貓空地區觀光茶業發展之研究

୯ҥᆵ᡼εᏢғނၗྍᄤၭᏢଣၭ཰࿶ᔮᏢس ᅺγፕЎ

Department of Agricultural Economics College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture

National Taiwan University Master Thesis

ᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀૡ཰ว৖ϐࣴز!

A Study on Debelopment of Tea Tourism in Maokong Area

ಷྷ໢

Jui-Hsiung Chuang

ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻႜҥ޹റγ Advisor: Li-Fen Lei, Ph.D.

ύ๮҇୯ 103 ԃ 7 Д

July, 2014

ᖴᜏ

ҁЎޑֹԋǴ२Ӄाགᖴޑࢂৱৣ!ႜҥ޹௲௤ǴԾፕЎᚒҞޑᄬགྷᆶ௴วǴ ᡄᒠᢀۺޑࡌҥᆶᙶమǴΏԿܭቪբБݤޑ௲ᏤǴӧԴৣಒЈࡰᏤᆶႴᓰΠǴБ ளа໩ճֹԋҁጇፕЎǶԜѦǴӧ߃ዺֹԋϐሞǴΨ܍ᆾα၂ہ঩!Цߪᇬ௲௤Ǵ ϷѠчεᏢ!શᑫճ௲௤ǴჹܭךޑፕЎගрࡌ᝼ϷલᗺǴӧԜठ΢നుޑᖴཀǶ!

ԜѦǴ੝ձགᖴЕ࢐ࡰࠄ৐!ଯ۸ߞဠ٣ߏόսࡰ௲Ǵ٬ፕЎૈ׳ᖿܭֹ๓Ǵ ᙣԜ၈Јठ΢നుޑགৱᆶᖴཀǶ!

ӧࣴز܌ޑ؃Ꮲය໔ύǴགᖴس΢܌Ԗৣߏޑ௲ᇧǴΨགᖴӕืӳ϶ॺޑഉ ՔǴ٬ளࣴز܌ғࢲӭߍӭ࠮Ǵૈ୼ᇡ᛽εৎࢂҁΓޑᄪ۩ǴΨࡐଯᑫૈԖ೭ኬ ޑጔϩǴᖴᖴεৎѳਔޑྣ៝ᆶх৒Ǵ೭ٿԃޑᗺᗺᅀᅀஒ٬ךሎ૶ܭЈǶ!

നࡕǴ੝ձుుགᖴ΋ޔЍ࡭ךޑР҆ᆶৎΓǴӢࣁԖᒃངޑݿݿǵ༰༰ค࡜

ค৷ޑбрᆶ௲ػǴωૈԋ൩ϞϺޑԾρǶᙣஒԜጇፕЎ᝘๏ךനᒃངޑР҆ᆶ ৎΓǴᜫ೭ҽ഻৹ᆶᄪᝬૈᆶգॺӅ٦Ƕ

ᄔा

ѠчࣧӦЕ࢐ຼᜐޑȨᒗޜȩǴচҁࢂЕ࢐Ўξૡ୔ܿୁޑλྛكǴӢࣁҶ ໕॥਻ޑ׎ԋǴςԋࣁЕ࢐Ӧ୔ᢀӀૡ༜ޑжӜຒǶฅԶᒗޜӦ୔ޑᢀӀૡ཰ว

৖ςय़ᖏౢ཰ᙯᡂයǶՠࢂ྽ӦឦܭȨߥៈ୔ȩǴ࣬ᜢ໒ว΋ޔ೿ڙډᝄ਱ޑݤ зೕጄǶጔԜǴҁࣴزᔕ᏾౛Ў᝘ǴаϷ௦Ҕ໒ܫԄೖፋ࣬ᜢ҇໔ᆶࡹ۬ᐒᜢЬ ٣ޣϐཀـǴೕჄᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀૡ཰ว৖ϐБӛǴ٠Ъவݤೕϩ݋ёૈߔᘋ௢৖

ᒗޜӦ୔ૡౢ཰ϐୢᚒǴаයჹගܹᒗޜӦ୔ૡౢ཰ߕуሽॶᆶ҉ុว৖ૈගр ڀᡏޑࡌ᝼Ƕ!

ҁࣴزਥᏵᒗޜӦ୔ࡽԖᢀӀၗྍǴୖԵ Pine &Gilmore(1999)ϩձࡌ᝼ু኷

܄ᡏᡍǵ௲ػ܄ᡏᡍǵಥᚆ౜ჴ܄ᡏᡍаϷ୤ऍ܄ᡏᡍ฻ϐϣ৒Ǵٮࡹ۬೽ߐୖ

ଜǶՠࢂڙज़ݤзޑ೽ҽǴϝԖࡑࡹ۬ᐒᜢڐշǶᕴ่ǴࣁΑቚуࡹ۬೽ߐޑՉ

ࡹਏ౗ǴଞჹᆵчѱᢀӀౢ཰ว৖ࡌ᝼ᔈ၀೛࿼ൂ΋ืαԋࣁख़ाޑ،฼ᆶ୺Չ

ൂՏǶ!

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ᜢᗖӷǺᒗޜǵᢀӀૡ཰ǵᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢǵ҉ុᢀӀ!

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Abstract

Maokong has well known for tea tourism for a long time. However, it is facing a turning point as more compeititors and Maokong gandola operating.In addition, Maokong has been zoned as a “resevation area”, where land usage and developmet is constrained by strict laws and regulations.This study aims to review literatures and interview with relavent civilians and officors to promote some suggestions for futher sustainable development in Maokong tea tourism.

In this study, based on the existing resources in maokong area, entertainment, educational, escapist, anesthetic experiences (Pine & Gilmore, 1999) are proposed. It is shown there are obstacles from regulations. Therefore, it is very critical to increase the efficiency of administration in promoting tourism industry. Finally, it is

recommended to establish a new division that not only coordinates all opinions from different interesting groupsbut also fully authorizes all relevant planning works in expanding and promoting tourism industry in Taipei City.

Keywords: Maokong, tea tourism, experience economics, sustainable tourism

Ҟᒵ

α၂ہ঩ቩۓਜ……….….I ᖴᜏ……….…….II ᄔा………..… ..III मЎᄔा………IV ߄Ҟᒵ………VI კҞᒵ………VII

ಃ൘ക ᆣፕ ………1

ಃ΋࿯ ࣴزङඳᆶ୏ᐒ ………1

ಃΒ࿯ ࣴزҞޑ ………5

ಃມക Ѡ᡼ૡౢ཰ว৖ᆶᒗޜᢀӀૡ཰౜ݩ ………7

ಃ΋࿯ Ѡ᡼ૡౢ཰ว৖ݮॠ ………7

ಃΒ࿯ Ѡ᡼ᢀӀૡ཰………11

ಃΟ࿯ ᒗޜᢀӀૡ཰౜ݩ………15

ಃѤ࿯ чѱ۬௢ቶᒗޜӦ୔ૡౢ཰ว৖ϐ࣬ᜢ௛ࡼ………20

ಃୖക ࣬ᜢЎ᝘᏾౛ᆶӣ៝………27

ಃ΋࿯ ᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢཷा………27

ಃΒ࿯ ၭ཰Ўϯᆶౢ཰ϯ………34

ಃΟ࿯ ҉ុᢀӀۓကǵว৖֚ᜤᆶምᛖ………39

ಃစക ૡ཰҉ុᢀӀว৖ϐᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢ………43

ಃ΋࿯ ҉ុᢀӀว৖ำׇ………43

ಃΒ࿯ ᢀӀૡ཰ϐᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢ………46

ಃҴക ௢৖ᒗޜᢀӀૡ཰֚ᜤᆶࡹ۬فՅ………49

ಃ΋࿯ ౜Չݤೕᔠ૸………49

ಃΒ࿯ ࡹ۬فՅᆶ҂ٰᇶᏤ௛ࡼ………55

ಃΟ࿯ ځдᇶᏤ௛ࡼ………61

ಃഌക ่ፕ………63

ୖԵЎ᝘………67

߄Ҟᒵ

߄ 1-1 ᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀඳᗺၯ࠼ໆ಍ी߄………..………..………..4

߄ 2-1 ୯ϣૡယᅿ෌य़ᑈᆶౢໆ߄..………..………..8

߄ 2-2 Ӛᑜѱૡယᅿ෌य़ᑈᆶౢໆ߄ ………..9

߄ 2-3 ך୯Ӛԃࡋૡယ຾рαሽໆ߄ ………..10

߄ 2-4 Е࢐ӼЈૡယౢᎍ੤੤঩Ӝൂ ………..17

߄ 2-5 Е࢐୔ၭ཮ᇶᏤϐҢጄᢀӀૡ༜ ………..18

߄ 2-6 ᒗޜᢀӀૡ۫಍ी߄ ………..19

߄ 2-7 ᒗޜӦ୔ᖄѦౢ཰ၰၡ໒៘ၗ਑߄ ………..20

߄ 2-8 ᆵчѱࡹ۬ံշЕ࢐୔ၭ཮Չᎍ௢ቶीฝ࿶຤΋ំ߄………21

߄ 2-9 Ѡчѱࡹ۬ᢀӀ໺ኞֽଞჹȨΟᒗȩՉᎍ฼ౣ………21

߄ 2-10 Ѡчѱࡹ۬ᢀӀ໺ኞֽࡰࠄ৐Ӛቼڂࢲ୏࠹໺΋ំ߄ ………..24

߄ 5-1 ߥៈ୔ϣࡌᑐނೕۓ΋ំ߄………51

߄ 5-2 ೿ѱीฝߥៈ୔βӦ٬Ҕቩࢗा໨߄ ………..52

߄ 5-3 ᆵчѱࡹ۬Ӛ៾ೢൂՏᆅᗄᒗޜӦ୔཰୍୔ϩ΋ំ߄ ………..55

კҞᒵ

კ 2-1 ᒗޜӦ୔Ҭ೯ᆶᢀӀૡ༜ϩѲკ………17 კ 3-1 ࿶ᔮሽॶޑᄽ຾………28 კ 3-2 ᡏᡍᜪࠠ………29

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ಃ൘ക!!ᆣፕ!

ಃ΋࿯!!ࣴزङඳᆶ୏ᐒ!

୯ ሞ Ў ϯ इ ۺ ނ ᆶ ᐕ ў ൑ ܌ ہ ঩ ཮ Ǵ ܈ ᆀ ୯ ሞ ᒪ ၞ ک ᒪ ֟ ہ ঩ ཮ (International Council on Monuments and Sites, ICOMOS)ӧ 1999 ԃว߄ЎϯᢀӀ Ꮶക(International Charter on Cultural Tourism—Managing Tourism at Places of Heritage Significance)ǴமፓЎϯᒪౢکᢀӀࢲ୏ϐ໔҅ӛᜢ߯ޑख़ा܄ǴԋࣁӚ ୯௢୏ЎϯᢀӀޑख़ा٩ᏵǶᖄӝ୯ШࣚᢀӀಔᙃ(United Nations World Tourism Organization, UNWTO)ӧ 2002 Ўϯᒪౢԃε཮ගрว৖ЎϯᢀӀڐշว৖ύ୯ ৎޑཷۺǴځύх֖໺಍ొ໬(Culinary Traditions, Gastronomy)ᢀӀǶԜࡕஒ྽Ӧ ޑ੝Յᓓ໯ᆶᢀӀೱ่ว৖Ȩᓓ໯ᢀӀ(Food and Beverage Tourism)ȩ೴ᅌԋࣁ֎

ЇᢀӀ࠼ޑख़ाӢન(Telfer & Wall, 1996; Kivela & Crotts, 2006)Ƕᓓ໯ᢀӀх֖

१ނک໯਑ᢀӀΒε೽ҽǴ໯਑ᢀӀ߾аଚϷૡࣁЬǶԾђаٰǴૡ൩ࢂВதғ ࢲޑѸሡࠔǴӢԜǴૡڀԖుࡋޑᐕў܄аϷӭኬޑЎϯ܄ǴԶёаᆶਓၯࢲ୏

ଯࡋ࣬ೱ่(Jolliffe & Aslam, 2009)Ƕ

ӧ๮Γޗ཮Ǵૡόՠࢂғࢲύޑख़ा໯਑Ǵ׳ࢂᎦғाનࣗԿࢂ܃௃Ꭶ܄ϐ ғࢲ᛬ೌϐѸाࠔǶЀځӧЎΓᏀ࠼ޑ௢ݢշ᝔ΠǴᏂǵၰǵՕ฻ণᏢࡘགྷޑᅖ ΕǴу΢ૡЎϯႫ֖๱ݹ໳η৊ޑඵች่඲Ǵ፟ᆶૡ໯ޑᜩښک॥ߍǴठ٬໯ૡ வൂપޑނ፦٦ڙǴගܹډΑঅيᎦ܄ޑᆒઓঅᎦნࣚǹΓॺᗋӧૡύ஌ૼΑԾ ρޑΓғ౛གྷǵғࢲ௃፪کሽॶଓ؃Ǵࠔښ๱ᜢܭғڮޑుቫགڙ(ഋЎᚶǴ 1992ǹ৊ॣॣǴ2001)Ƕᒿ๱ૡޑߥ଼фਏᆶჴҔሽॶޑว౜ǴаϷ੃຤ࠠᄊޑ όᘐബཥǴᡞးૡ໯׳ڙډԃᇸΓޑݙཀᆶߙ࿍Ƕ

ՏӧѠчࣧӦЕ࢐ຼᜐޑȨᒗޜȩǴচҁࢂЕ࢐Ўξૡ୔ܿୁޑλྛكǴࡕ

ٰࠅԋࣁЕ࢐Ӧ୔ᢀӀૡ༜ޑжӜຒǶቅլᖪ(2007)ࡰрᒗޜ܌ೀޑय़чξڵǴ රᜦᐚख़ǴᅸᆘԶӭྛዏǴԖճܭૡᐋวػکఊҖЂᏜǶԐԃᅽࡌӼྛ౽҇ջཚ ᎂԿԜ෌ૡǵᅿዿǴၸΑ߈ٿԭԃԾ๏ԾىޑҖ༜ғࢲǶόፕૡ཰ᑫ૰Ǵᒗޜ܌

ۚೀޑଯচکڵӦǴ೿׎ԋ΋ঁ஽ฅޑࠄξ॥ඳǶԾࡹݯεᏢ਒ϐᕉξϦၡ΢

ξǴٿ਒Ҷ໕ૡ֝ӭၲኧΜৎǴԖޑࢂᙁᐆޑ៛Ϻૡ০ǵΨԖ֧ᗡᆒጏޑ৥༜೷

ඳǶૡ३མଛξ௃Ǵ׳Ӣ๱ڹඳԶᆪӜǴ΋ӛࢂЕ࢐ǵు֞ǵඳऍࣗԿࢂཥ۫ᆶ ҡ☇Ӧ୔ۚ҇ǴଷВ܈ڹఁ܌഻ངޑҶᏨӦᗺǶ!

