臺灣地區地形圖點狀圖例之簡化研究

ᇃᢊӴୢӴלყᘈޑყٽϞᙏϽंـ

Point Symbols Generalization for Digital Topogrphic

Mapping in Taiwan

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!!!ݓៗП! Yuh-Fong Lin

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_{д݂ס! Ming-Chih Wang}

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஻ॣః! Yu-Min Chang

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ᄢ ġ ौ

ҥܻӴყಒဴࣺ࿋ܻӴყϱৠޟᕻኇȂӰԪंـӴყϱৠϛϞӴყಒဴ፴ᇄ໔ޟ ᡐϽȂᄇጡყޱܖҢყޱ֯ڎࣺ࿋แ࡙ޟኇ៪Ȅҏंـԟӵ௤ଆӴყᕻጡޟႆแϛȂӰ ӴყಒဴޟᙏϽȂഅԙҢყޱӵᒵᐅӫᎌӴყШٽЏਢ౰ҡޟኇ៪ȄӴყಒဴޟᙏϽ౪ ຫȂѓࢂጡᒮᙏϽᇄ׬೚ᙏϽڍσώհ໶ҬȂࠉޱ߽௤ଆӴყಒဴኵ໔ᒵڥޟᡐϽȂࡣ ޱࠌ࢐௤ଆӴყಒဴѴלޟᡐϽȄ ҏंـᔣоϱࢇഋюގޟفӖӴלყ! )2036-111ȇ2061-111ȇ20211-111ȇ 20361-111ȇ20611-111้ϤᆍШٽЏ*! ࣏ंـᄇຫȂंـጒ൜оੀ༪ᑪ࣏ٽȄࡸӴყᘈ ޑಒဴ໌՗໔ϽၥਟޟॎกȄցҢጡᒮᙏϽ೎౩ᒵڥӻЍӴყಒဴȂПݲΰ஠௴Uqgfs ޟПਲ਼዁࠮ݲϷݙȇӵӴყಒဴѴלᡐϽП७஠ցҢ׬೚ᙏϽ೎౩ȂᢎᄆӴყಒဴᅋᡐ ޟ೩ॎȂٮᘪઽϷݙᙽ඲ႆแϞཎဎȄஅԪȂϷݙӴყШٽЏᇄӴყಒဴ໢ϞࣺᜰܒȂ ंـ๖ݎଶඪټӴყጡᇧϞ१ौٷᐃѴȂ؁џୈ࣏ҢყޱᒵࠌӫᎌШٽЏӴყޟ१ौ୤ ՃȄ ᜰᗤຠȈӴყᙏϽȃӴყಒဴȃᘈޑყٽȃӴყШٽЏ +!!఼໴ऋ׬σᏰၥଉᆓ౩Ᏸف୙ఀ௲

Associate Professor, Department of Information Management, Ching Yun University ++ ѮѕѿҳఀىσᏰᐣѬᇄӴ౩Ᏸفօ౩ఀ௲

Assistant Professor, Department of History and Geography, Taipei Municipal University of Education +++ѮѕѿҳఀىσᏰᐣѬᇄӴ౩Ᏸفᆈρੲंـҡ

Master Student, Department of History and Geography, Taipei Municipal University of Education. Dim pLabelProps As

ILabelEngineLayerProperties LabelEngineLayerProperties

Set pLabelProps = pAnnoLayerProps BasicOverprosterLayerProperties Dim pBasicOverPosterLayerProps As IBasicOverposterLayerProperties Set pBasicOverPosterLayerProps = pLabelProps. BasicOverposterLayerProperties MsgBox pBasicOverPosterLayerProps. BufferRatio

Dim pTxtSym As ISimpleFillSymbol Set pPtPlaceProp = New

PointPlacementPriorities With pPtPlaceProp .AboveCenter = 0 .AboveLeft = 0 .AboveRight = 1 .BelowCenter = 0 .BelowLeft = 0 .BelowRight = 0 .CenterLeft = 0 . CenterRight = 0 End With

Set pBasicProp = New

BasicOverposterLayerProperties With pBasicProp .BufferRatio = 1 .FeatureType = esriOverposterPoint .FeatureWeight = esriNoWeight .GenerateUnplacedLabels = Fasle .LabelWeight = esriHighWeight .NumLabelsOption = esri OneLabelPerShape .PointPlacementMethod = esriAroundPoint .PointPlacementOnTop = Fasle .PointPlacementPriorities = pPtPlaceProp End With

!!

࿄݇Ҟሮऎ࣏֜ݺߩ༡ߞবȄഺ੡೑ၳݙ ഍ߞፑඛԢԳᄦѧڼю๴Ӡᝯ࠼ȄڼՂȈ ѪൊፑඛȃޒԳፑඛȃϿԳ׀ӡж᝷ፑඛ ຈȄӤݺᙇߐ೑ၳऎЙڶѧڼю೑ၳȂ࣏ ѽ೑ၳৎᢜࠑӯᅆ໪ߞᑋᢜȂѷᙇߐߞܠ ༓೑ၳҞѽࠑӯທᅆዴৃȂԯթӎुٿᕢ ѽᙇߐ೑ၳऎᅆ໪Ȃణ୅ᄦڼᚎмᅆӡᄦ ߰Н዆ᠩȄ ᙇߐ೑ၳڶێ؛ߐપወҞ஡жऎȈව ֣೑ၳȃ໪؛೑ၳሃћՄ೑ၳȄව֣೑ၳ ࠼Ӥ௄ӎව֣ᄦ؛ᅹ՘ߞୃၳݑ೑ၳȂۍ գᅹᄦഢࢠݑ௻ȃᄦ؛ഢࡋȃᚎށȃ֫ব ᒕႵЈȃܠ֜࿤ፁȃ࠮ݺᜱሦሃୃᐸຈᔹ ᙇȄ໪؛೑ၳ࠼ѽ෡ዟᅁߏ؛ߐऎѹߞ೑ ၳȂۍߡᣍȃݽݺನႋຈᔹᙇȄћՄ೑ၳ ࠼ళӡћՄݕՄӓ೑ၳȂۍ෩ӯሦᄦᅆ໪ ݑᎳߞ࿄݇ȂێКѽව֣೑ၳሃ໪؛೑ၳ ᕕӡႵ෼჆ȄԳᄦᚎмߞჅ຀КȂӎुٿ ᝯަদᙇȂᙇߐ೑ၳߞҳᣍ (؛ߐݕຕᅹ) ࣏׎ಯӠᢏмȂᅆᡝᄦ࣏׎ൄ՘዆ᠩȄ ӤݺԳᄦᚎмߞჅ຀Ғࣁ፠ᓭჅ຀۶ ፠ᜱჅ຀ȄԴ፠ᓭჅ຀КԳᄦᚎм࣏ӤԳ ᄦ፠ᓭ؆՘ȂѹঋߞԇசҒࣁᓴᑄԳᄦа ਟȃۘܠԳᄦ೑ၳȃжޘሦᄦႤਫ਼ȃुٿ ሦᄦ஡ாԳನપᙇȃᕢܠԳᄦᚎмࢽዾȃ ፠኷Գᄦᚎм֯྽೟ࡋຈȄ֌ݺ፠ᜱჅ຀ ࣏Ӥ፠ᜱϠ৶؆՘Ȃҹߞ௄ӎڶᑂ࣏፠ᓭ ᚎм༥ࣱ؆՘ߞԳᄦᚎм೟ࡋȄփԳᄦ೑ ၳᚎмѹঋ഍ನԳᄦ೑ၳԴዴ༓ሃᎳ༓ϯ ߞਮ־ȂҒࣁዴ༓પወߞᚎмሃᎳ༓પወ ߞᚎмȂҹ࣏၃ӤԳᄦ೑ၳߞж᝷жૺڽ ᅁ಩ȄԳᄦ೑ၳዴ༓પወᚎмȂ׈ิьԳ ᄦ೑ၳԴዴ༓પወўবߞਮ־Ȃഺබ࣏ࢷ ዴ༓жૺߞயᛟȄᔌԳᄦѧڼюߞᖺЈȂ Գᄦ೑ၳࢷዴ༓жૺߞዴӫྔڽྔЈȂ׈ ૺਮྔڽྔЂȂԳᄦ೑ၳߞዴ༓પወࠑӯ ఀྔڽྔᚎмȄᎳ༓પወߞᚎмȂ࠼ѽ࿄ ࣁߞж᝷҃ฆႎ೟ж᝷ȂѽᇢԪߞᎳ༓࿄ ݇҃ฆԧৎ೑ၳߞۍᢜᎳ༓࿄݇Ȅ௄թȂ Դዴ༓ᚎмўবѹঋణ୅ᙇߐ೑ၳߞᓴۤ ዴ༓Ȃփўޱϯ࠼ళӡ዇஼ሦᄦᐯਛ՛෼ ໱ᆬ1966Րݙ෩ߞўੲܠࢠ (Radical law) ऎ௄ᚂ (Töpfer & PilliwizerȂ1966)Ȃѽ಩ ֖Գᄦ঍เה಩НຕލȂ঍ᇖԧᙇߐᄦڼ НᓴۤૺȂᚣթഢፑሦᄦߏᢜߞᓴۤܠ ᛝȂ׈׀ӡႤਫ਼ᄦሃྲ፠ԳᄦНѧڼюж ӓѧȂѽێЙԢᐕࢽዴ (ᓴۤૺ) ٙܠྲ፠ ᄦ੡ሦᄦߏᢜߞᓴۤዴ༓ࢽዾȄԴᎳ༓ᚎ мўবࡋ࣏ణ୅ᙇߐ೑ၳҳ؛ߞᆊᢏȂڭ ׀ӡж᝷ȃжૺўՑ་֖ᚎмȄ Գᄦᖺ፠ߞჅ຀КȂԯԳᄦ೑ၳߞ ᚎмȂᅆӡᄦ߰ᡝᄦൄ՘हညߞ዆ᠩȂऎ ڹӡᄦ߰Դᓴᑄӡᄦѧڼю੡Ȃ׈କ෠෪ ԳᄦႤୈȂӎुٿᕢ၃ӤႿ՘ϭԕϬ༵ӫ ߞȂ෩ڻӡᄦ੡ѧڼюᓴۤНদঋணւȄ (1) ᙇߐᄦڼ࠲઻ತжޘȄ (2) ᙇߐᄦڼᓴۤૺዴжޘȄ (3) ᙇߐᄦڼ؛ᅗНᚼᢏжޘȄ

