ୖǵ19 ШइՋБΓჹᆵ᡼ Hakka ޑᇡ᛽ϐ΋Ǻ

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݅҅ች

୯ўᓔঅᝪೀڐঅ

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ᄔा

ՋБΓჹ๮ࠄ࠼БقΓဂаHakkaᆀϐǴऊۈܭ19ШइύယǶϐࡕό ΦǴᆵ᡼໒ෝǴ೚ӭՋБ௖ᓀৎǵ୘Γǵ໺௲γکѦҬ٬࿯ٰډᆵ᡼Ǵ੮ ΠᅿᅿၯᐕइᒵǴځύόЮჹᆵ᡼Hakkaޑඔ௶Ƕ൩౜Ԗޑ૶ॊၗ਑ٰ࣮Ǵ

྽ਔՋБΓ࣮ࡑᆵ᡼HakkaǴԖޑࢂа๮ࠄғԋޑHakkaᇡޕٰ౛ှǴٯӵ

࠼၉ௗ߈ч٧۔၉Ǵ܈ᆀHakkaԾύ୯чБࠄᎂ฻Ƕ྽ฅΨԖ΋٤Кၨుڅ ޑӧӦᢀჸǴٯӵٰᆵՋБΓඔॊၸύᚱǵԮჟǵᒗ္ǵД࣭ǵࠄᤞǵε

⌇ǵߥΚǵЃⓚፁ฻HakkaᆫပǴΨගډ྽ਔᆵ৞Hakkaޑғ཰БԄǴନΑ ᅿዿ෌ጧѦǴᗋԖЕࣅǵૡယǵክတکҡݨǶдॺΨᢀჸډᆵ᡼ޑHakkaک ᅽԴᜢ߯ό࿌ǵᆶѳ঵ᜢ߯ᆙ஭ǴϷᆶଯξޑচՐ҇߾ӸӧύϟҬܰǵै

ОගٮǴϷϕ೯ஆ࠷ޑፄᚇᜢ߯Ƕ

ᜢᗖӷǺ๮ࠄǵᆵ᡼ǵ࠼ৎǵᅽԴǵ19Шइ

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൘ǵ߻ق

ՙМܚҢޟHakkaΙຠդਢӵᐣѬΰю౪Ȃ࢐এԤ፸ޟ፞ᚠȄବᄇՙП ΡHakkaޣᜋᢎҡԙϞ፞ᚠ໌՗ंـޱȂРΡ໻৬ڐυ׽ቸՌڏΙᐝσᏰി

ρ፣МޟȮߖфࡊড়ޥོ喘לԙȈȶт㲯ȷ喒ȶՌ㲯ȷ喘喙喀喨喑ȯΙਪ ᔖ࢐಑1এԤفಛޟࣺᜰ፣क़Ȅ၎ਪޟ୰ᚠཎᜋ࡚ҳӵ፴ᅸࡊড়࢐֏࣏Ιএ ౩ܚ࿋ณޟڎԤᐌᡝܒޟᄂᡝȂٮоѲএ७өᔮଆԪ୰ᚠȂڏϛ಑Ιএ७ ө൷࢐ȶ༈ఀρМਪϛޟࡊড়ȷȄ໻৬ڐυᇯ࣏ࡊড়ޟଔྛԤέএ໦ࢲȂ

։ՙП༈ఀρޟี౪ȃϛ୽ۢПޟᡥҬȂЅࡊড়တᡝޟՌרᇯӣȄԂցҢ ഌρҳȞKarl Friedrich August GutzlaffȂ़МӪቸհCharles GutzlaffȂ1803- 1851ȟоپᇄБՓོࣺᜰޟ༈ఀρकᓃ໌՗ࣺᜰंـȂٮ௰กHakkaΙຠۖ

ҢܻՙП༈ఀρȂघܻ1860ԑоࡣϗ୰жȄ¹

ԪѴȂࢊ఺ᆋȶ௃Ⱥࡊড়Ȼڗࡊড়ȷفӖМϞΠȲဃݍȶHakkaȅࡊ ড়ȷᆎᒝޟю౪ȃျᡐᇄ༈ኬȳ؁࢐ጕডݙHakkaΙຠԃդӵ๼ҡԙᇄျᡐ ޟΨհȄ၎М௃݂ϛဨо६ኄݍඏԎȃኄԎȃᆺኊ้ۺޟಋҕѬϸΣȂᙤ о௤ଆ೻ٲӴୢπ๿ᄇ౴١ಋҕޟӨᆍࡊᆎᇄ೻ٲࡊᆎೝຶဎϽޟႆแȇ ڏԩ๿Ψܻݙ፣ዉछ༈ఀρᠥഅȶHakkaȅࡊড়ȷ኿଄Ѕڏ༈ኬޟႆแȄ၎

Мᇯ࣏19жकϛဨࡣȂငپ๼ޟՙП༈ఀρȂࡸྱኄۺПِีॱȂоᛳ଻

ԅࡹቸԙȶHakkaȷࡣȂӔငҥᄇȶHakkaȅࡊড়ȷྛࢺȃПِЅڏтޥོ

МϽ੫኉ޟ౏ΣंـᇄൢᏲȂ஠ȶHakkaȅࡊড়ȷ኿଄өՙПжࣨ༈ኬȂζ ߴٺȶHakkaȅࡊড়ȷҥϛܒᙽ࣏ڎԤᓺ፴ᅕΡᆍఊ឴ܒޟཎొȂംᅚೝࡊ ড়ޣᜋࣨȃࢇݽܖॖٱ๻़ܚ௥ڧȂٮհ࣏Ռרᇯӣཎᜋޟ኿ᡆȄ²

ҥΰџޣȂHakkaΙຠ࢐19жकپ๼ޟՙПΡᄇኄݍࡊПِΡတޟᇯ

* ء֮མᛧ۩ਙೃড়୮ࡡ୉ᄎ2010ڣᖂ๬ઔߒᑻܗΖ

1Γ堩୾ࠢ՗Δπ२זড়୮षᄎ圸ݮګΝψהጠω圲ψ۞ጠω圸圹圠坈圱ρΰࣟࠇຟΝଅ᥼षΔ2007ڣαΔ଄62- 65Ε227-230Ζ

2Γਜ෌壂Δτൕψড়୮ωࠩড়୮ΰ2αΚᆕࣟψHakkaΗড়୮ωጠᘯऱנ෼Εᇍ᧢ፖႚᐾυΰאՀ១ጠτൕψড় ୮ωࠩড়୮ΰ2αυαΔπ٤෺ড়୮ઔߒρΔร2ཚΰ2014ڣ5ִαΔ଄1-2Ζ

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ޣȂӰԪ೻এҢᇭю౪ޟᐣѬȂڷ፣Ѕࡊড়ྛࢺᖂ௃δሉδሉፙଔσϚࣺ

ӣȄ19жकϛဨᇃᢊ໠෫ࡣȂՙПޟ༈ఀρȃ୦Ρȃ௤ᓎড়ച៉پᇃȂ੼

ήϚЍၽᐣकᓃȂڏϛϚмᄇᇃᢊHakkaޟජक़ȄҥܻHakkaࡾޟ࢐ᇳࡊП

ِޟΡတȂᇄ఼ሴᇃϞࡣۢПМᝦϛᄛҢሦΡȃဃΡ้Ϸ᜸ӵᇃᅕΡޟᇭ ຠཎొϚᅾࣺӣȄӰԪҏМᇯ࣏ष૖Ο၌19жकپᇃՙПΡԃդජक़ᇃᢊ HakkaȂ௃೻এُ࡙Ο၌ࡊড়Ȃᔖ၎ོԤԤ፸ޟԝᛦȄҏМޟ१ᘈ஠ӑᚄ఼

19жकՙПΡԃդ࡚ᄺڏᄇHakkaޟᇯᜋȂӵԪஅᙃΰȂ໌Ι؏௤ـᇃᢊ໠

ஃࡣپᇃޟՙПΡȂ࢐ԃդ஠ԪHakkaᇯޣளՍᇃᢊȂоЅтঈಁϛޟᇃᢊ Hakka֕౪դᆍ७ᇼȄ

ມǵՋБΓ Hakka ޕ᛽ᢀޑࡌҥ

ҏ࿽ޟ१ᘈȂӵܻკၐΟ၌19жकՙПΡԃդ࡚ᄺᄇHakkaޟᇯޣȂ HakkaΙຠޟю౪ȂཎڨՙПޣᜋᡝفϛȂоПِϷ᜸Ρတᢎ܈ޟЕΣȂᇄ оࠉ఼෉ۢۺ༉оȶဃҕȷȃȶოᔖԎҕȷȃȶዘඏᝲҕȷ้оӴጢܖᝲ

ೱϷ᜸ΡတޟҢᇭ݂ᡗϚӣȄΟ၌ՙПΡHakkaޣᜋᢎԃդ࡚ҳȂ࢐Ο၌ࡊ ড়ԃդԙ࣏Ιএ࣏ࡣжዣޣޟПِΡတक़ᇭޟ१ौᜰᗤȄ

ӵᏉаᏽތϞࠉȂᗶณ఼ࢇۺᄂࢊᝒ቗ޟ࿱ఀࢇ๊Ȃи༉३ܻኄԎ ғο೽୦Ȃծҥܻ19жकΰјဨޟՙПȂ੕Ѵ༈ఀၼଢ଼ᑹଔȂϚЍࡇఀ

ಢᙑϐငӻПკၐΣ๼༈ఀȄ1807ԑȂ़୽গභོȞLondon Missionary Societyȟ༈ఀρ଻ᙄላޏৱȞRev. Robert MorrisonȟܰႀኄԎȂත໠ߖфՙ Пஅ࿜ཱིఀڗϛ୽༈ኬޟוᄍȄծҥܻ࿋ਢ༈ఀρঈѫ૖ӵࠒࢷޟ༈ఀஅ ӴᏰಬᅕᇭȃᙚឍထငȃእቸ༈ఀЙыȃഺᒲϛМѐސ้Ȃܖ࢐ӵኄԎѴ

୽Ρୢ୿ڷᐬߞࣀଢ଼Ȃ࡞Ѝ૖ஊ౏Σϛ୽ϱӴȄ³ѪѴΙএ঄ுݧཎޟ࢐Ȃ

3Γڹ୽Δπഗᅮඒፖ௧؆ဎԳऱ֮֏ᔞᚨѧѧ२זࣟতࠅဎԳฝاष೴ऱଡூઔߒρΰקࠇΝխဎ஼ݝΔ2009 ڣαΔ଄7-8Ζ

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࿋ਢپڗ๼ࠒޟՙПΡܚ௥ញޟᅕΡкौоᇳဃПِޟኄۺΡ࣏кȄ⁴ ኈᝲ༈ఀρഌρҳӵ࿋ਢࡌഖޟ࿱ఀݥ൜ϛᡗுߨல੫ҳᐿ՗Ȅт

ܻ1827ԑင೉៌༈ၾོሌ܁ЭࠞȞJavaȟ༈ఀȂϞࡣᙽ܁ᘡཽᔏȞPenang IslandȟЅཱིёۃȃ଻ϲҦȞMalaccaȟ้Ӵөϛ୽ಋҕ༈ఀȂٮᑖྃᏰಬ ϛМȂ൨ۡРࡣΣ๼༈ఀޟஅᙃȄҥܻഌЪᘐ܁ϛ୽ώհȂᇄ೉៌༈ၾོ

Һ࡟ޟӈ୛ࣺႂȂၿܻ1829ԑಳᚔ೉៌༈ၾོȂ໠ۖՌҳ༈ၾȄ⁵1830ԑᙽ

܁ᐏᛳȂଶ໌՗༈ఀᇄ՗ᚂѴȂϫ᝷៉ᏰಬᅕᇭȂᄇϛ୽ۢၗȃኄԎȃᆋ

࡚Пِ഍ԤΙۡޟᇯᜋȄ⁶1831ԑࠉ܁ϛ୽ၽᐣȂင੕ࠒȃࠒᐬȃ཈ߞȃᇃ ᢊȃۡ੕ȃσݭȃЈࢻȂܻ12ТܰႀᐬߞȄ⁷ഌρҳෆܻ1831ԑ7Т31Р಑1 ԩܰᇃȂϞࡣάӵ಑2ԩ૞੕ϛၮႆዙ෹ЅԊҁϞӴȂ⁸тᔖ၎࢐೉៌Ρଝю ϞࡣȂശԞپڗᇃᢊޟཱིఀࡇఀৱȄ⁹

ഌρҳෆ੼ήඁࠌᇄȶࡊȷࣺᜰϞ଄ၷȄԃӵ1834ԑюގޟThe Journal of Two Voyages Along the Coast of China in 1831 & 1832ΙਪϛȂඪڗӵ੎୽

ႄڗȶ΋೽ϩޑቶܿᅿ௼Ǵ೏ᆀࣁKih or KaȂдॺЬाࢂπӐȷȄ¹⁰ܖԃӵ China OpenedΙਪϛȂݧཎڗኄݍԤೝᆎ࣏ȶKea-jinȷȞࡊΡȟޟΙတΡȈ

ӧቶܿȐKwang-tungȑႾ҇ύǴԖᇥ๱ᆶч٧۔၉࣬՟Бق ޑȨ࠼ΓȩȐthe Kea-jin peopleȑǴдॺࢂᓬذޑᙍπᆶၭբޣǴ

4Γ๗ॣ֒ΕᏥ᠜࿇Δτ֣ۥᄎႚඒՓፖড়୮ֱߢઔߒυΔπᏄᣂᖂೃᖂ໴ΰषᄎઝᖂठαρΔร23࠴ร7ཚ ΰ2002ڣ3ִαΔ଄1-8Ζ

5ΓޕݳଶΔτພՓمडஃڇཽհᖵ׾֗ࠡࢬᙊխ֮ᇷறυΔگԵּထΔπଉཽഗᅮඒᄎ׾ઔߒρΰଉཽΝሐᜢ נठषΔ1987ڣαΔ଄67ΙܦᆠႂΔπڇࡲඒፖ׈ঋհၴΝഗᅮඒᄅඒႚඒՓڇဎতऎ௧ऱڰཚ੒೯ઔߒρ ΰᐖڠΝᐖࣟඒߛנठषΔ2000ڣαΔ଄91Ζ

6ΓܦᆠႂΔπڇࡲඒፖ׈ঋհၴρΔ଄91Ζ 7ΓܦᆠႂΔπڇࡲඒፖ׈ঋհၴρΔ଄92-93Ζ

8ΓGeorge Williams Carrington, Foreigners in Formosa, 1841-1874 (San Francisco: Chinese Materials Center, 1977), pp.

