• 沒有找到結果。

The Relationship between workplace friendship and work stress in International Business employees 方韻婷、蘇奉信

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Share "The Relationship between workplace friendship and work stress in International Business employees 方韻婷、蘇奉信"

Copied!
3
0
0

加載中.... (立即查看全文)

全文

(1)

The Relationship between workplace friendship and work stress in International Business employees

方韻婷、蘇奉信

E-mail: 9608068@mail.dyu.edu.tw

ABSTRACT

The stress except comes from the daily life, the majority source from the working surface, is job stress. The workplace friendship has contained some each other pledge, the close contact, this kind of relations possibly can limit some individual decisions-making, behavior and freedom, thus creates the stress. This research is for the purpose of discussing the workplace friendship and the job stress two has what relations, and organizes culture to take the disturbance variable, examines under the different culture, the workplace friendship has to influence the job stress reveals the difference existence, the research is collecting 279 the measuring questionnaire survey. The result discovery varying degree workplace friendship and the job stress influence is different, Highly workplace friendship and the job stress have the negative direction relations; The moderate workplace friendship and the job stress not reveal the relations; The low workplace friendship and the job stress have the positive relations. Further, the organization culture is two disturbances variables, the research suggested the superintendent should advertence the informal team in organization existence and builds cohesive force between staffs.

Keywords : workplace friendship ; job st-ress ; organization culture

Table of Contents

中文摘要 ..................... iii 英文摘要 .....................

iv 誌謝辭  ..................... v 內容目錄 ....................

. vi 表目錄  ..................... viii 圖目錄  ..................

... x 第一章  緒論................... 1   第一節  研究背景...........

.... 1   第二節  研究問題與目的............ 3 第二章  文獻探討............

..... 5   第一節  工作壓力............... 5   第二節  職場友誼.........

...... 9   第三節  職場友誼與工作壓力關係........ 12   第四節  其他影響工作壓力之因素

........ 16   第五節  組織文化干擾效果........... 17 第三章  研究方法.......

.......... 21   第一節  研究架構............... 21   第二節  研究假設...

............ 22   第三節  樣本與資料蒐集方法.......... 26   第四節  操作型定義 與衡量........... 26   第五節  資料分析方法............. 28   第六節  信度分 析............... 30 第四章  研究結果................. 35   第一節  基 本人口統計資料........... 35   第二節  工作壓力分析............. 39   第三節   職場友誼分析............. 44   第四節  職場友誼與工作壓力分析........ 46   第五 節  組織文化分析............. 49 第五章  結論與建議................ 57    第一節  結論................. 57   第二節  管理意涵............... 61   第三節  研究限制............... 62   第四節  後續研究建議............

. 63 參考文獻 ..................... 64 附錄  研究問卷...............

... 74 REFERENCES

一、中文部份 Charles W. L. Hill (2004/2005)。 International business: competing in the Global marketplace. (余明助。國際企業。 台中市:滄 海書局。) Schein, E. H. (1992/1996)。 Organizational Culture and Leadership. (陳千玉譯。組織文化與領導。台北:五南。) 李培銘 (2005)。

職場友誼與工作投入關係之研究。中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所博士論文,未出版,台北市。 周志明 (2005)。以論述分析從文化文 本中建構組織的文化範型。私立天主教輔仁大學心理學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。 周明守 (1998)。如何解除工作壓力。台北 市:尚宇。 陳月雲 (2003)。企業購併員工壓力管理之研究-以證券業為例。元智大學管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,桃園縣。 陳映羽 (2005)。員工推薦對職場友誼影響之研究。中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所博士論文,未出版,台北市。 陳甦彰 (1981),組織成員工 作壓迫感之實證研究,交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文,未出版,新竹市。 梁進龍 (2004)。職場友誼與員工創造力關係之研究。中國

(2)

文化大學國際企業管理研究所博士論文,未出版,台北市。 藍偉峰 (2003)。領導風格、組織文化、工作滿足與離職傾向之關係研究-以 技職院校教師為研究對象。國立成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台南市。 二、英文部份 AbuAlRub, R. F. (2004). Job Stress, Job Performance, and Social Support Among Hospital Nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 36(1), 73-79. AbuAlRub, R. F. (2006). Replication and Examination of Research Data on Job Stress and Coworker Social Support With Internet and Traditional Samples. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 38(2), 200-205. Atencio, B. L., Cohen, J. & Gorenberg. B. (2003). Nurse Retention: Is It Worth It? Nursing Economics, 21(6), 262.