ૡ༜ҁيڀԖ᏾ሸᒩᗡޑ༜࣬ԶඳጏەΓǹќѦݰૡၸำᖱزН፦ǵᏔڀ฻

Զ׎ԋϐૡ᛬ЎϯǶऩஒૡ༜ඳՅǵૡ᛬ЎϯаϷගٮԾշᇙૡޑᡏᡍࢲ୏่

ӝǴߡԋࣁҶ໕ૡ཰Ǵόՠගܹ୯ϣѦΓγჹѠ᡼੝Յૡޑᇡ᛽ϷҶ໕ࢲ୏ࠔ

፦ǴΞှ،ૡ཰࿶ᔼϐ೽ϩ֚ნǴ຾Զቚуૡၭޑԏ੻Ƕ1980 ԃӧѠчѱࡹ۬

฻ᐒᜢიᡏڐշΠǴࡰࠄٚԋҥѠ᡼ಃ΋ೀᢀӀૡ༜Ǵܭ 1982 ԃௗុ៘ࡌȨࠄ

ෝᢀӀૡ༜ȩǴԋࣁѠ᡼Ҷ໕ૡ཰ว৖ϐᔲᙡ( ݅Еೱ฻Ǵ2009)Ƕ

80 ԃжᒗޜౢ཰ၰၡ໒೯ϐ߻Ǵ྽Ӧۚ҇ा൩Ꮲǵ؃ᙴǵ܈ᖼວԯᙂǵᚇ

೤Ǵ೿ा᎞๱௱ί৐ǵክξӽǵΟҎ৐کࡰࠄ৐ڬᜐ฻ᙑξ৩Ǵவξ΢ΠډЕ࢐ǵ ඳऍ฻ӦǶԐԃޑૡ୘Ψ٩ൻξၡǴډξ္௦ᖼૡယǶ๱Ӝޑૡৣ஭ଐ֮฻࿶த ۳߇ܭය໔Ǵ௲Ꮴၭ҇ਭ෌ᆶғౢᆒጏޑૡယǶӢԜξ৩کၭৎ໔ޑໂഁғࢲǴ

଺Αᆙஏޑೱ่ǶӵԜၭৎණ׸ࠠԄᄬԋޑᙁൂғࢲǴ΋ޔόᘐۯុ๱ǶਔԿϞ ВǴջ٬೽ϩၭৎׯаૡ᛬ᓔ܈Ꭶғᓓ᡺฻ኬᇮև౜Ǵځ፦ᐆғࢲޑϣ఼٩ฅӸ ӧǴӢࣁЎϯ໺܍Ԑςϣϯܭ྽Ӧۚ҇)ቅլᖪǴ2007)Ƕ!

2007 ԃᒗޜᢑً໒೯Ǵԋࣁ΋ঁ྽Ӧౢ཰ᙯࠠޑࡰ኱ǶԐය҇౲ӭԾഢҬ ೯πڀǴӢԜளаᒿཀԿӚೀࢲ୏Ǵૡ໯ҶᏨаϷ੝Ԗૡ༜ඳᢀᡣၯ࠼ࢲ୏؁ፓ

ᒗޜӦ୔ࢲ୏Ǵ҇౲ҶᏨਔ໔ज़ڋǴࢲ୏ՉำၨࣁцԆǴၨᜤаᡏ཮ᒗޜޑඳᢀ ᆶ஽໕Ƕ੝ձࢂ୯ϣΓ҇ғࢲНྗޑගϲаϷڬҶΒВޑჴࡼࡕǴჹ୯ϣᢀӀၯ Ꮸሡ؃В੻ቚуǴᒗޜӦ୔೴ᅌѨѐ֎ЇΚǴࣗԿԖؒပޑ౜ຝǶᒗޜᢑً೛࿼

ҞޑǴЬाᗋࢂ๱౳ܭᢀӀਓၯǴஒ୏ނ༜ǵࡰࠄ৐کᒗޜೱ่ԋ୏ጕǴ٠ߚа ෧጗ξڵ໒วǵႴᓰξ৩଼وکගঀԖᐒၭ༜฻฻ғᄊᕉნޑࡘᆢǴ଺ࣁ२ाޑ Ҷ໕ғࢲԵໆǶᢑً໒೯ࡕǴ൞ᡏൔᏤ۳۳ΨୃӛൔᏤځࣁᢀӀਓၯ܌஥ٰޑፂ ᔐǴ۹ౣΑ೭༧ࣧӦࠄ୔හ݅ޑ੝ਸΓЎཀကǴᗋԖූ੮ԿϞޑࠄξғࢲऍᏢሽ ॶ)ቅլᖪǴ2007)Ƕ!

ӧ 2008 ԃ 10 Да߻؂ԃၯ࠼಍ी֡Ԗ 300 ࿤а΢ޑΓዊǴோӢ྽ԃวғᖗ ᇋረ॥ࡕǴᒗޜᢑً຾ՉᆢঅπբኩଶᔼၮԿ 2010 ԃ 3 Д 30 ВࡠൺᔼၮǴ಍ी

2007 ԃԿ 2014 ԃ 5 ДۭǴѱҥ୏ނ༜Ϸᒗޜᢑًޑၯ࠼಍ीӵ߄ 1-1ǶՠԾԜ ϐࡕǴၯ࠼(ၩၮ)ໆ൩ӧ 300 ࿤ΓԛаΠǶय़ჹ೴ᅌ෧Ͽޑၯ࠼Ǵᆵчѱࡹ۬Ψ வεഌЇ຾ᒗᅜიიϷ༝༝Ǵයࡑ֎Ї׳ӭΓዊǴ຾Զ஥୏ᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀૡ཰ޑ ว৖Ǵ฼ౣҞ኱ࢂ᎞ᒗᅜࡳ௱ΒᒗǺᒗᢑکᒗޜᢀӀǴᡣ҇౲ֹ࣮ᒗᅜࡕǴΨૈ

མᒗᢑډᒗޜസૡ੃຤ǶՠࢂǴམ४ᒗᢑޑΓዊؒԖቚуǴځύ׳Ԗၯ࠼ѝࢂൂ

પམ४ᒗᢑԶ҂ଶ੮੃຤Ƕξ΢ޑૡᓓ᡺཰ޣΨคڼ߄ҢǴډᒗޜၯވޑ੃຤ޣ

൳Я೿ࢂڹᒗ௼Ǵՠᢑًᔼ཰ਔ໔ѝډ 10 ᗺǴၯ࠼ѝӳၟ๱ᚆ໒Ƕ

ᒗޜӦ୔ᗨԖౢ཰ǵЎўǵғᄊ฻ӚᜪޑҶ໕ࢲ୏ᗺǴՠᗺᆶᗺϐ໔ຯᚆǵ ᗺᆶᗺϐ໔ޑӕ፦܄Ǵჹܭၯ࠼όܰ׎ԋҶᏨᆫပ֎ЇΚǴӆ߾ᒗᢑΞׯᡂၯ࠼

ޑਓၯБԄǺаᢑًԿᒗޜઠǴӆམᆀௗርϦً܈ࢂа࿶җ؁ၰԿᒗޜӦ୔ࢲ

୏Ƕၯ࠼ӧᒗޜӦ୔ޑҶᏨਔ໔Ԗज़ޑ௃ݩΠǴࢲ୏ӭ๱ख़ӧૡ໯ᆶૡᓓǴځѬ ޑҶ໕ࢲ୏൩ၨᜤԖว৖܄ǴࣗԿচҁޑૡᓓᆶૡ໯অ໕ࢲ୏Ψ೴؁ׯᡂԋᙁܰ

ᓓ໯а಄ӝၯ࠼ሡाǶ!

ᒗޜӦ୔ޑᢀӀૡ཰ว৖ςय़ᖏౢ཰ᙯᡂයǴՠࢂ྽ӦឦܭȨߥៈ୔ȩǴ࣬

ᜢ໒ว΋ޔ೿ڙډᝄ਱ޑݤзೕጄǶటೕჄว৖౛ۺǴ྽ฅሡा૸ፕݤೕёૈ೷

ԋޑ֚ᘋǶӢԜऩૈҗᇆ໣ၗ਑Ǵೖፋ࣬ᜢΓγаϷϩ݋ݤೕࡕǴᘜયගрᒗޜ ૡᢀӀౢ཰ޑ᏾ᡏว৖฼ౣϐࡌ᝼Ǵ຾Զࢲ๎྽Ӧ࿶ᔮࢲ୏٠Ъගଯ܌ளǴᔈࢂ

ॶளࣴزϐፐᚒǶ!

!

߄ 1-1 ᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀඳᗺၯ࠼ໆ಍ी߄(ൂՏ:Γԛ)

ԃҽ 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 (Կ 5/31) ѱҥ୏

ނ༜

3,370,215 3,284,443 3,673,564 2,808,110 2,710,720 2,967,234 3,222,768 2,198,062

ᒗޜᢑ

ً

2,364,682 3,807,396 1,832,024 2,881,005 2,304,735 2,520,701 1,381,631

ၗ਑ٰྍ:ҁࣴز᏾౛

ᇥܴ:ᒗޜᢑًس಍ܭ 2007 ԃ 7 Д 4 В҅ԄᔼၮǴܭ 2008 ԃ 10 Д 1 Вڙᖗᇋረ॥ቹៜኩଶᔼၮǴ Կ 2010 ԃ 3 Д 30 ВࡠൺᔼၮǶ

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!

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!

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ಃΒ࿯ ࣴزҞޑ

аѠ᡼ᢀӀҶ໕ౢ཰ว৖ᖿ༈Ϸ౜ݩԶقǴࣁӢᔈӦБ࿶ᔮሡ؃Ǵ٠ᅈى୯ ΓჹӦБၗྍޑᚶᙑᆶୃӳǴӆу΢ӦБ२ߏǵ཰ޣϷΓ҇იᡏޑ௢୏ǴаӦБ

ၗྍ੝Յ܌ࡌҥޑᢀӀว৖׎ᄊς៳ฅԋՉȐଯߪ໢Ǵ1995 & 1996ȑǶ׳ख़ा

ޑࢂǴӧך୯уΕШࣚຩܰಔᙃ(World Trade Organization, WTO)ࡕǴࣁว৖ᢀ ӀǴԜਔ௢୏่ӝӦБԾฅඳᢀǵΓЎǵౢ཰ϷЎϯޑᢀӀࢲ୏Ǵٰᕭอࠤໂৡ ຯϷගٮ൩཰ᐒ཮Ǵ଺ࣁՉᎍǵਁᑫӦБǶ೭ᅿϯ೏୏ࣁЬ୏Ǵ᏾ӝӦ୔ၗྍǴ ߡૈ֎ЇᢀӀΓዊаϷගଯࠤໂૈـࡋǶԜѦǴҗܭ୯ϣΓ҇ғࢲНྗޑගϲа ϷڬҶΒВޑჴࡼǴჹ୯ϣᢀӀၯᏨሡ؃В੻ቚуǴ࣬ჹ٬ளᢀӀౢ཰ว৖ז ೲǴаᅈى੃຤ޣޑሡ؃Ƕ

ᒗޜӦ୔Ծ 1970 ԃջࡰۓࣁȨߥៈ୔ȩǴ࣬ᜢ໒ว೿ڙډᝄ਱ޑݤзೕጄǴ ऩคϦ៾ΚϟΕǴΨዴჴᜤԖख़εँઇǶќ΋Бय़ǴᢀӀਓၯӦ୔த཮ᒿ๱ၯ࠼

ΓኧቚуǴаϷၗྍၸࡋ໒วᆶ٬ҔǴԶᏤठၯᏨࠔ፦Πफ़٬ளၯ࠼ޑᅈཀࡋΠ फ़Ƕќ΋Бय़ǴᢀӀၗྍޑ໒วΨ཮٬྽ӦӧϺฅᕉნᆶΓЎޗ཮฻Бय़ڙډॄ

य़ޑቹៜ(Wall & Wright, 1977; Cole, 1987; Kuss et al., 1990; Liddle, 1991; Perdue et al. 1991; Reid & Boyd, 1991;Martin & McCool, 1992;Christense, 1994ǹHammitt

& Cole, 1998)ǶӢԜѸ໪ೕჄ໒วᢀӀ೛ࡼᔈ၀ӕਔᜢݙᢀӀว৖ᆶၯᏨࢲ୏ჹ Ӛᅿᕉნޑፂᔐ௃׎٠Ъ൨؃፾྽ޑӢᔈ௛ࡼǶ

୯ϣԖᜢᒗޜૡᢀӀౢ཰ϐ࣬ᜢЎ᝘܈ჴ୍ਢٯࣴزϝฅ჆ЮǴՠԖ᠘ܭૡ

཰ױᜢ྽Ӧ҇౲࿶ᔮԏΕᆶӦБ҉ុว৖ǴჴԖѸाుΕ௖૸ౢ཰ว৖౟ᓍ٠Ъ ගрׯ຾௛ࡼǶጔԜǴҁࣴزᔕவѠ᡼ૡౢ཰ว৖ᆶᒗޜᢀӀૡ཰౜ݩ๱ЋǴᙖ җᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢ(Pine &GilmoreǴ1999)౛ፕ୷ᘵᆶ҉ុᢀӀཷۺᆶว৖ำׇ(ֺޚ

ܴǴ2000)ǴೕჄᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀૡ཰ϐว৖БӛǴ٠Ъவݤೕϩ݋ёૈߔᘋ௢৖

ᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀૡ཰ϐୢᚒǴаයჹගܹᒗޜӦ୔ૡౢ཰ϐߕуሽॶᆶ҉ុว৖ૈ

ගрڀᡏޑࡌ᝼Ƕ၁ಒҞޑᛥӈӵΠ:

΋ǵ᏾౛ך୯ૡ཰ว৖ݮॠᆶᒗޜᢀӀૡ཰౜ݩǶ

ΒǵၮҔ҉ុᢀӀཷۺᆶว৖ำׇගрᒗޜӦ୔ϐᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢᄬགྷǶ Οǵவݤೕ૸ፕߔᘋ௢৖ᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀૡ཰ϐୢᚒǶ

ѤǵਥᏵࣴز่݀ᘜય௢৖ᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀૡ཰ϐڀᡏࡌ᝼Ƕ

ҁЎ٬Ҕ፦܄ࣴزޑБԄǴЬाҗЎ᝘᏾౛ǴаϷ௦Ҕ໒ܫԄೖፋ࣬ᜢ҇໔ ᆶࡹ۬ᐒᜢЬ٣ޣ(ڙೖޣӢځঁΓӢનԶόᜫཀϦ໒يϩ)ϐཀـǴനࡕᘜયр

ࡹ฼ࡌ᝼ǶҁЎϐࣴزࢎᄬǴӅϩϤകǴନҁകᇥܴࣴز୏ᐒϷҞޑѦǴಃມക

᏾౛Ў᝘௖૸Ѡ᡼ૡౢ཰ว৖ݮॠᆶᒗޜᢀӀૡ཰౜ݩǶಃୖക᏾౛ᡏᡍ࿶ᔮ Ꮲǵၭ཰Ўϯౢ཰ϯаϷ҉ុᢀӀཷۺᆶว৖฻Ў᝘Ǵа൨פᒗޜว৖҉ុᢀӀ ޑёૈ܄Ƕಃစക٩Ᏽ҉ុᢀӀว৖ำׇǴගрᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀૡ཰ޑᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢ ᄬགྷǶಃҴകவݤೕ૸ፕёૈߔᘋ௢৖ᒗޜӦ୔ૡౢ཰ϐୢᚒǴаϷೖፋᆵчѱ

ࡹ۬ޑ҂ٰᇶᏤ௛ࡼǶಃഌകᕴ่ࣴزҞޑǵࣴزБݤϷୢᚒϩ݋௖૸Ǵ٠ගр

࣬ᜢ่ፕϷࡌ᝼Ƕ

ಃມക!!Ѡ᡼ૡౢ཰ว৖ᆶᒗޜᢀӀૡ཰౜ݩ!

Ѡ᡼ૡؼӳޑ३਻෷ښςࢂШࣚϦᇡǴӚૡ୔ҭ٩ځౢᇙᕉნ੝܄Զว৖р ӚᅿڀԖ੝ਸ॥ښޑ੝Յૡ)݅Еೱ฻Ǵ2009)ǶҁകନϟಏѠ᡼ૡ཰аϷᢀӀૡ

཰ว৖ޑᐕำǴ׳᏾౛ᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀૡ཰ޑ౜ݩǶ

!