11-14.

9Γᘸة壁Δτ׾ᇩ085 ऎ௧ႚሐ୮ພኔᢊυΔπඒᄎ׾ᇩρΔร1ᙀΔگԵψᘸة壁९۔׾ற஄ωጻీΚwww.

laijohn.com/BOOK1/085.htmΰ2010ڣ9ִ21ֲរᔹαΖ

10ΓCharles Gutzlaff, Journal of Three Voyages Along the Coast of China: in 1831, 1832, & 1833, with Notices of Siam, Corea, and the Loo-Choo Islands (London: Frederick Westley and A. H. Davis, 1834), p. 29.

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ՠࡐϿவ٣୘཰ࢲ୏ǶдॺۚՐܭᆵ᡼ޑϣഌǴӧୗكȐBancaȑ ᏼҺ᝜πǴ٠Ъς࿶ӧ಻ើ෗҇Ӧߕ߈ޑӑѭᚳဓ໡িȐڷثǴ PontianakȑޑஇᛥࢪȐBorneoȑ׎ԋӅک୯Ƕ¹¹

ഌρҳотၽᐣݍࠒٳЅϛ୽ݼ੕Ө೎ޟငᡛȂ࣏רঈ੼ήΪϷ࣢ິ

ޟ଄ٱȂтޟᢎᄆಠጝՄᐿၾȂ೻џ૖ᇄтᄇϛ୽ПِӻܚΟ၌ȂоЅᙴ

൲ޟၽᐣငᡛԤᜰȂ๝Οרঈ࡞ӻంีȄڏΙȂҥܻтԪࠉٖ೤ႆޟࡊП

ِΡတȂџ૖ᇄሦࠒПِΡတШၶԤ௥ញȂܖ࢐ഌҏΡᄇሦࠒПِШၶΟ

၌ȂӰԪ1830ԑфਢ෈ȂഌρҳܚᇯޣޟࡊПِတȂ࢐оሦࠒॱ኿଄ȂϚ ӣܻРࡣޟHakkaȄڏΠȂтӵݍࠒٳȃኄݍȃᇃᢊࣼڗϚӣПِΡတޟࣺ

೎Ȃ࿋ਢᄇӨӴޟࡊПِΡတȂۦҐלԙಛΙޟӪᆎܖۡဎȄڏέȂ1830 ԑфޟՙП༈ఀρᄇܻೝᆎ࣏ȶࡊȷޟΡȂۦؠԤᆎᜓܖ୑َȂӻѫ࢐Ι ૡܒޟࡊᢎජक़ȄڏѲȂтџ૖࢐಑ΙএᘈюࡊПِ௥ߖѕٵۢၗޟՙП

༈ఀρȄശࡣȂтݧཎڗᇃᢊԤࡊПِΡတޟ౪ຫȄ

ଶΟഌρҳѴȂࢊ఺ᆋѪЕछ୽ᘪғོޏৱE. DotyڷW.J. Pohlman଄

क़тঈ1838ԑΙ፷கᛳࢸਡแϛȂӻԩႄَᇳࡊၗޟΡတȂᆎтঈ࣏Khen ȞȶࡊȷȂሦॱȟȄࢊ఺ᆋޟंـᡗҰȂ1840ԑоࠉܚَ༈ఀρޟ๿հ ϛȂHakkaΙຠۦҐю౪Ȃ༈ఀρᄇܻϛ୽๼ࠒݼ۬ܖಋۨࠒࢷ੎୽ȃக ᛳࢸΙளޟࡊПِΡတȂଶΟоۢၗࡹॱ࣏ȶKea-jin peopleȷȞࡊΡȟ ѴȂкौ࢐ٷᐃᆋՂΡޟಬᄛȂᆎ࣏ȶkihȷȃȶkaȷȃȶkhenȷܖȶkhen menȷȄ¹²

1 8 4 0 ԑ ф Ȃ ഌ ρ ҳ ࣏ ᘗ ৤ ఀ ୛ Ȃ ෆ ӻ ԩ ڳ ᢱ ኈ ୽ ఀ ོ ๝ Ϡ င ᔼ Ѕ ΡϗϞЛධȄՍ1846ԑತᕕኈ୽έБོȂ։БՓོȞBasel Missionary SocietyȟȃБࠎོȞBarman Missionary SocietyȟȃБഘོȞBerlin

11ΓGutzlaff, China Opened: or, A Display of the Topography, History, Customs, Manners, Arts, Manufactures, Commerce, Literature, Religion, Jurisprudence, etc., of the Chinese Empire (London: Smith, Elder and Co., 1838), p.

132.

12Γਜ෌壂Δτൕψড়୮ωࠩড়୮ΰ2αυΔ଄52-53Ζ

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Missionary SocietyȟޟᑖྃӱᔖȄ1847ԑ3ТȂБՓོޟᗺόМȞRev.

Theodore HambergȟȃᏍΨஅȞRev. Rudolph LechlerȟᇄБࠎོޟࢠρኈ ȞRev. Heimrich Köesterȟȃဨઽ఼ȞRev. Ferdinand Genahrȟӣ಻ܰႀॷ ෫Ȃڞօഌρҳӵ๼ޟ༈ఀٱཾȄ¹³

ᄇཱིܻپЛධޟ༈ఀρঈȂഌρҳ௴ڥоПِΡတ࣏տޟ༈ఀ๊౱Ȃ

஠ᄇࡊПِӴୢ༈ఀޟώհҺ๝БՓོޟᗺόМȂζ឴БՓོޟᏍΨஅޏ ৱনೝࡾ࣏ۡடөዘԳΡ༈ఀȂ¹⁴ࡣӰөዘԎ༈ఀޟॎหᄈᄈڧߢȂၿ׽Ᏸ ࡊၗȂᇄᗺόМӫհȂடөࡊПِΡတҀၾȄ¹⁵ᗺόМᄇࡊПِΡတޟ༈

ఀȂҥϬРཱིࣨؓᓞُᇄ᝘ԊȃҀӡ้Ӵ৤໠Ȃ¹⁶БՓོംᅚԙ࣏оࡊПِ

Ρတ࣏кौ༈ఀᄇຫޟՙПఀོȄ

ڏᄂՙПఀོΣ๼ϞߑȂᄇܻኄݍࣸΙளޟࡊПِΡတٮߨΙ໠ۖ։

оȶHakkaȷۡӪȄҥܻኄݍࣸԤέσПِΡတȂӰԪ1840ԑфоࡣȂΣ

๼༈ఀρᄇࡊПِΡတޟᆎक़Ȃശߑ֕౪ሦࠒॱᇄኄۺॱٮങޟ௑לȂ ԃछ୽੔ᙄོ༈ఀρᛳ׃Ӓӵ1843ԑቸޟൢ֙ϛȂԤਢᆎ࣏KekȂԤਢᆎ Hak-kahȄ1854ԑᗺόМӵܚ๿ȮЊҁЈ୽ଔဎ଄ȯϛȂᆎࡊПِΡတ࣏

HakkaȃKheh-KiaܖKhih-KiaȂһ࢐ਲ਼ᐃϚӣПِတޟีॱȂоᛳ଻ԅࡹ

ቸՄԙȄ़୽ߝՂఀོ༈ఀρᇽࡄཇܻ1858ԑ9Т໢࿦ڗΙ՝ෆငಋۨࠒ ࢷ٤ёȞBancaȟڷཱིёۃȂٮࣳٷЈкఀޟԑሆσৃࡊΡȂтᆎ၎ࡊΡ

࣏ȶHakka peopleȷȂٮࡾюኄۺΡᆎࡊΡ࣏ȶHakkaȷȂծዘԳΡᆎ࣏

ȶK’hehȷȄߝՂఀོࣂᎹԳᓞޟ༈ఀρࢊឞ౩ȞG. Smithȟӵ1Ӌ1865ԑඏ پᑪဥዕ٠ଟҀၾഊϛܚቸޟൢ֙Ȃᆎࡊড়࣏HakkaܖkhenȂٮࡾюࡊড়Ռ ᆎkhakȄ¹⁷

13ΓޕݳଶΔτڰཚႚඒՓطᖾᔢཽհࠃᄐ֗ಥ᣸υΔπଉཽഗᅮඒᄎ׾ઔߒρΔ଄7-32Ζ

14ΓᢟᖫࣥΔτ२זࠐဎഗᅮඒႚඒՓፖড়୮ᄭੌઔߒѧѧאᑛᐚ៖ΕฅڜΕ्ֺዿ੡խ֨υΔگԵ௽ֵ೬ ᒳΔπڍցගᆢፖխ֮۫֏ٌੌѧѧഗ࣍խ֮۫᣸ऱᄅઔߒρΰՂ௧ΚՂ௧ԳاנठषΔ2010ڣαΔ଄178- 193Ζ

15Γ᎓ਞඣ࿛Δπഗᅮඒፖ२זᚢত֮֏ρΰՂ௧ΚՂ௧ԳاנठषΔ2002ڣαΔ଄60Ζ 16ΓᢅଉࣥΔπଉཽፖխ֮۫֏հٌੌρΰଉཽΚխഏᖂषΔ1961ڣαΔ଄19Ζ 17Γਜ෌壂Δτൕψড়୮ωࠩড়୮ΰ2αυΔ଄55Ε57-58Ε60Ζ

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ณՄҥܻоࡊୢ࣏кौ༈ၾᄇຫޟБՓོംᅚ༊өоHakkaۡᆎȂԃБ Փོ༈ఀρᏍρஅоᛳ଻ԅࡊၗᙚឍȮ଻Њ༈ᆋॱਪȯܻ1860ԑюގȂ࢐

ശԞюގޟᛳ଻ԅҏޟࡊПِထငȂ၎ਪඟॲٮຝ݂ȶࡊড়߹ᇭȷѲԅȂ

࢐Ҭࠉܚَ஠Hakkaᖒ๖ΰᅕԅࡊড়ޟ಑Ιഋ๿հȄԪࡣȂ௃БՓࡊড়৯ོ

໠ۖȂ։ٷᐃLedpsiusࡹॱفಛȂоЅኄۺΡޟᆎᒝڷีॱ࣏ྥȂ஠ࡊড়ޟ ᛳ଻ԅࡹॱȂھ࣏ۡHakkaܖHak-kaȄ¹⁸

БՓོ༈ఀρঈϚ༉ငҥПِپᒱᇯࡊড়ޟԆӵȂٮᑖྃंـтঈӨ ᆍМϽڷޥོࣀଢ଼ޟ੫኉ȄԃБՓོ༈ఀρErnest J. Eitelܻ1867ԑ࣏Мእቸ ܚᒝޟࡊড়МᏰȞHakka Literatureȟ˕˕όᅈȄ¹⁹ӣԑάӵNotes and Queries on Chna and JapanȞϛРភᅸȟȂϷ6෈೿ၷ “Ethnographical Sketches of the Hakka Chinese”Ȟࡊড়Ρᆍᇬ౱ȟȄ঄ுݧཎޟ࢐ȂEitelӵ၎МϛȂ໠۠Ӫ ဎߒ݂ȶThe word Hakka, ࡊড়, means “strangers” or “foreigners”ȷȄ²⁰1873 ԑȂEitelάӵȮϛ୽ຟ፣ȯΰีߒȲࡊড়ᐣѬᆪौȳȂEitelӵ၎МϛࡾюȂ тቸհ೻ጕМണޟҬޟԟӵȶࣁ೭ঁߚΥޑᅿ௼ጓቪ΋೽ԐයᙁўȷȂӰ

࣏ӵЊҁЈ୽ၼଢ଼ᛖีϞࠉȂࣥՍӵࡊড়ΡޟМᏰഺհϛȂ഍ؠԤᜰܻ೻

এᆍఊо܁ᐣѬޟӈդ଄ၷȄ

EitelϞѴȂѪΙ՝БՓོ༈ఀρCharles Pitonζᜰݧࡊড়ྛࢺЅࣺᜰ

୰ᚠȂPitonܻ1864ԑپ๼Ȃܰႀॷ෫ࡣȂҳ։ೝࣂ܁ኄݍოᔖ้ࡊড়Ӵୢ

༈ఀȂႀ7ԑϞδȄPitonෆܻ1874ԑእቸ “On the Origin and History of the Hakkas”Ȟࡊড়ྛࢺᇄᐣѬȟΙМȂࡾюਲ਼ᐃࡊড়ఊᜊȂࡊড়ઠӑনܻۨ

ᆋ࡚ჿϽүᏩ؆ȂবґਢӰ༁றࠕ༄໠ۖࠒ᎐ȄPitonᇯ࣏HakkaΡ࢐ȶᅇ

௼ޑ੿҅η৊ȷȂζк஻ࡊড়ПِᇄᅕఊПِ࣏ࣺྃխȄ²¹೻ٲБՓོ༈

ఀρҳ፣ޟஅᙃȂӻ࣏ޢ௥௴೤Ο၌ܖ୤Ճఊᜊၥਟ้Ȃ࣏๼ࠒޟHakka

18Γਜ෌壂Δτൕψড়୮ωࠩড়୮ΰ2αυΔ଄64Ζ

19ΓE. T. Eitle, “Hakka Literature,” Notes and Queries on China and Japan 1 (1867), pp. 37-40.

20ΓEitle, “Ethnographical Sketches of the Hakka Chinese, Article II., The Hakka Dialect compared with the dialects of the. other races inhabiting the Canton Province,” Notes and Queries on China and Japan 1.6 (1867): 65.

21ΓCharles Piton, “On the origin and history of the Hakkas,” The China Reivew 2 (1874), pp. 222-226.