Berman, E. M., West, J. P. & Richter, M. N. (2002). Workplace relations: Friendship patterns and consequences (according to managers). Public Administration Review, 62(2), 217-231. Bernthal, R. P. & Insko, A. C. (1993). Cohesiveness without groupthink: The interactive effects of social and task cohesion. Group and Organization Management, 18, 66-87. Boulet, A. D. (2004). Close friends: Same- and cross-sex friendship formation using both same- and cross-sex friendship formation factors. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, University of Manitoba, Canada Bridge, K., &

Baxter, L. A. (1992). Blended relationships: friends as work associates. Western journal of communication, 56(2), 200-225. Bruce, D. F. (2000).

Friendship's healing power. Vibrant Life, 16(3) 26-30. Cartwright, S. R. & Boyes, F. (2000). Taking the pulse of executive health in the U.K. / Executive commentary. The Academy of Management Executive, 14(2), 16-25. Chan, C. C. A., Monroe, G., Ng, J. & Tan, R. (2006). Conflict Management Styles of Male and Female Junior Accountants. International Journal of Management, 23(2) 289-296. Chiu, C. K., Chien, C. S., Lin, C. P. & Chin, Y. H. (2005). Understanding hospital employee job stress and turnover intentions in a practical setting: The moderating role of locus of control. The Journal of Management Development, 24(10) 837-856. Cohen, S., Sherrod, D. R. & Clark, M. S. (1986). Social Skills and the Stress-Protective Role of Social Support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(5) 963. Cohen, S. G., & Bailey, D. F. (1997). What Makes Teams Work: Group Effectiveness Research from the Shop Floor to the Executive Suite. Journal of Management, 23(3), 239-290. Conner, D. &

Douglas, S. C. (2005). Organizationally-induced work stress: The role of employee bureaucratic orientation. Personnel Review, 34(2), 210-225.

Erkutlu, H. V. & Chafra, J. (2006). Relationship between leadership power bases and job stress of subordinates: example from boutique hotels Management. Research News, 29(5) 285. Ezell, P. A. (2003). Job stress and turnover intentions among Tennessee Cooperative Extension System employees. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, The University of Tennessee, Tennessee Fiedler, F. E.. (1974). The Contingency Model-New Directions For Leadership Utilization. Journal of Contemporary Business, 3 (4) 65. Forrester, W. R. & Tashchian, A. (2006). Modeling the Relationship between Cohesion and Performance in Student Work Groups. International Journal of Management, 23(3), 458-465. Franks, T.

(1989). Bureaucracy, Organization Culture and Development. Public Administration & Development, 9 357-368. Friedman, R. A. & Currall, S. C.

(2003). Conflict escalation: Dispute exacerbating elements of e-mail communication. Human Relations, 56(11) 1325. Gammage, K. L., Carron, A.

V. & Estabrooks, P. A. (2001). Team Cohesion and Individual Productivity: The Influence of the Norm for Productivity and the Identifiability of Individual Effort. Small Group Research, 31(1), 3-18. Gellis, Z. D. (2001). Job stress among academic health center and community hospital social workers. Administration in Social Work, 25(3) 17. Goleman, D. (2006, October 10). Friends for Life: An Emerging Biology of Emotional Healing.

New York Times, 5. Green, G. (1992). The relationship between high school athletic administrators' job satisfaction and job related stress.

Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, The Florida State University, Florida Gunn, R. W. & Gullickson, B, R. (2006). When Your Friend Becomes Your Boss. Strategic Finance, 87(8) 8-9. Hargie, O., Dickson, D. & Nelson, S. (2003) Working together in a divided society: A study of intergroup communication in the Northern Ireland workplace. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 17(3) 285. Harris, D. P. & Ph. D. (1995).

