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學習障礙學生口語語言的教學

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壹、前言

我國教育部(2002)所訂「身心障礙及資賦優異學生鑑 定標準」第十條對學習障礙之定義為「學習障礙,指統稱 因神經心理功能異常而顯現出注意、記憶、理解、推理、 表達、知覺或知覺動作協調等能力有顯著問題,以致在聽、 說、讀、寫、算等學習上有顯著困難者」。美國 IDEA 法案 (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, IDEA)對學習 障礙的定義亦指出「特殊學習障礙指的是具有一種或一種 以上,瞭解或使用語言、說話、書寫之基本心理歷程障礙 的兒童。」可見不管我國或美國之官方定義,皆將口語的 「聽與說」列為學習障礙學生可能的缺陷學科領域。

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貳、口語語言與讀寫技能之關係

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街購物、要求退貨、郵局存款、到醫院看病等等各種 生活情境。

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陳美芳(1998)。國小學童口語語言理解與閱讀理解能力之 關係。特殊教育研究學刊,16,171-184。 陳美芳(2003)。語文理解能力測驗之發展與效度分析。特 殊教育研究學刊,24, 1-14。 教育部(2002)。身心障礙及資賦優異學生鑑定標準。臺北: 教育部。 錡寶香(2004)。國小低閱讀能力學童與一般學童的敘事能 力:故事結構之分析。特殊教育研究學刊,16,247- 269。

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Disabilities Association of America, Orlando, FL. Catts, H. W., Fey, M. E. Tomblin, J. B. & Zhang, X.

(2002). A longitudinal investigation of reading outcomes in children with language impairments. Journal of Speech, and Hearing Research, 45, 1142-1157.

Hallahan, D. P., Lloyd, J. W., Kauffman, J. M., Weiss, M. P. & Martinez (2005). Learning disabilities:

Foundation, characteristics, and effective teaching. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.

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Llax, J. F., Realpe-Bonilla, T., Hirsch, L. S., Brzustowicz, L. M., Bartlett, C. W., & Tallal, P. (2002). Specific language impairment in families: Evidence for co-occurrence with reading impairments. Journal of Speech, Language, and

Hearing Research, 46, 530-543.

Mercer, C. D., & Pullen, P. C. (2005). Students with learning disabilities. Upper

Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Polloway, E. A., Patton, J. R., & Serna, L. (2005).

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Strategies for developing oral

language in students with learning

disabilities

Yeong-Chrong Hu

Professor, Department of Special Education National Ping-Tung Teachers College

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