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ᑖྃྗྛȂиሳӻྖछϞ᜝ȄӰԪȂࢊ఺ᆋᇯ࣏൷࢐ငҥ೻ٲ༈ఀρᄇ ȶHakkaȅࡊড়ȷྛࢺȃПِоЅڏтޥོМϽ੫኉ޟ౏ΣंـڷМԅൢ

ᏲȂٺȶHakkaȅࡊড়ȷҥϛܒᙽөڎԤଽິᅕΡᆍఊ឴ܒޟཎొȂһ஠Ԫ ȶHakkaȅࡊড়ȷ኿଄өՙПжࣨ༈ኬȄ²²

1896ԑȂᅕᇭПِᏰড়଻গᑟЉȞP.G. Von Mollendorffȟߑ؏ׇԙᅕᇭ ПِޟϷ᜸Ȃڏϛ஠ဃПِϷ࣏ኄۺȃࡊড়ȂٮٺҢȶHakkaȞࡊড়ȟȷޟ

኿଄ПԒȂٺࡊড়ԙ࣏ᇄڏтᅕПِٮӖޟӪᆎȂ²³ᡗҰHakkaϚ༉ϐ࢐ՙ Пжࣨᄇ๼ࠒࡊПِΡတޟۡӪȂՄиϐԙ࣏ᅕᇭПِϷ᜸ޟᏰ೚ᇭຠȄ

ୖǵ19 ШइՋБΓჹᆵ᡼ Hakka ޑᇡ᛽ϐ΋Ǻ

๮ࠄ Hakka ޕ᛽ᢀޑ౽෌

Ռ௃೉៌Ρᚔ໠ᆋᅭኞؓࡣȂޢՍᇃᢊ໠ஃࠉඁԑϞ໢ȂѴࣨᄇܻᆋ ᅭኞؓΙޢܚޣฒӻȄ1842ԑ3ТསॸȶԊۑဴȷޟԙষϞϛȂԤ՝ѩհ Robert Gullyޟ़୽ΡȂӰ಻ᜲՄᎏڗᇃᢊۢۺޟ່ਐȂՄиശࡣᎏڗ೎

ؚȄᜲுޟ࢐Ȃт੼ήΟ1ҏР଄Ȃ࣏19жकࠉ෈ޟᆋᅭኞؓୈΟَᜌȄ²⁴ ԪࡣΙޢڗᇃᢊ໠ஃޟ1860ԑфϞࠉȂᜰܻᇃᢊȂՙПޟΟ၌Шၶӻ࢐಻

ᜲޟႭ࢑଄क़Ȅ࿋ਢѫौԤ಻ହӵᇃᢊ੕১ߣߖႄᜲȂՙПжࣨӻོ஠ฐ ᘈ໱ϛܻᇃ৬Ȃᇯ࣏ᇃᢊ࢐ܚԤ಻ହѶᙹޟᆌॶȂ೨ӻৼ܎ޟ࢈ٱೝࢺ༈

๿Ȅ²⁵

ᇃᢊ໠ܹ࣏೽୦ο۬ȂϷӖܻ1858ԑϛ୽ᇄ߼ȃछȃ़ȃݲӵЈࢻॏ

22Γਜ෌壂Δτൕψড়୮ωࠩড়୮ΰ2αυΔ଄2Ε7Ζ 23Γਜ෌壂Δτൕψড়୮ωࠩড়୮ΰ2αυΔ଄64Ζ

24ΓJ. B. Steere଺ထΔޕ֙ંᒳ, Formosa and Its Inhabitants (Taipei: Academia Sinica, Institute of Taiwan History [Preparatory Office], 2002), p. 114; Steere଺ထΔࣥؖ৙᤟Δπ壂ዿᐰޥ֗ࠡ۰اΚ19׈ધભഏ໑ढᖂ୮ऱፕ

᨜ᓳ਷࿝ಖρΰፕקΚছᓡנठषΔ2009ڣαΔ଄176-177ΙRobert GullyऱֲಖΔམᆖຑሉ࣍The Chinese repositoryΰխഏហ໴αપ1845-1851ၴऱٺཚխΖ

25ΓChantal ZhengထΔᔤႉᐚ᤟Δπ19׈ધᑛ੊Գڇፕ᨜ρΰፕקΚত֚஼ݝΔ1999ڣαΔ଄51-52Ζ

(10)

ҳӨघϛȄϛݲЈࢻనघȞ಑6෡ȟ؁ቨషЫΙοȄ1860ԑϛ़ݲȶѕٵ៉

घȷԙҳࡣȂ़୽୙ሴٱỰڷȞRobert Swinhoeȟ²⁶։ܻ1861ԑ7ТܰᇃȂ নభӵᇃᢊۺ೩ᓢȂӰҕ௑Ϛ๡ȂঙϞЫπϚ݈ȂΝӑߕ཈ߞȂ11Тᙽ܁

షЫ೩ࢷᜰ໠ѿȄᇃᢊࢋ໠ஃȂӨ୽୦಻િિՄپȂ఼ࢇۺࠌট೩ᇃᢊཱི

ᜰȂᗵ឴ᖂโ୛ѧሀኈȞRobert HartȟȂٮоᚘ᠖Ȟஅ໪ȟ࣏షЫѴοȂ

҈ޔȞଽ໰ȟ࣏ᇃᢊۺѴοȂܻӨο೩ᜰȂϷည୙โ୛ѧ1ӪȂடᆓѲο โ୛Ȅܻ࢐ᇃᢊΙ৬୦ஃȂӪ࣏ΠοȂᄂ࣏ѲοȂи౏Σᇇ⋵ϱӴȄ࿱ఀ

хϞԓኀЅ໠ஃȂ࣏ՙП۠ఀӔ༈ΣᇃᢊⲵΟၯȄЈкఀܻ1859ԑ௢π१ پȂ़୽ߝՂོࠌܻ1865ԑΣᇃ೩ఀȄ²⁷

඲ِϞȂ௃Јࢻనघ᛫ॏޟ1858ԑϞࡣȂᄇՙПжࣨՄِȂᇃᢊϚӔ ડજՄልሉȄҥܻ࿋ਢޟᇃᢊ૯ȃኻသືܾғᑹȂёΰԤᙴ൲ޟᝪᙠց

ྛȂиҡᄘনۖՄӻኺȂӰԪ֜Е೨ӻ୦Ρȃࢷ՗ȃଢ଼ේސ௴໱ޱȃ௤ᓎ ড়оЅ༈ఀρޟڗ೤Ȃ໠ంՌ೉៌ਢфࡣӔ࡙ᇄՙПжࣨኄݿ௥ញޟਢ фȄܻ࢐ȂԤΡᇳ19жक࢐ՙП۠ఀӵᇃᢊಜਲ਼ᇄี৤ޟкौԑфȂ²⁸ܖ

ِ࢐Ѵ୽௤ᓎড়༁ߜਢфޟ໠ۖȄ²⁹೻ٲՙП௤ᓎড়ȃ୦Ρȃ༈ఀρڷѴҺ

26ΓỪࡉΰRobert Swinhoe, 1836-1877αΔس࣍ٱ৫ףዿٺ࿠Δ૎ഏཬढᖂ୮Δ18ᄣܛދԵ૎ഏᕋဎ؆ٌഎΔ20 ᄣଈڻࠐፕΔڇᄅێྋՑԫ൅ၞ۩ψ༈Գωమയٚ೭Δႉঁආႃ໑ढΖ1857Ε1858ڣࠟ৫ჸଊ૎ᤎଶൎᇆ ΰthe Inflexibleαᛩፕჼ༈ᑛભํᣄዦاΔࠀೠྒྷاൣΔ൶೮௧ࡾፖ᣼ขΖ1861ڣ7ִ੔ᕋፕ᨜ࢌΰፕতαΔ ٵڣ12ִ20ֲΔऴ൷ൕლ॰᠏ࠩ෉ֽၲ塢Ζ1862ڣ4ִΔຕ૥ՕዧᄻՂཾ൶๶௠ႁගՕ⏽୿ᆢ৊ᔕषΙٵڣ 5ִᠦፕ१଩ཉ塄ఐΔ1864ڣ1ִ31ֲ٦৫ڃࠩ෉ֽΖỪࡉڇຍ੄ψ塄ఐωཚၴΔڇ଩ཉ࿇।ڍᒧፕ᨜଺۰ اࡉ຺ᡬᓵ֮Δ໺ࡳࠡᖂ๬چۯΖ1864ڣ5ִΔ൅ထ૎ഏ؆ٌຝᇖܗऱ壄യᏚᕴΔԿ৫൶๶ᤕᖾΙٵڣ7ִ

૥ᑫྋ֗তຝჼ༈ಁํNetherby؈ࠃࠃٙΔፖඈ᨜ගڶࢬ൷ᤛΖٵڣ11ִॣൕლ॰ฝᕋؚदΔڇ૎೸ᣌچ੉

۩ΰDent & Co.αႃຄํԿᆺᇆΰTernateαՂΔሒתڣհՆΖ1865ڣ5ִॣޏ఺೏ႂଽํᙰࣟೡ՞׋๠֚ܓ

۩ΰMcPhail & Co.αاڛ੡塢ॐΖ1865ڣ5ִॣ֒ٚᏆࠃΖ1866ڣॣ൶๶₟ᖺᄻΕքᚋΙ2ִࢍᓳ੔ლ॰Δ4

ִإڤ൷ٚᕋლ॰ᏆࠃΖ1867ڣ8ִམ۟ᑫྋ൶೮ᅁ᣼Ι1868ڣ12ִ۟฼ڣ1ִࢍΔ֗1869ڣ6ִࠟ৫אፕ᨜

Ꮖࠃټᆠࠐፕ๠෻ψ૎ํభᚰڜؓࠃٙωΰᑍᆰࠃٙα࿳৵ࠃࡵΖ༉൶ᙠΕ଺۰اග֮֏֗፿ߢಖᙕΕ໑ढ

࿇ൺֱ૿ΔỪࡉ໌ທԱ๺ڍψፕ᨜รԫωΔ๯ᎁ੡ਢψ່ܘԺΔՈਢګ༉່೏ऱ൶ᙠী໑ढᖂ୮ΰexploring naturalistsαհԫωΖຫਙԿΔπᘄ࿴壂ዿᐰޥΚ૎ഏ؆ٌࡴỪࡉඡ堚ፕ᨜ધ۩ρΰፕקΚፕ᨜஼ݝנठڶ

ૻֆ׹Δ2008ڣαΔ଄2-5ΙOtness, One Thousand Westerners in Taiwan; A Biographical and Bibliographical Dictionary, pp. 151-153.

27Γᘸة壁Δτ096 ፕ᨜հၲകυΔπඒᄎ׾ᇩρΔร1ᙀΔگԵψᘸة壁९۔׾ற஄ωጻీΚwww.laijohn.com/

BOOK1/096.htmΰ2010ڣ9ִ21ֲរᔹαΖ

28ΓW. A. PickeringထΔຫၝܩ᤟Δπᖵᙠ壂ዿᐰޥρΰፕקΚ଺ا֮֏Δ2004ڣαΔ଄84Ζ 29ΓᏥ܌ᝊΔπ൶ᙠ୮ڇፕ᨜ρΰፕקΚ۞مඡ໴Δ1988ڣαΔ଄6Ζ

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ٺ࿽้லӵٖ೤ᇃ৬ϞࡣȂ੼ήᆍᆍၽᐣकᓃȂҏ࿽஠ӵࠉМଆ፣ޟஅᙃ ΰȂკၐᇔᛳ19жकՙПΡᄇᇃᢊ଄क़ϛᇄHakkaԤᜰޟഋϷȂᙤоΟ၌19 жकپᇃޟՙПΡಁϛޟᇃᢊHakkaـത֕౪ࡩኺޟኺᇼȄ

ԃࠉܚक़ȂHakkaӵ19жकϛဨ࢐ጂҳҐδޟΡတ྅܈ȄՄҏМܚِϞ ȶHakkaȷޣᜋᢎȂкौ࢐ࡾྛܻ๼ࠒᄇHakkaޟᇯޣ྅܈Ȃ፝ԃHakkaΙຠ ϞٺҢȃHakka࢐ኄݍࣸޟПِတϞΙȂᇄኄۺПِޟҏӴΡᜰ߽Ϛ࿚Ȃܖ

࢐஼፡Hakka߽ҥѕПࠒ᎐ޟᅕΡȂПِᇄۢၗࣺߖȂΝՍጼᆎHakka࣏ߨ ᅕ้้Ȅ

ᇃᢊ໠෫ࡣȂՙПΡپᇃࢊ೩ޟ੕ᜰȃሴٱᐠᄺ้Ȃࣱ࢐ҥ๼ࠒޟࣺ

ᜰ൐՝ࣂሌ೩ညȄԪѴԃՙП۠ఀޟҀఀȂһ࢐ҥ๼ࠒޟ༈ఀӴᘈӑ՗ଋ ጛܖΟ၌ޑݷࡣӔࣂՍᇃᢊȄԃ़୽அ࿜ఀߝՂఀོپ๼ࡇఀܻۖ1847 ԑȂҥᇽࡄཇȞWilliam Chalmers Burns, 1815-1868ȟڧဒ࣏಑1ӈ੕Ѵࡇ ၾৱȄߑ෈ޟ༈ఀୢ୿кौоሦࠒȞ1850ԑΣ཈ߞȟȃဃݍȞоԳᓞȃዘ ԎȃԳ׎࣏ϛЖȟ้Ӵ࣏кȄ1860ԑȂᎹ཈ߞޟࡇఀৱ؇ოኈޏৱȞRev.

