流行性嗜血桿菌( Haemophilus influenzae )感染症為台灣的法定疾病,目前流行性嗜血桿菌感 染症所使用的抗生素為 ampicillin 及 chloramphenicol ,但是將近一半以上會產生抗藥性,且帶有 β-l actamase 的抗藥性基因,有些菌株甚至對多種抗生素產生抗藥性。與歐美國家相較之下,台灣地區 嗜血桿菌的抗藥性問題更加嚴重。在抗生素濫用、缺乏管理的情形下,其具抗藥性之比例已有 50%
~ 60% 以上,因此相關抗藥性的機轉研究是刻不容緩的。
本論文主要是要探討流行性嗜血桿菌在台灣地區的感染情況與抗藥性在各菌株間分布的情況,以及 建立台灣地區流行性嗜血桿菌的分子分型指紋圖譜資料庫,以供臨床及用藥之參考。我們收集到 2 003 年台灣地區全國各大醫學中心嗜血桿菌的感染樣本。首先做菌種培養確定為嗜血桿菌,以及 MI C 的檢測,以供後續的資料研究。我們利用數種分子生物學的技術建立嗜血桿菌的分子指紋圖譜,
包括 ERIC-PCR 、 REP-PCR 與 16S rDNA - RFLP 來建立嗜血桿菌菌種資料庫。我們亦針對嗜血桿 菌可能帶有之質體 DNA ,設計引子來檢測帶有抗藥性基因,利用核酸定序進行分析抗藥性基因之 種類與分布,最後再與醫院嗜血桿菌 MIC 試驗的資料做整體之統計分析。不論是 REP PCR 、 ERI C PCR 或者是 16S rDNA 的分子指紋圖譜鑑定方法,都可以有效的分型流行性嗜血桿菌。 ERIC / R EP PCR 的優點為簡單操作、省時間與金錢,且準確度很高,鑑別菌種的多樣性比 16S rDNA 大。 R EP PCR 所產生的 pattern 不論起全國或各醫院觀察都比 ERIC 有較多多樣性,但是 ERIC / REP PCR 兩者所分類的族群 ERIC 比 REP 多。所以以流行性嗜血桿菌的分子指紋圖譜來看,我們會建議採用 ERIC PCR 的方法,快速又便利,且花費最低,且菌種的多樣性多。台灣地區的流行性嗜血桿菌的 抗藥性問題嚴重,其中以 ampicillin 最為嚴重,有 63 %的細菌具有抗生素抗藥性,在我們檢測的八 種抗生素中,發現流行性嗜血桿菌不僅僅對一種抗生素產生抗藥性,具有兩種抗藥性。嗜血桿菌內 普遍存在質體,以兩種形式存在, excised 或是 integrated types 。嗜血桿菌抗藥性產生的原因主要 是細菌內的具有質體不論是 excised 或是 integrated types 的都與抗生素的抗藥性有高度的相關性。
建立台灣地區流行性嗜血桿菌分子指紋圖譜資料 庫及其抗藥性相關之研究
Haemophilus influenzae is the one of most important bacterial pathogen of pediatric infection. This species is a pathogen causing variety of clinical manifestations such as meningitis, septicemia, epigl ottitis, cellulities, septic arthritis, pneumonia, otitis media, sinustitis, and other respiratory tract infe ctions in children. According it having the capsular or not, H. influenzae can be divided into two gr oups. H. influenzae with capsular have six serotypes, a through f, on the basis of structurally and ser ologically distinct capsular polysaccharides. All over the world the majority of severe infections rel ated to this species are caused by H. influenzae type b (Hib). Hib is the leading cause of bacterial m eningitis in children less than 5 years old of the world, including Taiwan ( about 41% ) .
Ampicillin (200-400mg/Kg/day) is a representative drug for treatment of Hib. Up to 30% of the pat hogens, however had developed drug-resistance of ampicillin in United States. Beta-lactamase prod uction was found in 50% to 60% of H. influenzae in Taiwan. Among amoxicillin-resistant H. influe nzae isolates, beta-lactamase nonproducers were rare (<2%). A continuing upsurge of H. influenzae isolates resistant to macrolide (30%) and to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (50%) during the last de cade has turned out to be popular.
Since resistance to several drugs continues to emerge among the H. influenzae worldwide. Continue d surveillance of this pathogen group appears to be necessary. For above the reasons, we hope to est ablish a database of H. influenzae which have variable subtypes and its resistance mechanism that i s useful and can be applied to clinical therapy. In our study, we compared 384 H. influenzae isolates from Taiwan by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC), repetitive extragenic palind romic (REP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR), RFLP-16S rDNA ribotyping and MIC test. Further more, we have used variable PCR method to analysis the plasmids of H. influenzae and its resistanc e mechanism.
data establishment of molecular fingerprinting of h aemophilus influenzae in taiwan and related mech
anism of antibiotic resistance