People helping people: Examining the relationship between the support provider and the support recipient in an IS environment. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, The Claremont Graduate University, California. Hill, S. J. (2000). Male friendships: A contextual study. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, University of Essex (United Kingdom), England. Hinds, P. J. & Mortensen, M. (2005). Understanding Conflict in

Geographically Distributed Teams: The Moderating Effects of Shared Identity, Shared Context, and Spontaneous Communication. Organization Science, 16(3) 290-310. Hodson, R. (1997). Group relations at work: Solidarity, conflict, and relations with management. Work and Occupations, 24(4) 426-453. Hofstede, G. (1980). Motivation, Leadership, and Organization: do American Theories Apply Abroad? Organizational Dynamics, 9(1) 42-63. Hurley, M. (2002). The relations of stress, power, and job satisfaction in female nurse managers within Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, New York University, New York Hussein, R. T. (1990). Understanding and Managing Informal Groups. Management Decision, 28(8), 36-42. Jamal, M. (2005). Burnout among Canadian and Chinese employees: a cross-cultural study.

European Management Review, 2(3) 224. Joiner, T. A. (2001). Theinfluence of national culture and organizational culture alignment on job stress and performance: evidence from Greece. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16(3) 229. Jones, C. A. & Crandall, W. R. (1991). Determining the Sources of Voluntary Employee Turnover. Advanced Management Journal, 56(2) 16-21. Kandel, E. & Lazear, E. P. (1992). Peer Pressure and Partnerships. The Journal of Political Economy, 100(4) 801-818. Kets de Vries, M. F. R. (1999). Organizational sleepwalkers: Emotional distress at midlife. Human Relations, 52(11) 1377-1402. King, F. & Lynda A, King, D. W. (1990). Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity: A Critical Assessment of Construct Validity. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1) 48. King, L. A. & King, D. W. (1990). Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity: A Critical Assessment of Construct Validity. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1) 48. Knouse, S. B. (2006). Task Cohesion: A Mechanism for Bringing Together Diverse Teams. International Journal of Management, 23(3), 588-597. Knouse, S. B. (2007). Building Task Cohesion to Bring Teams Together.

Quality Progress, 40(3), 49-54. Kram, K. E. & Isabella, L. A. (1985). Mentoring Alternatives: The Role of Peer Relationships in Career Development. Academy of Management Journal, 28(1) 110-133. Lait, J. & Wallace, J. E. (2002). Stress at work: A study of

organizational-professional conflict and unmet expectations. Relations Industrielles, 57(3) 463-488. Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L. & Barton, S. M.

(2002). The impact of work-family conflict on correctional staff job satisfaction: An exploratory study. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 27(1),

(3)

35-55. Leister, A., Borden, D. & Fiedler, F. E. (1977). Validation of contingency model leadership training: Leader match. Academy of Management Journal, 20(3) 464-470. Lopez, F. G. (1995). Contemporary attachment theory: an introduction withimplications for counseling psychology. The counseling psychologist, 23(3) 395-415. Lopez, F. G. (1996). Attachment-related predictors of constructive thinking among college students. Journal of Counseling and Development, 75(1) 58-64. Lopez, F. G., Mauricio, A. M., Gormley, B. T. & Simko, E. B. (2001). Adult attachment orientations and college student distress: The mediating role of problem coping styles. Journal of Counseling and Development, 79(4) 459-465. Mates, D. & Allison, K. R. (1992). Sources of stress and coping responses of high school students. Roslyn Heights, 27(106), 461-475.

Miller, S. (2003). Real teams in small Australian firms. The Journal of Management Development, 22(9/10) 809-824. Monge, P. R. & Kirste, K. K.

(1980). Measuring proximity in human organizations. Social Psychology Quarterly, 43(1) 110-115. Morrow, I. J. (2006). Handbook of Work Stress.

Personnel Psychology, 59(1), 264-267. Markiewicz, D., Devine, I. & Kausilas, D.. (2000). Friendships of women and men at work Job satisfaction and resource implications. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(2) 161. Mulinge, M. M. (2001). Employer control of employees: Extending the Lincoln-Kalleberg corporatist model of satisfaction and attachment. Human Relations, 54(3) 285-319. Nasurdin, A. M., Ramayah, T. &

Kumaresan, S. (2005). Organisational Stressors and Job Stress among Managers: The Moderating Role of Neuroticism. Singapore Management Review, 27(2) 63-80. Nasurdin, A. M., Ramayah, T. & Beng, Y. C. (2006). Organizational structure and organizational climate as potential predictors of job stress: evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Commerce & Management, 16(2), 116-130. Nielsen, I. K., Jex, S. M., &

Adams, G. A. (2000). Development and validation of scores on a two-dimensional workplace friendship scale. Educational and Psycholoical Measurement, 60(4), 628-643. Nixon, M. (2005, Mar 22). Commentary: Friendly intentions could lead to favoritism in the workplace. St. Louis Daily Record / St. Louis Countian, p.1. Owens, R. A. & Ph. D. (2003). Friendship features associated with college students' friendship maintenance and dissolution following problems. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation. West Virginia University, West Virginia. Pendleton, H. M. (1998).