Carstairs Douglasȟෆپᇃᢊ೤୰Ȃ࡚߯ដ़୽ᖂོӵԪ༈ఀȄ಑1՝ೝࣂپ ᇃᢊޟߝՂོࡇఀৱ଻໯ӨȞJ. L. Maxwellȟ³⁰ܻ1864ԑԑߑӑڗ཈ߞᏰಬ ሦࠒᇭȂ࣏܁ᇃࡇఀႱհྥരȂӣԑܰᇃ৤໠ࡇఀώհȄϞࡣ़୽ᖂོά ӑࡣࣂюҠ࣏ᓒȞRev. W. Campbellȟ³¹ȃ؃ᶳȞH. Ritchieȟ้ΡȂ࿋ਢࡇ

30Γ್ႁٺ᠔سΰJames L. Maxwell, 1865-1871Ε1883-1885ڣڇፕαΔᤕ௑ᥞԳΔ1863ڣ࠹੔੡૎ഏ९۔ඒᄎ௧

؆ႚඒஃΔՈਢ૎ഏ९۔ඒᄎร1ۯ੔ᕋፕ᨜ऱ௧؆৙ඒஃΖܦᖂࣔΔπ२ז९۔ඒᄎࠐፕऱֱ۫ႚඒՓρ ΰፕקΚֲ໌ष֮֏ࠃᄐڶૻֆ׹Δ2007ڣαΔ଄39Ζ

31Γز੡ᙤΰRev. W. CampbellαΔ1871ڣ࠹૎ഏ९۔ඒᄎ஁੔ࠐፕ৙ཆ壂ଃΔ੡ᇠᄎร2ۯࠐፕडஃΖ1871ڣڣ

ࢍؚ۟दΔ೶ፖ৙ඒՠ܂Δᙟܛ۟ፕ᨜ࢌΔ৵אፕ᨜ࢌ੡խ֨ٻ؆໮ࢷ୶ႚඒՠ܂Ζছ৵ڇፕ46ڣΰ1871- 1917αΔೈ࣍խতຝ߲ಱႚሐ؆Δࠀଈ٣ၲࢷኦ֏֗ᑫྋඒ೴Δፖ್೟๯ီ੡তקඒᄎࠟՕਪفΖ1873ڣl0

ִΔፖ׾ᆳᅗΕ૎ഏᕋؚद௧ᣂז෻ᚥᙄT. L. Bullock࿛ԳΔԫٵൕፕতקՂΔሏᖵቯᆠΕֲִᑧΕ୕ߺΕᣆ षΕኦ֏࿛چΔ٦ᆖ્ொΕᄅێΕՕᄻΔࣂሒ෉ֽΔਈᄎ್೟डஃΰG. L. MackayαΖڼ۩խΔהଚਈ๶Ա

ֲִᑧΔᅝழطز੡ᙤࡎټ੡ψ׬߅ଥՓྋωΰLake CandidiusαΖ৵ፖ್೟ԫದࠩփຬऱၢ᠜چ೴ႚ壂ଃΖ

༓ڣհ৵Δ٦ڻ៥ሐᕺጆᥞؓ଺Δร2ڻਈ๶್೟Ζ1891ڣڇፕ᨜ࢌ໌๻ψಝ៑ഘωΔ੡२׈ፕ᨜ळԳඒߛ հ٣ᜢΖڼ؆Δزּထ૪੷ႧΔ܂঴ߜڍΔ֠אፕ᨜׾ઔߒ່੡ડנΔڕAn Account of Missionary Success in the Island of Formosaΰፕ᨜ႚඒհګפαΕFormosa Under the Dutchΰ๛ᥞएՀհፕ᨜α֗Sketch from Formosaΰፕ᨜ᄗฃαΕFormosa Under the Japanese: Being Notes of A Visit to the Tai-chu Prefectureΰֲءอए Հհፕ᨜α࿛஼ΖGeogre Leslie Mackay଺ထΔࣥඡس᤟Δπ壂ዿᐰޥધࠃΚ್೟ፕ᨜ڃᖋᙕρΰፕקΚছᓡ

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ఀᄇຫоҁৃఊΡ࣏кȄ1872ԑё਌σߝՂఀོζࣂΡپᇃࡇఀȂоѕഋ

࣏кौጒ൜Ȃڏϛо଻୍ᚂҡȞRev. L. G. Mackayȟۨђീ୉Ȅ³²

Јкఀෆܻ17жकՙੲбћᐃѕᇃਢ༈ΣᇃᢊȂ1641ԑင೉៌Ρംю ࡣࠌ֙ϛᘞȄЈࢻనघጚ๖ࡣȂЈкఀρΝ௢π१پȄࠛᙴ8ԑȞ1858ȟȂ

຅ࡡᇽၾོ݂ȞDominicanȟؚۡپᇃҀఀȂࣂഌுতȞFernande SainzȟЅ

؇ᑟܜȞJoseph DuttorasȟڍડЮӑ॓཈ߞȇഌኈতડЮܻ1859ԑ6ТՌ཈

ߞ॓ᇃȂ໠ۖӵଽ໰ࠉߜ᫄৤໠༈ఀٱཾȄ1860ԑӵࠉߜ᫄࡚ҳΟ಑1৴Ј кஆȂ³³ٮܻ1861ԑ౏Σ࿲ߜ᫄ȞϬ឴ࡎݍᑪ࿲᠈໐ȟȂө࿋Ӵޟҁৃఊ༈

ఀȄ³⁴

оΰϚᙵڏྮӴᇳ݂໠ஃࡣپᇃޟՙПΡӻင๼ࠒՄپȂкौ࢐Ӱ࣏

೻ኺޟငᐣႆแȂΪϷџ૖ኇ៪тঈᄇᇃᢊΡတޟᇯޣȄശ݂ᡗޟഋϷߒ ҰӵپᇃՙПΡᄇHakkaΙຠޟٺҢȄ

ᇃᢊ໠ஃࠉȂՙПМᝦᄇپᇃᅕΡޟߒक़ПԒȂӻ࢐оϛ୽ۢПҢຠ ޟȶሦဃಋҕȷᆎϞȄԃ1836ԑThe Chinese RepositoryȞϛ୽ᘎൢȟ1ࠌᜰ

נठषΔ2009ڣαΔ଄315Ιޕ८ൎΔτൕπඒ೭ᠧ፾ρΰChinese Recorderα઎堚ࡱፕ᨜ഗᅮඒऱ࿇୶υΔ گּ࣍ထΔπᆣሐࣟࠐΚ२זխഏഗᅮඒ׾հઔߒρΰፕקΚತቸऄԳഗᅮඒڙࡶ٠٤ԳᣂᡖᖲዌΔ2007 ڣαΔ଄91-92Ι୪სႁΔτࣙ۞ጋ൛խऱ৊ኑᖫѧѧ৙ඒՓز੡ᙤऱᖵ׾հளυΔگԵᏥ܌ᝊΔπ൶ᙠ୮ ڇፕ᨜ρΔ଄71-79ΙܦةဎΔπፕ᨜௽ڶཬढ࿇෼׾ρΰፕקΚඣਣΔ2006ڣαΔ଄43-44Ζ

32ΓܦᖂࣔΔπ२ז९۔ඒᄎࠐፕऱֱ۫ႚඒՓρΰፕקΚֲ໌ष֮֏ࠃᄐڶૻֆ׹Δ2007ڣαΔ଄2-43Ζ್೟

डஃΰGeorge Leslie Mackay, 1844-1901αΔዧټψ೟ⷠ෻ωΔਢףஞՕ९۔ඒᄎ੔۟௧؆ऱร1ۯ৙ඒஃΔ

࣍1871ڣ12ִ30ֲࣂሒؚदΔ1872ڣ3ִ7ֲڇޕᶭडஃΕᐚ್֜᠔سຩٵՀΔჸψ௧ᚊᇆωᔚํছ࢓෉ֽΔ 1872ڣ3ִ9ֲࣂሒ෉ֽΔڇፕ᨜৙ඒ९ሒ29ڣհՆΔ٥๻مඒᄎሒ60塒ࢬΔਜੑॾஈ༓ሒ4,000ԳΖ್೟ڇ܉

ሐհ塒ࡸආႃլ֟೯ढΔԫຝ։ᑑءಬ۟קભΖ1882ڣڇ෉ֽ๻م෻ᖂഘՕ஼ೃΰOxford CollegeαΔᘣ۞

ᝑ඄໑ढᖂΔڼ੡ፕ᨜໑ढᖂᝑஆհᛒ᠁Ζ1901ڣ6ִ2ֲڂ໫ᛮఐຓΔᆻڇ෉ֽΖ೶ߠMackay଺ထΔࣥඡس

᤟Δᔤٛ஑ீࣹΔπ壂ዿᐰޥધࠃΚ್೟ፕ᨜ڃᖋᙕρΰፕקΚছᓡנठषΔ2009ڣαΔ଄329-359Ιܦة ဎΔπፕ᨜೯ढ൶ᙠΚԼ԰׈ધֱ۫Գڇፕ᨜ආႃ೯ढऱਚࠃρΰፕקΚඣਣנठڶૻֆ׹Δ2001ڣαΔ଄

129-130Ζ

33Γڼഘ଺ء๵ᑓլՕΔٵएցڣΰ1862αޏאદᗤΕ䠜۷فא֗ԿٽՓ৬ທΔࡎټ੡फጇᆣئഘΖ৵࣍1928ڣ ૹ৬Δආ৵ཚ֮ᢌ༚ፖཚ৬ᗰΔױ൦ڇ֜ؓ੉ᖏञխ๯੦ᛡΖᖏ৵ૹଥΔإ॰Ղࡸ඀ڶ1864ڣভ᠆০ቇᔅ ψ࡚ڱωྨԫֱΖڼഘۯ࣍ფࣾ೏ႂᖯఊΖ೶ߠᘸة壁Δτ093 ֚׌ඒ൴ՒૹࠐυΔπඒᄎ׾ᇩρΔร1ᙀΔ گԵψᘸة壁९۔׾ற஄ωጻీΚwww.laijohn.com/BOOK1/093.htmΰ2010ڣ9ִ21ֲរᔹαΖ

34Γ֚׌ඒ壀׀࣍ᆄ८ԫ൅ऱႚඒګᜎ੷ړΔլࠩԫڣ༉ᛧ൓ԺԺΕߧ՞ΕףೱிԿषԲۍ塒Գګ੡ॾஈΖॣڶ ԫ՛ഘΔ࣍ٵए8ڣΰ1869α12ִإڤଥ৬Δڻڣ2ִ8ֲݙՠΔܛ੡վֲհᆄ८֚׌ഘΔਢፕ᨜෼ژ່ײ۔

ऱ֚׌ഘΖ೶ߠᘸة壁Δτ093 ֚׌ඒ൴ՒૹࠐυΔπඒᄎ׾ᇩρΔร1ᙀΔگԵψᘸة壁९۔׾ற஄ωጻ

ీΚwww.laijohn.com/BOOK1/093.htmΰ2010ڣ9ִ21ֲរᔹαΖ

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კ1Ǻ1862ԃޑᆵ᡼৞კ

ၥਟپྛȈRobert Swinhoe, “Notes on the Island of Formosa,” Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 34 (1864), pp. 6-18.

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ܻϛ୽ޟൢᏲȂӵඪڗᇃ৬ଢ଼༄ਢȂᄇپᇃޟᅕΡ࢐оȶthe Fuhkeeu and Canton emigrantsȷܖȶFuhkeen and Canton settlersȷ้ԅಁߒक़Ȅ³⁵௃ۢۺ ຜُȂоሦဃಋҕᆎϞޟ௑לȂӵϛММᝦϛȂ௃఼ሴᇃϞࡣо఼ٟґȂ

ࣱ࢐ԃԪȄ։ϛ୽ۢПӻоᝲೱܖ՗ࢇୢࣨپϷ᜸ܚಛݽޟΡҕȂՙПޟ ҢᇭনҏݼϞȂծ19жकϛဨᇃᢊ໠ஃࡣȂپᇃՙПΡᄇᇃᢊࡊПِΡတ ޟߒक़ПԒԤΟ࡞σޟᙽᡐȂࣱΙࡡᆎϞ࣏HakkaܖHakkasȄԃҠ࣏ᓒޏ ৱِȂȶᅇΓҗຬၸ200࿤ޑᅽࡌ౽҇܈ࡕжǴаϷεऊ25࿤Ӝቶٰܿ࣪ޑ Hakkas܌ಔԋȷȇ³⁶ܖԃݲ୽юގޟȮᆋᅭኞ಼Ճᄆൢ֙ȯϛِȶவᇟق کಞ߫Бय़ٰ࣮ǴҁӦۚ҇ёϩԋٿᜪǺচᝤᅽࡌޑHaklosکவٿቶٰޑ HakkasȷȄ³⁷

ଶΟޢ௥оHakkaᆎक़ᇃ৬ޟࡊПِΡတѴȂ࿋ਢپᇃޟՙПΡζҢт ঈᄇ๼ࠒHakkaޟࢋԤᇯޣپ౩၌ᇄජक़ᇃᢊޟࡊПِΡတȂоήϷक़ϞȄ

΋ǵமፓ Hakka ޑᎂழᐕў

ԃHellmuth PanchowඪڗȶHakkaࢂύ୯Γαύޑ΋೽ϩǴࢂаᎂ౽ޑ ΓࣁӜǴջࣁ࠼ΓȞguest peopleȟϐཀǴٰԾύ୯чБǴՠၨఁᎂԿࠄБ Ӛ࣪ȩȇ³⁸Ȯᆋᅭኞ಼Ճᄆൢ֙ȯᆎȶHakkasࢂύ୯ࠄБ΋ঁ੝ਸޗ཮฻ભ ԋ঩ޑࡕဴǴ೏ΓᕔόଆǴځύ΋εဂӧύ୯খ໒ۈ෗҇ਔǴ଒ᜤډᅽᅟ ነ؅ȷȇ³⁹ࢠ୚ȞArthur Cornerȟ⁴⁰ߒҰHakkalis࢐ȶᎂழޑ҇௼Ǵණۚӧ᏾

35Γ“Notices of Modern China,” The Chinese Repository 4 (1835.5-1836.4), pp. 496-497.

36ΓWilliam Campbell, Sketches from Formosa (Taipei: Ch’eng Wen Publishing Company, 1972; Original edition published Marshall Brothers, Ltd., 1915), p. 249; CampbellထΔ߼ࡲᘋ᤟Δπై༴壂ዿᐰޥΚز੡ᙤፕ᨜࿝ಖρ ΰፕקΚছᓡנठषΔ2009ڣαΔ଄239Ζ

37ΓReginald KannထΔᔤႉᐚ᤟Δπ壂ዿᐰ๎ەኘ໴ܫρΰፕקΚխઔೃፕ׾ࢬᤂໂ๠Δ2001ڣૹٱ1905ڣ ठαΔ଄63Ε227Ζ

38ΓHellmuth Panchow, “Die Bevölkerung Formosas,” [The Population of Formosa],in “Annotated bibliography of 19th Century German articles concerning Taiwan (Formosa),” Compiled by Douglas Fix, With summaries by Tina Schneider, Formosa Nineteenth Century Images: hap://cdm.reed.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fformosa

&CISOPTR=1555&REC=1&CISOBOX=reclus(14th May, 2014), p. 62.

