •. 1ID~*.Jm.<:l1li!. 0. .nJl. 1 ~11111.!!t~*~~~ 1 ~ 1¢~ .. ::);Nt<lilJ1!lll!1:it\E!£~~~~lilJ1Il-~ .. W!l*-Yi!ii\i[t,Ht,1it!!'~ ~ ~~~ 0. ~.;1l1Jm~~~;mitHl~l«$l.~~~. (Fran(,;oise Subileau) mf:tiffilill (Marie-France Toinet) 11iE:lj~~~:l;::~. .~~33:~-#i~#:• • ~~g • • ~.M~~~#:~ • • • ~~lilJ1!!l:{~*.~~.~E • • • • ~~.~~~~#:• • m.~.. ~~~oS~~lilJ1!lll!1:~~"-#i~~r<~Er~W#:$J~~~"E#:ill!.Jm.<~~~ ~.itJ•• -l€\~W~~[[~-<. .. *e~~~~w~~~~~~~~~ .. ~Mtl. ® 1 ~<K.!!t+~ .. ~.lSfit$~.'ff'ililJ1" #:~~1¢~t>(I\Hm~" -ffi!m§*g11+g1l!E~~~+k:11l!E" ~~Ililii:~~$~ 1@~~IS~Hm (Wl~.it!!'+k:1~.IllJl.(~-y .. $lii'$ 1~I!i!) mlm#:ill!t~W~!l$~}§ 11¢~~~ ~ .1~33:1~i( 0. 0. ••. ~}§.*.~*~~~~o~~~E~rit\.~J-<~~*.:ll.~.~.~.~~~B~."~~.~-<~~.~.~.g* !ij 0 W* ( 1 ~<~) .!!tlJ1~11+~m~pp~~tr«~• • •-e- .. tril<~nll!( , ~5ii(4.fit~$Hlt@[~1lR 1 :ljtr«~. ~ ~~~;mll@~ 1lIII(:g;!~~ (Claude Poperen) :a1Il.~~~.~~. .. ~~*~~it!!'-<~~l:\'lf~3D!:lj ~ e~9~~~11.lll!IKi!ii\*. ~\N~'~ .. fiE:~~~~1I[*.11+k:1IHl!4t1~e~-K ..-e-:f£!;;lS• • ~·~ i!ii\9!1~~~fiE:11~*~ .. *.ru~~~~!!l:{#l~ 91lR~W. 1 ~ ~lai?ilSl:lli:-e- .. ~~~~ .. ;1l1lil#:ii:!ll.~~.g.~-<~n.{~~}§.~~ .. ~~*.~~ll;!~~iiii!~:tI&;~~P-:1~~ ~ ~E .. ~~ ... j$. ~1trlllf?~~W:1:. 0. 0. 0. &ti$ &ti® &ti® &tiS. Roger Garandy, "Les trois erreurs du P. C. F .• " L. Monde, 20 dec, 1984. Le Monde, Ie 12 jan. 1985. Le Monde, Ie 25 oct, 1985. Franlloise 'Subileau, Marie·'France Toinet, "L'abstention a surtout touche 1'6lectorat communiste". Le Monde, Ie 28 mars, 1986. ilile Lt Monae, Ie ler oct, 1986. lW9 Liberation. Ie 3 fev. 1987. II~ Liberation. Ie 26 fev, 1987.. -. -. ~-------. -. -. -. ~. ~. --. -. ~---------'-. -. -. -. .

(11) ;1;l11lm~1I~~~~¢IlJ~-\J+.ttt-. .. w.!l!\'!l~~b$(~~Il~tr .. ~1'->mJ-§ 1~ll0.ttt-~;~.~~wHflmzOO.m::~.~ .. ;1;l11lm~Wli~ ~~~~~.I::I!!:m~§ .. 4<:j(~~11i<$l~1<~~:m~gr=MC~~§ "l~.1El-~~lm~i.H~!mt:R-Nll+J.I::l .. ~;ll1Ilm~ 11<~. illI~ J.I::l~~~.p] ( 1 ~J.I::l<) mz 1~<O.ttt-!l!\'!l~§Il" ~.~~~*!mt:R-Nll+:m~lmH~r 0 E;1~illI~ 1~< 1.tlt.~1<~~* .. ;ll11I =MCWli.:m:IR-R~mIE~~.}L-f& ...llllI(-<~~~~mzl1+1l1fm[mzlll+~-NIl" ~ 4<:j(~ 1~< K.ttt-Jll~llmlllI.tn~!l$-tr.~!mt:R-N ~d<:m~lm~ .. Jm,<~~;1;l1Ilm=MCWli~!§i~n.i;~*~:mOO~ ~U;ll1Ilm:i:KWli.!l!\'!l~,,**lt(~:m\l!ll1lI!ll(~~~.g}L-l11d·· ~ 1 .. ~lli1ll:m$E .~.~.-<~ • • :m~.ol~<l.ttt-K~ .. grti:i:KWli• • • ~~~.~·~:i:K• • • !m.~~~~:m~.~ • •~~~$E .. ~~ • •llllI(~~~~.~w.~~~~~:m~~o~l1.~~~~~~~~:m~$Eo~II=MCWli.~«~*~~~:m~ • • ~~~$E ~.a~~!§:m~."&~~l.llIIM~ • • ~~~.W:m• • ·.