ंـПݲ

(Ϙ) ӎुٿళӡНನᎢሃўޱ 1. Գᄦ೑ၳ༓мᓴۤȈ Ӥݺᙇߐ೑ၳሃԳᄦѧڼю๑ ᝯȂᕢѽ፠ᓭᚎмўՑ࢙ӲԳᄦ೑ ၳ༓мᓴۤጀՑȄੲᑂ՛෼໱ᆬН ўੲܠࢠᙖਣгՑНᎢগȂԴϘଠ ᓴۤഢࢠКȂऎᠪфԳߏদঋݑ۶ ᄦڼ೑ၳȂ௟гՑᚎмऎᚎඏݽᇖ ߞᓴۤૺڀ೚ (ѳਛឹȂ1993)Ȉ NF=NA(MA/MF)X/2 ՑКȈNAȃNFж־ऎႤਫ਼ᄦ

Abstract

%HFDXVHPDSV\PEROVDUHHTXLYDOHQWWRPLQLDWXUHVRIPDSFRQWHQWVLWLVREYLRXV WKDWUHVHDUFKHVRQWKHTXDOLW\DQGTXDQWLW\RIPDSV\PEROVLQPDSFRQWHQWVDUHIDLUO\ influential to map makers and map users. This research aims to discuss the caused effects that in the processes of map down-scaling due to map symbols generalization DIIHFWPDSXVHUV¶SURSHUGHFLVLRQIRUFRQ¿UPDWLRQRIPDSVFDOH7KHUHDUHWZRPDLQ issues for the generalization of map symbols including editorial and technical ones. (GLWRULDO JHQHUDOL]DWLRQ LV GLVFXVVLQJ YDULDWLRQ RI PDS V\PEROV TXDQWLW\ FKRVHQ DQG technical one variation of map symbols’ shapes.

In this research it is planned to use series of topographic maps published by the 0LQLVWU\RI,QWHULRULHRI¿YH kinds of scales) as the objects of study and study area is in Taoyuan County. According WRSRLQWV\PEROVFDOFXODWLRQRITXDQWLWDWLYHGDWDZDVFDUULHGRXW,QWKHSURFHVVHVRI editing and generalization symbols were picked up and Topfer model applied for data analysis. In the shape variation of map symbols technical generalization was used to observe their design changes to conclude the meaning of analytical transformation process. Based on the results the correlation between map scale and map symbol was analyzed for the reference of map compilers and map users to choose appropriate scale.

Keywords: Map Generalization, Map Symbols, Point Symbols, Map Scales

ࠉِ

Գᄦ೑ၳ࣏ԳᄦߞሬڏȂӡѽࠑႿ ԳᄦߞаਟȂҹߞ௄ӎґକ࠼хᕕԳߏߞ ᇌ᝷фێዴ༓પወሃᎳ༓પወȄᅆӡᄦ߰ փڏȂҞѽᚣӤᄦڼᖢႋԳߏфێжҿપ ወȄӤݺԳᄦѧڼю࣏ٙܠԳᄦаਟদঋ ԯ૵ȂփԳᄦ೑ၳहညݺԳᄦаਟߞᖺ ዆ȂԯթԳᄦ೑ၳሃѧڼю༡Ӆ๒ՅԴࣙ ᇌ຀࢘ᝯ࠼ȂՂକ၃ӤԳᄦѧڼюᖢႋԳ ᄦ೑ၳߞᚎм಩໪Ȃ༡తԳϵٙܠϞԳᄦ аਟȄԯթुٿԳᄦаਟКНԳᄦ೑ၳᎳ ሃ༓ߞᢏмȂᅆ፠ᄦ߰ݕӡᄦ߰׮ۍहည ຀࢘ߞ዆ᠩȄ ࢷԳᄦ೑ၳߞж᝷ȂԳᄦ೑ၳҞ஡ жऎѽϭϬᇌ᝷࡭Ȉᙇߐ೑ၳȃ።ߐ೑ၳ фবߐ೑ၳȄ(1) ᙇߐ೑ၳȈԳᄦ೑ၳݙ ௲ࢽߞ࿄݇Ҟሮऎ࣏֜ݺߩ༡ߞᙇȄഺ ੡ȂԳᄦ೑ၳߞЂЈሃԳᄦѧڼю๑ᝯѷ ۍܠ֜પወȄڼՂȈఠۘᙇȃ዁Նȃឩಯ Գຈ೑ၳȄ(2) ።ߐ೑ၳȈԳᄦ೑ၳݙ௲ ࢽߞ࿄݇Ҟሮऎ࣏֜ݺߩ༡ߞ።Ȅഺ੡೑ ၳ޻຾ࣙৎўԨܼ֩ѷࠜ࢘ሃԳᄦѧڼю ๴Ӡᝯ࠼ȄڼՂȈޫࣹȃႽႮȃᄩध።ຈ ೑ၳȄ(3) বߐ೑ၳȈԳᄦ೑ၳݙ௲ࢽߞ

࿄݇Ҟሮऎ࣏֜ݺߩ༡ߞবȄഺ੡೑ၳݙ ഍ߞፑඛԢԳᄦѧڼю๴Ӡᝯ࠼ȄڼՂȈ ѪൊፑඛȃޒԳፑඛȃϿԳ׀ӡж᝷ፑඛ ຈȄӤݺᙇߐ೑ၳऎЙڶѧڼю೑ၳȂ࣏ ѽ೑ၳৎᢜࠑӯᅆ໪ߞᑋᢜȂѷᙇߐߞܠ ༓೑ၳҞѽࠑӯທᅆዴৃȂԯթӎुٿᕢ ѽᙇߐ೑ၳऎᅆ໪Ȃణ୅ᄦڼᚎмᅆӡᄦ ߰Н዆ᠩȄ ᙇߐ೑ၳڶێ؛ߐપወҞ஡жऎȈව ֣೑ၳȃ໪؛೑ၳሃћՄ೑ၳȄව֣೑ၳ ࠼Ӥ௄ӎව֣ᄦ؛ᅹ՘ߞୃၳݑ೑ၳȂۍ գᅹᄦഢࢠݑ௻ȃᄦ؛ഢࡋȃᚎށȃ֫ব ᒕႵЈȃܠ֜࿤ፁȃ࠮ݺᜱሦሃୃᐸຈᔹ ᙇȄ໪؛೑ၳ࠼ѽ෡ዟᅁߏ؛ߐऎѹߞ೑ ၳȂۍߡᣍȃݽݺನႋຈᔹᙇȄћՄ೑ၳ ࠼ళӡћՄݕՄӓ೑ၳȂۍ෩ӯሦᄦᅆ໪ ݑᎳߞ࿄݇ȂێКѽව֣೑ၳሃ໪؛೑ၳ ᕕӡႵ෼჆ȄԳᄦᚎмߞჅ຀КȂӎुٿ ᝯަদᙇȂᙇߐ೑ၳߞҳᣍ (؛ߐݕຕᅹ) ࣏׎ಯӠᢏмȂᅆᡝᄦ࣏׎ൄ՘዆ᠩȄ ӤݺԳᄦᚎмߞჅ຀Ғࣁ፠ᓭჅ຀۶ ፠ᜱჅ຀ȄԴ፠ᓭჅ຀КԳᄦᚎм࣏ӤԳ ᄦ፠ᓭ؆՘ȂѹঋߞԇசҒࣁᓴᑄԳᄦа ਟȃۘܠԳᄦ೑ၳȃжޘሦᄦႤਫ਼ȃुٿ ሦᄦ஡ாԳನપᙇȃᕢܠԳᄦᚎмࢽዾȃ ፠኷Գᄦᚎм֯྽೟ࡋຈȄ֌ݺ፠ᜱჅ຀ ࣏Ӥ፠ᜱϠ৶؆՘Ȃҹߞ௄ӎڶᑂ࣏፠ᓭ ᚎм༥ࣱ؆՘ߞԳᄦᚎм೟ࡋȄփԳᄦ೑ ၳᚎмѹঋ഍ನԳᄦ೑ၳԴዴ༓ሃᎳ༓ϯ ߞਮ־ȂҒࣁዴ༓પወߞᚎмሃᎳ༓પወ ߞᚎмȂҹ࣏၃ӤԳᄦ೑ၳߞж᝷жૺڽ ᅁ಩ȄԳᄦ೑ၳዴ༓પወᚎмȂ׈ิьԳ ᄦ೑ၳԴዴ༓પወўবߞਮ־Ȃഺබ࣏ࢷ ዴ༓жૺߞயᛟȄᔌԳᄦѧڼюߞᖺЈȂ Գᄦ೑ၳࢷዴ༓жૺߞዴӫྔڽྔЈȂ׈ ૺਮྔڽྔЂȂԳᄦ೑ၳߞዴ༓પወࠑӯ ఀྔڽྔᚎмȄᎳ༓પወߞᚎмȂ࠼ѽ࿄ ࣁߞж᝷҃ฆႎ೟ж᝷ȂѽᇢԪߞᎳ༓࿄ ݇҃ฆԧৎ೑ၳߞۍᢜᎳ༓࿄݇Ȅ௄թȂ Դዴ༓ᚎмўবѹঋణ୅ᙇߐ೑ၳߞᓴۤ ዴ༓Ȃփўޱϯ࠼ళӡ዇஼ሦᄦᐯਛ՛෼ ໱ᆬ1966Րݙ෩ߞўੲܠࢠ (Radical law) ऎ௄ᚂ (Töpfer & PilliwizerȂ1966)Ȃѽ಩ ֖Գᄦ঍เה಩НຕލȂ঍ᇖԧᙇߐᄦڼ НᓴۤૺȂᚣթഢፑሦᄦߏᢜߞᓴۤܠ ᛝȂ׈׀ӡႤਫ਼ᄦሃྲ፠ԳᄦНѧڼюж ӓѧȂѽێЙԢᐕࢽዴ (ᓴۤૺ) ٙܠྲ፠ ᄦ੡ሦᄦߏᢜߞᓴۤዴ༓ࢽዾȄԴᎳ༓ᚎ мўবࡋ࣏ణ୅ᙇߐ೑ၳҳ؛ߞᆊᢏȂڭ ׀ӡж᝷ȃжૺўՑ་֖ᚎмȄ Գᄦᖺ፠ߞჅ຀КȂԯԳᄦ೑ၳߞ ᚎмȂᅆӡᄦ߰ᡝᄦൄ՘हညߞ዆ᠩȂऎ ڹӡᄦ߰Դᓴᑄӡᄦѧڼю੡Ȃ׈କ෠෪ ԳᄦႤୈȂӎुٿᕢ၃ӤႿ՘ϭԕϬ༵ӫ ߞȂ෩ڻӡᄦ੡ѧڼюᓴۤНদঋணւȄ (1) ᙇߐᄦڼ࠲઻ತжޘȄ (2) ᙇߐᄦڼᓴۤૺዴжޘȄ (3) ᙇߐᄦڼ؛ᅗНᚼᢏжޘȄ