39ΓKannထΔᔤႉᐚ᤟Δπ壂ዿᐰ๎ەኘ໴ܫρΔ଄63Ε227Ζ

40Γਲ೬ΰArthur Cornerα੡1ۯ۰ڇლ॰ऱ૎ഏ೸ԳΔ࣍1874-1876ڣၴࣂፕள۩Δছ৵۟֟ԿڃΖรԫڃڇ 1874ڣΔطؚदছ࢓ৠࣟԿچၢषՑԫ൅Ιร2ڃڇ1876ڣ2ִΔطፕতߨࠩ෉ֽΙร3ڃطקۖতΔߨ๶ֲ

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ঁεഌǴЀځࢂቶܿ࣪ࠄ೽ȷȄ⁴¹ҟղਿȞOtto Warburgȟ⁴²ࠌלৠHakkas ȶଆྍઓ઎ǴЪӭؠӭᜤȷȇ⁴³؃цኈȞC. W. Le Gendreȟ⁴⁴ِHakkasȶࢂ

ቶܿ࣪ϣߏය೏ॐ্ՠࡐ༇Ꮯޑ΋ঁᅿ௼ǴࡐԐа߻Ǵ೏ቶܿҁӦΓவύ ୯εഌ០ᚆǴ౽ۚډᆵ᡼ȷȇ⁴⁵࿲БኈᚂҡȞDr. Patrick Mansonȟ⁴⁶ౠกᇃ ᢊޟHakkas࢐Ӱ࣏ӵኄݍࣸন໐ᇄҏӴΡȞPuntiȟีҡތାࡣೝ៮ംپᇃ ޟȇ⁴⁷Մӵѕᇃᢊ༈ఀޟ଻୍ζෆඪЅȈ

Hak-kasǴᏵ௢ෳࢂவύ୯ч೽ࢌ΋௼ΓǴ౽ډᅽࡌฅࡕΞ౽ ډቶܿޑࡕဴǶᆵ᡼ޑч೽ऊԖ10࿤ΓǴдॺ߿ඪΞ଼֧Ǵӧύ୯

ִᑧΖڶᣂڇፕऱள۩ધࠃΔਲ೬མᐊՀ3ᒧ֮ີΔ։ܑ࿇।ڇ૎ഏπ઄୮چ෻ᖂᄎཚעρࡉπխഏள۩ඒ ᄎֆ໴ρՂΖܦةဎΔπፕ᨜೯ढ൶ᙠΚ19׈ધֱ۫Գڇፕ᨜ආႃ೯ढऱਚࠃρΔ଄167-170ΙHarold M.

Otness, One Thousand Westerners in Taiwan; A Biographical and Bibliographical Dictionary (ፕקΚխ؇ઔߒೃ

ፕ׾ࢬᤂໂ๠Δ1999ڣ)Δ଄34Ζ

41ΓArthur Corner, “A Tour Through Formosa, from South to North,” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 22:1 (1878): 59.

42Γر܄௑ΰOtto Warburg, 1859-1938αΔᐚഏཬढᖂृΔୃᖂ໑ՓΖ1885-1889ڣၴΔڇᐚഏ઄୮چ෻ᖂᄎऱᆖ ၄ᢥܗՀΔ୶ၲԱץܶፕ᨜ڇփऱࣟࠅհளΖر܄௑࣍1887ڣऱᆣᓭᆏཚၴΔൕლ॰ჸํছࠐ෉ֽΔၲࡨה ऱ壂ዿᐰޥհ۩Ζر܄௑ࣂፕڣזਢڇ1888ڣ1-3ִၴΖܦةဎΔπፕ᨜೯ढ൶ᙠΚԼ԰׈ધֱ۫Գڇፕ᨜

ආႃ೯ढऱਚࠃρΔ଄197-199Ζ

43ΓO. Warburg, “Ueber seine Reisen in Formosa,” in English translation by Tina Schneider. Edited by Douglas Fix, “On His Travels in Formosa,” Formosa Nineteenth Century Images: http://cdm.reed.edu/cdm4/document.

php?CISOROOT=/formosa&CISOPTR=686&REC=4 (Retrieved 14th May, 2014), p. 4.

44ΓޕטᐚΰCharles W. Le GendreαΔנس࣍ऄഏΔམ೶ፖભഏতקᖏञΖ1866-1872ڣၴᖜٚભഏᕋლ॰Ꮖ ࠃΖ1867ڣࠐፕΔቔ೯խഏࡴ୉࿇೯ࠫဪව୭ᢅࡢํᇆํ୉ऱ଺۰اآ࣠Δ1868ڣፖؘᣜ᧵࿛Գᄎජ଺۰ اଈᏆ࠱ޛᗱΔࠀፖհሒګ଺۰اլ٦႞୭ዦੌ࣍ڼऱֱ۫ํᣄԳ୉հ࠰ᤜΖམലڼ۩ᆖᖵᐊګ໴ܫΔ࣍

1871ڣנठΔࠡխᇡ૪ፕ᨜ऱᇷᄭΖ1874ڣቔ೯ֲءנ࢔ፕ᨜ΖOtness, One Thousand Westerners in Taiwan;

A Biographical and Bibliographical Dictionary, pp. 97-98. John ShufeltΰᤕપᘃαထΔࣥිྶ᤟Δτޕט൓ฃ

ႚυΔگԵ၄ᐚკΕᤕપᘃ׌ᒳΔᢅயᐚΕ၄ᐚკ᤟Δπޕט൓ፕ᨜ધ۩ρΰፕতΚഏمፕ᨜ᖵ׾໑ढ塢Δ 2013ڣαΔ଄lxxxvii-ciiΖ

45ΓC. W. LeGendre, Reports on Amoy and the island of Formosa (Washington:Government Printing Office, 1871), p.

46.

46Γᆄ֣ᐚ᠔سΰDr. Patrick MansonαΔ1866ڣ࠹ᆤ੡խഏ௧ᣂ᠔୉ΰMedical officerαᕋؚदΰ዁৵αΔ૤ຂ

်᛭؆ᤄԳՓ֗܂௛ွ໴ܫΔ1871ڣ᠏࢓ლ॰ࣚ೭Ζᘸة壁Δτ׾ᇩ229 ᑷ൅᠔ᖂհ׀ᆄ֣ᐚυΔπඒᄎ

׾ᇩρΔร1ᙀΔگԵψᘸة壁९۔׾ற஄ωጻీΚwww.laijohn.com/BOOK3/229.htmΰ2010ڣ9ִ21ֲរ ᔹαΖ

47ΓP. Manson, “A Gossip about Formosa,” China Review, 2:1 (1873), p. 44ΙᏥ܌ᝊΔπ৵՞൶ᙠΚԼ԰׈ધ؆ഏԳ ڇፕ᨜ࣟ௧ࡾऱள۩ρΰፕקΚ۞مඡ໴षΔ1992ڣαΔ଄144-164Ζ

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εഌکᆵ᡼೿ࣁԾρΚკว৖Ƕ⁴⁸

΋λ೽ϩΓޑ઒ӃྍԾܭύ୯чБޑ΋ঁ೽ပǴдॺࡕٰᎂ

౽ډቶܿ࣪ޑ΋٤ӦБǴӆவ္ٗᐉ෠Կᆵ᡼Ƕ೭٤Γћ଺Hak- kasȐstrangersȑǴдॺڀԖᐱ੝ޑғࢲϷᇟقǶ⁴⁹

҆ᝊᡣȞW. A. Pickeringȟ⁵⁰оήᄇHakkaޟᇯޣȂζ݂ᡗ߽ڧ๼ࠒ Hakka྅܈ܚኇ៪Ȉ

ЫഊӦǵࠄ᪜کᆶচՐ҇࣬ᎃޑᜐࣚ฻ӦǴՐ๱ќ΋ᅿڻ੝

҇௼Hak-kasǶǾǾ൳ԭԃа߻Ǵдॺޑ઒Ӄᚆ໒чБޑԴৎǴ߻

۳ύ୯ޑࠄБ଒ᚆکว৖ǴэᏵεъ೽ϩޑቶܿ࣪ǴӢԶཅٰቶ

ܿҁӦΓޑჇൾǶεऊ70ԃ߻ǴHak-kasکቶܿҁӦΓϐ໔วғݾ ରǴ٬᏾ঁቶܿ࣪ഐΕష໶ރᄊǶനࡕǴч٧ࡹ۬ࢴծ௱ජቶܿ

ΓǴኻࢪΓΨрծ࣬շǶϐࡕǴ൳Μ࿤Hak-kas೏ஓఠǴόϿΓ଒

ډଭٰဂ৞Ǵ൳ԭЊΓৎΨߵᓀ෠ੇٰᆵǶ⁵¹

ΒǵБقௗ߈ч٧۔၉

ଶΟоΰᇄHakka᎐ூᐣѬԤᜰޟ፣क़ϞѴȂ़୽Ꮉᇃ୙ሴٱỰڷѪෆ

48ΓMackay, From Far Formosa: The Island, its Peoples and Missions (Taipei: Ch’eng Wen, 1972), p. 102.

49ΓMackay, From Far Formosa, p. 93.

50Γؘᣜ᧵ΰWilliam PickeringαΔམٚᄅףࡕဎԳᥨاࡴΔ੡૎ഏऱ௧؆কᙠ୮Δ1862ڣٚ៭࣍խഏ௧ᣂΔ 1864-1870ڣၴڇፕ᨜ள۩Δ׊མᖜؚٚद௧ᣂࡴ୉Εڜؓ௧ᣂ૤ຂԳΔ֗૎ഏ۩֚ܓ۩ΰMessrs James &

Neil MacPhailαࡉࢣࡉಖ੉۩ΰMessrs. Elles & Co.αፕ᨜։ࢋࢋ९࿛៭Ζપڇ1863ڣأࢨ1864ڣॣΔؘᣜ᧵

ᆖطሐࣔᄎ壀׀ऱڜඈΔᆖመഖᙰࡉཽࣟᄻΰᚨਢ೏ৠᄻαΔॣ৫๶ംፕ᨜তຝऱ྾چΖ1865ڣ11ִፖ್ႁ ٺडஃൕࢌৄנ࿇Δ٣৵๶ംԱᄅཽषΕൂגࣥΕত֏Ε₟ᖺΕքᚋΕ௒ᄭ࿛چऱ଺۰اຝᆵΖؘᣜ᧵ڇ ፕ᨜7ڣհՆΰ1864-1870αΔ৵ڂᑍᆰࠃٙࡉ೜ൈڂైΔ๯૰ᠦၲፕ᨜ΖPickeringΰؘᣜ᧵α଺ထΔຫၝܩ

᤟Δπᖵᙠ壂ዿᐰޥρΰፕקΚ଺ا֮֏ࠃᄐڶૻֆ׹Δ2004ڣαΔ᤟૪ृݧΙ႓૵൐Δτࠟณߍ۰ፕ᨜ऱ Գѧѧਙए൶ᙠ୮ؘᣜ᧵ऱᔂࡎسෑυΔگԵᏥ܌ᝊΔπ൶ᙠ୮ڇፕ᨜ρΔ଄31ΙCampbellထΔ߼ࡲᘋ᤟Δ πై༴壂ዿᐰޥΚز੡ᙤፕ᨜࿝ಖρΔ଄223Ζ

51ΓPickering, Pioneering in Formosa: Recollections of Adventures among Mandarins, Wreckers, & Head-hunting Savages (Taipei: Ch’eng-wen Publishing Co., 1972), p. 67.

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ඪڗΙএ࿁⮟ȞLungkeaouȟՙࠒПޟ؆೅ȂڏΡοкौ࢐ȶቶܿ࣪чБٰ

ޑHakkasǴځύ΋٤ԴΓৎᇥ๱኱ྗޑч٧۔၉ȷȄ⁵² Οǵསࡰ Hakka ߚᅇ

ԪѴȂ঄ுݧཎޟ࢐Ȃӵ೨ӻՙПΡޟ๿क़ϛȂᗶณϚм஠Hakkasຜ

࣏ᅕΡޟජक़ȄԃPanchowِHakkas࢐ᇃᢊᅕΡޟಢԙϷυϞΙȄ⁵³າഡ ȞAdolf Fischerȟ⁵⁴ᇯ࣏Hakkas࢐ၭഏᢍΡ՞ுശߖޟᅕΡȄ⁵⁵ѪԃHerbert J.Allen⁵⁶ȃWilhelm JoestȃStöpel้Ρ഍ޢᆎȶChinese HakkasȷȄ⁵⁷ณՄȂ

52ΓỪࡉࠀ।قΔຍଡHakka᪾མঅᥨڇፕ᨜তֱ௧ࡾ؈ࠃऱLarpentᇆऱํ୉܍࣍ᔡ࠹ມ᨟Գऱ৖ౡΔڂڼᛧ

൓ԫ৞ࠐ۞๛ᥞຬ૨ՂരऱॾΔא֗૎ഏਙࢌ᠆༄ऱᑻᓾΖRobert Swinhoe, “Additional notes on Formosa,”

Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London 10:3 (1866), p. 127.

53ΓPanchow, “Die Bevölkerung Formosas,” in “Annotated bibliography of 19th Century German articles concerning Taiwan (Formosa),” (retrieved 14th May, 2014)Ζ

54Γ၄ຳΰAdolf Fischer, 1856-1914αΔᐚഏԳΔ1898ڣ2ִࠐፕආ๶ٺچΔطഗၼՂࡾ৵ছ࢓ፕקΕՕᒟἸΕ෉

ֽΕፙ⋯Δ٦তՀᄅێΕ્ொΕፕխΕ୕ߺ࿛چΖ൷ထطഗၼჸํছ࢓ᑫྋΔຜᆖڜؓΕፕতΕؚदΕࣟ

ཽΕࣝᐇΔ٦طࣝᐇ༛՞ሁᆖܓܓषΕ֣♺ᓡΕ֜຾ߺࣂሒፕࣟ࠲তΔࠀჸํছ࢓ጸ୾Εᥞᚡྥ৵ڃࠩഗ ၼΔམࠩ෉ֽ೶ᨠ್೟ࢬආႃگ៲ऱء୾೯ढᑑءΖܦةဎΔπፕ᨜೯ढ൶ᙠΚԼ԰׈ધֱ۫Գڇፕ᨜ආႃ

೯ढऱਚࠃρΔ଄268-270Ζ

55ΓAdolf Fischer, “Formosa.” Kringsjaa 15 (February/March 1900): 241-49, 401-407, in “Annotated bibliography of 19th Century German articles concerning Taiwan (Formosa),” Compiled by Douglas Fix, With summaries by Tina Schneider, Formosa Nineteenth Century Images: hap://cdm.reed.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fformosa

&CISOPTR=1555&REC=1&CISOBOX=reclus (retrieved 14th May, 2014)

56ΓHerbert J. AllenΔ1873ڣದٚ૎ഏᕋ෉ֽᏆࠃΔམ࣍1875ڣፖ್೟ፖޕᶭडஃၞ۩ԫڻփຬள۩ΖOtness, One Thousand Westerners in Taiwan; A Biographical and Bibliographical Dictionary, p. 3.