ಃ΋࿯!!Ѡ᡼ૡౢ཰ว৖ݮॠ!

Ѡ᡼ૡ཰ౢᇙמೌྍԾᅽࡌǴଛӝҁ৞਻ংǵβᝆǵН፦аϷᇙૡמೌ฻Ӣ નǴӢӦڋەǴϩձ໒วр፾ӝӚӦ୻Ꭶޑ੝ՅૡᅿǶૡᐋޑౢය࣬྽ߏǴᅿ෌

ࡕޑΟԿϖԃёа໒ۈ௦ᄔǴӵค੝ਸޑϺؠੰᙝ্ǴёԏᛘኧΜԃа΢ǶѠ᡼

ૡယᇙ೷ςԖΒԭԃޑᐕўǴЬाԖΟεૡᜪǺᆘૡǵਜ਼ᓪૡϷआૡ฻(ഋཁҏǴ 2004ǹ݅Еೱ฻Ǵ2009)Ƕ

Ѡ᡼ૡယޑᅿ෌य़ᑈᆶౢໆև౜೴ԃΠྖ౜ຝǶ1999 ԃޑᅿ෌य़ᑈࣁ 20,222 Ϧഘǹౢໆ 21,119 ϦᏒǴԿ 2013 ԃᅿ෌य़ᑈࣁ 11,903 Ϧഘǹౢໆ 14,718 ϦᏒǶ 14 ԃ໔ىى෧ϿΑஒ߈Βϩϐ΋ޑय़ᑈǴౢໆΨྐϿΟϩϐ΋Ƕ୯ϣӚԃࡋૡ ယᅿ෌य़ᑈᆶౢໆӵ߄ 2-1 ܌ҢǶ1980 ԃ߻Ѡ᡼໺಍ޑૡယғౢЬाᇙ೷आૡǵ ᆘૡٮ๏ѦᎍࣁЬǴӄౚၻϤΜᎩ୯ǴѦᎍໆ՞ᕴౢໆޑ 75%ɴ85%Ƕՠ߈ΒΜ ԃٰς࡚ೲӦᙯԋᇙ೷хᅿਜ਼ᓪૡٮᔈϣሡǴѦᎍໆ෧Ͽډ՞ᕴౢໆޑ 10%ɴ 15%ѰѓǴѦᎍ૰ଏޑЬाচӢࢂӢࣁѠ᡼π཰ϯِೲ٬ΓπϐԋҁගଯǴᏤठ आૡᆶᆘૡޑғౢԋҁၸଯǴԶคݤᆶ୯ሞ΢࣬ӕౢࠔᝡݾǴΞу΢ࡹ۬ஒݮҔ ኧΜԃϐૡౢ཰ݤೕȨᇙૡᆅ౛ೕ߾ȩቲନǴҗݤΓૡቷᆶԾฅΓૡၭࠨբБԄǴ ׯࣁૡၭԾ༜ǵԾᇙǵԾೡǴ೴ԃࢲ๎Αϣᎍѱ൑ǴՠΨి؎ΑӝݤπቷǴׯᡂ ΑໆౢϯрαޑᏤӛ(݅Еೱ฻Ǵ2009)Ƕ

߄ 2-1 ୯ϣૡယᅿ෌य़ᑈᆶౢໆ߄

ԃࡋ ᅿ෌य़ᑈ ȐϦഘȑ

ԏᛘय़ᑈ ȐϦഘȑ

؂Ϧഘౢໆ ȐϦАȑ

ౢໆ ȐϦᏒȑ 1999 20,222 19,142 1,103 21,119 2000 19,701 18,512 1,099 20,349 2001 18,938 17,902 1,108 19,837 2002 19,342 18,329 1,110 20,345 2003 19,310 18,170 1,138 20,675 2004 18,208 17,462 1,156 20,192 2005 17,620 17,064 1,102 18,803 2006 17,205 16,740 1,156 19,345 2007 16,256 15,732 1,113 17,502 2008 15,744 15,174 1,146 17,384 2009 15,322 14,873 1,128 16,780 2010 14,739 14,530 1,202 17,467 2011 14,333 14,091 1,228 17,310 2012 13,486 13,308 1,120 14,902 2013 11,903 11,818 4,981 14,718

ၗ਑ٰྍ:ၭہ཮ၭ཰಍ीԃൔ(2013)

1980 ԃжϐࡕǴѠ᡼ૡယᅿ෌р౜Αٿᅿׯᡂޑᖿ༈ǺȨч૰ύ౰ȩǵȨե

੃ଯߏȩǶч೽Ӧ୔ӵཥчѱǵਲ༜ᑜǵཥԮᑜ฻ЫഊӦ୔ޑૡ༜य़ᑈ೴ᅌ෧ϿǴ Զύ೽ӵࠄ׫ᑜǵ჏ကᑜ฻ξӦ୔ୱޑૡ༜೴ᅌቚуǶќ΋Бय़Ǵཥᑫૡ୔ޑੇ

ܘଯࡋᅌԶ΢ϲǶ೚ӭཥૡ୔೏εೕኳ໒วǴ೭٤Ӧ୔ޑૡ཰໒ۈεໆ຾Ε୯ϣ ѱ൑ǴፏӵǺߓٚξਜ਼ᓪૡȐ჏ကᑜԮ஘ໂǵఘξໂǵߓٚξໂȑǵҏξਜ਼ᓪૡ Ȑࠄ׫ᑜߞကໂȑǵ׼݅ྛૡȐࠄ׫ᑜԮξᙼǵജكໂȑǵᚴξૡȐࠄ׫ᑜϘང ໂȑǵఛξૡȐࠄ׫ᑜϘངໂǵѠύᑜکѳໂȑ฻Ƕ೭٤Ӧ୔ੇܘଯࡋ୏ᇷຬၸ 1,000 ϦЁǴࣗԿ 2,000 ϦЁа΢Ƕᅿ෌य़ᑈᆶౢໆၨεϐӚᑜѱޑᅿ෌य़ᑈᆶ

ౢໆӈܭ߄ 2-2Ƕ

߄ 2-2 Ӛᑜѱૡယᅿ෌य़ᑈᆶౢໆ߄

2008 ԃ 2012 ԃ

Ӧ୔

ᅿ෌य़ ᑈ ȐϦഘȑ

ԏᛘय़ ᑈ ȐϦഘȑ

؂Ϧഘ

ౢໆ ȐϦАȑ

ౢໆ ȐϦᏒȑ

ᅿ෌य़ ᑈ ȐϦഘȑ

ԏᛘय़ ᑈ ȐϦഘȑ

؂Ϧഘ

ౢໆ ȐϦАȑ

ౢໆ ȐϦᏒȑ Ѡчѱ 132 132 732 97 132 132 646 85 ཥчѱ 1,780 1,621 730 1,184 1,658 1,500 539 809 Ѡύѱ 137 57 739 42 409 409 750 307 ଯ໢ѱ 169 162 1,123 182 121 121 1,063 129 ەើᑜ 323 320 443 142 149 148 686 101 ਲ༜ᑜ 890 868 852 739 554 547 725 397 ཥԮᑜ 543 538 1,032 555 533 527 1,059 558 भਪᑜ 738 637 1,342 855 426 426 1,213 517 ࠄ׫ᑜ 7,607 7,601 1,429 10,863 6,566 6,566 1,444 9,483

໦݅ᑜ 479 479 1,377 659 376 376 949 356

჏ကᑜ 2,298 2,268 756 1,714 2,163 2,163 859 1,858 Ѡܿᑜ 461 318 694 220 251 250 759 190

޸ጪᑜ 162 153 764 117 137 133 756 100

ၗ਑ٰྍ:ၭہ཮ၭ཰಍ीԃൔ(2009Ǵ2013)

ᇥܴ:Ծ 2010 ԃ 12 Д 25 ВଆࣁӢᔈׯڋࣁޔᗄѱǴচᆵчᑜׯࣁཥчѱǵচᆵύᑜȐѱȑӝٳ ׯࣁᆵύѱǵচᆵࠄᑜȐѱȑӝٳׯࣁᆵࠄѱϷচଯ໢ᑜȐѱȑӝٳׯࣁଯ໢ѱ

வ߄ 2-2 ܴᡉ࣮рǴ୯ϣૡယౢໆаࠄ׫ᑜࣁനεےǴ՞Αᕴౢໆޑ 64ʘа

΢Ƕځ؂Ϧഘѳ֡ౢໆҭࢂനଯǴᡉـӧᅿ෌చҹᆶว৖ೕኳБय़Ǵࠄ׫ᑜӚૡ

୔ޑዴԖሦӃдӦޑᓬ༈ǶѠ᡼ૡ༜ၹթࠄчӚᑜѱǴόӕ਻ংǵੇܘǵጎࡋ܌

рౢޑૡယӚԖځᐱ੝ޑ੝ՅǶᒘ҅ࠄ฻(2005)ࡰрǺȨ୯ϣӚᑜѱૡ୔٩ځౢ

ᇙᕉნޑ੝܄Զว৖рӚᅿ੝ՅૡǺӵѠчЎξхᅿૡǵҡߐ៓ᢀॣǵЕ࢐៓ᢀ

ॣǹਲ༜ᓪࢨૡǹཥԮܿБऍΓૡȐ⋀॥ૡȑǹभਪ⋀॥ૡǹࠄ׫এഗૡǵ࢙݊

ߏߙૡǵԮξߎဖૡǵВД዇आૡǹ჏က੧៛ૡǹѠܿᅽജૡǹ޸ጪϺ៪ૡǹە

ើનធૡǴаϷཥᑫଯξૡࣣԖځ੝ਸ॥ښǶȩ

ᗨฅѠ᡼ૡယޑѦᎍрαᖿ༈ς೴ᅌوӛᅈى୯ϣޑሡ؃ǶฅԶ٩ྣ߄ 2-3 Ѡ᡼୔ᇙૡπ཰ӕ཰Ϧ཮᏾౛ޑ຾рαၗ਑ᡉҢКၨࡕว౜Ǻך୯ૡယрαޑൂ

ሽऊࢂ຾αൂሽޑϤ७ϐӭǶᡉҢѠ᡼ૡόፕӧғౢࠔ፦ǵՉᎍࠔจǵᇙբמೌ

΢ǴѸۓԖځᓬ༈ӸӧǶ

߄ 2-3 ך୯Ӛԃࡋૡယ຾рαሽໆ߄

ԃࡋ ຾αໆ ȐϦᏒȑ

຾αॶ(ί ϡ)

ൂՏ ሽ਱

рαໆ ȐϦᏒȑ

рαॶ Ȑίϡȑ

ൂՏ ሽ਱

७ ኧ 2004 19,568 667,970 34.136 2,388 559,716 234.39 6.87 2005 20,775 735,488 35.403 2,174 496,811 228.52 6.46 2006 24,319 972,404 39.985 2,031 526,762 259.36 6.49 2007 25,054 1,174,118 46.863 2,004 576,810 287.83 6.14 2008 25,713 1,229,302 47.809 2,342 640,259 273.38 5.72 2009 26,483 1,307,106 53.790 2,400 627,433 284.79 5.29 2010 31,113 1,857,961 59.724 2,632 1,857,961 370.04 6.20 2011 29,627 1,488,893 51.000 2,815 916,816 325.50 6.38 2012 29,917 1,939,366 61.655 3,143 1,229,839 288.51 4.68 2013 30,203 1.652,326 54.600 3,918 1,232,258 314.4 5.76

ၗ਑ٰྍ:Ѡ᡼୔ᇙૡπ཰ӕ཰Ϧ཮(2014)

!

ġ

ġ

ġ

ಃΒ࿯ ᆵ᡼ᢀӀૡ཰

Ȩౢ཰ЎϯȩନΑхࡴౢ཰ғౢ܌़ғޑמೌ܈࿶ᔮࢲ୏ѦǴᗋхࡴҶ໕ু

኷ǵғࢲǵ௲ػǵޜ໔کғᄊǵᕉნߥៈǵಞ߫ǵ໺಍מ᛬ǵے௲ቼڂǵ҇໔ᘶ

߫฻ӭቫय़ޑሽॶکࢲ୏੝܄Ƕ܌аౢ཰Ўϯࢂ΋ᅿаౢ཰բࣁЬᡏޑЎϯǴౢ

཰ӧޗ཮่ᄬύǴޗ཮аϷঁΓ܌׎ԋޑᜢ߯߄౜ӧѦᡉޑӚᅿЎϯ߄ቻ΢Ƕౢ

཰ЎϯၮҔӧҶ໕ౢ཰΢ڀԖӵΠբҔǺว৖ᢀӀ੝ՅǴ֎Їၯ࠼Ǵᘉε୘ᐒ( Ц ߪᇬǴ2007)Ƕ஭ֻࡹ(2006)ǵ஭ֻࡹ฻(2011) ೿ᇡࣁғࢲ੃຤ࠔᆶЎϯޑ่ӝǴ

ࢂ΋ᅿཥޑബཀǴѬࡽගଯΑғࢲ੃຤ࠔޑࠔښǴΞ٬Ўϯբࣁ΋ᅿౢ཰Ǵ຾Ε

΋૓ޑ੃຤ѱ൑Ƕύ୯Γ໯ૡ΋໒ۈࣁᛰҔǴԶࡕԋࣁҶ໕໯਑ǴځҞޑΨ൩ԋ ࣁܫ᚞ԾךϷᖄ๎ག௃Ƕ΋݆మૡᑼΕΑ೚ӭЎϯϣ఼Ǵૡς࿶ԋΑ୯Γ੝Ԗޑ

΋ᅿЎϯ಄ဦǶคፕךॺޑғࢲӵՖޑ౜жϯǴோԖૡёа܍ၩΠ೚ӭځд୘ࠔ คݤֹӄ܍ၩϐЎϯϣ఼(णቚѳǴ2008)Ƕ

Ѡ᡼ᢀӀૡ཰ว৖߯Ծ 1980 ԃЕ࢐៓ᢀॣૡ୔ӧѠчѱࡹ۬฻ᐒᜢიᡏڐ շΠԋҥѠ᡼ಃ΋ೀᢀӀૡ༜໒ۈǴௗុܭ 1982 ԃ៘ࡌȨࠄෝᢀӀૡ༜ȩ(݅Е ೱ฻Ǵ2009)Ƕ1984 ԃଆӧਲ༜ᓪ዇฻ૡ୔ೕჄ೛ҥᢀӀૡ༜Ƕ1989 ԃගঀ೛࿼

ȨҶ໕ၭ཰ȩǴᔈҔӧૡ཰ޑҞޑջ׆ఈଓ؃ౢ཰ϲભǴගଯߕуሽॶǶӆޣǴ җܭѠ᡼ૡౢໆԾ 1990 ԃଆ೴ԃ෧ϿǴՠ੃຤ሡ؃ࠅቚуǴࡺߦԋ຾αૡယໆ ҭ೴ԃቚуǴҗܭ຾αૡ߯аआૡǵեሽૡǵ೓ૡࣁЬǴ୯ౢૡࣁ୔႖ѱ൑ǴЬ