ंـПݲ

(Ϙ) ӎुٿళӡНನᎢሃўޱ 1. Գᄦ೑ၳ༓мᓴۤȈ Ӥݺᙇߐ೑ၳሃԳᄦѧڼю๑ ᝯȂᕢѽ፠ᓭᚎмўՑ࢙ӲԳᄦ೑ ၳ༓мᓴۤጀՑȄੲᑂ՛෼໱ᆬН ўੲܠࢠᙖਣгՑНᎢগȂԴϘଠ ᓴۤഢࢠКȂऎᠪфԳߏদঋݑ۶ ᄦڼ೑ၳȂ௟гՑᚎмऎᚎඏݽᇖ ߞᓴۤૺڀ೚ (ѳਛឹȂ1993)Ȉ NF=NA(MA/MF)X/2 ՑКȈNAȃNFж־ऎႤਫ਼ᄦ

Abstract

%HFDXVHPDSV\PEROVDUHHTXLYDOHQWWRPLQLDWXUHVRIPDSFRQWHQWVLWLVREYLRXV WKDWUHVHDUFKHVRQWKHTXDOLW\DQGTXDQWLW\RIPDSV\PEROVLQPDSFRQWHQWVDUHIDLUO\ influential to map makers and map users. This research aims to discuss the caused effects that in the processes of map down-scaling due to map symbols generalization DIIHFWPDSXVHUV¶SURSHUGHFLVLRQIRUFRQ¿UPDWLRQRIPDSVFDOH7KHUHDUHWZRPDLQ issues for the generalization of map symbols including editorial and technical ones. (GLWRULDO JHQHUDOL]DWLRQ LV GLVFXVVLQJ YDULDWLRQ RI PDS V\PEROV TXDQWLW\ FKRVHQ DQG technical one variation of map symbols’ shapes.

In this research it is planned to use series of topographic maps published by the 0LQLVWU\RI,QWHULRULHRI¿YH kinds of scales) as the objects of study and study area is in Taoyuan County. According WRSRLQWV\PEROVFDOFXODWLRQRITXDQWLWDWLYHGDWDZDVFDUULHGRXW,QWKHSURFHVVHVRI editing and generalization symbols were picked up and Topfer model applied for data analysis. In the shape variation of map symbols technical generalization was used to observe their design changes to conclude the meaning of analytical transformation process. Based on the results the correlation between map scale and map symbol was analyzed for the reference of map compilers and map users to choose appropriate scale.

Keywords: Map Generalization, Map Symbols, Point Symbols, Map Scales

ࠉِ

Գᄦ೑ၳ࣏ԳᄦߞሬڏȂӡѽࠑႿ ԳᄦߞаਟȂҹߞ௄ӎґକ࠼хᕕԳߏߞ ᇌ᝷фێዴ༓પወሃᎳ༓પወȄᅆӡᄦ߰ փڏȂҞѽᚣӤᄦڼᖢႋԳߏфێжҿપ ወȄӤݺԳᄦѧڼю࣏ٙܠԳᄦаਟদঋ ԯ૵ȂփԳᄦ೑ၳहညݺԳᄦаਟߞᖺ ዆ȂԯթԳᄦ೑ၳሃѧڼю༡Ӆ๒ՅԴࣙ ᇌ຀࢘ᝯ࠼ȂՂକ၃ӤԳᄦѧڼюᖢႋԳ ᄦ೑ၳߞᚎм಩໪Ȃ༡తԳϵٙܠϞԳᄦ аਟȄԯթुٿԳᄦаਟКНԳᄦ೑ၳᎳ ሃ༓ߞᢏмȂᅆ፠ᄦ߰ݕӡᄦ߰׮ۍहည ຀࢘ߞ዆ᠩȄ ࢷԳᄦ೑ၳߞж᝷ȂԳᄦ೑ၳҞ஡ жऎѽϭϬᇌ᝷࡭Ȉᙇߐ೑ၳȃ።ߐ೑ၳ фবߐ೑ၳȄ(1) ᙇߐ೑ၳȈԳᄦ೑ၳݙ ௲ࢽߞ࿄݇Ҟሮऎ࣏֜ݺߩ༡ߞᙇȄഺ ੡ȂԳᄦ೑ၳߞЂЈሃԳᄦѧڼю๑ᝯѷ ۍܠ֜પወȄڼՂȈఠۘᙇȃ዁Նȃឩಯ Գຈ೑ၳȄ(2) ።ߐ೑ၳȈԳᄦ೑ၳݙ௲ ࢽߞ࿄݇Ҟሮऎ࣏֜ݺߩ༡ߞ።Ȅഺ੡೑ ၳ޻຾ࣙৎўԨܼ֩ѷࠜ࢘ሃԳᄦѧڼю ๴Ӡᝯ࠼ȄڼՂȈޫࣹȃႽႮȃᄩध።ຈ ೑ၳȄ(3) বߐ೑ၳȈԳᄦ೑ၳݙ௲ࢽߞ