57ΓHerbert J. Allen, “Notes of a Journey through Formosa from Tamsui to Taiwanfu,” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London 21 (1877), pp. 258, 266; Wilhelm Joest, “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Eingebornen der Inseln Formosa und Ceram,” [Contributions to the Knowledge on the Aborigines of the Islands of Formosa and Ceram]. Verhandlungen der Berliner Gessellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte (1882): 53-76, in

“Annotated bibliography of 19th Century German articles concerning Taiwan (Formosa),” Compiled by Douglas Fix, With summaries by Tina Schneider, Formosa Nineteenth Century Images: hap://cdm.reed.edu/cdm4/document.php?C ISOROOT=%2Fformosa&CISOPTR=1555&REC=1&CISOBOX=reclus (retrieved 14th May, 2014); K. Th. Stöpel, Eine Reise in das Innere der Insel Formosa und die erste Besteigung des Niitakayama (Mount Morrison) [A voyage into the interior of the island of Formosa and the first ascent of Niitakayama (Mount Morrison)]. Buenos Aires:

Compaòia Sud-Americanna de Billetes de Banco, 1905. Stöpel, K. Th. Eine Reise in das Innere der Insel Formosa und die erste Besteigung des Niitakayama (Mount Morrison) [A voyage into the interior of the island of Formosa and the first ascent of Niitakayama (Mount Morrison)]. Buenos Aires: Compaòia Sud-Americanna de Billetes de Banco, 1905.

in “Annotated bibliography of 19th Century German articles concerning Taiwan (Formosa),” Compiled by Douglas Fix, With summaries by Tina Schneider, Formosa Nineteenth Century Images: hap://cdm.reed.edu/cdm4/document.ph p?CISOROOT=%2Fformosa&CISOPTR=1555&REC=1&CISOBOX=reclus (retrieved 14th May, 2014)Ζ

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ζԤϚЍ19жकپᇃޟՙПΡȂӵ଄क़ਢкᢎӴ஠HakkasտܻChineseȞᅕ ΡȂࡾሦࠒಋҕȟϞѴȂՄ೻խнζ࢐ጢܻᄇ๼ࠒπࡊፐएኄۺΡᄇࡊП

ِΡတߨᅕᆍຶ׻Ϟ᜝ޟኇ៪ȄԃE. Raoul஠ᇃᢊޟΡᆍϷԙnegritosȞ࿤

ω༃ΡȟȃsavagesȞഏᢍΡȟȃPepohoansȞҁৃฬȟȃChineseȞᅕΡȟȃ HakkasϤ᜸Ȅ⁵⁸ܖԃLe Gendreٖ೤ࡣ䖌ȞOulanȟݍ᜞όယޟҤӴਢȂࡾю ٥ٲπӴޟкΡ࢐Hakkasȶᗨฅдॺڊᜲηǵ੮ᝧηǴ٠ၸ๱ᅇΓ૓ޑғ ࢲǴՠдॺε೿ό౛཮ᅇΓޑݤೕȷȄ⁵⁹Le MonnierፙڗȈ

Hakkaࢂௗ߈Ўܴޑ೽௼Ǵᗨฅᆵ᡼ޑᅇΓᇡࣁдॺࢂߚך௼

ᜪǶҗܭHakkaکъഁ᡿ޑচՐ҇Րளࡐ߈Ǵ٠کдॺ೯ஆǴ௦Ҕ ࡐӭ྽Ӧޑಞ߫ǴӢԜکᅇΓ൳ЯόႽΑǶ⁶⁰

Paul Ibisෆܻ1877ԑٖ೤ϲᓹ٨ȞLakuliȟȂӰԪᄇ࿋ӴHakkaޟѴᇼ੫

኉ȃஏτЅҡཾПԒԤ఼ཿޟජक़Ȃծᡗณтζ஠HakkaտܻChineseϞѴȈ

ӧ׳ଯೀǴЀځࢂӧനଯޑξ୔Ǵךၶډ΋ဂ੝ਸޑΓǴࡽ

όႽᅇΓΨόႽচՐ҇ǴᅇΓᆀдॺࣁHakkaǶдॺޑѦ߄όႽᆾ ђΓΨόႽଭٰΓǴࣗԿ཮ᇤᇡдॺࢂӓදᖻΓǴ܈ᇤаࣁдॺឦ ܭ΋ঁӑኻᇟسޑᅿ௼ǶќѦ΋ঁёૈКၨ҅ዴޑᇥݤǴᇥдॺࢂ

58ΓE. Raoul, Les gages nécessaires: Yun-nan, estuaire du Yang-tse, Hainan, Formose. Première Partie, Formose [The necessary sacrifices: Yunan, estuary of the Yang-tse, Hainan, Formosa. Part 1, Formosa]. Paris: Challamel ainé, 1885. Summary by Amy Heneveld, in “Annotated Bibliography of 19th Century French Articles Concerning Taiwan (Formosa),” Compiled by Douglas Fix, With summaries by Amy Heneveld, Formosa Nineteenth Century Images:

http://cdm.reed.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/formosa&CISOPTR=1623&REC=2 (Retrieved 14th May, 2014)Ζ

59ΓLeGendre, Reports on Amoy and the island of Formosa, p. 46.

60ΓFranz Ritter von. Le Monnier, “Die Insel Formosa,” [The island Formosa]. Deutsche Rundschau für Geographie und Statistik 7:3 (1884): 97-103, 106-108; 7:5 (1885): 210-221, in “Annotated bibliography of 19th Century German articles concerning Taiwan (Formosa),” Compiled by Douglas Fix, With summaries by Tina Schneider, Formosa Nineteenth Century Images: hap://cdm.reed.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fformosa&CISOPTR=1555&

REC=1&CISOBOX=reclus (retrieved 14th May, 2014), p. 50.

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ࠄύ୯ξ୔ޑচՐ҇ǴࡐΦа߻کቶܿΓ΋ଆٰډᆵ᡼Ƕব΋ঁـ

ှࢂ҅ዴޑࡐᜤᘐۓǴӢࣁ࠼ৎΓӧғࢲБԄکᅇΓȐChineseȑ

΋ኳ΃ኬΑǴдॺב૶дॺޑᇟقǴΨόޕၰԾρޑᐕўǾǾǶ Hakkaεӭᡏ਱ம֧ǴКᅇΓکଭٰΓҜጥᗋ໵Ƕдॺޑᖍ׎ࢂᐍ

༝׎ޑǴᚐଯǴሷη฽ޔѳڶǶᚈযᖓԶόࠆǴ቏ЃόεǶ࣭Лǵ

࿋ЛǵᜲᠣᐚஏǶΒΜྃޑتης࿶੮ঁಷᝄޑλᜲηΑǶΠЃک

቏೽ޑᜲηࡐ༇മӦ߹ଳృǶдॺޑ߄௃ᆒΚк؊ǵ೯௃ၲ౛Ǵᄊ ࡋᝄ๘ǵଯۘӼᓉǴӵӕ΋Տ੿҅ޑӑӦӼΓǶ⁶¹

ᆣΰᢎϞȂՙПΡޟ଄क़ϛШၶЍ఼ཿӴ஠ᇳሦࠒПِޟᆋՂѪѴ኿

ҰȂӻоChineseᆎϞȂԃԪΙپȂலலೝѪѴඪЅޟHakkasᇄᅕΡ٘Ϸ

໢ޟᜰ߽Ȃ൷ᡗுᔪ࢏Մᔍ׊ȄՌѕПࠒپޟ᎐ಋѬȃПِߖۢၗȂࣥܖ Hakka࣏ߨᅕޟᇳݲȂ഍࢐19жकϛဨࡣՙПΡᄇ๼ࠒHakkaޟа७౩၌Ȃ ζӰԪೝ׹ৢӵپᇃՙПΡࣼ࡟ᇃᢊHakkaޟຜُϞϛȄ

စǵ19 ШइՋБΓჹᆵ᡼ Hakka ޑᇡ᛽ϐΒǺ ӧӦᢀჸޑᆵ᡼ Hakka Ⴝ

19жकپᇃޟՙПΡ଄क़ϛȂଶΟࠉक़џ૖ޢ௥ڧ๼ࠒHakkaᇯޣኇ៪

ޟ౩၌ѴȂᄇܻӵᇃᅕΡȂڏᄂԤ๿Ш఼фۢষၶ࣏ຮߖᄂ௑ޟΡတϷ᜸

ᇯޣȂоЅ೨ӻᄇܻᇃ৬HakkaᄂӴٖ೤ࡣޟӵӴᢎᄆȄоήϷक़ϞȄ

61ΓPaul Ibis, “Auf Formosa: Ethnographische Wanderungen,” [On Formosa: Ethnographic Travels], in Christian Buss

᤟ΔDouglas FixᒳᙀΔ“On Formosa: Ethnographic travels of Paul Ibis,” Formosa Nineteenth Century Images:

http://cdm.reed.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/formosa&CISOPTR=1306&REC=8 (retrieved 14th May, 2014), p. 32Ζ

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΋ǵᆵ᡼ᅇΓБقဂϩᜪ

ӵ౪фఊတϷ᜸྅܈ҐᑹଔϞࠉȂᝲೱΙޢ࢐ѠՂϛ୽ᄇΡတϷ᜸ޟ кौনࠌȄᄇܻΙএൽষኄ⌾ޟࡔ୽ՄِȂಋҕپՌդ឴࢐१ौޟȂтޟ ПॱࠌҐ҆ȄณՄـڏᄂȂ఼фپᇃޟሦဃಋҕϞϛȂष൷Пِတᇄࣸᝲ

پϷࣨȂ֕౪ޟ࢐ڍనҺᒿޟࣨጣȂᙤԪџоϷႤюѲএϚӣಢӫޟΡတ

឴ܒȂ։оᅊࢶಋҕ࣏кޟሦࣸሦࠒПِಋҕȃоҙԎಋҕ࣏кޟሦࣸࡊ ПِಋҕȃоოᔖԎಋҕ࣏кޟဃࣸࡊПِಋҕȂЅዘඏݼ۬ޟဃࣸሦࠒ ПِಋҕȄ⁶²

ᗶณپᇃᅕΡޟΡတ឴ܒԆӵΙۡޟፒᚕܒȂծ൷఼ࡔ୽ЅڏۢষՄ

ِȂᄇپᇃᅕΡޟϷ᜸ӻٷࣸᝲܖԎۺ࣏ࣨጣȂܚоӵМᝦϛலџࣼڗ ȶ࿵ᆶᄼǵࢨΞӜࣁΟᝤǴӚϩ਻ᜪȷϞ᜸ޟ଄ၷȂ⁶³ᗶณୋԤԃȮԊҁᑪ ᚕ଄ȯ఼ཿߒҰȂߖόࡊ೅ϞဃΡȶᇭॱᐿտȂ֯࢐ዘȃඏ໐ឍȷȂ⁶⁴ܖ ԤϚЍМᝦӵඪЅϷ᜸డାਢȂலԤȶሦዘӫȷȃȶҙߣဃȷ้ၮࣸࣨП

ِᇯӣޟ଄ၷȂծ૖ആݙࣸᝲᇄПِࣨጣҺᒿήޟΡတϷ᜸ᄂᄘޱȂଶΟ ஶᅨґԑሦ੖ᖂ࿜ឈᛳᅖ߳ȲᚠဎҕਝΨដਝ౵ȳ⁶⁵ѴȂϫ឴ЍَȄᙛ࢐Ϟ

࢈Ȃרঈխн࡞ᜲ௃఼фࣺᜰޟϛММᝦϛ౩၌ࣸᝲᇄПِࣨጣҺᒿήΡ တޟϷ᜸዁Ԓ࣏դȉՄ19жकϛဨࡣپᇃޟՙПΡᄇHakkaޟࣺᜰ଄क़Ȃࠓ

૖ᡱרঈ؁౏ΣΟ၌఼фᇃᢊᅕΡޟϷ᜸ᄂᄘȄ

19жकϛဨоࡣپᇃޟՙПΡȂӻᇯ࣏ᇃᢊᅕΡкौ࢐Hok-losȃHak-

62ΓࣥإᐝΔτᎸᆕΛ壂ড়Λ堚זፕ᨜ዧԳගᆢᣂএᄅ൶ѧѧאৠࣟؓ଺੡ࠏυΔπഏ׾塢ᖂ๬ႃעρΔร6ཚ ΰ2005ڣ9ִαΔ଄1-60Ζ

63Γ֔ᣪรΔτᎸ⮙⾅ನᙕυΔگԵፕ᨜Ꭼ۩ᆖᛎઔߒ৛ᒳΔπፕ᨜ᝨچნၧρΔፕ᨜֮᣸ហעร216ጟθאՀ ១ጠ֮ហιΰፕקΚፕ᨜Ꭼ۩ᆖᛎઔߒ৛Δ1965ڣαΖ堚זፕ᨜ઌᣂ֮᣸խΔڼᣊಖሉઌᅝڍΔ壆ڕψᄼ Γᆶࢨǵ࿵҇ΓǴનϩ਻ᜪωΕψመǵቶϐΓǴӚϩ਻ᜪωΔլ໏࣭ᜰΖτ܎ຝψ੡փᎹݻנല૨ֆ壂ൈڜ

࿛৉ωฝᄎυΔگԵፕ᨜Ꭼ۩ᆖᛎઔߒ৛ᒳΔπፕூნᙕࢊႃρΔ֮ហร200ጟΰፕקΚፕ᨜Ꭼ۩ᆖᛎઔߒ

৛Δ1964ڣαΔ଄167ΙπؓፕધࠃءأρΔ֮ហร16ጟΰፕקΚፕ᨜Ꭼ۩ᆖᛎઔߒ৛Δ1958ڣαΔ଄1Ζ 64Γፕ᨜Ꭼ۩ᆖᛎઔߒ৛ᒳΔπڜؓᗼᠧಖρΔ֮ហร52ጟΰፕקΚፕ᨜Ꭼ۩ᆖᛎઔߒ৛Δ1959ڣαΔ଄9Ζ 65Γᤚᢅየঅऱ৉֮᧩قΔ堚זൈዺأڣऱՀ෉ֽچ೴ΔԳᆢܧ෼ٵֱߢԳᆢऱሀઊ࿨ٽΖᤚᢅየঅΔτᠲᆠا