Establishment and sustainment of friendships of women with physical disability: The role of participation in occupation. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California, California. Perry, C., Cavaye, A. & Coote, L. (2002). Technical and social bonds within

business-to-business relationships. The Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 17(1) 75-89. Priest, J. T. (1999, Mar 5). Under pressure. Journal Record, p.1. Rahim, M. A. (1983). A measure of styles of handling interpersonal conflict. Academy of Management Journal, 26(2) 368-377.

Raghuram, S. & Wiesenfeld, B. (2004). Work-nonwork conflict and job stress among virtual workers. Human Resource Management, 43(2-3) 259-278. Rodriguez, Maria Guadalupe. (2002). Job stress and perceptions among Hispanic professionals of prejudice and discrimination in the workplace. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, The University of Tennessee, Tennessee. Rogers, T. J., Alderman, B. L. & Landers, D. M. (2003).

Effects of Life-Event Stress and Hardiness on Peripheral Vision in a Real-Life Stress Situation. Behavioral Medicine, 29(1), 21-27. Rosenberg, M.

(1999). When partnerships go sour--communicate! Accounting Today, 13(13) 9-12. Saper, Z. L. (1995). Children's friendships and the stress buffering hypothesis. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, State University of New York, New York. Sager, J. K.. (1991). Reducing Sales Manager Job Stress. The Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 6(3,4) 5-15. Schapiro, M. (2005). Competitive goal orientations, friendship quality, and friendship stability in gifted and nongifted adolescent friendships. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, McGill University, Canada. Shepherd, C. D.

& Fine, L. M. (1994). Scaling and measurement: Role conflict and role ambiguity reconsidered. The Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 14(2), 57-66. Sias, P. M., Smith, G. & Avdeyeva, T. (2003). Sex and sex-composition differences and similarities in peer workplace friendship development. Communication Studies, 54(3), 322. Sias, P. M. & Cahill, D. J. (1998). Form coworkers to friends; the development of peer friendships in the workplace. Western Journal of communication, 62(3), 273-299. Swanson, V., Power, K. G. & Simpson, R. J. (1998) Occupational stress and family life: A comparison of male and female doctors. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 71, 237-260. Taub, J. B.

& Ph. D. (1983). Relationship Between Stress and University Satisfaction for Traditional Age and Older Students. Unpublished doctoral

Dissertation, Arizona State University, Arizona. Urwin, T. (2006). How to manage stress. Occupational Health, 58(8), 12-14. Wallach, E. J., (1983).

Individuals and Organizations: the Cultural Match. Training and Development Journal, 29-36. Winstead, B. A. & Derlega, V. J. (1992).

Friendship, Social Interaction, and Coping with Stress. Communication Research, 19(2) 193. Wittkamper, D. K. (1984). Organizational Communication Processes and Job Stress. Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan, Michigan.

參考文獻

相關文件

Measuring friendship quality in late adolescents and young adults: McGill friendship questionnaires. McGill friendship questionnaire(MFQ- FF) and

* School Survey 2017.. 1) Separate examination papers for the compulsory part of the two strands, with common questions set in Papers 1A & 1B for the common topics in

專案執 行團隊

Microphone and 600 ohm line conduits shall be mechanically and electrically connected to receptacle boxes and electrically grounded to the audio system ground point.. Lines in

The present study explores the relationship between organizational reward system, job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and organizational performance to

The result indicated that the constitutive relationship among the flow stress, deformation temperature, and strain rate for IN 600 during hot deformation satisfied the

In addition, the study found that mood, stress, leadership and decision-making will affect the employees’ job satisfaction1. In other words, those factors increasing or

The purposes of this research are to find the factors of affecting organizational climate and work stress, to study whether the gender, age, identity, and