!ᄦ1 ЙԢѧڼюԳᄦНᄦڼ࠲઻ತض።ᄦ ࣏ੲᑂێদঋݑփܠȂۤٙݺێᎳ༓પ ወȃґକȃў֜ྍ၍ф௜࢘ຈȄࢷᄦ1঍ เຕލᢖӯȂӤЂѧڼюԳᄦ (1/25,000ȇ 1/50,000) ၃ӤКѧڼюԳᄦ (1/100,000) Ⴥ อۖЈѧڼюԳᄦ (1/250,000ȇ1/500,000) ߞჅ຀КȂᄦڼႤୈಯӠށᢖߞᢏмȄ࠲ ઻НᄦڼНᔹԐؔȂЂ७ۍգѽϭપወȈ 1.֖ࣆ஡ᄑȇ2.দঋԳዾȇ3.ᐯ੭ȇ4.ࠫԈ Кѕȇ5.ࣆܹᑟᅹȇ6.ዴ༓ԺߞԳߏ (ࠑ 3)Ȅ (ϟ) ᙇߐᄦڼᓴۤૺዴжޘ ӎ ु ٿ ࢷ а ࣆ ൊ ҍ ߍ ߞ ڀ ԕ Գ ؛ ᄦ(1/25,000ȇ1/50,000ȇ1/100,000ȇ 1/250,000ȇ1/500,000ຈУᇌѧڼю)ऎुٿ ᅆ໪Ȃѽ1/25,000Գ؛ᄦ֯ऎႤਫ਼ᄦȂु Գ ᄦ ᚎ м Ђѧڼю Кѧڼю Јѧڼю 1/25,000 1/50,000 1/100,000 1/250,000 1/500,000 ᄦ ڼ Ⴄ ୈ ࠲ ઻ ತ 100% 61.54% 23.08% 12.82% ѹ ঋ Н ᄦ ڼ Ⴄ ୈ ؆ᑋࠑӯ 1.֖ࣆ஡ ᄑȈ षᘑҾȃᒩ ࣆܹȃ ᒩᘑҾȃ ༏ȃᛉȃ ஡гݙȄ 2.দঋԳ ዾȈ ᑶ཰ȃᑟ ඞȃสϾȃ ϬڎᙇȃѪ ࿤ᙇȃ཰ȃ ᑾӲዾ୼ᙇ ຈȄ 3.ᐯ੭Ȉ஼ Кȃ஼ЈȄ 4.ࠫԈК ѕȈ ዁Նȃి ௅Ȅ 5.ࣆܹᑟ ᅹȈ ცሂȃઈ໪ ሂȃ Ѫዄȃᛁ ୰ȃ ๴ცዄȃᢏ ცݙຈȄ 6.ێҹȈ ឩඞȃᄪ ԳȄ 1.֖ࣆ஡ ᄑȈ षᘑҾȃ ᒩࣆܹȃ ᒩᘑҾȃ ༏ȃᛉȃ ஡гݙȄ 2.দঋԳ ዾȈ ᑶ཰ȃᑟ ඞȃ สϾȃϬ ڎᙇȃ ᑾӲዾ୼ ᙇຈȄ 3.ࠫԈК ѕȈ ዁ՆȄ 4.ێҹȈ ឩඞȄ 1.֖ࣆ஡ ᄑȈ षᘑҾȃ ᒩࣆܹȃ ᒩᘑҾȃ ༏ȃᛉȃ ஡гݙȄ 2.দঋԳ ዾȈ ᑟඞȃส Ͼȃᑶ཰ ຈȄ ࠑ3 ԳᄦᚎмჅ຀КᄦڼႤୈНᆊᢏ೚঍ࠑ ࠑ2 ᙇߐᄦڼԴԧѧڼюᄦНᚎм೚঍ࠑ !!!!!!!!!! ࠑ1 ुٿ஡ԳᄦѧڼюфێᅆᕕНᄦ඼ዴ೚঍ࠑ ሃྲ፠ᄦϯߞԳߏዴ༓ȂMAȃMF ж־ऎႤਫ਼ᄦሃྲ፠ᄦߞѧڼюж ӓȄ ϯগгՑሃўੲܠࢠ཈஡־ݺ ࢽዴ XȂႍࢽዴϫᇍНऎᓴۤૺ ዴȂࢷϯՑхႋҞِఀᓴۤૺዴ XȈ X= 2log(NF/NA) / log(MA/MF) ڼȈి௅ߞᓴۤ നႤਫ਼ᄦߞѧڼюऎ1/25,000Ȃ ঍เి௅ዴऎ7༡ȇྲ፠ᄦѧڼю ऎ1/50,000Ȃ঍เి௅ዴऎ5༡Ȅࢷ ϯগᓴۤૺዴ x঍ᇖՑِႋȈ X =2log(5/7) /log(25,000/500,00) =0.97=1 ϘଠᓴۤഢࢠߞᕕӡȂ࠼ੲᑂ Գᄦӡ൉۶ѧڼюȂѽфݙࠑӯԳ ߏߞদঋપወຈȂഺڱԯ૵ٙܠԳ ᄦᚎмߞ຀࢘Ȅᓴۤૺڀ೚׈ۍ ᢜх࣍ᚎмߞ຀࢘Ȃ෩ڻӡᄦ߰ࢷ ԳᄦѧڼюᓴۤԳߏዴ༓ߞணւࢽ ዾȄթ࠼ዴҒࣁȈ (A)೐0֌1ᓴۤૺȈ୼࢘ࠑӯ (দঋԳߏ) (B)೐2֌3ᓴۤૺȈႵ௜ࠑӯ (ϘଠԳߏ) (C)೐4֌5ᓴۤૺȈႵຂࠑӯ (ըঋԳߏ) 2. Գᄦ೑ၳᎳмᓴۤȈ ᙇߐ೑ၳڶێ؛ߐપወҞ஡ж ऎȈව֣೑ၳȃ໪؛೑ၳሃћՄ೑ ၳȄێКව֣೑ၳሃ໪؛೑ၳᕕ ӡႵ෼჆ȄԴԳᄦ೑ၳҳ؛ᢏм ўবȂ၃ӤᣍᅅԳᄦ೑ၳᆊᢏߞന ঍Ȃڭ׀ӡԳߏж᝷жૺߞўޱȂ ᙩૼжޘᚼ෱Ⴥ຀Нྍ၍Ȅ (ϟ) ुٿ஡ፑඛ ӎुٿᓴᑄ੿ཀྵᒩऎुٿ஡Ȃ་֖ڀ ԕԳ؛ᄦ (ࠑ1) НԳᄦ೑ၳ঍เȂࢷᄦК Нᙇߐᄦڼж־බԳᄦ೑ၳߞዴ༓ф࡭ᅗ ᆊᢏ་֖঍เᙩૼᑋನȄ

ॎกϷݙ๖ݎ

(Ϙ).ᙇߐᄦڼ࠲઻ತжޘ ӎुٿڶԧѧڼюᄦКНᄦڼȂ་ ֖ᑋನԕࠑ (ࠑ2)Ȃం঍เຕލᢖӯȂԳ ᄦѧڼюЈݺ1/100000ѽϭȂᙇߐᄦڼҍ ಩ށᢖߞᚎмȂփࠑ2ߞ಩໪ӒҞхᕕԳ ߏߞদঋݑ຀࢘Ȅॶ௟թ಩໪ᚼ෱ऎᄦڼ ࠲઻ತ (ᄦ1) ߞ࿄݇Ȃᅆӡᄦ߰փڏȂह ညݺႤਫ਼༓ߞࣹҵȂᄦ1ຕލᢖӯȂ၃Ӥ ᄦڼݙཇႿߞႤୈȂॶѽ1/25000ऎႤਫ਼ ᄦȂည፠ᜱ1/50000Գᄦ੡ȂᘘҞה಩ह ညߞᙇߐᄦڼႤୈȇ֭Ղ፠ᜱ1/100000Գ ᄦ੡ȂࡋᙇߐᄦڼႤୈࣹҵॗ38.46%ȇփ 1/250000ሃ1/500000ԳᄦᙇߐᄦڼႤୈߞ ࣹҵ༓ж־୼Ⴟ76.92%ሃ87.18%Ȃഺᅆᓴ ᑄԪᏋԳᄦѧڼюᖔۤႤୈӺۍգணւྍ ၍Ȅ ӤݺᙇߐᄦڼЂൌ៳ݺᑾӲԳߏȂ ԯթళӡᑾӲ೑ၳࠑӯȄᓴۤഺڱԳߏ ѧڼю 1/25,000 1/50,000 1/100,000 1/250,000 1/500,000 ᄦ඼ዴ 14 6 3 1 1