யԺᤜயงυΔگ࣍׆ᅛམΔπૹଥᏕ՞ᗼݳρΔ֮ហร146ጟΰፕקΚፕ᨜Ꭼ۩ᆖᛎઔߒ৛Δ1962ڣૹע 1764ڣठαΔ଄343-344Ζ

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kasΠ᜸Ȃ։оПِ࣏տϷ࣏ᆋՂᇄࡊড়ȂԪᇄۢПМᝦоᝲտ࣏ሦȃဃಋ ҕࣺ࿋ϚӣȄԃ1873ԑپᇃޟѬအ࿅ȞJoseph Beal Steereȟ⁶⁶ෆِȂȶѦ୯

໺௲γӧᅽᅟነ؅໺ၰਔǴ܌٬Ҕޑࢂ༺ߐޑБقǴдॺόѝӧᅇΓύ໔

٬Ҕ೭ᅿБقǴΨӧচՐ҇ϐύ٬ҔȷȄ⁶⁷඲ِϞȂ19жकϛဨࡣپᇃՙП Ρܚ௥ញڗޟᅕΡȂଶΟтঈಁϛޟHakkaѴȂ൷࢐Ρኵ؁ӻޟᇳ๿ሦࠒП

ِޟᅕΡȄ

پᇃՙПΡ૖ஊ఼ཿӴᒱտᆋՂܖHakkaޟϚӣȂ߽ӰHakka൷࢐ӵኄ ݍࣸϱᇄኄۺȃᆋՂӨПِတޟތࡻϛҡԙޟПِΡတᇭຠȂёΰՙПΡ ᄇܻᅕᇭӨПِޟ৯౴ཐڧၶ࣏ޢ௥Մ౏ړȄԃ҆ᝊᡣِȂȶύ୯ࢂ΋ঁ

ᚳεޑࡆ୯ǴҗኧΜঁ࣪ҽಔԋǴӚ࣪Γ҇٬ҔόӕޑБقǴځᇟق࣬౦ ޑำࡋǴүӵݤᇟکቺᇟ܈मᇟᆶՋ੤УᇟȷȄ⁶⁸଻୍ෆߒҰȂȶόӕޑᕉ ნ཮೷ԋόӕޑᇟقǴᆵ᡼ӚӦᅇΓޑᇟقΨԖᜪ՟ޑᡂϯǶεഌޑᅇΓ کᆵ᡼ޑᅇΓǴࡐ৒ܰ൩ૈᒣᇡрٰȷȄ⁶⁹Ҡ࣏ᓒһߒҰȂᇃᢊHakkaޟП

ِȂڷᆋᅭኞؓڏтᅕΡܚᇳޟᇭِࣺ࿋ϚӣȄ⁷⁰

ӵоПِᜋտᇃᢊᅕΡޟӣਢȂЍኵՙПΡޟ଄क़ၥਟᡗҰȂϐԤΡ

૖ஊΟ၌ϚӣПِΡတޟၮࣸϷҀ౪ຫȄԃ҆ᝊᡣෆِȈ

Ջ೽ݮ۞کவчډࠄޑ᏾ঁؑᑈѳচǴ೿җٰԾύ୯ᅽࡌ࣪

ޑ౽҇ॺۚՐ๱ǴдॺᇥޑࢂኻࢪΓ܌ᒏ༺ߐ၉ޑ΋٤ᡂᡏǶନ௞

66Γ׾ᆳᅗΰJoseph Beal Steere, 1842-1940αΔམ੡ભഏയ۫௅Օᖂ೯ढᖂඒ඄Δ1873ڣl0ִॣΔאψભഏയ۫

௅໑ढ塢۞ྥ׾ආႃ୉ωऱߪ։ΔᆖطଉཽΕლ॰ΔࣂሒؚदΖհ৵ڇز੡ᙤडஃࡉ૎ഏᕋؚद௧ᣂז෻ᚥ ᙄT. L. BullockऱຩٵՀΔطፕতקՂΔছ࢓ቯᆠΕֲִᑧΕ୕ߺΕᣆषΕኦ֏࿛چၞ۩ආႃՠ܂Δೖఎ२ ԿଡִΙྥ৵ᆖ્ொΕᄅێΕՕᄻΔࣂሒ෉ֽΔਈᄎ್೟डஃΖ1874ڣ3ִ16ֲΔൕؚदতՀΔᆖመᏕ՞Ε ᑪڠΔࣂሒᆄ८᪾ΕՕࣳ՞೴ආႃΖٵڣ6ִᠦፕΔছ࢓ဗ৳ᎏΖSteere଺ထΔࣥؖ৙᤟Δπ壂ዿᐰޥ֗ࠡ۰ اΚ19׈ધભഏ໑ढᖂ୮ऱፕ᨜ᓳ਷࿝ಖρΙܦةဎΔπፕ᨜௽ڶཬढ࿇෼׾ρΰፕקΚඣਣΔ2006ڣαΔ

଄43Ζ

67ΓSteere, Formosa and Its Inhabitants, p. 164.

68ΓPickering, Pioneering in Formosa, p. 50; ຫၝܩ᤟Δπᖵᙠ壂ዿᐰޥρΔ଄61Ζ

69ΓMackay, From Far Formosa, p. 98; ࣥඡس᤟Δπ壂ዿᐰޥધࠃΚ್೟ፕ᨜ڃᖋᙕρΔ଄92Ζ

70ΓCampbell, Sketches from Formosa, p. 55; Campbell, An Account of Missionary Success in the Island of Formosa, p.

441.

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ቶܿч೽ޑዊԀ۬ϐѦǴύ୯ځдӚ࣪ޑΓֹӄ᠋όᔉ೭ᅿ၉Ƕ೭ ٤౽҇ћբȨᅽԴΓȩȐHok-losȑǶ⁷¹

ᡗҰ҆ᝊᡣ఼ཿӴΟ၌ᆋՂᇭတޟϷҀ࢐ၮሦဃΠࣸȄՄ೻ζཎڨ

๿ȂϚӣܻۢПМᝦࣱо՗ࢇୢგϷ᜸ΡတȂپᇃՙПΡоڏᒑ٘௥ញ᠙ ᆸޟᇭॱپᒱտᅕΡȄ

ᄇ19жकள๿๼ࠒHakkaᇯޣپᇃޟՙПΡՄِȂޣၾဃࣸϱԆӵᆋՂ ᇭတȂ໌ՄΟ၌ᆋՂᇭတޟၮࣸϷҀȂխнϚ࢐Њᜲޟ୰ᚠȄШၶ֨ᜲޟ ᔖ၎࢐ၮюဃࣸϞѴȂтঈ࢐֏ޣၾሦࣸϱԆӵࡊПِတȄ೻এഋϷȂѬ အ࿅ޟ଄क़ၥਟ၇੼ήΟᇄԪԤᜰޟఃᎠᢎᄆȄѬအ࿅1876ԑෆِȂᇃᢊ ޟᅕΡघԤέԻ࿲ȂσഋϷپՌᆋ࡚ࣸȂѪԤЍኵೝᇯ࣏پՌኄݍޟHak- kasȄ⁷²ծࡣپѬအ࿅ওғΟтޟᇳݲȂߒҰᇃᢊ೨ӻ؆ဣϛޟHakkasȂন

߽ϷҀܻኄݍࣸᇄᆋ࡚ࣸȂծϫೝ࿋Ӵޟ՞ҕຜ࣏ѴپޱȄ⁷³೻࢐19жकޟ ՙПМᝦϛȂЍَӴϚװᇃᢊޟHakkas༉ຜ࣏ኄݍࣸಋҕޱޟᢎᄆȄ

ԪѴȂپᇃՙПΡޟ଄क़ၥਟζᡗҰȂHakkaٮߨᇃ৬ᅕΡᄛҢޟᆎ ڳȂฒ፣࢐тᆎܖՌᆎȄԃ҆ᝊᡣඪڗᇃᢊޟHak-kasਢȂߒҰȶдॺԾ ᆀࣁ࠼ΓȐstrangersȑǴ܈ӵᅽԴΓȐHok-losȑᆀϐࣁȨ࠼ΓȩȐKheh- langȑȷȇ⁷⁴ܖԃѬအ࿅ِHakkasޟȶ׸ပᆶځдύ୯ᅇΓԖ٤ຯᚆǴ೏ᆀ ࣁke-langȐ࠼ΓȑǴ܈ԾρᆀࣁȨ࠼ΓȩȐstrangersȑȷȇ⁷⁵࿲Бኈᚂҡһ ෆِȶHakkasˇˇ܈ӵᅽࡌБقȐFokien dialectȑᆀϐࣁKhaelangˇˇΓα ٠όӭǴࠅ҂ࣁځд௼ӕϯǴϝߥԖԾρޑᇟقǴ੝ਸޑՊ๱ᆶಞ܄ȷȄ⁷⁶

71ΓPickering, Pioneering in Formosa, p. 66.

72ΓSteere, “Formosa,” Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York, 6 (1876), p. 317.

73ΓSteere, Formosa and Its Inhabitants, p. 125.

75ΓSteere, “Steere’s Letter from Formosa,” http://cdm.reed.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fformosa&CISO PTR=642&REC=19&CISOBOX=ke- (retrieved 14th May, 2014), p. 20.

76ΓManson, “A Gossip about Formosa,” p. 44ΙᏥ܌ᝊΔπ৵՞൶ᙠΚ19׈ધ؆ഏԳڇፕ᨜ࣟ௧ࡾऱள۩ρΔ଄

144-164Ζ

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ҥоΰඁࠌٽᜌџޣȂᗶณ19жकϛဨࡣپᇃޟՙПΡӵඪڗᇃᢊޟࡊПِ

ΡတਢȂࣱϐΙࡡᆎϞ࣏HakkasȂծHakkaᆎᒝڏᄂϚ࢐ӵӴҢᇭȂ৬ϱᅕ Ρџ૖ࣥՍҐෆ᠙ᆸȂӰ࣏࿋ਢᇃ৬ޟࡊПِΡတ࢐ೝѪΙএПِΡတоሦ ࠒПِࡹॱޟKheh-langȃKhaelangܖKe-langȞࣱ։ȶࡊΡȷϞཎȟᆎϞȄ

षרঈ໌Ι؏୤Ճҕ໢МਪၥਟȂџоี౪Ȃоΰܚक़19жकՙПΡ ᢎᄆڗޟȶࡊΡȷᆎᒝȂڏᄂᔖ࢐఼фᇃᢊҕ໢ݼҢϐδޟಬᄛҢᇭȄԃ Ȳᇃࠒ௃ॖဎҕक౱ȳِȶ࠼ΓޣǴቶܿ჏ѳᙼΟԀٓႾ൥ϐΓΨǴӃࢂ

ᆵ᡼ǴܴΫᎄМᏵԖځӦǴநᅚ߃ۈΕހკǴϣӦࢬΓႾ൥ޣመΓᒏϐ᥅

ᲱǴ࿵Γᒏϐ࠼ΓȷȂ⁷⁷ܖԃၾӎԑ໢ΙӇҕ໢ѠМਪϛȂ஠ȶష឴ࡊΡȷ ᇄȶӒషဃΡȷٮᆎȂ⁷⁸ᡗҰюՍᒶڗΟୁ໪ґԑȂଶΟۢПᄛҢޟሦȃဃ ᆎᒝѴȂᇃᢊҕ໢ϐԆӵѪΙᆍᄇΡတޟϷ᜸Ȃϣᆎ࣏ࡊΡᇄᆋՂȄоΰ Мᝦᇄΰक़ՙПΡ଄क़ࣺϣ୤၄Ȃџ఼ཿӴΟ၌ȂȶࡊΡȷΙຠᔖ఼࣏ф ᇃᢊҕ໢ᄛҢޟΡတᆎᒝȄ

Βǵჹᆵ৞ Hakka ޑӧӦᢀჸ

ᜰܻ19жकϛဨࡣپᇃޟՙПΡᄇܻᇃ৬HakkaޟӵӴᢎᄆȂоή౱о HakkaޟϷҀȃҡཾПԒȃఊတᜰ߽ȃЈܒॳ߹ȃᄇՙП۠ఀޟᄘ้࡙७ө ᘪઽᇳ݂ϞȄ

ȞΙȟϷҀ

ᄇܻᇃᢊHakkaޟϷҀȂҠ࣏ᓒޏৱඪڗȶЬाϩѲܭስξᑜǴϷᄆ ϯǵԮჟޑ΋೽ϩȷȄ⁷⁹҆ᝊᡣࠌߒҰHak-kasȶӧၨեξેϐ໔ޑໂ׸ǵ ࠄفǴаϷӧഁΓӦ୔ϐᜐࣚޑӚೀӦБȷȄ⁸⁰

೨ӻپᇃၽᐣޟՙПΡலོඪڗٖ೤ႆޟHakkaᆹဣȂष฿ёᐌ౩Ȃӵ ᇃᢊѕഋȂԤԃҠ࣏ᓒඪڗϛᚿȞTiong-lekȟޟۨҕȶεӭࢂٰԾᅽࡌޑ

77Γτፕতൕ૨ᆠاધฃυΔπᐖ֮ࣟᐛρΰଉཽΚଉཽխ֮ՕᖂנठषΔ1978ڣαΔ଄239-242Ζ

78Γ႓ዊ੖Δτڶᣂ堚זᎸᆕඳ೐ऱԫٙاၴײ֮஼υΔπፕ᨜ଅढρΔร40࠴ร4ཚΰ1990ڣ12ִαΔ଄143Ζ 79ΓCampbell, An Account of Missionary Success in the Island of Formosa (Taipei: Ch’eng Wen Publishing Company,

1972), p. 441.