~;ll1II=MC • • ~~~~w.~~Ilm.:mr~~-<J o®m• • "~lmK~?itilSlI&.:1i~~" ~~~mjf$~g411.liE:.1P<~:t'{aJiKtK (M. Gorbatchev) :m~$E 0 @~111 .. tK:reFa:m~~m~Ii1~~ o;1;l1=MC ~~~~~~~-<~.liE:~.~~:m$E.~~~~~:m~~~$E .. ~~~~~~~:m~ • • ~~ .. ~~~~r~~.J~r~~ .J -Nm!:.\l!lI1I:miH';K 8-N .. *~ 1~ .. :ffi\ 1m-NWi .. ~.gW~~~ (Jean Ranger) ~~$:m .. ;1;l11lm=MC• • :m~~:ffi\ 1~ 1 ~ ~~ .. ~~~§~*=MC• •*~tK:reFall&.~~~~~&~~~~:m~!§o~ 0. 0. 0. dit1~. Jean;.Ranger, "Ie d@clin du Parti Communiste Franc;ais'" Revue Fran~aise de Science PoWique, fevrier 1986, pp. 46-63, at p. 57. dit1® D. S. Bell and Byron Criddle, "Mortal allies: The french Left in the eighties", Parliamentary Alfal'rs, nO, 4, oct. 1986, pp. 449-462, at p. 455. iti@ LiUration, le 7 mai, 1987. iti~ Jean Ranger, "Le d@clin du Parti Communiste Franc;ais", Revue Fran~aise de Science Politique, fevrier 1986, pp. 46-63, at p. 63.. ~ 1~;.r:ji<:~ l~-1JO.!lt4-~:Kw=ili:;$~:t:ol(~~$: -P.:t:tbt-~ *:-~~~~4< ~~*~+I ~.~ tu;. '\lIb. 4It\~Jl:i1l&~w.~llII~~~~1:::l~ .. ~ 11\!l!l~ I $!~lIIIlC~~:m1<tm ~:i1I&:j(-<l!I ' reFa~ , ~Ulll ,. ~~~~-P<::;:~+t:Rt:R~ ~llII e~~~~~~~~-N~l=MC~do~~~~~~~~$!~~~~w.~~"~~"-P<::;:~~~:m~.ow.J.I::lO,,*~.~KO"*~ ill? .. ~i\t~~~~~.~llII~$.~ "lE~-:ijj~~!!!~ ~~~il1!!!.~~W.~llII~.liE: (National Identity) ~~-R" ~~ {1l@;:m~~1W~.~.~liE: !§~!l!\'!lillW~l!I1;::J:m~i!(!!!~ .. tr:f.t(~~\l!lI1I~$ii\iii:j(:ffi\~~~ W.:;tt-N~i; .. tr:f.t(o(~:ffi\~1<tm~~ 1@~IlI*~. !lJI1li111lm~{!K~.H.:a:~!!!A1B~~ .. ~~tr=MC:m:ffi\~~$E:a:~1'->~!I!l!! • ~1~J.I::lK"*tr:f.t(~4It\~~i<• • ".1~-\JO~~*.tr:f.t(-P<::;:1<.~S.~"!l!\'!l~§~tK:.tr~.:ffi\~~ • • ~~m~ otr~~~l~:ffi\~~ • •~~~.~-~~IIIlm.~:ffi\ • • • M.Otr~~~~.~.~ •• ~~_:j(~~.-N~.~.;~ l~~~~~r~·~J~.~~:m .. ~~~~.w.~.r.~~J~.o ~ ~~~~~~tr:f.t(~~.~~:a:l!iEI1!~$E .. ~~iti~~w.:$l'iti~$E e .~iti~$E.@J~if~~~~~,\\\€ ' ~-K~-<Dmr:::ffntrl~ '.~~*'~.~~~~.~~.o$.iti~$E~_~.~~.~ • .g ... ~~~ • • ~ • • ~~~~~~~.o~~~_-< 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. t\lS~W!~:;ttll~$E~~ 11l1-Nl!iEf§:~,*,Jm,<~$~ill. 0. ". ~~.p]:i1I& .. ~tr=MC.~.:ffi\~~~~~~.~.~.~l!!!~liE:ilI?~~~~~~ ... ~~~~~~og~~:;tt~~~$E~~ ~l!iEl!I~~~~:m~~ .. iil'£~llEtr=MC~l!iE~~~:mlIll~I!ll(jj!Jli~ ~& .. :;tt1!?¥:iR:mtr~ ...~~~~'*'O(~$ 1:mlIll:mlEllJ'. ~~ 0. il9 Alan Hutchison. China's ,Alrican Revolution, Westview Press. 1975, Chapter VIII: "Constructive Policies 1964-1966"'; Chapter IX: -DisruPUve Policies 1964-1966'"..

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