!ᄦ1 ЙԢѧڼюԳᄦНᄦڼ࠲઻ತض።ᄦ ࣏ੲᑂێদঋݑփܠȂۤٙݺێᎳ༓પ ወȃґକȃў֜ྍ၍ф௜࢘ຈȄࢷᄦ1঍ เຕލᢖӯȂӤЂѧڼюԳᄦ (1/25,000ȇ 1/50,000) ၃ӤКѧڼюԳᄦ (1/100,000) Ⴥ อۖЈѧڼюԳᄦ (1/250,000ȇ1/500,000) ߞჅ຀КȂᄦڼႤୈಯӠށᢖߞᢏмȄ࠲ ઻НᄦڼНᔹԐؔȂЂ७ۍգѽϭપወȈ 1.֖ࣆ஡ᄑȇ2.দঋԳዾȇ3.ᐯ੭ȇ4.ࠫԈ Кѕȇ5.ࣆܹᑟᅹȇ6.ዴ༓ԺߞԳߏ (ࠑ 3)Ȅ (ϟ) ᙇߐᄦڼᓴۤૺዴжޘ ӎ ु ٿ ࢷ а ࣆ ൊ ҍ ߍ ߞ ڀ ԕ Գ ؛ ᄦ(1/25,000ȇ1/50,000ȇ1/100,000ȇ 1/250,000ȇ1/500,000ຈУᇌѧڼю)ऎुٿ ᅆ໪Ȃѽ1/25,000Գ؛ᄦ֯ऎႤਫ਼ᄦȂु Գ ᄦ ᚎ м Ђѧڼю Кѧڼю Јѧڼю 1/25,000 1/50,000 1/100,000 1/250,000 1/500,000 ᄦ ڼ Ⴄ ୈ ࠲ ઻ ತ 100% 61.54% 23.08% 12.82% ѹ ঋ Н ᄦ ڼ Ⴄ ୈ ؆ᑋࠑӯ 1.֖ࣆ஡ ᄑȈ षᘑҾȃᒩ ࣆܹȃ ᒩᘑҾȃ ༏ȃᛉȃ ஡гݙȄ 2.দঋԳ ዾȈ ᑶ཰ȃᑟ ඞȃสϾȃ ϬڎᙇȃѪ ࿤ᙇȃ཰ȃ ᑾӲዾ୼ᙇ ຈȄ 3.ᐯ੭Ȉ஼ Кȃ஼ЈȄ 4.ࠫԈК ѕȈ ዁Նȃి ௅Ȅ 5.ࣆܹᑟ ᅹȈ ცሂȃઈ໪ ሂȃ Ѫዄȃᛁ ୰ȃ ๴ცዄȃᢏ ცݙຈȄ 6.ێҹȈ ឩඞȃᄪ ԳȄ 1.֖ࣆ஡ ᄑȈ षᘑҾȃ ᒩࣆܹȃ ᒩᘑҾȃ ༏ȃᛉȃ ஡гݙȄ 2.দঋԳ ዾȈ ᑶ཰ȃᑟ ඞȃ สϾȃϬ ڎᙇȃ ᑾӲዾ୼ ᙇຈȄ 3.ࠫԈК ѕȈ ዁ՆȄ 4.ێҹȈ ឩඞȄ 1.֖ࣆ஡ ᄑȈ षᘑҾȃ ᒩࣆܹȃ ᒩᘑҾȃ ༏ȃᛉȃ ஡гݙȄ 2.দঋԳ ዾȈ ᑟඞȃส Ͼȃᑶ཰ ຈȄ ࠑ3 ԳᄦᚎмჅ຀КᄦڼႤୈНᆊᢏ೚঍ࠑ ࠑ2 ᙇߐᄦڼԴԧѧڼюᄦНᚎм೚঍ࠑ !!!!!!!!!! ࠑ1 ुٿ஡ԳᄦѧڼюфێᅆᕕНᄦ඼ዴ೚঍ࠑ ሃྲ፠ᄦϯߞԳߏዴ༓ȂMAȃMF ж־ऎႤਫ਼ᄦሃྲ፠ᄦߞѧڼюж ӓȄ ϯগгՑሃўੲܠࢠ཈஡־ݺ ࢽዴ XȂႍࢽዴϫᇍНऎᓴۤૺ ዴȂࢷϯՑхႋҞِఀᓴۤૺዴ XȈ X= 2log(NF/NA) / log(MA/MF) ڼȈి௅ߞᓴۤ നႤਫ਼ᄦߞѧڼюऎ1/25,000Ȃ ঍เి௅ዴऎ7༡ȇྲ፠ᄦѧڼю ऎ1/50,000Ȃ঍เి௅ዴऎ5༡Ȅࢷ ϯগᓴۤૺዴ x঍ᇖՑِႋȈ X =2log(5/7) /log(25,000/500,00) =0.97=1 ϘଠᓴۤഢࢠߞᕕӡȂ࠼ੲᑂ Գᄦӡ൉۶ѧڼюȂѽфݙࠑӯԳ ߏߞদঋપወຈȂഺڱԯ૵ٙܠԳ ᄦᚎмߞ຀࢘Ȅᓴۤૺڀ೚׈ۍ ᢜх࣍ᚎмߞ຀࢘Ȃ෩ڻӡᄦ߰ࢷ ԳᄦѧڼюᓴۤԳߏዴ༓ߞணւࢽ ዾȄթ࠼ዴҒࣁȈ (A)೐0֌1ᓴۤૺȈ୼࢘ࠑӯ (দঋԳߏ) (B)೐2֌3ᓴۤૺȈႵ௜ࠑӯ (ϘଠԳߏ) (C)೐4֌5ᓴۤૺȈႵຂࠑӯ (ըঋԳߏ) 2. Գᄦ೑ၳᎳмᓴۤȈ ᙇߐ೑ၳڶێ؛ߐપወҞ஡ж ऎȈව֣೑ၳȃ໪؛೑ၳሃћՄ೑ ၳȄێКව֣೑ၳሃ໪؛೑ၳᕕ ӡႵ෼჆ȄԴԳᄦ೑ၳҳ؛ᢏм ўবȂ၃ӤᣍᅅԳᄦ೑ၳᆊᢏߞന ঍Ȃڭ׀ӡԳߏж᝷жૺߞўޱȂ ᙩૼжޘᚼ෱Ⴥ຀Нྍ၍Ȅ (ϟ) ुٿ஡ፑඛ ӎुٿᓴᑄ੿ཀྵᒩऎुٿ஡Ȃ་֖ڀ ԕԳ؛ᄦ (ࠑ1) НԳᄦ೑ၳ঍เȂࢷᄦК Нᙇߐᄦڼж־බԳᄦ೑ၳߞዴ༓ф࡭ᅗ ᆊᢏ་֖঍เᙩૼᑋನȄ

ॎกϷݙ๖ݎ

(Ϙ).ᙇߐᄦڼ࠲઻ತжޘ ӎुٿڶԧѧڼюᄦКНᄦڼȂ་ ֖ᑋನԕࠑ (ࠑ2)Ȃం঍เຕލᢖӯȂԳ ᄦѧڼюЈݺ1/100000ѽϭȂᙇߐᄦڼҍ ಩ށᢖߞᚎмȂփࠑ2ߞ಩໪ӒҞхᕕԳ ߏߞদঋݑ຀࢘Ȅॶ௟թ಩໪ᚼ෱ऎᄦڼ ࠲઻ತ (ᄦ1) ߞ࿄݇Ȃᅆӡᄦ߰փڏȂह ညݺႤਫ਼༓ߞࣹҵȂᄦ1ຕލᢖӯȂ၃Ӥ ᄦڼݙཇႿߞႤୈȂॶѽ1/25000ऎႤਫ਼ ᄦȂည፠ᜱ1/50000Գᄦ੡ȂᘘҞה಩ह ညߞᙇߐᄦڼႤୈȇ֭Ղ፠ᜱ1/100000Գ ᄦ੡ȂࡋᙇߐᄦڼႤୈࣹҵॗ38.46%ȇփ 1/250000ሃ1/500000ԳᄦᙇߐᄦڼႤୈߞ ࣹҵ༓ж־୼Ⴟ76.92%ሃ87.18%Ȃഺᅆᓴ ᑄԪᏋԳᄦѧڼюᖔۤႤୈӺۍգணւྍ ၍Ȅ ӤݺᙇߐᄦڼЂൌ៳ݺᑾӲԳߏȂ ԯթళӡᑾӲ೑ၳࠑӯȄᓴۤഺڱԳߏ ѧڼю 1/25,000 1/50,000 1/100,000 1/250,000 1/500,000 ᄦ඼ዴ 14 6 3 1 1