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ᅇΓǴѝԖϿኧࢂচՐ҇کٰԾቶܿޑHakkasȷȇ⁸¹଻୍ඪڗᎨ၇ȞSiau- liȟȶ္ٗޑۚ҇ᆀࣁ࠼ৎΓȷȄ⁸²ԪѴٮِȶHakkasεӭՐӧཥԮȐSin- tiakȑکभਪȐBiau-lekȑȷȄ⁸³Ѭအ࿅ࠌඪڗȶךॺ࿶ၸኧঁ׸ಷᆶԖൎ ᕅޑԮჟѱȞTek-chamȟȂε೽ϩޑΓαࣁHakkasȷ⁸⁴ȇҠ࣏ᓒඪڗȂᒥ ၇ȞBa-nihȂϞभਪȟȶࢂঁԆ࿛ޑѱᙼǴ྽Ӧޑۚ҇εӭࢂHakkaȷȄ⁸⁵

܁ߖόΙளٖўȂ଻୍ඪڗȂ௃Լჭ܁όୢўघΪ঵ሉ೎ȂԤএᆎ࣏Тࣻ

ȞGeh-baiȟޟHakka؆ဣȇ⁸⁶҆ᝊᡣࠌෆٖ೤ΙএଽόՙᝌήޟHak-kaᆹဣ ࠒ೅ȞLam-tsngȟȄ⁸⁷

ᇃ ᢊ ϛ ഋ ࠌ Ԥ Ҡ ࣏ ᓒ ඪ ڗ ݍ ༖ ُ Ȟ Tang-si-kakȟȶԖ೚ӭᖃܴޑ HakkaȷȄ⁸⁸ܖ࢐ᇃᢊϛഋᎬߖ۬၇ޥ୿ߣߖޟσ⒭ȞToalamܖTwalamȟȂ

࢐Ѭအ࿅಑Ιԩ௥ញڗᇃᢊHakkasޟӴПȈ

Ӣࣁε⌇ࢂғพ࿶த߻ٰҬܰޑӦБǴ܌аךॺ׆ఈӧ೭္

ӆԛ࿘ـғพǶᗨฅᅽᅟነ؅ч೽Ԗ೚ӭHakkasǴՠԜਔࠅࢂך

ಃ΋ԛௗ᝻ډHakkasǶ⁸⁹

܁ཱྀచцྩࢺ୿ΙளٖȂFrancis Whiteඪڗό؊ݓȞSua-sam-laȟ࢐এ ዣฬޟ؆೅ȂϚδ൷ौູႆΙనݬޟЛࢺȂऎႆHakkaۡۨޟӴПȄ⁹⁰҆ᝊ

81ΓCampbell, Sketches from Formosa, p. 54.

82ΓMackayထΔ׆ዊ࣑࿛᤟Δπ್೟ֲಖΔ1871-1901ρΔIΰፕקΚد՞षΔ2012ڣαΔ଄120-121Ζ 83ΓMackay, From Far Formosa, p. 102Ιࣥඡس᤟Δπ壂ዿᐰޥધࠃΚ್೟ፕ᨜ڃᖋᙕρΔ଄95-96Ζ 84ΓSteere, Formosa and Its Inhabitants, p. 65.

85ΓCampbell, Sketches from Formosa, p. 55.

86ΓMackay, From Far Formosa, p. 157.

87ΓPickering, Pioneering in Formosa, p. 118; ຫၝܩ᤟Δπᖵᙠ壂ዿᐰޥρΔ଄125Ζ 88ΓCampbell, Sketches from Formosa, p. 230.

89ΓSteere, Formosa and Its Inhabitants, p. 63; Steere଺ထΔࣥؖ৙᤟Δπ壂ዿᐰޥ֗ࠡ۰اρΔ଄98Ζ

90ΓFrancis White, “A Visit to the Interior of South Formosa,” The Cycle: A Political and Literary Review 17 (1870): 198, in Formosa Nineteenth Century Images:http://cdm.reed.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/

formosa&CISOPTR=792&REC=13 (retrieved 14th May, 2014).

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ᡣࠌඪڗȂтӵًрޥȞBangaȟਢȂޥΡғၭΙএѩLim-ui-tsingޟHakkas

؆೅ȂоЅ₥ᐨΡ҈уȄ⁹¹

ԃݎၽᐣޟၯጣӔ܁ࠒࠉ໌Ȃෆܻ1873ԑپᇃޟីኇড়෽ۓҡȞJohn Thomsonȟ⁹²ඪڗࠒᇃᢊޟкौۨҕ࣏ᆋ࡚ࣸҕᇄHak-kasȄ⁹³ႆΟ࿋ਢᆎ࣏

ήషЫྩޟଽࡎྩȂ൷໌Σϲஂࡊ᫄ޟσҏᕊȄ҆ᝊᡣඪڗȂ಑1ԩႄڗᇃ ᢊHakka࢐ӵήషЫޟߡⲞȞA-kauȟȈ

ӧ೭္Ǵךॺڙډ୶ᓐޑٗՏЬΓޑ΋ঁᒃ௏ޑᄈ⺘ܕࡑǴ д᝾֋ךॺӧ࿶ၸٗঁӳ߿ର࣎ޑHak-kasӦ୔ਔ܌ёૈᎁၶޑӒ ᓀǶǾǾӧဂ౲ϐύԖ൳ՏHak-ka஁ζǴӴॺ࿶ၸ࣬྽ᇻޑຯᚆٰ

ډ೭ঁѱ໣ǴӴॺޑުᆮ΢ܫ๱΋ਥ෋ηǴࡷ๱΋٤૛کӚᅿৎ৥

ᇙ೷ࠔǶ⁹⁴

1867ԑछᝲᛳېဴ಻ӵ࡯ࢌј৬ᎏᜲȂٺு࿋ਢޟ࡯ࢌј৬ԙ࣏ᇃ৬ ՙПΡޟݧҬฐᘈȄ؃цኈ։ඪڗȈ

྽ךॺӛܿБ߻຾ਔǴ࿶ၸΑᝌசǴٰډLiangkiauޑྛكǶ ךॺࡐז࿶ၸዿҖǴԖᅇΓޑҖǵChasiangکSialiao೯ஆࡕжޑ

91ΓPickering, “Among the Savages of Central Formosa, 1866-1867,” The Messenger and Missionary Record of the Presbyterian Church of England n.s. 3 (1878), p. 31, in Formosa Nineteenth Century Images: http://cdm.reed.edu/

cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/formosa&CISOPTR=851&REC=12 (retrieved 14th May, 2014)Ζ

92ΓྏࡥسΰJohn ThomsonΔ1837-1921αΔ૎ഏᤕ௑ᥞԳΔ᥊ᐙ୮Ζམڶ९ሒ10ڣΰ1863-1872αऱழၴڇ᎛ࣟ

چ೴ள۩Δࠡխ6ڣڇխഏ৫መΔԫسխ٥נԱ10ء஼Δઃፖ໴ᖄ᥊ᐙڶᣂΔࠡխ6ءਢ༴ᐊխഏΖ1871ڣ3

ִྏࡥسڇლ॰؏ሖ૎ᤄႚඒՓ್ႁٺΰDr. James L. MaxwellαΔܛެࡳᙟהࠩፕ᨜ሏᖵΖࣂፕழΔྏࡥس ܛڇ್ႁٺडஃऱຩٵՀΔߨ๶ࢌৄֱࣟ՞ൂඒᄎԫ൅ऱؓ୕ගຝᆵΔհ৵࢓তሏᖵᔾ२՞೴ऱ₟ᖺᄻΕք ᚋߺԫ൅Δપڇ5ִࢍհছᠦၲፕ᨜Ζྏࡥسڼ۩Δ੡ፕ᨜ఎՀ๺ڍੴ၆ᐙቝΔՈᇡጐچಖ૪ፕ᨜ऱچ෻ᛩ ቼΕሖߠऱԳጟΕࣚᇘፖࡺࢬΔא֗೯ढ࿛ΖOtness, One Thousand Westerners in Taiwan; A Biographical and Bibliographical Dictionary, p. 157Ι׆ႁ଩Δπऄഏੴ៲ڰཚፕ᨜ᐙቝΚ᥊ᐙፖᖵ׾ऱኙᇩρΰፕקΚႂᅐቹ

஼Δ2006ڣαΔ଄25-42ΙChantal ZhengΰػࡸᐚαထΔᔤႉᐚ᤟Δπ19׈ધᑛ੊Գڇፕ᨜ρΔ଄86Ζ 93ΓJ. Thomson, “Notes of a Journey in Southern Formosa,” Journal of the Royal Georaphical Society of London 43

(1873), p. 100.

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კ2Ǻ1873ԃޑᆵ᡼ࠄ೽

ၥਟپྛȈJ. Thomson, “Notes of a Journey in Southern Formosa,” Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 43 (1873), pp. 97-107.

ᇳȁȁ݂Ȉყΰऔጣ࣏ThomsonᇄMaxwellޏৱΙ՗ΡٖႆޟၯጣȂҥᇃᢊۺюีȂݼഊငႆPao-be Ȟܦ଻ȟȃBalesaȞУ࢞ȟȃKamanaȞࢢрݓȟȃKasanpoȞҦцৃȟȃPa ah-liauȞୟр ትȟȃLa-lungȞ₥ᐨȟȃLa-ko-liȞϲᓹ٨ȟȂശࡣӔӱڗࢢрݓϞনၯߕӱᇃᢊۺȂघ ߆Ιএ࢑෈ޟਢ໢ȄԪၯጣ҆ᝊᡣȃ଻໯ӨЅРࡣޟJ. D. La Touceh้Ρ഍ෆජक़ႆȂџ ᇳ࢐࿋ਢၽᐣᇃᢊޟᢎӎၯጣȄ୤َ֖౩ࢇȃᚭኈМጡȂȮငጜᆋᅭኞؓȯȞᇃࠒȈ୽

ҳᇃᢊᐣѬിސᓢȇࠒЈਪ׋Ȃ2006ԑȟȂॲ121Ȅ

(27)

ҖǵߥΚHakkasޑҖǶ⁹⁵

კ3Ǻ1875ԃޑࡡࡾъ৞

ၥਟپྛȈM. Beazeley, “Notes of an overland Journey Through the South Part of Formosa, from Takow to the South Cape, in 1875, with an Introductory Sketch of the Island,” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, New Monthly Series, Vol. 7, No. 1 (1885).

95ΓLeGendre, Reports on Amoy and the island of Formosa, p. 29.

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1887ԑҥᇃᢊࠒᆒ᱂ُݼݍ੕۬৶؏घ100ϴ٨ࠉ܁ڠࠒҁনޟ੎୚

ȞGeorge Taylorȟ⁹⁶ඪڗShamaleeȞৢബ٨ȟԤHakkasϷҀȂ⁹⁷ٮиӵݍഋ

᎑ߖ௶ᢊഋဣޟChen-a-miaี౪11ИԁࡊޟHakkasȂȶдॺޑ܊ηಔԋБ

׎ǴڬᎁൎԖԮ࢐ȷȄ⁹⁸ԪѴȂյឞ౩ȞGeorge Edeȟ⁹⁹ζ௥ញڗΟݍഋޟ HakkasȈ

ݮ๱ݞكډ΋ঁћЃⓚፁȐPa-long-uiȑޑ׸ಷǶӧ္ٗдॺ

࣮ـࡐӭHakkasޑ܊ηǴᅇΓԄޑǴӢࣁβӦޥؔǴ܌аHakkas ۓۚܭԜǶ¹⁰⁰

ଶΟHakkaϷҀޟᆹဣϞѴȂپᇃޟՙПΡζݧཎڗHakkaޟ՞Ӵӻϭ

ܻᆋՂᇄন՞ҕϞ໢ȂԃѬအ࿅ِȶHak-kasЬाϩѲӧᆵ᡼ч೽ǴЪӭӧ ߈ξௗ߈ғพޑӦ୔ȷȇ¹⁰¹෽ۓҡِȶHakkasޑՐӦߚத᎞߈ғพǴЪаа ނܰނޑБԄᆶচՐ҇຾ՉҬܰȷȇ¹⁰²؃цኈِᇃᢊޟHakkasȶεӭۓۚӧ

96Γ௠೬ΰGeorge TaylorαΔ1887ڣ5ִൕፕ᨜່তጤऱ᰼ߡקՂΔऎࣟ௧ࡾஈޡપԫۍֆߺΔছ࢓࠲তؓ଺Δᙟ

۩ऱᝫڶᑰ֮ࣧፖ22ټඈ᨜ගࡉHakkasΖڇ௠೬ڼ۩հছΔֱ۫Գኙፕ᨜ࣟຝ֟ڶಖሉΖڼ؆Δፖطؚदჸ

ํΔᆖመতጤΔऴ൷࿆ࡾΔ٦෡Ե࠲তؓ଺Δࢨޓקऱچֱ৙ඒऱഗᅮඒ९۔ඒᄎऱޕᶭडஃΰ1875αΕ֣

܌៖डஃΰ1881/04αऱᨠኘધᙕڍתݝૻڇקᢰլٵΔ௠೬ڼ۩ऱᨠኘધᙕᇡา༴૪ࣟতຝޢԫ๠ᄻੌΕ௧

ࡾࣾՑፖຝᆵس੒ऱणउΔ๯ᎁ੡ਢ19׈ધխᆺא৵Δֱ۫Գڇፕள۩໴ܫऱז।܂հԫΖᏥ܌ᝊΔπ৵՞

൶ᙠΚ19׈ધ؆ഏԳڇፕ᨜ࣟ௧ࡾऱள۩ρΔ଄80-83Ζ

97ΓG. Taylor, “A Ramble Through Southern Formosa,” The China Review 16:3 (1888), p. 137ΙᏥ܌ᝊΔπ৵՞൶ᙠΚ 19׈ધ؆ഏԳڇፕ᨜ࣟ௧ࡾऱள۩ρΔ଄85Ζ

98ΓTaylor, “A Ramble Through Southern Formosa,” p. 142ΙᏥ܌ᝊΔπ৵՞൶ᙠΚ19׈ધ؆ഏԳڇፕ᨜ࣟ௧ࡾऱ ள۩ρΔ଄95-96Ζ

99Γ܇墌෻डஃΰGeorge EdeαΔ૎ഏ९۔ඒᄎႚඒՓΔ1883-1903ڣၴڇፕতႚඒΖOtness, One Thousand Westerners in Taiwan; A Biographical and Bibliographical Dictionary, p. 47.

100ΓG. Kurze, “Missionar G. Edes Reise durch das östliche Formosa,” [Missionary G. Ede’s Travels Through Eastern Formosa]. Mitteilungen der Geographischen Gesellschaft (für Thuringen) zu Jena 10 (1891): 22-32; 11 (1892):

13-21, in “Annotated bibliography of 19th Century German articles concerning Taiwan (Formosa),” Compiled by Douglas Fix, With summaries by Tina Schneider, Formosa Nineteenth Century Images: hap://cdm.reed.edu/cdm4/

document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fformosa&CISOPTR=1555&REC=1&CISOBOX=reclus (retrieved 14th May, 2014), p. 40.

101ΓSteere, “Formosa,” p. 317.

102ΓThomson, China and its People in Early Photographs (New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1982), vol. I., Plate XXIV.