ाаᆒጏଯભૡٰ଺ࣁჹ੃຤ޣϐນ؃ǶԜ΋ᖿ༈஥୏ૡၭගଯࠔ፦ϐཀᜫϷ่

ӝҶ໕೛ࡼǴаૡယԋࣁѠ᡼ᆒጏǵҶ໕ၭ཰ޑж߄ϐ΋(ᒘ҅ࠄǵ᝵໡ඁǴ2009)Ƕ

1995 ԃ໒ۈ௢ቶԖᐒૡਭ୻Ǵҗܭ࿶த܄วғԖᐒጫ๼ၭᛰූ੮٣ҹǴ܌

аջ٬Ԗᐒૡ҂මว౜Ԗ٬ҔၸၭᛰޑਢٯǴՠࣁΑቚу੃຤ޣჹԖᐒૡౢࠔޑ ߞҺࡋǴ೽ϩԖᐒૡਭ୻ޑၭ϶ॺǴς࿶ᙖ๱߈ԃᑫଆޑҶ໕ᢀӀ዗ዊǴЇሦ੃

຤ޣو຾ૡ༜ޑԾฅғᄊᆶᡏᡍઓઝޑᇙૡϐਓǴόՠޔௗڗள࠼ЊޑᇡӕǴ٠

Ъ܎߈Α੃຤ޣޑຯᚆǴᛙۓԖᐒૡޑૡሽᆶዴߥౢࠔ೯ၡ(Цࣁ΋Ǵ2006)Ƕ1996 ԃӧѠчᑜڳ݅ໂǵ޸ጪᑜྷᕞᆸ៪ǵࠄ׫ᑜജكໂǵӜ໔ໂ࢙݊ᔂૡ୔೛ҥȨ׎

ຝ୘୮ȩǴа୘୮ࠠᄊ೸ၸᕉნޑख़ཥऍϯ᏾౛ǴϷճҔȨૡЎϯȩࣁЬᚒᖐᒤ سӈࢲ୏ک໒วཥౢࠔ(࿶ᔮ೽୘཰љǴ2003)Ƕ2000 ԃՉࡹଣၭ཰ہ঩཮(аΠ ᙁᆀၭہ཮)ुҥȨว৖Ҷ໕ၭ཰ीฝȩǴቶ೛ȨҶ໕ၭ཰୔ȩǴϢ೚ၭ҇ӧҶ ໕ၭ཰୔ύ೛࿼҇எǶ2004 ԃۭ࿶ቩਡ೯ၸޑҶ໕ၭ཰୔Ԗ 48 ೀǴځύаૡ཰

ࣁЬϐҶ໕ၭ཰୔ջԖ 9 ೀǶ

Bull et al. (2003) ࡰрҶ໕ࢲ୏ӧ่ӝᏢಞ΢ڀԖѮεޑወΚǴӢࣁࡐӭҶ ໕ࢲ୏Ǵҁي൩ς࿶ੋϷӚԄӚኬޑᏢಞǴ੝ձࢂҶ໕ၭ཰Ǵӵୖೖዿբғߏၸ ำǴ൩ֹӄᑼΕԖᜢȨዿȩޑ஑཰ޕ᛽Ǵᡣୖೖޣค׎ύᏢಞǶӢԜǴҶ໕ၭ཰

ޑ࿶ᔼޣᙖҗᅈى੃຤ޣӭϡϯᆶঁ܄ϯޑሡाǴค׎ύܗ৖Ҷ໕ࢲ୏ޑቶࡋǴ ӕਔΨᕇள׳ଯޑ࿶ᔮਏ੻Ƕќ΋Бय़ǴჹܭਓၯҞޑӦٰᇥǴҶ໕ၭ཰܌࠹Ꮴ ޑȨΓᆶԾฅکᒋ࣬ೀȩǵȨᆘՅਓၯȩ฻౛ۺ࠼ᢀ΢ΨԖճܭё҉ុਓၯ฼ౣ

ޑပჴǴԖճܭޗ୔ۚ҇നεำࡋޑୖᆶ໒วᆶ࿶ᔼ(ᒘ҅ࠄǵ᝵໡ඁǴ2009)Ƕ ߈ԃٰ޸ጪᑜࡹ۬ၭ཰ֽᇶᏤྷᕞໂᆸ៪Ӧ୔ǵҏٚᙼه࢒ξӦ୔ૡၭவ٣คࢥ ਭ୻Ǵ٠ک೚ӭૡ୔ౢᎍ੤΋ኬᑈཱུ໒ᒤȨ௦ૡᡏᡍᔼȩ฻سӈࢲ୏Ǵᡣૡ༜࿶

ᔼၢಥ໺಍ޑౢᎍኳԄǴའي΋ᡂԋࣁᢀӀૡ༜Ǵ੃຤ε౲ᙖԜᒃيᡏᡍ௦ૡޑ

ٌമᆶ኷፪Ϸऍ᜽ޑૡ༜॥௃Ǵᡣૡ཰ޑߕуሽॶ׳уගܹǶѠчᑜڳ݅ໂૡယ

ౢᎍ੤่ӝ୔ୱϣ੝ԖޑȨғౢǵғࢲᆶғᄊȩᓬ༈ǴᖐᒤȨᡏᡍૡໂ(३)ȩޑ ࢲ୏Ǵ௢୏ڀᐱ੝Ҷ໕Ьᚒޑғᄊౢ཰ЎϯϐਓǶ2001 ԃ 1 Дଆ໒ۈჴࡼຼҶ ΒВǴӚૡ୔ໂϦ܌ǵၭ཮ഌុ௢рঋڀҶ໕ǵ௲ػϷЎϯޑȨૡယޕ܄ϐਓȩ

܈ȨԾշᇙૡࣴಞȩ฻ࢲ୏Ƕ೭΋ᜪૡໂ҇߫Ўϯᆶૡ཰ౢ཰Ўϯسӈࢲ୏Ǵϣ

৒ЬाԖૡ཰ᖱ০ǵૡ᛬Ңጄǵૡໂߍ॥Ўϯْᘶǵᇙૡᡏᡍǵૡ༜ЊѦНβߥ

࡭௲࠻௲Ꮲ฻Ƕ

Florida (2002)ගрӦБΨࢂౢࠔ(place as products)ޑཷۺǴ೸ၸࡺ٣௶ॊё аᡣ੝ۓӦᗺΨڀԖᡏᡍሽॶǴӢࣁ੃຤ޣѸ໪ᒃᖏ྽ӦωૈᕇளᅈىǶ׳ڀᡏ

໺ၲȨӦᗺȩǴᗋᔈхࡴђᙬǵЎނ৖Ңǵ࿯ቼࢲ୏ǵ໺಍໯१аϷ੝ۓু኷ޜ ໔฻Ƕࣁਁᑫ೽ϩૡ୔Ӧ᎜ؠࡕϐ࿶ᔮϷᢀӀ٣཰᏾ᡏว৖ǴҬ೯೽ᢀӀֽܭ 2002 ԃ 4 Д 20 Вɴ 5 Д 12 В२ԛᒧӧӦ᎜ख़ࡌ୔ɡࠄ׫ᑜജكໂૡ୔ᒤ౛

Ȩ2002 ԃѠ᡼ૡ᛬റំ཮ȩǶύѠ᡼྽Ӧ཰ޣΨӧ೭΋ࢤਔ໔઱઱໒ബȨૡЎ ϯుࡋਓၯȩǴஒচٰѝൂપவ٣ғౢϐૡ༜ǴᑈཱུᏤӛᢀӀҶ໕ϯว৖(ᒘ҅

ࠄǵ᝵໡ඁǴ2009)Ƕࠄ׫ᑜࡹ۬Ծ 2002 ԃᖐᒤȨࠄ׫ૡ३჏ԃ๮ࢲ୏ȩǴೕჄ

΋سӈૡໂਓၯՉำ֎Їӄ୯੃຤ޣǶ2004 ԃۭՉࡹଣஒᢀӀ୍ܺ཰ӈΕख़ा

ࡼࡹीฝࡕǴܭ 2005 ԃ߃ຑᒧрಃ΋ঁဦᆀڀԖ୯ሞНྗޑҶ໕ၭ཰୔(၀୔ғ

ౢનធૡ)ɡەើᑜоξໂȨύξҶ໕ၭ཰Ңጄ୔ȩǶ2005 ԃߓٚξ୯ৎ॥ඳ୔

ᆅ౛ೀǵ჏ကᑜࡹ۬Ϸ܌ᗄૡ୔ۚ҇฻Ӆӕ௢୏ȨૡϐၰȩीฝǴҞ኱ӧܭ่ӝ ߓٚξଯξૡౢ཰ǵᇙૡǵ໯ૡЎϯᆶԾฅξ݅Ϸૡ༜॥ӀǴ༟೷ᐱ੝ඳᢀᆶు

ࡋϣ఼ޑౢ཰ᢀӀޜ໔ǶҗѠчѱࡹ۬ڐշ೛ҥЪՏܭЕ࢐ૡ୔Ȩ៓ᢀॣхᅿૡ

௢ቶύЈȩຼᜐޑЕ࢐ᒗޜᢑًςᔼၮǴ٠௢рȨམᒗᢑǵၯૡໂǵפૡ፪ȩ΋

سӈࢲ୏ٮ੃຤ε౲ᒧ᏷(ѠчѱᢀӀ໺ኞֽ)Ƕ

ՏۚѠчᑜΟ৙ᙼԋᅽૡ୔ϣޑεԋ୯λǴҗܭޗ୔ࢂೀӧډೀࢂૡ๭ǵૡ

ၭޑᕉნύǴ၀ਠό໻ԋҥૡ᛬ޗიǴᗋԖ஑ឦޑૡ᛬௲࠻ǴԴৣॺ׳ᆒЈጓኗ ӭҁໂβ௲׷Ǵ؂ঁԃભᗋጓӈόӕޑૡൂϡхࡴǴځፐำЬाҺ୍ࢂᡏᡍૡ ໂǵ࣪ࡘૡໂǵჴ፬ૡໂǴ٠ᡣλܻ϶வλ൩ЈύԖૡǴԶόࢂӧё኷฻ڱ֣໯

਑ύԋߏ(මԿ፣Ǵ2006)Ƕ׵ەદ(2006)аѠчѱಃΒৎӝݤ࿶ᔼޑҶ໕ၭ൑ɡ

׶޸݅Ҷ໕ၭ൑ࣁٯǴҞ߻ၭ൑ϣЬाբނаૡᐋǵ׶޸ǵឮ޸ᆶ࢖ηࣁЬǴၭ

൑ϣচғ݅࣬ᙦ൤ǴғᄊඳᢀӭኬǶၭ൑Ьाଞჹΐԃ΋ೣ௲ػɡ୯҇λᏢޑЊ Ѧ௲ᏢǵѴ࿧༜ǵӼᒃ੤ǵ΋૓ৎ৥Ϸλიᡏࣁ࠼ဂǴගٮғᄊǵΓЎှᇥǹ൑

୔ϣҭё຾Չࠔૢǵғᄊှ᠐ϷӚᅿૡယౢࠔЋπᇙբࢲ୏௲ᏢፐำǶ໳ᑯ௵ǵ

ഋᎩ⯨(2009)ǵ΍Ўॕ(2012) ࡰрҶ໕ၭ཰(хࡴੇࢩҶ໕ށ൑)аၭ(ᅕ)཰ࣁ୷ ᘵ٠ݙख़Ҷ໕ޣޑᒃيୖᆶǴࣁߙϿԃᏢಞၭ཰ޕ᛽ගٮΑߡճǹ೭ᅿᑼᏢಞܭ

ু኷ϐύޑБԄჹৎߏᆶ࠸η೿Ԗ΋ۓޑ֎ЇΚǶۛԜǴҶ໕ၭ཰ᆶғᄊ܈ᕉნ

௲ػޑ่ӝǴς࿶ԋࣁᢀӀૡ཰ཥว৖ᖿ༈Ƕ

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ಃΟ࿯ ᒗޜᢀӀૡ཰౜ݩ

ᆵчѱՏܭчጎ 25 ࡋጕߕ߈ǴΞӢࣁࢂӧੇ৞΢ǴӦೀܿ٥εഌᆶϼѳࢩ ϐ໔Ǵుڙଳհޑᆾђଯ਻ᓸᆶཪᔸޑϼѳࢩଯ਻ᓸҬϕቹៜǴ׎ԋΑୋ዗஥ۑ

॥਻ংǶ೯த 3ɡ4 Дࣁࡾۑǵ5ɡ9 Дࣁহۑǵ10ɡ11 Дࣁࣿۑǵ12 Дɡԛԃ 2 ДࣁоۑǶԖਔڙډӄౚཪϯ܈੝ਸޑ਻ংᡂϯቹៜǴΨ཮р౜ၨཪޑоϺǴ܈

ࢂၨհޑࡾϺȐӵ 2005 ԃ 2ɡ3 Дᆾђଯ਻ᓸ஥ٰޑமਗ਼հ਻იǴ٬ளᆵчޑྕ

ࡋϿـӦफ़ԿឪМ 5.6 ࡋǴᎃ߈ᆵчޑ఩Н׳р౜ឪМ 3.9 ࡋޑեྕȑǶҗܭՏ ӧܿ٥ۑ॥஥ϣǴӢԜ਻ংΨڙܿчۑ॥ȐоۑҗܿчБ֌ٰ֖Ԗ೚ӭН਻ޑۑ

॥ǴԜ॥Ψࢂӧоۑ஥๏ᆵ᡼ч೽फ़НޑЬाٰྍȑቹៜǶќ΋ঁ੝ਸޑ਻ং੝

ቻǺӢࣁѱ୔ЬाՏܭᆵчࣧӦύǴ਻ংΨుڙࣧӦӦ׎ቹៜǶহۑҗܭࣧӦڬ ൎޑଯξԶόܰ٬዗਻௨рǴ٬ளѱϣޑ਻ྕ೯தၨڬൎޑӦ୔ଯрឪМ 1ɡ2 ࡋǶ຾ΕоۑࡕǴѱ୔ڬൎޑξӦᆶЫഊӦၨ৒ܰ׎ԋӦ׎ߘǶ؂ԃ 5 Д߻ࡕǴ җܭᆾђଯ਻ᓸᆶϼѳࢩଯ਻ᓸҬ཮׎ԋ᎔य़Ǵ٬ளᆵ᡼຾Εఘߘۑ࿯ǴԜਔᆵ чޑफ़ߘϺኧΨ཮ቚуǶহۑΨ࿶த཮Ӣࣁ΢ϲ਻ࢬܮ౰Ǵ׎ԋϱࡕႜତߘǶΨ ൩ࢂӢࣁᆵчѱ೭ঁ਻ংǴ೷൩ΑӧЕ࢐ξ୔ёаਭ୻ૡᐋޑᓬ፦ᕉნ(Ѡчѱ

ࡹ۬ᢀӀ໺ኞֽ)Ƕ

ᒗޜӦ୔ՏܭѠчѱЎξ୔ǴឦܭΒ਱ξسǴځڬᜐᕉნᆶҬ೯୏ጕǴӵკ 2-1 ܌ҢǶᒗޜӦ୔ന੝ਸޑӦՉࣁ൙ҤӦ׎ǴΨࢂᒗޜӦӜޑྍᓐǶ൙ҤӦ׎

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ঁΓמೌ೿཮ቹៜځ३਻Ϸࠔ፦ǴӢԜЕ࢐៓ᢀॣޑ३਻ᆶ෷ښཱུ൤ᡂϯǴ؂ঁ

ૡၭ଺ޑૡယΨӚڀ੝ՅǴவዕ३ǵհ३ډᗹ݆३೿ΜϩऐΓ൨ښǶ

! კ 2-1 ᒗޜӦ୔Ҭ೯ᆶᢀӀૡ༜ϩѲ(ၗ਑ٰྍǺѠчѱᢀξ؁ၰЬᚒᆛ)