ࠑ5 ԧѧڼюᄦНᓴۤૺዴѧڼ೚঍ࠑ ٿፑඛѽ੿ཀྵᒩऎڼ་֖ᄦڼ༓м঍เȂ ڭ௟ᅁเຕލᚼ෱ऎᓴۤૺዴ (ࠑ4)Ȅ ԳᄦКᙇߐᄦڼՅԴሃ׎Ȃ࠼ڶ࣏׎ ᓴۤഺ᝷ߞԳߏȂփႍԳߏНᓴ࣏ۤੲᑂ ێদঋݑڽٙܠȄݙᓜদঋݑѹঋ࣏Ӥᅹ ՘ഺ᝷ߏᢜߞᎳ༓પወȃґକȃ֯ӡфێ ۍգߞў֜ྍ၍ڽᓊ༓ȂԢ੡ᘘւዋԳߏ ௜࢘۶Գ؛ఐ޶Ȅӎुٿԯళ1/25,000Գ ؛ᄦऎႤਫ਼ᄦȂᓴۤૺዴߞ঍ᇖ׮ѽႤਫ਼ ᄦऎ௄࿤Ȃ׈MA=25,000Ȅ௄թȂᓴۤૺ ዴऎწࠑӯԑൊࠑӯ (࠲઻) ߞ࿄݇Ȃᔌᓴ ۤૺዴኧҐ҃ࠑജ࠲઻ߞԳߏുᆙิьȂ х࣍ԴԳࠑߞ಩໪ࡋ࣏௜࢘Ⴕऎຂ಴Ȃգ ڱԳߏࡋ؆ԑᚎмȄ ੲᑂࠑ4ᓴۤૺዴ (Գߏদঋݑ) ঍เ ຕލȂڶԳᄦѧڼюНЂЈԕࠑ (ࠑ5)Ȃ ၃ӹϽжޘຕލᢖӯȂ1/50000ѧڼюᄦ КদঋݑԳߏᓴۤѧڼᇯࢺԴ66.67%Ȃᔌ ԳᄦѧڼюᖺЈদঋݑԳߏӺށᢖิьȂ ညԳᄦѧڼюऎ1/100000੡ȂԳߏদঋݑ ᓴۤѧڼЏށᢖফ֌15.39%Ȃ֭թ಩໪ ԴЈѧڼԳᄦКЪᇯࢺहညѧڼȂЙԓۦ ѧڼюᖺЈփށᢖิьȂ࠲઻ߞаਟЂ ७ऎȈ֖ࣆ஡ᄑ (षᘑҾȃᒩࣆܹȃᒩᘑ Ҿȃ༏ȃᛉȃ஡гݙ)ȃᑟඞȃสϾȃᑶ ཰ຈদঋࢽዾȄթҳȂԳߏদঋݑ៳Ϙଠ фըঋߞᙇߐᄦڼȂѧڼю1/50000Ⴄਫ਼ ᢖӯȂႤਫ਼༓ݙ֫ߞѧڼж־ऎ10.25%ሃ 7.69%ȂѷᔌѧڼюᖺЈݙ֫ѧڼށᢖิ ьȂЂൊԊߞԳߏԴѧڼюЈݺ1/100000 ੡Џ؆ԑᚎмȂ׈ႍᄦڼЏЙՅԴ (ᄦ 2)Ȅӎुٿ࠼ᕕӡݺᙇߐᄦڼᚎмȂϯগ ߞຕލӒхᕕЈѧڼюԳᄦКᙇߐᄦڼႤ ୈࠧ௱գনȄ ੲᑂ1/25,000Գ؛ᄦऎႤਫ਼ᄦȂࢷᄦ2 ຕލᢖӯȂ1/50,000ᄦК໛ऎদঋԳߏ (ᓴ ۤૺዴऎ0-1) ߞ໹Ⴥ2/3ѽϯ (67%)Ȃփը ঋԳߏ (ᓴۤૺዴऎ4-5) ݙ֫ߞѧڼֲݺ 8%ȂӤթҞڍԴЂѧڼюԳᄦКȂᓴۤ ૺዴѽ0ሃ1ऎѹȄ1/100,000ᄦКদঋȃϘ ଠሃըঋԳߏ׮ֲݺ20%ȂᢖӯКѧڼю Գߏ দঋݑ ᓴۤૺዴ Գᄦѧڼю 1/25000 1/50000 1/100000 1/250000 1/500000 দঋߞ 0 100% 53.85% 10.26% 10.26% 10.26% 1 100% 12.82% 5.13% 2.56% 2.56% Ϙଠߞ 2 100% 7.69% 12.82% 2.56% × 3 100% 2.56% 5.13% 2.56% × ըঋߞ 4 100% 2.56% 7.69% × × 5 100% 5.13% 2.56% × × ࠑ4 ᙇߐᄦڼԴԧѧڼюᄦНᓴۤૺዴ೚঍ࠑ

ࠑ5 ԧѧڼюᄦНᓴۤૺዴѧڼ೚঍ࠑ ٿፑඛѽ੿ཀྵᒩऎڼ་֖ᄦڼ༓м঍เȂ ڭ௟ᅁเຕލᚼ෱ऎᓴۤૺዴ (ࠑ4)Ȅ ԳᄦКᙇߐᄦڼՅԴሃ׎Ȃ࠼ڶ࣏׎ ᓴۤഺ᝷ߞԳߏȂփႍԳߏНᓴ࣏ۤੲᑂ ێদঋݑڽٙܠȄݙᓜদঋݑѹঋ࣏Ӥᅹ ՘ഺ᝷ߏᢜߞᎳ༓પወȃґକȃ֯ӡфێ ۍգߞў֜ྍ၍ڽᓊ༓ȂԢ੡ᘘւዋԳߏ ௜࢘۶Գ؛ఐ޶Ȅӎुٿԯళ1/25,000Գ ؛ᄦऎႤਫ਼ᄦȂᓴۤૺዴߞ঍ᇖ׮ѽႤਫ਼ ᄦऎ௄࿤Ȃ׈MA=25,000Ȅ௄թȂᓴۤૺ ዴऎწࠑӯԑൊࠑӯ (࠲઻) ߞ࿄݇Ȃᔌᓴ ۤૺዴኧҐ҃ࠑജ࠲઻ߞԳߏുᆙิьȂ х࣍ԴԳࠑߞ಩໪ࡋ࣏௜࢘Ⴕऎຂ಴Ȃգ ڱԳߏࡋ؆ԑᚎмȄ ੲᑂࠑ4ᓴۤૺዴ (Գߏদঋݑ) ঍เ ຕލȂڶԳᄦѧڼюНЂЈԕࠑ (ࠑ5)Ȃ ၃ӹϽжޘຕލᢖӯȂ1/50000ѧڼюᄦ КদঋݑԳߏᓴۤѧڼᇯࢺԴ66.67%Ȃᔌ ԳᄦѧڼюᖺЈদঋݑԳߏӺށᢖิьȂ ညԳᄦѧڼюऎ1/100000੡ȂԳߏদঋݑ ᓴۤѧڼЏށᢖফ֌15.39%Ȃ֭թ಩໪ ԴЈѧڼԳᄦКЪᇯࢺहညѧڼȂЙԓۦ ѧڼюᖺЈփށᢖิьȂ࠲઻ߞаਟЂ ७ऎȈ֖ࣆ஡ᄑ (षᘑҾȃᒩࣆܹȃᒩᘑ Ҿȃ༏ȃᛉȃ஡гݙ)ȃᑟඞȃสϾȃᑶ ཰ຈদঋࢽዾȄթҳȂԳߏদঋݑ៳Ϙଠ фըঋߞᙇߐᄦڼȂѧڼю1/50000Ⴄਫ਼ ᢖӯȂႤਫ਼༓ݙ֫ߞѧڼж־ऎ10.25%ሃ 7.69%ȂѷᔌѧڼюᖺЈݙ֫ѧڼށᢖิ ьȂЂൊԊߞԳߏԴѧڼюЈݺ1/100000 ੡Џ؆ԑᚎмȂ׈ႍᄦڼЏЙՅԴ (ᄦ 2)Ȅӎुٿ࠼ᕕӡݺᙇߐᄦڼᚎмȂϯগ ߞຕލӒхᕕЈѧڼюԳᄦКᙇߐᄦڼႤ ୈࠧ௱գনȄ ੲᑂ1/25,000Գ؛ᄦऎႤਫ਼ᄦȂࢷᄦ2 ຕލᢖӯȂ1/50,000ᄦК໛ऎদঋԳߏ (ᓴ ۤૺዴऎ0-1) ߞ໹Ⴥ2/3ѽϯ (67%)Ȃփը ঋԳߏ (ᓴۤૺዴऎ4-5) ݙ֫ߞѧڼֲݺ 8%ȂӤթҞڍԴЂѧڼюԳᄦКȂᓴۤ ૺዴѽ0ሃ1ऎѹȄ1/100,000ᄦКদঋȃϘ ଠሃըঋԳߏ׮ֲݺ20%ȂᢖӯКѧڼю Գߏ দঋݑ ᓴۤૺዴ Գᄦѧڼю 1/25000 1/50000 1/100000 1/250000 1/500000 দঋߞ 0 100% 53.85% 10.26% 10.26% 10.26% 1 100% 12.82% 5.13% 2.56% 2.56% Ϙଠߞ 2 100% 7.69% 12.82% 2.56% × 3 100% 2.56% 5.13% 2.56% × ըঋߞ 4 100% 2.56% 7.69% × × 5 100% 5.13% 2.56% × × ࠑ4 ᙇߐᄦڼԴԧѧڼюᄦНᓴۤૺዴ೚঍ࠑ

௄թȂԳᄦ೑ၳᎳмᓴۤጀՑȂ ѹঋ࠼ѽԳߏж᝷ȃжૺऎڶᑂȂ ᅆЂѧڼюԳᄦփڏȂӤݺԳᄦ঑ Ⴖ࢘୼ȂԳߏж᝷жૺ༵ӫ೟Ȃх ᕕԴᄦڼ༵ӫहᅆϵႵԺዹмȄᔌ ԳᄦѧڼюᖺЈȂԳᄦ঑Ⴖ༓ֲߞ ఐ޶ȂԳߏж᝷жૺߞ༵ӫӅ༷Ԫ ۀւ༓ȂؼѽႵЂߞж᝷ݕжૺڽ ᙩ᝷Ȃहᕕߞᄦڼ׈ಯӠȄ

