假設語氣
重點一 與現在事實相反的假設語氣
Note
從屬子句 主要子句
If+ S. + were……
過去式 V.
S. + would/should +原形 V.
could/might +原形 V.
Example 1. If I were you, I would tell the truth.
2. If he had money, he could buy it.
重點二 與過去事實相反的假設語氣
Note
從屬子句 主要子句
If + S. +had+P.P. S. +would/should+have P.P.
could/might + have P.P.
Example 1. If I had had enough time, I would have gone with you.
2. If he hadn't lost the money, he could have bought a bicycle.
重點三 If 引導的句子也可以表示未來可能發生的事
Note 從屬子句 主要子句
If+ S. + 現在式 V. (1). S. +will (can, may)+ 原形 V.
(2). 祈使句(以原形 V.為首) Example 1. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home.
2. If you take off your jacket, you will catch a cold.
重點四 Should 表萬一的假設法
Note 從屬子句 主要子句
If + S. + should + 原 V. S. + will (should) +原 V.
Example 1. If I should fail, I will ( or would ) + 原 V.
2. If it should rain tomorrow, the picnic will be cancelled.
重點五 省略If 的倒裝寫法
Note
(1).Were + S. + Adj./N. …, S.+ would +原 V.
(2). Should + S. + 原 V. …, S. + would +原 V.
(3). Had + S. + P.P. …, S. + would + have+ P.P.
Example
1. If I were young, I would learn to ski.
= Were I young, I would learn to ski.
2. If I had been there, I would have helped you.
= Had I been there, I would have helped you.
3. If it should rain, they would not come.
= Should it rain, they would not come.
重點六 表但願的假設法
Note (1). I wish (that) S. + were/ V-ed →與現在事實相反 (2). I wish (that) S. + had + P.P. →與過去事實相反
Example
1. I wish I were a millionaire.
2. I wish I could speak English fluently.
3. I wish I had been in France last year.
4. I wish I had studied English well in my youth.
重點七 表好像的假設法
Note (1). S. + V. + as if + S. + were/V-ed →與現在事實相反 (2). S. + V. + as if + S. + had + P.P. →與過去事實相反 Example 1. The child talks as if he were a man.
2. He talks as if he had known the news yesterday.
練習題
A 1 If it ___ tomorrow, we won't go to the Palace.
(A) rains (B) rained (C) will rain (D) shall rain D 2 But for air, we ___ live.
(A) can (B) can not (C) could (D) could not D 3 ___I not so busy, I would do it.
(A)If (B) Was (C) Are (D) Were D 4 If only I ___ to ski then.
(A) learn (B) learned (C) have learned (D) had learned C 5 ___ I you, I would not think so.
(A) If (B) Am (C) Were (D) Had