ਥᏵᆵчѱЕ࢐ၭ཮ගٮၗ਑ᡉҢǴ၀ၭ཮҅ӧ௢୏Е࢐ӼЈૡယౢᎍ੤Ǵ

኱ᄦӼЈസૡ཰੤঩Ӆ 12 ৎǴаϷᇶᏤᢀӀૡ༜Ԗ 100 ৎǴ၁ಒӜൂϩձӵ߄ 2-4 ᆶ߄ 2-5Ƕ

߄ 2-4 Е࢐ӼЈૡယౢᎍ੤੤঩Ӝൂ

୘ဦʏ੤঩ۉӜ ୘ဦʏ੤঩ۉӜ ୘ဦʏ੤঩ۉӜ

ߎᓪૡ༜ʏ஭੻ሑ ஭ᄪੀ ڐᑫૡՉ(׶޸݅)ʏ஭ඵඦ

ଯਁ౰ ஭஋ૡ༜ʏ஭ሎৰ ૢ๮༜ʏഋ࠶ד

݅Ўࢃ ጔុጔʏ஭ণ჏ η๓ૡ༜ʏ஭η๓

ൣްʏ஭ᅽ෕ ࡰࠄૡಷʏ஭ஜ݅ ஭ξ݅

ၗ਑ٰྍ:Е࢐୔ၭ཮Ǵҁࣴز᏾౛

߄ 2-5 Е࢐୔ၭ཮ᇶᏤϐҢጄᢀӀૡ༜

ၭ༜Ӝᆀʏ༜ЬۉӜ ၭ༜Ӝᆀʏ༜ЬۉӜ ၭ༜Ӝᆀʏ༜ЬۉӜ

஭࿤ᅽ ஭୸ ᅽࡾૡ༜ʏ஭ᅽࡾ

ᅈ৥३ʏ஭ᅽғ Οۊۂʏڬߞက Цӆబ

஭ཥᐩ ڬමܕݯ ᘂૡ൙

ଯਁ౰ మЈૡ֝ʏڬβᐋ ஭דଳ

஭୸ ፋϺ༜ʏڬᅽӄ ஭஋ૡ༜ʏ஭ሎৰ

ᅸ໦ଈૡ֝ʏ஭Ԗ଄ ቺࠄૡ༜ʏ஭ቺࠄ ុ൙ૡ֝ʏ஭Ў෕

஭బᅽ ஭ऊѿ ૢ๮༜ʏഋ࠶ד

஭ݹ ஭ऊԸ Ο቞ҡʏ஭ڷᗶ

஭෕ک ऍуૡ༜ʏ஭ऍу ΢ཬૡಷʏ஭Ш፵

஭ߏک בლଈʏ஭΍ว ጔុጔʏ஭ণ჏

஭ࡹݯ ஭ڐቺ ൣްʏ஭ᅽ෕

஭Ύ ஭ቺയ ྞૡଣʏ஭ҏԋ

݅Ϻ፥ ᖴҏᗪ ࡰࠄૡಷʏ஭ஜ݅

஭ৎሸ ஭ӆᅽ ஭ᄪӀ

஭Оಭ ஭஋ ׶޸݅ʏ஭ඵඦ

஭੻ሑ ክ෫ʏ஭৓ᆢ ஭Нӄ

஭ቺᓪ ஭ߎᅽ ӳఈفʏ஭໺ғ

ᄃሎ۸ ૡقᢀްʏ஭דക ࡾૡໂʏ஭ࠄ

݊మ༜ʏ஭ଯҏඁ εᢀ༜ʏ஭Цᅸೱ εૡ൙ૡ֝ʏ஭ߓ࿤

஭౺ ᎈЈ༜ʏᖴ΍ܮ η๓ૡ༜ʏ஭η๓

চښૡ֝ʏ஭ჴ आЕࡂૡ᛬ύЈʏ஭

ࠄ༵ ࢲࢨૡ֝ʏ஭ऊդ

Ѥۑࡾʏ஭Ў፵ మࢨૡ༜ʏ஭Ԗճ ஭රෂ

ଐ֮ૡᚴʏ஭דࢩ ߏߙૡಷʏ஭ቺᑫ ᡌઠʏᎄܴറ

ξύۚʏູӆว ஭ߎࣧ ࡰࠄૡಷʏ஭ཥ҉

஭ܴω ஭మᘶ ᢀඳξ݅ʏڬනӓ

ґছૡ֝ʏ஭НЕ ஭ሎ଄ ᄃؼ

஭Н࢛ ϺЎૡ֝ ஭ԋໜ

஭ᅽੇ ஭໺຾ ஭ሎޱ

஭ݓԛ ஭රင Ϥۑ३ૡ֝ʏ஭ߞដ

஭ᅽٰ ஭Ϻਔ ఃᝑૡ֝ʏ஭຾ᄪ

஭৊တ ஭Ϻ፥ ஭૽

஭మߎ ξНۚʏ஭ਁࠄ ஭ࡾ॔

ᗎДʏ஭ߎݞ ΖДਦ޸३ʏ஭٫௃ ਜ਼៓ૡ༜

஭ቼ഻

࿶ၸᆵчѱࡹ۬୘཰ೀ 2014 ԃ಍ीǴᒗޜӦ୔Ӆӈᆅ 66 ৎᢀӀૡ۫୘ৎǴ ϝӧᔼ཰ޣԖ 61 ৎǴྂ཰ 4 ৎǴଶ཰ 1 ৎǴӵ߄ 2-6ǶᡉҢᒗޜᢀӀૡౢ཰ڀԖ

࣬྽ޑೕኳᆶ࠼ྍǶ

߄ 2-6 ᒗޜᢀӀૡ۫಍ी߄

۫ৎӜᆀ ۫ৎӜᆀ ۫ৎӜᆀ

Ο቞ҡૡ֝ ܹܿ༜ૡ֝ ൣްૡ֝

΢ཬૡಷ ݊༜ૡ᛬ ໺ғૡ༜

εૡⓛૡՉ ࢀДૡᓔ ོԳଈૡ֝

εᓐβᚊࠤᓓ᡺ ࡾૡি ᄪߐ࠼ළ

η๓ૡ༜ ࢂѦਲ༜ૡಷ ᅈ৥३ૡ֝

λЕࡂૡ֝ ࢫৣഡཥ㎷ ቺࠄૡ༜

ξύૡ֝ ࣬೹ۚૡ֝ ቺᑫૡ༜

ξНۚૡ֝ आЕࡂҶ໕ૡᓔ ክ෫ԾฅҶ໕ၭ༜

Ϥۑ३ૡ֝ ऍуૡ༜ ክ෫१୸

Ўξѱ҇ၭ༜ ৹३λӞ۫ ጔុጔҶ໕ૡᓔ

҅εҶ໕ૡ༜ ૢ๮༜ ፋϺ༜ૡՉ

ҏૡ༜ ૢ៟ૡ֝ ᑫֻࠔૢβᚊ

ҏᢀॣૡ֝ ૡقᢀް ᒗޜξН࠼ૡ֝

ґছૡ֝ ଐ֮ૡᐽ ᒗޜϺЎૡ֝

ӳఈѠૡ֝ ஭஋ૡ༜ ᒗޜҶ໕ၭ༜

Ԗጔ ఃᝑૡ֝ ᒗޜಃ΋ৎૡ᛬ᓓ໯

ԮᝳβᚊλӞ ఼净ଈᓓ᡺ ᒗޜ໕ڜଢ଼ᓔ

ԾӧҖૡ֝ మЈૡ֝ ᓪ޵ૡ֝

בლଈૡ֝ మࢨξಷᓓ᡺ ᗎДૡ֝

׶޸݅ૡ֝ మࢨૡ᛬ҁ۫ ᚈᐎ༜ૡ֝

ٗҲ׸޸༜ξಷ ഁξβᚊࠤ ᢀႳҶ໕ૡᓔ

ၗ਑ٰྍ:Ѡчѱ୘཰ೀǴҁࣴز᏾শ

ᆕᢀҞ߻ᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀૡ༜܈୘ৎ࿶ᔼޑϣ৒Ǵεӭаගٮඳᢀ൑܌ᓓ໯ǵ ࠔૢࣁЬǴڙ៿߆ޑౢࠔࡐ৒ܰ೏כ᠍ǴΞӢࣁคݤԖਏև౜੝ਸޑӦБ܄Ǵ੃

຤ޣёૈ࿶ᐕ΋ԛޑ࿶ᡍࡕ൩όӆགᑫ፪Ƕ྽ၯ࠼೴ᅌࢬѨǴ྽ฅ୘ৎ/ၭ҇ޑ ԏ੻Ψᒿϐሀ෧ǴࣗԿ೷ԋ᏾ঁ୔ୱ࿶ᔮ૰ଏǶჴԖѸाࡘ઩׳ڀ߻ᘳ܄ޑ࿶ᔼ ኳԄǶ

ಃѤ࿯ чѱ۬௢ቶᒗޜӦ୔ૡౢ཰ว৖ϐ࣬ᜢ௛ࡼ

ᒗޜӦ୔ڙज़ܭξڵӦߥៈϷβӦౢ៾ϩණጔ଺ǴӧᒗޜӦ୔ᖄѦၰၡӅԖ

ࡰࠄౢ཰ၰၡ฻ 4 చ(ӵ߄ 2-7)Ǵ߯ܭ 1978 ԃԿ 1981 ԃ໔ࣁၭ཰ၮᒡሡ؃Զ೴

ԃ໒៘Ǵ2007 ԃᒗޜᢑً໒೯ࡕǴ൩คཥ៘ౢ཰ၰၡϐೕჄǶӢԜǴటаځд Ҭ೯πڀԾՉ೷ೖᒗޜޑၯ࠼Ǵӧຼ҃ය໔Γዊ౲ӭਔǴ൩ाהڙ༞ًϐधǶ

߄ 2-7 ᒗޜӦ୔ᖄѦౢ཰ၰၡ໒៘ၗ਑߄ Չࡹ

୔

ጓ ဦ

ౢ཰ၰၡ Ӝᆀ

ჴሞፓࢗߏ ࡋ(M)

ၰၡଆᗺ ၰၡಖᗺ ຉၰӜᆀ ៘ࡌ

ԃࡋ Ў

ξ

୔

1 Դࢨᕉξ

ౢ཰ၰၡ

4,490 Դࢨຉ 26 ࡅ(чΒ ଯΠǴၰғ๮༜Ѵ

࿧༜ߕ߈)

ࡡӀᐏ Դࢨຉ 26 ࡅǴ Դࢨຉ 45 ࡅ

1981

2 ࢨࠄౢ཰

ၰၡ

2,714 Դࢨຉ 26 ࡅᆶ 45 ࡅҬΰα

Դࢨຉ 45 ᆶࡰ

ࠄၡ 3 ࢤ 34 ࡅ Ҭΰα

Դࢨຉ 45 ࡅ 1980

3 ࡰࠄౢ཰

ၰၡ

7,076 ࡰࠄၡ 3 ࢤᆶࡰࠄ ၡ 3 ࢤ 38 ࡅ਒Ҭ ΰα(чΒଯ਒

૛⌇ᐏ ࡰࠄၡ 3 ࢤ 34 ࡅǵ38 ࡅǵ40 ࡅ

1978

4 ࡰࠄክξ

ౢ཰ၰၡ

1,963 ࡰࠄၡ 3 ࢤ 34 ࡅǵ38 ࡅҬΰα

ΟҎ৐ ࡰࠄၡΟࢤ 34 ࡅǵ38 ࡅ

ऊ 1979

ၗ਑ٰྍ:ҁࣴز᏾౛

ౢ཰ว৖ֽ(ౢวֽ)ӧ 2011 Կ 2014 ԃံշЕ࢐୔ၭ཮ᒤ౛Ӛ໨ૡယՉᎍ௢

ቶीฝǴхࡴࡾоۑ៓ᢀॣૡКᖻǵૡယᡏᡍࢲ୏฻ǵཥౢࠔ໒ว(ᜩआआૡ)ǵ Չᎍхး೛ीǵૡ༜Ꮴំှᇥس಍ᆢៈϷ໕࿼ၭӦࢲϯ฻Ьाπբ໨ҞǴ2012 ԃᒤ౛ᒗޜӦ୔ૡ༜ࡰҢจӄय़׳ཥբ཰Ǵ׳ཥૡၭЊኧ 42 ЊǴ2013-2014 ԃံ

շЕ࢐୔ၭ཮ࡌҥ QRCode Ꮴំس಍ǴගٮૡၭӭϡБԄՉᎍ(ံշ࿶຤Ӆी

4,843,000 ϡǶӵ߄ 2-8)Ƕ

߄ 2-8 ᆵчѱࡹ۬ံշЕ࢐୔ၭ཮Չᎍ௢ቶीฝ࿶຤΋ំ߄

ԃ ीฝӜᆀ ࿶຤(ϡ)

2011 Е࢐ࡾ(о)ۑ៓ᢀॣૡКᖻीฝ 300,000

2012 Е࢐ࡾ(о)ۑ៓ᢀॣૡКᖻीฝ 312,000

2013 Е࢐ࡾ(о)ۑ៓ᢀॣૡКᖻीฝ 312,000

2014 Е࢐ࡾ(о)ۑ៓ᢀॣૡКᖻीฝ 312,000

2011 Е࢐ၭ཮ᓬ፦ૡယബཥౢ཰-Ȩᢀॣआૡȩ໒วीฝ 520,000

2011 ៓ᢀॣᇙૡᡏᡍᝡᖻ 80,000

2012 Е࢐ࡾǵоΒۑᓬؼ៓ᢀॣૡКᖻхးၗ׷׳ཥ೛ीीฝ 400,000 2012 Е࢐៓ᢀॣૡᇙૡᡏᡍᄤ៓ᢀॣआૡᇙૡמೌᝡᖻسӈࢲ୏ 620,000 2013 Е࢐ૡ༜ᇶᏤᄤᏤំှᇥจၗૻس಍(QR code)ࡌ࿼ीฝ 645,000 2013 Е࢐៓ᢀॣૡъᐒఓϯᇙ೷מೌᝡᖻᄤᇙૡᡏᡍࢲ୏ीฝ 120,000 2013 ᓬ፦ᜩआआૡسӈҢጄຑ᠘КᖻǵՉᎍࢲ୏ᄤᇙૡᡏᡍࢲ୏ीฝ 100,000 2014 Е࢐ૡ༜ᇶᏤՉᎍхး೛ीᄤᏤំှᇥจၗૻس಍(QRCode)ᆢៈीฝ 406,000