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ӎुٿ၃ӤаࣆൊҍߍߞڀԕԳ؛ ᄦȂ୫ᅆᙇߐᄦڼ་֖ᣍᅅ঍เȂᚣԧѧ ڼюᄦה಩Н಩޶Ȃణ୅ᙇߐᄦڼᚎмߞ ᘌཕȄӎћԴԳᄦ೑ၳ༓мᓴۤўবȈ࠼ ׀ӡўੲܠࢠ(Radical law)ᙖਣгՑȶᓴ ۤૺڀ೚ȷȂ঍ᇖԳᄦ೑ၳߞᓴۤܠᛝȂ ڭᣍᅅᙇ೑ၳᔌԳᄦѧڼюؼᢏȂᎳݙಯ ӠߞᢏмȄփԴԳᄦ೑ၳᎳмᓴۤўবȈ ࠼׀ӡԳߏж᝷жૺߞўޱȂ঍ᇖԳᄦ೑ ၳߞж᝷ሃૺ־Ȃ֯ऎᓴۤߞࢽዾȂڭᣍ ᅅᄦڼҳᣍߞᢏмȄ၃ᅁเжޘҞᖔ७ѽ ϭϬᙇদঋ՘ލȂഺᅆᓴᑄԪᏋԳᄦѧڼ юᖔۤႤୈӺۍգணւྍ၍Ȉ 1.ۦԳᄦᚎм዆ᠩȂ၃ӤᄦڼݙཇႿ ߞႤୈȂॶѽ1/25000ऎႤਫ਼ᄦȂ ည፠ᜱ1/50000Գᄦ੡ȂᘘҞה಩ ह ည ߞ ᙇ ߐ ᄦ ڼ Ⴄ ୈ ȇ ֭ Ղ ፠ ᜱ 1/100000Գᄦ੡ȂࡋᙇߐᄦڼႤ ୈࣹҵॗ38.46%ȇփ1/250000ሃ 1/500000ԳᄦᙇߐᄦڼႤୈߞࣹҵ ༓ж־୼Ⴟ76.92%ሃ87.18%ȄѷӤ ЂѧڼюԳᄦ (1/25,000ȇ1/50,000) ၃ӤКѧڼюԳᄦ (1/100,000) Ⴥ อۖЈѧڼюԳᄦ (1/250,000ȇ 1/500,000) ߞჅ຀КȂᄦڼႤୈಯ ӠށᢖߞᢏмȄ࠲઻НᄦڼНᔹԐ ؔȂЂ७ۍգѽϭપወȈ1.֖ࣆ஡ ᄑȇ2.দঋԳዾȇ3.ᐯ੭ȇ4.ࠫԈК ѕȇ5.ࣆܹᑟᅹȇ6.ዴ༓ԺߞԳߏȄ ௄թҞ෩ڻӡᄦ߰ᓴۤԪᏋӡᄦѧ ڼюߞணւᑟۘȄ 2.ڶᓴۤૺዴሃԳᄦѧڼюНӹϽж ޘຕލᢖӯȂ1/50000ѧڼюᄦКদ ঋݑԳߏᓴۤѧڼᇯࢺԴ66.67%Ȃ ᔌԳᄦѧڼюᖺЈদঋݑԳߏӺށ ᢖิьȂညԳᄦѧڼюऎ1/100000 ੡ȂԳߏদঋݑᓴۤѧڼЏށᢖফ ֌15.39%Ȃ֭թ಩໪ԴЈѧڼԳᄦ КЪᇯࢺहညѧڼȂЙԓۦѧڼю ᖺЈփށᢖิьȄթҳȂԳߏদঋ ݑ៳ϘଠфըঋߞᙇߐᄦڼȂӺ௟ ᔌѧڼюᖺЈփ؆ԑᚎм (׈ႍᄦ ڼЏЙՅԴ)Ȅ 3.ԴᣍᅅԳᄦ೑ၳҳ؛ᢏмКȂᙩૼ ᙇߐᄦڼ؛ᅗؼᢏ಩໪Ђ७գϭԕ Ϭᇌ᝷࡭ȈԪۀ࡭ȃ಄Ԫ˵࡭ф಄ Ԫ ˶ ࡭ ȇ ࡈ ߰ ࠼ ԯ Գ ᄦ ѧ ڼ ю ᖺ Ј Ȃ ᚼ ѽ ࿄ ࣁ ߞ ж ᝷ ҃ ฆ ႎ ೟ ж ᝷Ȃփൄ՘ᄦڼߞؼᢏȇࢢی࡭ࡋ ࣏ళћՄ೑ၳሃ໪؛ݕව֣೑ၳ಄ ԪࠑӯȄ

मᗂ

ӎुٿݚ஼ॊྻ௞ᛟ঍๪ȶԳᄦ೑ ၳᚎмᅆӡᄦ߰ᓴᑄԪᏋԳᄦѧڼюН዆ ᠩȷ (NSC98 -2410 -H -231 -017) НႃׄȂ ڹӎुٿ༶׀؆՘ȂપթӦᘁȄӎћऎ঍ ๪НൊԊ՘ލȄ

୤ՃМᝦ

ѳਛឹ (1993) ෼഼ԳᄦۘᄦᇢԪ১ನȂเ ᄦ2 ЙԢѧڼюԳᄦНᙇߐᄦڼᓴۤૺዴѧڼ೚঍ᄦ ԳᄦКȂদঋԳߏ࠲઻ತЏുᆙࣹҵȂ ϵൄ՘ϘଠԳߏᓴۤૺዴ೚঍ৃգڱྋ ෩୼Ȅ֌ݺЈݺ1/250,000ԳᄦЂ७཈઻ϭ দঋԳߏ (10.26%) ф࿂ьዴߞϘଠԳߏ (5.12%)ȂըঋԳߏԴᖺ፠Ⴥ຀КЏ؆ԑᚎ мȄ (Ϭ) ᙇߐᄦڼ؛ᅗНᚼᢏжޘ ӎ ु ٿ ୫ ᅆ ݙ ళ ӡ Н ڀ ԕ Գ ؛ ᄦ (1/25,000ȇ1/50,000ȇ1/100,000ȇ 1/250,000ȇ1/500,000ຈУᇌѧڼю)ȂԴᣍ ᅅԳᄦ೑ၳҳ؛ᢏмК (ࠑ6)Ȃᙩૼᙇߐ ᄦڼ؛ᅗؼᢏ಩໪Ђ७գϭԕϬᇌ᝷࡭Ȉ 1.Ԫۀ࡭ȈԴЂѧڼюᄦКԳߏж᝷ Ⴕ೟ԧգێᄦڼࠑӯȂညԳᄦѧڼ юᖺЈ੡ȂԳߏж᝷ԪۀւዋȂӤ ݺ᝷־ᢏьႍ᝷ᄦڼদྲന঍Ȃൄ ՘ᄦڼ؛ᅗؼᢏȄڼՂȈЂѧڼю ᄦКᐯ੭ж஼Јȃ஼Кфᐯ੭Ϭᇌ ᄦڼȂփЈѧڼюᄦᐯ੭೑ၳ೚Ϙ Йԓ஡жȄ 2.಄Ԫ࡭Ȉթ᝷ԳߏԴЂѧڼюᄦ КȂԯףሏፑඛЂ഼௱࠼ѽћՄ೑ ၳࠑӯȂညԳᄦѧڼюᖺЈ੡Ȃࡋ ళ໪؛೑ၳࠑӯȂڭቃѽћՄ೑ၳ ሲށȄڼՂȈᑟඞȃสϾຈȄ !ࠑ7!ЙԢѧڼюᄦК؛ᅗؼᢏНᄦڼ೚঍ࠑ!! ȪໜȈɰࠑӯႍѧڼюᄦ๑թᄦڼȫ

௄թȂԳᄦ೑ၳᎳмᓴۤጀՑȂ ѹঋ࠼ѽԳߏж᝷ȃжૺऎڶᑂȂ ᅆЂѧڼюԳᄦփڏȂӤݺԳᄦ঑ Ⴖ࢘୼ȂԳߏж᝷жૺ༵ӫ೟Ȃх ᕕԴᄦڼ༵ӫहᅆϵႵԺዹмȄᔌ ԳᄦѧڼюᖺЈȂԳᄦ঑Ⴖ༓ֲߞ ఐ޶ȂԳߏж᝷жૺߞ༵ӫӅ༷Ԫ ۀւ༓ȂؼѽႵЂߞж᝷ݕжૺڽ ᙩ᝷Ȃहᕕߞᄦڼ׈ಯӠȄ