2014 Е࢐୔໕࿼ၭӦൺહᇶᏤीฝ 316,000

2014 Е࢐ᓬ፦ᜩआسӈआૡϐᇶᏤǵຑ᠘Јᖻǵхး೛ीᄤՉᎍीฝ 400,000

ӝी 4,843,000

ၗ਑ٰྍ:ҁࣴز᏾౛

ᢀӀ໺ኞֽ(ᢀ໺ֽ)ЬाଞჹȨΟᒗȩՉᎍ฼ౣϷ୺Չࡰࠄ৐൞ᡏᚼӀϣ

৒Ǵϩձ᏾౛ӵ߄ 2-9 ᆶ߄ 2-10Ƕ

߄ 2-9 Ѡчѱࡹ۬ᢀӀ໺ኞֽଞჹȨΟᒗȩՉᎍ฼ౣ

ጓဦ ໨Ҟ ϣ৒ᇥܴ

1 ࡌ࿼஑ᚒᆛ। ܭᆵчਓၯᆛࡌ࿼ȨᒗޜᢑًȩЬᚒᆛ।Ǵ٠࡭ុᙦ൤࣬ᜢϣ৒Ǵх֖Ȩᆵч൨Ȭᒗȭ

፪ȩǵȨᒗޜᡙᆧϐਓȩЬᚒၯำǵȨᒗޜ੝ՅඳᗺȩǵȨᒗޜۑ࿯ࢲ୏ȩǵȨᒗޜғ ᄊȩǵȨ१ӧᒗޜȩ฻࣬ᜢΟᒗਓၯၗૻϟಏǶ102ǵ103 ԃࡋ׳ϩձᆶᆵчѱҥ୏ނ

༜Ϸᆵч௘ၮϦљӝբᒤ౛ࡌ࿼ȨεᒗᅜᝊᝊᆛၡڮӜȩϷȨᆵчਓၯᆛ Hello Kitty ᒗᢑ२।ހࠠȩ฻࠹໺ᆛ।Ƕ

2 ӑᇙਓၯтނ วՉȠᒗആ-ᢑᆧϐਓȡύǵमǵВЎހᄙ।(Ծ 2012 ԃଆཥቚВЎހ)ǴϟಏᒗޜӦ୔

ᢑًǵԾฅඳᢀǵᢀӀඳᗺǵૡࠔ฻Ǵ٠՘аӦკϷЬᚒၯำǹЪܭᆵчѱᢀӀᙁϟȠ፪Ƕ ᆵчȡύǵमǵВǵᗬЎހᄙ।(Ծ 2012 ԃଆཥቚᗬЎހ)ύϟಏᒗޜӦ୔ඳᗺǵૡࠔǵ

ࡰࠄ৐௃ΓയӦ฻Ǵᑈཱུ௢৖ᢀӀਓၯǶ

ΒǵќܭۓයтނӵȠᆵчฝтȡДтǵȠDiscovery TaipeiȡमǵВЎᚈДтǵȠᆒற ᆵчȡᚈДртϐᢀӀࢲ୏Ӧᗺᄙ।(ύǵमǵВǵᗬЎހ)฻Ǵຎ྽යࢲ୏܈஑ᚒೕჄǴ ଛӝ࠹໺ᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀਓၯǶ

3 ೛ҥၯ࠼ύЈ 2010 ԃଛӝᒗޜᢑًൺᎭǴܭᒗޜᢑً୏ނ༜ઠᆶᒗޜઠϩձ೛ҥၯ࠼ύЈǴЬ୏ଞ ჹ߻ٰᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀਓၯޑ୯ϣѦၯ࠼ǴගٮᒗޜӚ୔ඳᗺϷ۫ৎޑϟಏǴ٠ܭክξӽ ᆶᢑًࡰࠄ৐ઠ฻ 2 ೀᢀӀඳᗺ೛ҥਓၯၗૻઠǴගٮਓ࠼઩ڗᒗޜӦ୔Ў࠹Ƕ 4 ೛࿼ᢀӀᏤំӦ

კจ

ࣁߡճ҇౲ډၲӚඳᗺǴܭᒗޜӦ୔ࡌ࿼ 8 ০ᢀӀᏤំӦკจ০ǴࡰЇၯ࠼ԿᒗޜӦ୔

ԾҗᢀӀϷࠔૢǶ 5 ᒤ౛ᆵчԾҗՉ

஑ਢ

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6 ௢ቶЬᚒၯำ ࣁ௢ቶᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀਓၯǴܭ 2011 ԃ่ӝᒗޜ྽ӦᢀӀၗྍᆶඳᗺೕჄ௢рȨғᄊᆵ ч-ૡໂђၰᒿЈᅐၯȩЬᚒၯำǴ௢⬣ᒗޜᢑًଯޜ፞ඳǵክᐋ؁ၰᅐၯǵૡ௢ቶύ Јᡏᡍૡ᛬Ўϯǵ൙Ҥ؁ၰ፞੝ਸӦ׎฻ՉำǴаՉᎍᒗޜǶ

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7 ᒤ౛ਓՉ཰ޣዕ

஼ϐਓ

΋ǵ2010 ԃᒤ౛Ȩύࠄ೽ਓՉ཰ޣᒗޜ፰ጕϐਓȩǴᗎፎύǵࠄ೽ਓՉ཰ޣऊ 35 ӜǴ ᆶᒗޜӦ୔۫ৎǵҁ۬ౢ཰ว৖ֽǵ୘཰ೀǵ௘ၮϦљ฻ൂՏҬࢬ০ፋǶ

Βǵ2011 ԃࡋዕ஼ϐਓȨ኷ࢲᆵчȩЬᚒǴᗎፎਓՉ཰ޣᆶ࣬ᜢϦڐ཮ж߄ 30 ΓǴჴ ӦوೖᒗޜӦ୔Ǵ٠ୖೖૡ௢ቶύЈǴڐշ཰ޣхးᒗޜӦ୔ਓၯՉำǴ௢ቶ྽ӦᢀӀ ਓၯǶ

Οǵ2011 ԃዕ஼ϐਓϐȨᒃξ኷НǵԾฅᆵчȩЬᚒǴᗎፎਓՉ཰ޣᆶ࣬ᜢϦڐ཮ж ߄ 30 ΓǴჴӦوೖᒗޜӦ୔Ǵڐշ཰ޣхးᒗޜӦ୔ਓၯՉำǴ௢ቶ྽ӦᢀӀਓၯǶ Ѥǵ2013 ԃዕ஼ϐਓϐȨξᇟ஌௃-ᅐၯᆵчȩЬᚒǴᗎፎᢀӀࣽسᏢޣǵϦڐ཮ǵਓ Չ཰ޣ฻ж߄ 30 ՏǴམ४ᒗޜᢑًჴӦوೖᒗޜӦ୔Ǵаڐշ཰ޣхးᒗޜӦ୔ਓၯ ՉำǴ௢ቶ྽ӦᢀӀǶ

8 ܡឪቹТ࠹໺ ΋ǵ2011 ԃᆶҁѱߏቺԖጕႝຎϦљӝբᇙբȨFUN ЈވᆵчȩسӈቹТ٠མଛȨᆵ чਓΓВᇞȩϟಏҁѱ੝ՅඳᗺǴځύх֖ᒗޜᒗᢑϐ౳ǵࡰࠄ৐ǵክᐋ؁ၰ฻ඳᗺǶ Βǵ2012 ԃᢀӀՉᎍႝຎ࠹Ꮴᇙኞਢ-ȨᆵчǶךޑ༾ਓՉȩᇙኞ 15 ໣سӈᢀӀቹТǴ Չᎍ௢ቶҁѱӚඳᗺ(ಃΎ໣൑ඳࣁᒗᢑϷክ෫؁ၰ฻)Ƕ

Οǵ2013 ԃᆶҁѱᖄᆢԖጕႝຎϦљӝբܡឪȨᆵчΓᆵч٣ȩ࿯ҞǴаЬ࡭ΓՉဌ ᇥࡺ٣БԄǴϟಏҁѱ࣬ᜢࡼࡹԋ݀Ǵځύಃ 5 ໣ϟಏᒗᢑϷᒗޜࠔૢЎϯǶ

9 ൞ᡏᆅၰ࠹໺ ΋ǵ࡭ុ೸ၸൔകтނǵ௘ၮᐩጃǵੇൔǵϦًًᡏቶ֋Ϸᆵчቶኞႝᆵ฻࠹໺ᆅၰǴ

፾ਔՉᎍᒗޜਓၯၗૻǶ

Βǵᆵчቶኞႝᆵ(FM93.1ǵAM1134 ᓎၰ)Ծ 2010 ԃّϞ೸ၸȨᆵчգ྽ৎȩǵȨ޸

޸ᆵчȩǵȨᆵч GO ӳވȩǵȨߝᗺᆵчȩǵȨᆵч኷คज़ȩǵȨ४๱ॣ಄ѐਓՉȩǵ ȨTaipeiǶFreeǶFunȩǵȨᆵчᇸਓՉȩ฻஥ރϷ༧ރ࿯ҞύϟಏᆵчѱӚඳᗺϐਔᐒǴ а஑ᚒ܈ٰᇯᗎೖ฻БԄଛӝՉᎍЎξ୔ǵᒗޜඳᗺǵᒗᢑǵᒗᅜ฻Ǵќҭ፾ਔᇙኞක ኞ࠹Ꮴ஥ܭᓎၰύኞрǶ

10 ံշ୯ሞ཮৖ ࣁႴᓰ୯ሞ཮᝼ǵ৖ំᄤዛᓰਓၯܭᆵчѱᖐᒤǴаߦ຾࣬ᜢౢ཰ว৖ǴՉᎍᒗޜᢑً

11 ံշᢀӀࢲ୏ ΋ǵࣁࢲ๎ᒗޜᢀӀౢ཰Ǵ֎Ї୯ϣѦਓ࠼ډೖǴԾ 2012 ԃଆܭᢀӀࢲ୏ံշϦ֋Ϸ ཥᆪዺύၩܴǴΥӧᒗޜᒤ౛ϐᢀӀࢲ୏ஒᓬӃ๏ϒံշǴаႴᓰ҇໔ൂՏܭᒗޜӦ୔

ᒤ౛ࢲ୏Ƕ

Βǵ2010 ԃಃ 2 යᢀӀࢲ୏ံշЕ࢐ᢀӀૡ༜ޗ୔ว৖ڐ཮ܭ 11 Д 1 ВԿ 30 Вᒤ౛

Ȩᆵчࡕ޸༜-ᒗޜ॥໦ૡ౼ȩࢲ୏Ǵᗎፎ҇౲ٰ፩ుࡋեᅹޑᒗޜਓၯǴుڅᡏᡍᒗ ޜΓЎǵғᄊᆶ੝Յౢ཰ϐऍǶ

Οǵ2014 ԃಃ 1 යᢀӀࢲ୏ံշύ๮҇୯୯ሞၮ୏ᆸᗂว৖ڐ཮ܭ 2 Д 23 ВԿ 28 В ᒤ౛Ȩ2014 ᆵч୯኱ᆸۑ-ᆸངი༝ၯᒗޜȩࢲ୏ǴځύջӼ௨ᒗޜᡏᡍၯำǴᡣᒧЋǵ ຑቩϷځ౱ឦᕕှᆵчᒗޜૡЎϯǶ

12 ୖу୯ϣѦਓ৖ ؂ԃ٩ᏵӚ୯ϣѦਓ৖Ϸ཮৖஑ਢ৖ЬᚒǴஒᒗᢑǵᒗޜǵᒗᅜયΕࢲ୏ೕჄǴ೸ၸӚ

৖౦཰่࿉ǵ᝼ᚒ܄Ϧᜢࢲ୏ǵ৖൑ࢲ୏ǵ৖൑೛ीթ࿼ϷЎ࠹วଌ฻Ǵ௢ቶΟᒗǶ

ၗ਑ٰྍ:ҁࣴز᏾౛

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߄ 2-10 Ѡчѱࡹ۬ᢀӀ໺ኞֽࡰࠄ৐Ӛቼڂࢲ୏࠹໺΋ំ߄

ԃࡋ ࢲ୏Ӝᆀ ࠹໺ϣ৒ᇥܴ

2010 ᒗޜӦ୔ׯ೷ǵᢀӀ ඳᗺᓬϯ

ᆵчฝт:

1 ӧ 2010 ԃ 4 Д(207 ය)тฦȨᒗޜऍඳ֎නǵΓዊ୘ᐒӆ౜ȩǴϟಏᒗޜᢑ

ًຼᜐඳᗺǴхࡴࡰࠄ৐ǵ஭ଐ֮ૡৣइۺᓔǵΟ቞ҡૡ൙റނᓔǵᓬΓઓႴ ξ΢ቃ൑฻ΓЎඳᗺǶ

2 ӧ 2010 ԃ 7 Д(510 ය)тฦȨࠔૢǵණ؁ډξ΢ᗍଔহϺޑ॥ȩǴϟಏᒗᢑ

ࡰࠄ৐ઠБߡ҇౲ډࡰࠄ৐΋ၯǴ٠ϟಏࡰࠄ৐ޘںϐઓֈࢰᇯᆶຼᜐᕉნǶ 2011 ཥࡾ໒ၮࣹᅽ ᆒறᆵч:

2011 ԃ 12 ДԿ 2012 ԃ 1 Д(24 ය) ȨᓪԃډѠчǴ໒ၮࣹᅽၸӳԃȩ:ϟಏՏ ӧᒗޜᢑًޑࡰࠄ৐ઠǴ೹ԃၸ࿯፾ӝᚂৎࣹᅽ؃଄Ǵࢂډᒗޜࠔૢǵ፞ඳǵ ᅐ؁؁ၰޑന٫ѐೀǶ

2011 ࡰࠄ৐ַՙࡆ։ԋ ၰ 1131 ຼԃ

ᆵчਓၯᆛܭനཥ੃৲୔тၩ࠹໺Ƕ

2012 ཥࡾ໒ၮࣹᅽ Discovery Taipei:

2012 ԃ 1 Կ 2 Д(87 ය)ȨTaipei Spring Prayer and Blessings ToursȩǴϟಏ᠐ޣ

߻۳ࡰࠄ৐ᗺ଄ઓᐩǴ؃଄ᄾᄾٰǶ 2013 ࡰࠄ৐ࡕξׯ೷ࣁ

ང௃ඳᗺ

ᆵчฝт:

102 ԃ 2 Д(541 ය)тฦȨ௃Γ࿣ӦᡂဃӦࡰࠄၯᏨౡᇋᇋȩǴϟಏׯ೷ࡰࠄ৐

ࡕξࣁᠰΓѳѠǵ࠷ጔጕЕළၰǵ⎍݆ДাශǵӕЈᙹ฻ඳᗺǴஒ໺ᇥύޑ௃

Γ࿣ӦᡂဃӦǶ ᆒறᆵч:

2013 ԃ 12 ДԿ 2014 ԃ 1 Д(36 ය)тฦȨRoute2 Е࢐ᒗޜפ༝вǵࠔૡ३ȩ ࡌ᝼ၯำǴ௢⬣ᆵчѱҥ୏ނ༜ǵᒗޜᢑًǵࡰࠄ৐аϷᒗޜޑၡጕǴځύ௢

ᙚࡰࠄ৐ࣁȨ௃Γᢀඳऊ཮യӦȩǶ Ƞ፪ǶᆵчȡᢀӀᙁϟ:

ϟಏฦଯԿࡰࠄ৐Ǵё౶ఈᆵч॥ӀǴڬᜐѺ೷ࣁ௃ΓയӦǴᠰΓёᡣང௃ౡ ᇋуྕǴ٠ܭӦᗺύ኱ҢځՏ࿼Ƕ

2014 ᒗޜᢑً௢рࡰࠄ

৐ߥ׈ Hello Kitty

ᆵчฝт:

2014 ԃ 2 Д(553 ය)тฦȨёངค࿾ऑքԖ౛ᆵч๴ᙌΒДϺȩǴӧၯำύග Ϸᒗޜᢑً௢рȨࡰࠄ৐ߥ׈ Hello KittyȩǶ

2014 ࡰࠄ৐᏾ᡏ࠹໺ Discovery Taipei:

2014 ԃ 1 Կ 2 Д(99 ය)ȨThe Beauty of Taipei’sȩǴϟಏᆵчѱӚεቴӹǴځύ хࡴࡰࠄ৐ޘںֈࢰᇯϷࡌᑐ੝ՅǶ

ၗ਑ٰྍ:ҁࣴز᏾౛

ᗨฅᆵчѱࡹ۬࣬ᜢൂՏၸѐӧ௢ቶᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀૡ཰ς࿶Ԗፏӭ௛ࡼǴฅ ԶӭаᇶᏤૡၭගܹࠔ፦Ǵ܈மፓ൞ᡏ࠹໺Ǵ٠҂ଞჹౢ཰ว৖Ԗ΋ठ܄ǵЪߏ ᇻޑೕჄǶ᝽ӵೖୢЕ࢐୔ၭ཮࣬ᜢ཰୍܍ᒤΓ঩ǴёаᘜયჹܭᢀӀૡ཰ޑว

৖ԖΠӈ౟ᓍǴࠅόڙ࣬ᜢൂՏख़ຎǶ

΋ǵӢڙज़ݤೕǴဎӦλǴౢ཰คݤݙΕཥՈǴҭคཥᗲགǴࡺคݤ࡭ុ֎Їၯ

࠼ӭԛ೷ೖǶ۫ৎමϸࢀ׆ఈᢀ໺ֽ௢ᙚᒗޜӦ୔ࣁख़ᗺਓၯඳᗺϐڐշ ѦǴᔈԖځд࣬ᜢଛ঺௛ࡼǶࡌ᝼௦மਗ਼ࡺ٣ՉᎍϷᆫပ۫य़ޑՉᎍኳԄǶ ΒǵᗨԖεࠠ೛ࡼЪ࡭ុࡌ೛ǴՠλࠠຠЈϦӅ೛ࡼલЮǴ೷ԋၯ࠼όБߡགε

ቚǶ౜ՉၰၡቨࡋόىǴቹៜΓًӼӄǴࡌ᝼Γًϩၰ٠ܗቨǴќᔈቚ೛ଶ

ً൑Ƕ

ΟǵӢၸӭβӦౢ៾ӅԖǵ࡭ϩ܈คݤֹԋᝩ܍ǴЪΨԖӢᝩ܍ϐݾǴ೚ӭۚ҇

คݤი่ӝբࣁޗ୔рΚǶࡺόܰ᏾ӝǴሡाࡹ۬ϟΕᇶᏤǶ

Ѥǵ୔ୱϣਓ۫όىǴᜤазᢀӀ࠼ߏਔȐԿϿъϺ܈΋Ϻа΢ȑᎫىǴࡌ᝼ೕ

Ⴤਓ۫ҔӦǴᡣᢀӀ࠼ёӧԜၸڹ੃຤Ƕ

ϖǵڐշ۫ৎ׎༟੝ՅǴ٠ᇶᏤׯ຾࿶ᔼᆅ౛ǵ୘཰хးǴޜ໔ᘍ೛ϷΓ঩ϐܺ

୍ᘶ࿯฻Ƕ

ќѦ҇ࡹֽЎξ୔Ϧ܌ΨගраΠୢᚒǺ

΋ǵ៓ᢀॣૡԖᐱ੝܄ǴՠਓၯඳᗺόڀԖ੝ਸ܄Ǵၯ࠼ӆٰၯࡋեǶ Βǵඳᗺޑ੮࠼ࡋਔ໔ϼอߦǴคݤ଺ၨߏਔ໔ޑుࡋਓၯǶ

Οǵክᐋ؁ၰඳᗺᆶ୘۫ຯᚆϼᇻǴคݤЇр୘ᐒǶค൵܌ёҔǴ੮࠼ࡋեǶ ѤǵᒗޜᢑًઠډӚඳᗺǴΓً҂ϩၰǴਓ࠼Ӽӄ܄եǶ

ϖǵӚඳᗺҬ೯ᆛȐӵ؁ၰȑᖄ่ࡋόىǴ೷ԋᏱ༞Ƕ Ϥǵᓓ໯۫ӕ፦ϼଯǴ೷ԋӕ཰ᝡݾǴफ़եਓၯࠔ፦Ƕ Ύǵၭ׸ғࢲᡏᡍȐӵᇙૡ DIYȑࢲ୏ԏ຤ϼଯǶ

ᢀ໺ֽමᗎፎਓՉ཰ޣԿᒗޜ፰ጕǴ٠ளډᜤа֎Їი࠼ԿᒗޜᢀӀϐୢ

ဎӦၨλǴଶًޜ໔Ԗज़ǴόճၯំًՉᎭϷଶܫǹიᡏ࠼௨໗མᒗᢑ຤ਔǴᏤ ၯ஥იόБߡǹΞӢᒗᢑܰڙϺ਻ቹៜԶଶᎭǴࡺ཰ޣၨϿ೛ीᒗޜၯำǹᒗޜ คၨεࠠޑइۺࠔύЈٮၯ࠼௦ວ฻Ƕ

ᆕӝ߻ॊόӕᐒᄬޑཀـǴёаว౜ᒗޜӦ୔ᢀӀૡ཰ޑว৖౟ᓍǴନΑӦ

౛చҹज़ڋว৖ޜ໔Ǵ׳ख़ाޑࢂόૈᆒྗඓඝࡽԖౢ཰੝ՅǴ٠Ъᑼӝځдϡ નǴ᝽ӵЎϯϡનǴബ೷ബཥౢࠔ܌ठǶҁЎᔕаᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢࣁ୷ᘵǴࣁᒗޜӦ

୔ᢀӀૡ཰೛ीϣ৒׳ᙦ൤Զֹ᏾ϐᢀӀᙔკǶ

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ಃୖക ࣬ᜢЎ᝘᏾౛ᆶӣ៝

ૡ཰ନΑڀԖૡ༜ඳᢀǵᗋԖ੝ՅૡᇙբϷࠔ᠘฻Ўϯϣ఼Ǵ೿ёаᡣਓၯ ޣୖᆶ(ᡏᡍǴexperience)Ǵ཰ޣᙖԜᕇڗଯߕуሽॶǴ٠ගଯځख़ፄ੃຤ᓎ౗Ƕ ᢀӀ܈Ҷ໕࿶ᔼޣό໻ගٮౢࠔǴ׳ाගٮᆸᆵ( stage)ᡣ੃຤ޣઠӧ΢य़ᒃԾ೸

ၸᡏᡍԶளډଯᅈىགǶҗܭᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢ࿶தаЎϯࣁ୷ҁाનǴќѦǴ҉ុว

৖ཷۺ׳ࢂଓ؃࿶ᔮᆶᕉნޑѳᑽᗺǴӢԜҁകӃϟಏᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢޑ୷ҁ౛ፕा

નǴځԛϩ݋ၭ཰Ўϯౢ཰ϯޑϣ఼Ǵനࡕ᏾౛҉ុᢀӀޑۓကᆶว৖֚ᜤǶ

ಃ΋࿯ġ ᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢཷा

ΜΐШइπ཰ॠڮၮҔᐒᏔεໆғౢǴ٬ΓᜪԖૈΚа׳ߡەޑԋҁᕇளӚ ᅿ୘ࠔǶа۳ѝԖ຦௼(܈൤ျ)໘ቫёаᏧᙖȨ੃຤ȩբࣁࣀᝬᆶᝡݾޑπڀǴ ᒿ๱ѳ҇໘ቫ࿶ᔮჴΚϐಕᑈǴ຦௼(܈൤ျ)໘ቫϐ៾༈೴ᅌ೏ґှǶ྽ޗ཮ޑ

؂ঁ໘ቫ೿ԖૈΚ੃຤Ǵջж߄Ȩ੃຤ȩޗ཮ޑٰᖏ(Corrigan, 1997)ǶᏃᆅӵԜǴ

੃຤Κ(җ܌ளǵ଄൤܌Ѝኖ)ϝฅࢂޗ཮ύന৒ܰࡌҥঁΓȨޗ཮ӦՏȩޑЋࢤǶ

ၨଯ໘ቫޑғࢲБԄததࢂၨե໘ቫኳүϐჹຝǴၨଯ໘ቫ௼ဂߡѸ໪࡭ុόᘐ ӦׯᡂғࢲБԄǴаߥ࡭ৡ౦ޑຯᚆ܈сᡉ៾Κޑᓬ౦Ƕ྽΋ঁޗ཮ޑ࿶ᔮว৖

ำࡋຫଯǴӄ҇֡෰ఈ׳ଯޑғࢲࠔ፦ǴԾฅߦԋౢ཰ϲભǶPine &Gilmore(1999) ගрᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢ౛ፕ(experience economy theory)Ǵࡰрౢࠔ࿶ᔮሽॶ(the

progression of economic value)வȨ๧ڗ߃ભౢࠔȩ(extract commodities)ǵȨᇙ೷

୘ࠔȩ(make goods)ǵȨ໺ሀ୍ܺȩ(deliver services)΋ޔډȨ߄ᄽᡏᡍȩ(stage experiences)Ǵӵკ 3-1Ƕӕਔ΋ঁ࿶ᔮᡏޑౢ཰ख़Ј཮வၭ཰࿶ᔮ(commodities)ǵ ᇙ೷࿶ᔮ(goods)ǵ୍ܺ࿶ᔮ(services)ǴനࡕᗌΕᡏᡍ࿶ᔮ(experiences)Ƕ੃຤ޣ җၭౢࠔҁيᕇளᅈىǹπ཰ౢࠔафૈڗയǹ୍ܺ཰ޣӢ៝࠼όӕሡ؃ԶᆒЈ ගٮނຬ܌ॶޑਏ੻ǹӧᡏᡍ࿶ਔжǴ཰ޣѺ೷ᆸѠᡣ੃຤ޣ΢ѠᄽрǴ੮Πᒿ

ਔёаӸڗޑऍӳ૶ᏫǶ྽୯ϣΓ֡ғౢЛᚐ࡭ុቚуǴѠ᡼࿶ᔮЬᡏ೴ᅌරӛ ς໒ว୯ৎ׎ᄊᙯࠠਔǴᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢஒԋࣁѠ᡼ޑ࿶ᔮࠠᄊǶ

კ 3-1 ࿶ᔮሽॶޑᄽ຾(ၗ਑ٰྍǺPine & GilmoreǴ1999)

Pine &Gilmore(1999)ΨਥᏵ੃຤ޣୖᆶำࡋ(participation)ᆶᕉნᜢೱ܄

Ȑenvironmental relationshipȑගр 4 ᜪᡏᡍᜪࠠ/୯ࡋ(regim)Ǻু኷܄ᡏᡍ (entertainment)ǵ௲ػ܄ᡏᡍ(educational)ǵಥᚆ౜ჴ܄ᡏᡍ(escapist)аϷ୤ऍ܄

ᡏᡍ(esthetic)Ǵӵკ 3-2 ܌ҢǶ੃຤ޣୖᆶࡋٿεཱུᆄǺ΋ࣁ੃ཱུ਒ᢀ(passive participation)ǵόགྷޔௗቹៜᡏᡍޑ่݀Ǵӵॣ኷཮ޑᢀ౲ǹќ΋ᆄ߾ࢂᑈཱུബ

೷ঁΓ࿶ᡍ(active participation)Ǵӵדᜫ΢൑྽៥ೌշЋޑᢀ౲Ƕᕉნᜢೱ܄ࡰ

ޑࢂ੃຤ޣȨ֎ԏ(absorption)ȩ࿶ᡍǴӵӧৎᢀ࣮௖ᓀ܄ႝຎ࿯Ҟǹ܈ࢂ੃຤ޣ Ȩ؈੆(immersion)ȩӧ࿶ᡍύǴ᝽ӵډЬᚒ኷༜ވ຀ᔕჴნၯᔍǶু኷܄ᡏᡍࢂ

ᡣ੃຤ޣ੃ཱུӦ֎ԏ࿶ᡍǴ௲ػ܄ᡏᡍᡣ੃຤ޣᑈཱུୖᆶа֎ԏ࿶ᡍǴಥᚆ౜ჴ

߄ᄽ!

ᡏᡍ!

ᇙ೷!

୘ࠔ!

໺ሀ!

୍ܺ!

ৡ౦܄!

คৡ౦܄!

ౢࠔ੝ቻ!

ѱሽ! ሽ਱! ྈሽ!

๧ڗ!

߃ભౢࠔ!

؇੆ӧ࿶ᡍύǶᙁقϐǴু኷܄ᡏᡍ:གྷाགڙ(want to sense)ǵ௲ػ܄ᡏᡍ:གྷा

Ꮲ(want to learn)ǵಥᚆ౜ჴ܄ᡏᡍ:གྷा଺(want to do)аϷ୤ऍ܄ᡏᡍ:གྷाӧ౜

൑(want to be there)Ƕ

კ 3-2 ᡏᡍᜪࠠ(ၗ਑ٰྍǺPine & GilmoreǴ1999)

Oh et al. (2007) ࣴز҇எၯ࠼Ǵว౜୤ऍ܄ᡏᡍёԖਏගܹ҇எၯ࠼ޑՐஎ ᅈཀࡋǶHosany &Witham(2010)ࣴزၯ፺ၯ࠼Ǵளр่ፕǺু኷܄ᡏᡍᆶ୤ऍ܄

ᡏᡍёԖਏߦ຾ၯ࠼ᅈཀࡋǴ׳຾΋؁཮ගܹၯ࠼ޑ௢ᙚཀკ (intention to recommend)Ƕᇛ᜽࿷฻(2007)ϩ݋҇எ੃຤ޣᆶᡏᡍϣ৒ϐᜢೱ܄Ƕ؇຾ԋǵླྀ

⍌ฐ(2007)аቆ෫ξШࣚЦηε໭۫ࣁٯǴ௖૸៝࠼ᡏᡍჹ୘ࠔࠔจ៾੻ϐቹ ៜǶ΢ॊࣴز೿ᡉҢǴᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢ೴ᅌԋࣁ࿶ᔮЬࢬǴ੝ձࢂӧᢀӀᆶҶ໕ౢ཰Ƕ

ӧᡏᡍ࿶ᔮਔжǴՉᎍນ؃ޑख़ᗺӧܭബ೷ჹܭ੃຤ޣԖሽॶޑᡏᡍǴԶό ѝࢂౢࠔ܈୍ܺޑගٮԶςǴSchmitt(1999a, 1999b)ࡌ᝼уம៝࠼ᡏᡍёаமϯ ࠔจޑሽॶǶӢԜǴΑှᆶගٮ៝࠼ӚᅿᡏᡍǴϷځჹࠔจ៾੻ޑቹៜǴჹܭҾ

཰ࡌᄬ៝࠼ᆶࠔจޑᜢ߯࣬྽ख़ा(Turner, 2001)ǶࣁΑ೛ीᡏᡍǴѸ໪Αှ੃຤

ޣՉࣁǴωૈ҅ዴೕჄౢࠔϣ৒(Addis & Holbrook,2001)ǶSchmitt et al.(2004)ࡰ

Ь୏ୖᆶ!

Bdujwf!!

Qbsujdjqbujpo!

Immersion ؈੆!

Bctpsqujpo ֎ԏ!

௲ػ܄!

Fevdbujpobm!

೏୏ୖᆶ!

Qbttjwf!!

Qbsujdjqbujpo!

ু኷!

Foufsubjonfou!

ಥᚆ౜ჴ܄!

Ftdbqjtu!

୤ऍ܄!

Ftuifujd!