๖፣

ӎुٿ၃ӤаࣆൊҍߍߞڀԕԳ؛ ᄦȂ୫ᅆᙇߐᄦڼ་֖ᣍᅅ঍เȂᚣԧѧ ڼюᄦה಩Н಩޶Ȃణ୅ᙇߐᄦڼᚎмߞ ᘌཕȄӎћԴԳᄦ೑ၳ༓мᓴۤўবȈ࠼ ׀ӡўੲܠࢠ(Radical law)ᙖਣгՑȶᓴ ۤૺڀ೚ȷȂ঍ᇖԳᄦ೑ၳߞᓴۤܠᛝȂ ڭᣍᅅᙇ೑ၳᔌԳᄦѧڼюؼᢏȂᎳݙಯ ӠߞᢏмȄփԴԳᄦ೑ၳᎳмᓴۤўবȈ ࠼׀ӡԳߏж᝷жૺߞўޱȂ঍ᇖԳᄦ೑ ၳߞж᝷ሃૺ־Ȃ֯ऎᓴۤߞࢽዾȂڭᣍ ᅅᄦڼҳᣍߞᢏмȄ၃ᅁเжޘҞᖔ७ѽ ϭϬᙇদঋ՘ލȂഺᅆᓴᑄԪᏋԳᄦѧڼ юᖔۤႤୈӺۍգணւྍ၍Ȉ 1.ۦԳᄦᚎм዆ᠩȂ၃ӤᄦڼݙཇႿ ߞႤୈȂॶѽ1/25000ऎႤਫ਼ᄦȂ ည፠ᜱ1/50000Գᄦ੡ȂᘘҞה಩ ह ည ߞ ᙇ ߐ ᄦ ڼ Ⴄ ୈ ȇ ֭ Ղ ፠ ᜱ 1/100000Գᄦ੡ȂࡋᙇߐᄦڼႤ ୈࣹҵॗ38.46%ȇփ1/250000ሃ 1/500000ԳᄦᙇߐᄦڼႤୈߞࣹҵ ༓ж־୼Ⴟ76.92%ሃ87.18%ȄѷӤ ЂѧڼюԳᄦ (1/25,000ȇ1/50,000) ၃ӤКѧڼюԳᄦ (1/100,000) Ⴥ อۖЈѧڼюԳᄦ (1/250,000ȇ 1/500,000) ߞჅ຀КȂᄦڼႤୈಯ ӠށᢖߞᢏмȄ࠲઻НᄦڼНᔹԐ ؔȂЂ७ۍգѽϭપወȈ1.֖ࣆ஡ ᄑȇ2.দঋԳዾȇ3.ᐯ੭ȇ4.ࠫԈК ѕȇ5.ࣆܹᑟᅹȇ6.ዴ༓ԺߞԳߏȄ ௄թҞ෩ڻӡᄦ߰ᓴۤԪᏋӡᄦѧ ڼюߞணւᑟۘȄ 2.ڶᓴۤૺዴሃԳᄦѧڼюНӹϽж ޘຕލᢖӯȂ1/50000ѧڼюᄦКদ ঋݑԳߏᓴۤѧڼᇯࢺԴ66.67%Ȃ ᔌԳᄦѧڼюᖺЈদঋݑԳߏӺށ ᢖิьȂညԳᄦѧڼюऎ1/100000 ੡ȂԳߏদঋݑᓴۤѧڼЏށᢖফ ֌15.39%Ȃ֭թ಩໪ԴЈѧڼԳᄦ КЪᇯࢺहညѧڼȂЙԓۦѧڼю ᖺЈփށᢖิьȄթҳȂԳߏদঋ ݑ៳ϘଠфըঋߞᙇߐᄦڼȂӺ௟ ᔌѧڼюᖺЈփ؆ԑᚎм (׈ႍᄦ ڼЏЙՅԴ)Ȅ 3.ԴᣍᅅԳᄦ೑ၳҳ؛ᢏмКȂᙩૼ ᙇߐᄦڼ؛ᅗؼᢏ಩໪Ђ७գϭԕ Ϭᇌ᝷࡭ȈԪۀ࡭ȃ಄Ԫ˵࡭ф಄ Ԫ ˶ ࡭ ȇ ࡈ ߰ ࠼ ԯ Գ ᄦ ѧ ڼ ю ᖺ Ј Ȃ ᚼ ѽ ࿄ ࣁ ߞ ж ᝷ ҃ ฆ ႎ ೟ ж ᝷Ȃփൄ՘ᄦڼߞؼᢏȇࢢی࡭ࡋ ࣏ళћՄ೑ၳሃ໪؛ݕව֣೑ၳ಄ ԪࠑӯȄ

मᗂ

ӎुٿݚ஼ॊྻ௞ᛟ঍๪ȶԳᄦ೑ ၳᚎмᅆӡᄦ߰ᓴᑄԪᏋԳᄦѧڼюН዆ ᠩȷ (NSC98 -2410 -H -231 -017) НႃׄȂ ڹӎुٿ༶׀؆՘ȂપթӦᘁȄӎћऎ঍ ๪НൊԊ՘ލȄ

୤ՃМᝦ

ѳਛឹ (1993) ෼഼ԳᄦۘᄦᇢԪ১ನȂเ ᄦ2 ЙԢѧڼюԳᄦНᙇߐᄦڼᓴۤૺዴѧڼ೚঍ᄦ ԳᄦКȂদঋԳߏ࠲઻ತЏുᆙࣹҵȂ ϵൄ՘ϘଠԳߏᓴۤૺዴ೚঍ৃգڱྋ ෩୼Ȅ֌ݺЈݺ1/250,000ԳᄦЂ७཈઻ϭ দঋԳߏ (10.26%) ф࿂ьዴߞϘଠԳߏ (5.12%)ȂըঋԳߏԴᖺ፠Ⴥ຀КЏ؆ԑᚎ мȄ (Ϭ) ᙇߐᄦڼ؛ᅗНᚼᢏжޘ ӎ ु ٿ ୫ ᅆ ݙ ళ ӡ Н ڀ ԕ Գ ؛ ᄦ (1/25,000ȇ1/50,000ȇ1/100,000ȇ 1/250,000ȇ1/500,000ຈУᇌѧڼю)ȂԴᣍ ᅅԳᄦ೑ၳҳ؛ᢏмК (ࠑ6)Ȃᙩૼᙇߐ ᄦڼ؛ᅗؼᢏ಩໪Ђ७գϭԕϬᇌ᝷࡭Ȉ 1.Ԫۀ࡭ȈԴЂѧڼюᄦКԳߏж᝷ Ⴕ೟ԧգێᄦڼࠑӯȂညԳᄦѧڼ юᖺЈ੡ȂԳߏж᝷ԪۀւዋȂӤ ݺ᝷־ᢏьႍ᝷ᄦڼদྲന঍Ȃൄ ՘ᄦڼ؛ᅗؼᢏȄڼՂȈЂѧڼю ᄦКᐯ੭ж஼Јȃ஼Кфᐯ੭Ϭᇌ ᄦڼȂփЈѧڼюᄦᐯ੭೑ၳ೚Ϙ Йԓ஡жȄ 2.಄Ԫ࡭Ȉթ᝷ԳߏԴЂѧڼюᄦ КȂԯףሏፑඛЂ഼௱࠼ѽћՄ೑ ၳࠑӯȂညԳᄦѧڼюᖺЈ੡Ȃࡋ ళ໪؛೑ၳࠑӯȂڭቃѽћՄ೑ၳ ሲށȄڼՂȈᑟඞȃสϾຈȄ !ࠑ7!ЙԢѧڼюᄦК؛ᅗؼᢏНᄦڼ೚঍ࠑ!! ȪໜȈɰࠑӯႍѧڼюᄦ๑թᄦڼȫ

ᜱҍߍߤȂ35-67Ȅ ՛෼໱ᆬ (1972) ຾ȇկՉᄾ៌ (1982) ۘᄦ ᇢԪȂเᜱҍߍߤȂ95-99Ȅ ו՘ћȃѳᑍლ (2000) ໪؛೑ၳന঍Нا ڍȂԳᄦȂ೐59งȂ33-35Ȅ ਷ၐᚯ (1986) ԳᄦᐯȂК஼ћмЂᐯԳᐯ ुٿݙȂ117-152Ȅ ൙ᆘࠆ (1987) Գᄦᐯ௄ᚂȂ୼ຈిڈҍߍ ߤȂ97-109Ȅ ົϘྲ (1994) ᙇߐ೑ၳന঍ߞయನጀ࡭Ȃ 1994К஼ԳᄦᐯՐᡥȂК஼Գᄦҍߍ ߤȂ64-66Ȅ ห༯ (1992) ໛ះྏߢᅆۘᄦᇢԪߞ֯ӡȂ 1992К஼ԳᄦᐯՐᡥȂК஼Գᄦҍߍ ߤȂ38-40Ȅ ᅐֹ (2003) ಩҃ԳᄦᐯȂॊᐯҍߍߤȂ 147-157Ȅ ኒ੎ތȃ൘ؠށȃቀᏟ (1992) ಩҃௞ᛟԳ ᄦᄦڼന঍ߞϘଠ১ࡋሃўޱȂ1992 К஼ԳᄦᐯՐᡥȂК஼ԳᄦҍߍߤȂ 37-38Ȅ ᚠڧᘁш຾ȇقႽ၍ȃѳԏ௽៌ (1984) Գ ᄦሦᄦᐯ࿄ᎢȂเᜱҍߍߤȂ47-51Ȅ Robinson,A.H.,Morrison,J.L.,Muehrcke,p. c.,Kimerling,A.J. & Guptill,S.C. (1995), Elements of Cartography,6th,John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,pp.447-566.

Töpfer,F. & W.Pilliwizer (1966), The P r i n c i p l e s o f S e l e c t i o n Ȃ T h e Cartographic JournalȂ3Ȃpp.10-16. ‡ ԩ᠖ನڰࠜȈ௺߿Ӡ ‡ ԩ ᠖ ನ ڰȈٔᖊӔ Ӯዉఀ ޒ᠖ў ฅӒ༯ ‡ ನ ڰ ࠜȈϚڲК ‡ ௱ ச ನ ڰȈדࠫࣆ ᇷૡႿ Ꮢ஼༯ ᓥ་໳ ‡ ನ ڰȈѳܠӀ ѳށؠ ق੎ᙴ דࠫࣆ דएᐳ ޒѪޮ ޒցӠ ޒ෎਍ ௺࣋᠋ ၭ዇Ꮒ ᅐෳ౻ ‡ ௱ ச ᆾ ڰȈقᒸ፛ ‡ ᆾ ڰȈਗᇊӠ ധົو ൘ᇑእ ࿅Չ௵ ‡ ૪ ੩ ࠜȈ୼ዉड ‡ ྅ ڰȈܡ၏৖ ൘ᰃ׾

ϛ๼ҕ୽ӴყᏰོ಑ΪΙ۩Ᏸོಢᙑ

投稿日期：99.06.15 修改日期：99.08.15 接受日期：99.09.03