рᡏᡍ࿶ᔮޑว৖ኳԄࢂᙖҗᡏᡍϐౢࠔᆶ୍ܺೱ่ٮ๏ޣᆶሡ؃ޣǴᕵుಒᑨ ۶Ԝϐᇡ᛽ᆶݒ፞ޑჹ၉ၸำǶᡏᡍ࿶ᔮς࿶ᅌᅌԋࣁӄౚޑᖿ༈ǴᔈҔӧ೚ӭ

࿶ᔮ೽ߐǴӵ႟୧ǵਓၯǵࢲ୏Չᎍǵ୽ٴࠔՉᎍ฻ǴԋࣁȨค܌όӧȩޑ౜ຝǶ

Willits ȿ Luloff (1995)ᇡࣁ΋૓҇౲ჹၭ׸ޑཀຝǴ೽ҽٰԾғڮڬයޑ ғࢲ࿶ᡍǵғڮ૶Ꮻ܈ࢂໂཆޑӢનǴӢԜǴၭ׸൑ୱਓၯࢲ୏р౜ܭ 17 Шइ ኻࢪǴаᏢಞࣁҞޑϐ֧ၯ(grand tour)׎ԄǶќѦࠤѱۚ҇ჹܭၭ׸ᛥୗဓլޑ ኆኊǴΨࢂ֎Їόӕԋߏङඳϐ҇౲ୖᆶҶ໕ၭ཰ϐख़ाচӢǶLong & Lane (2000)߾ᇡࣁҶ໕ၭ཰ޑȨౢࠔᆶ୍ܺȩሽॶǴӧܭᡣၭ׸ᆶਓၯޣౢғϕ୏ޑ ᜢ߯Ƕ

٩Ᏽך୯ၭ཰ว৖చٯȐಃΟచಃϖීǴӄ୯ݤೕၗ਑৤ȑǴҶ໕ၭ཰߯ࡰ

ȨճҔҖ༜ඳᢀǵԾฅғᄊϷᕉნၗྍǴ่ӝၭ݅ᅕށғౢǵၭ཰࿶ᔼࢲ୏ǵၭ

׸ЎϯϷၭৎғࢲǴගٮ୯҇Ҷ໕ǵቚ຾୯҇ჹၭ཰Ϸၭ׸ϐᡏᡍࣁҞޑϐၭ཰

࿶ᔼȩǶҶ໕ၭ཰୔Ўϯᡏᡍࢲ୏ཷۺЬाٰԾܭ൨ᝊࢲ୏ǴࢂஒҶ໕ၭ཰୔ϣ ᏱԖޑၗྍ଺ӄय़܄ޑ༼᏾Ǵ٠ஒ܌༼᏾ޑၗྍ٩ΓǵЎǵౢǵӦǵඳ฻ϖঁᄬ य़଺ϩᜪǴ٠೛ीᡏᡍЋнޑᚒҞǶӢԜǴ࿶җЎϯᡏᡍࢲ୏ё٬ၯ࠼ᡏᡍၭ׸

ғࢲϷΑှၭ཰࿶ᔼࢲ୏Ǵ٠ჹ྽ӦޑΓЎᐕўᆶԾฅғᄊၗྍԖ׳ుޑΑှǶ ෯۩޹฻(2004)ჴ᛾ࣴزว౜Ǵၯ࠼ୖᆶҶ໕ၭ཰ޑЈ౛௃གǴ٩ׇԖǺ๤ᄣǵ ᇸ᚞ԾӧǵඍזǵѳᓉаϷӣᏫ฻ǹԶჹܭၭ׸ჴ፦ᕉნౢғޑᇡޕǴ٩ׇࣁǺ ᐆჴǵҖ༜॥ӀǵғᄊԾฅǵޜ਻మཥаϷ਻ং๤፾฻Ƕഋࡿ॔Ȑ2005ȑࡰрҶ ໕ၭ཰߯΋ᅿ่ӝၭ཰ᆶ୍ܺ཰ޑၭҾ཰Ǵځว৖߯୷ܭӭҞ኱фૈޑࡹ฼Ǵࡰ

рڀ࿶ᔮǵޗ཮ǵ௲ػǵᕉߥǵၯᏨǵᙴᕍаϷЎϯ໺܍฻ΎεфૈǶ

Holak ȿ Havlena (1998)ᇡࣁᚶᙑࢂྍԾܭჹᙑԖ٣ނޑୃӳԶౢғޑ΋

ᅿག᝺ǵ௃ᆣ܈਻ݗǴ΢ॊᢀᗺߡஒҶ໕ၭ཰ᆶᚶᙑᡏᡍೱ่ǶමӀ๮฻(2004)

ΠǴ٦ڙ΋፩ޕ܄ᆶག܄ঋڀޑਓၯǴΨ൩ࢂᇥᚶᙑᡏᡍࢂ΋ᅿਓၯҞޑӦᆶၯ

࠼ϐ໔ೱ่੿ჴޑǵག௃ޑᜢ߯Ƕၭ཰ౢ཰ЎϯࣁҶ໕ၭ཰ϐਡЈၗྍǴନΑё аᙖҶ໕ၭ൑ӭϡᡏᡍࢲ୏ቚуၯ࠼ޑᅈىགǴၭ཰੝ձڀԖϐ໺಍܄Ǵ܌ᔼ೷

рٰϐᚶᙑݗൎǴ׳ૈᡣჴ፬ಥᚆ౜ჴޑයࡑ(஭ֻࡹǴ2013)Ƕ

ჹ੃຤ޣԶقǴനᙦ൤ޑᡏᡍᔈ၀х֖܌Ԗ׎ԄޑᡏᡍǴՠࢂᡏᡍ཰ޣज़ܭ

࠼ᢀచҹǴ۳۳ѝૈගٮ΋ǵٿᅿᡏᡍǴӢԜӧ೛ीᡏᡍϣ৒ȐࡌҥᆸѠȑਔǴ ёаଞჹаΠୢᚒࡘԵ (Pine & Gilmore, 1999, pp.39-40) Ƕু኷܄ᡏᡍޑ੃຤ޣ

೏୏ୖᆶǴჹܭᡏᡍϣ৒܈೚໻໻аઢ৒ǵႴඓӣᔈǴाᡣдॺӧགڙϐѦᗋᜫ ཀȨଶ੮׳ߏޑਔ໔ȩǴ൩Ѹ໪೛ी׳Ԗ፪ޑᆸѠࢲ୏Ƕ௲ػ܄ᡏᡍගٮ੃຤ޣ Ꮲಞǵޕ᛽Ǵҗܭၸำύ੃຤ޣ཮ᑈཱུୖᆶǴӢԜѸ໪׳ᙦ൤ޑޕ᛽ϣ৒Ǵᡣ੃

຤ޣ׳ԖཀᜫᏢಞǵᕇڗཥޕǶಥᚆ౜ჴ܄ᡏᡍޑ੃຤ޣགྷा଺ǴᆸѠѸ໪೛ी

ޑ׳ቨ׳ቶǴᡣ੃຤ޣԖ׳ӭёаᑈཱུЬ୏ୖᆶബ೷࿶ᡍޑᐒ཮Ƕ୤ऍ܄ᡏᡍޑ

੃຤ޣ཮وډ΢ᆸѠǵࣗԿӧᆸѠ΢֤΋֤ǵ໕೻Ǵ཰ޣѸ໪ஒᆸѠ೛ीޑ׳Ԗ

֎ЇΚǴёаဦє੃຤ޣ߻ٰǶ

٩ᏵഋځࠄȐ2000ȑჹЎϯౢ཰ޑှញǴԶЪว৖ӦБЎϯౢ཰ᗦ֖ᐕў܄ǵ ғࢲ܄ǵޗ཮܄ǵᐱ੝܄аϷ࿶ᔮ܄฻ཀကᆶሽॶȐђەᡫǴ2005ȑǴ೛ीȨಥ ᚆ౜ჴ܄ᡏᡍȩᔈ၀ёаբࣁᇻำҞ኱ǴӢࣁว৖Ўϯౢ཰ޑനಖҞޑࢂᡣၯ࠼

ԋࣁۚ҇ޑ΋ҽηǴ྽ၯ࠼ୖᆶᇙբૡယԋࠔǴԾฅჹ྽Ӧౢғᇡӕ٠Ъᜫཀᑼ ΕځύǶᙁقϐǴ྽ӧӦۚ҇ᇡӕᐕўЎϯ໺܍ޑख़ा܄ǴᜫཀճҔ٠ගٮځғ ࢲǵҶ໕ޜ໔ǴᙖҗӦୱ੝ਸ܄ว৖раᡏᡍࣁ୷ᘵϐЎϯౢ཰Ǵߡёаගٮ҉

ុԋߏޑ࿶ᔮ୏ΚǴόՠᅈىӦБۚ҇ғࢲޑ๤፾ࡋǵӕਔΨӧܭ֎Ї׳ӭΓᜫ ཀډӦБٰۚՐǵೖୢکࢲ୏Ƕ

Ivanovic(2008)ᇡࣁٮ๏य़ϐӧӦۚ҇аϷሡ؃य़ϐၯ࠼ٿᜐ֡ࣁЬᡏǴҶ ໕ၭ཰ό໻ᡣၯ࠼ᕕှϩ٦྽Ӧϐၭ཰ౢ཰ЎϯǴӕਔǴҭᡣ྽Ӧၭ҇ख़ཥᇡ

᛽ǵว౜܌ᏱԖޑ཰ౢ཰ЎϯǴ٬ᚈБၲډౢғᏢಞаϷୖᆶϐՉ୏Ƕ΢ॊᇥݤǴ ϸ ᔈ Α Һ Ֆ ΋ ೀ ၭ ׸ ൑ ୱ ڀ Ԗ ځ ό ё ඹ ж ϐ ੿ ჴ ܄ (authentic) ᆶ ᐱ ੝ ܄ (unique)Ƕԋϲሱ฻(2005)߾ᇡࣁҶ໕ၭ཰ϐ੝ᗺک፤ᗺਥܭӦБ܄Ƕჹྣ౜Ϟޗ

཮܈Ӣࡕ౜жޑϸࡘǴၯ࠼ନΑଓ؃εξεНϐਓၯඳᗺǴҭр౜ଓ؃Вதғࢲ ύಒᑨޑǵ፪ښޑӦБᡏᡍሡ؃Ǵջၭ׸ਓၯ൑ୱύޑҶ໕ၭ཰ගٮΑ΋ঁᐱ੝

ޑਓၯᡏᡍǴᇥܴҶ໕ၭ཰ࠨӝుࡋਓၯޑᖿ༈ǶٯӵǴᆵ᡼ၭ׸ਭᅿޑᙂ१բ ނǵ༜᛬բނ܈ࢂᔼᎦߥ଼ޑ੝Ҕ෌ނǴаཥᗲޑ१׷ǵ໺಍໯१ొ໬ນ؃Զ׎

ԋၭ׸኷ࢲǵᄌ१ޑᆘՅਓၯ֎ЇΚǴջӧӦۚ҇཮ஒঁΓၭ׸ғࢲޑ࿶ᡍᆶ૶

ᏫǴ೸ၸബཀ़ғڀᡏϐౢࠔᆶᡏᡍࢲ୏ගٮϩ٦Ƕ

ૡ༜΋૓೿ࢂ٩ξഠඳǴԾฅғᄊᕉნؼӳǶΓॺёаӧᆙ஭ޑࠤѱπբϐ ᎩǴၯᏨܭၭಷૡ༜Ǵᅰ٦ᐚᐚޑૡ༜॥௃ǵࠔᓳ҇໔ऍ१ǵᡏښૡໂЎϯǶќ ѦǴૡ༜ᆶځдඳ୔ǵඳᗺޑόӕϐೀӧܭǴҶ໕ޣᗋૈஹࡖૡ༜ǴᒃЋ௦ᄔཥ ᗲޑૡယǴᆶૡၭϩ٦ԏᛘޑ഻৹ǴϷόԾ᝺ౢғ፞ૡངૡޑЈ౛ǶڀᡏԶقǴ

ু኷܄ᡏᡍЬाගٮૡယޑғނ੝܄ǵԋߏၸำǵౢ཰ว৖ў฻ၗૻ৖ំᆶှ

ᇥǴӵ݀ှᇥ঩αऩᝌݞǵՁᔾጪ޸Ӧቚуϣ৒ޑ፪ښ܄Ǵ܈ࢂᆶЬ୏ᆶ੃຤ޣ Ԗ׳ӭϕ୏Ǵ೿ёаബ೷׳Ԗ፪ޑᡏᡍǹ௲ػ܄ᡏᡍӵගٮᙁൂݰૡ܈ࢂᇙբૡ

཰Ћπޥج฻ DIY ࢲ୏Ǵၸำύᡣ੃຤ޣ׳཮வ֎ԏ࿶ᡍᙯӛ੆ా࿶ᡍǶᡣ੃

຤ޣ׳৒ܰوೖૡ༜ǵᇙૡ൑ǴࣗԿᔼ೷ଶΠٰസ݆ૡޑᕉნǴ೿ࢂ׳Ԗుࡋޑ

୤ऍ܄ᡏᡍǹ੃຤ޣתᄽૡၭୖᆶᇙૡၸำǴឦܭёаᡣಥᚆ౜ჴ܄ᡏᡍ׳ᐟᓰ

੃຤ޣགྷा଺ޑЈᄊǶᒘ҅ࠄǵ᝵໡ඁ(2009)ޑࣴزࡰрǴૡౢ཰Ўϯϣ৒ନΑ ૡౢ཰ғౢ܌़ғޑמೌ܈࿶ᔮࢲ୏ϐѦǴᗋхࡴૡғౢ୔ۚ҇ϐҶ໕ু኷ǵғ ࢲಞ߫ǵ໺಍מ᛬ǵޜ໔ғᄊǵ҇߫ቼڂ฻ӭቫय़ޑࢲ୏Ƕ

ᆕقϐǴҶ໕ၭ཰ς࿶ڀഢว৖ᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢޑ୷ᘵǴЀځၭ཰܌੝Ԗϐ໺಍

ᆶӭϡϯǴ׳৒ܰೕჄԋӚᅿᡏᡍ׎ԄǶԋфޑҶ໕ၭ཰όՠගܹၭৎ܌ளǴё

ନΑڀԖૡ༜ඳᢀǵᗋԖ੝ՅૡᇙբϷࠔ᠘฻Ўϯϣ఼Ǵ೿ёаᡣਓၯޣୖᆶǴ ک੃຤ٰᕇڗᡏᡍޑଯ࿶ᔮߕуሽॶǴ٠ගଯځख़ፄ੃຤ᓎ౗ǶҶ໕ၭ཰࿶ᔼ ޣǴᔈ၀ஒ୘ࠔޑᐒૈ܄(ࠔ፦)ǵ੃຤ޣϐ௃ག܄(ঁ܄)ࣗԿޗ཮܄(يҽӦՏ)

฻Ǵ፾྽่ӝ٠Ъ೛ीᑼΕډౢࠔύǶஒၭ཰ҁيΨࢂࣁ୘ࠔޑ΋೽ϩǴ߾ځന ख़ाޑᐒૈ܄ߡࢂς࿶ుుϣϯϐЎϯϡનǶ

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ಃΒ࿯!!ၭ཰Ўϯᆶౢ཰ϯ!

ЎϯΏࡰΓᜪဂᡏࣁ፾ᔈᕉნǴҗ࿶ᡍ܌ಕᑈޑ੝ۓӢᔈБԄǴЬा׎ԋޑ

ाનࢂΓᜪ܌ೀԾฅᕉნک܌ҔޑᒉғБݤ(ླྀᔌࡾǴ1968)Ƕך୯аၭҥ୯Ǵၭ

׸࿶ᔮว৖ᆢᛠ๱ޗ཮Ӽۓᆶ࿶ᔮᕷᄪǴྍᇻࢬߏޑЎϯ໺಍ᆶၭ཰ว৖׳ࢂ৲

৲࣬ᜢǶၭ཰ϐόӕܭځдϐౢ཰܈୘཰ຩܰǴӧܭѬࢂ΋෌ਥܭβᝆǴΚ؃ځ ғғό৲ޑബ೷܄ࢲ୏ԶᄬԋޑՉ཰Ƕၭ཰ޑғౢࢲ୏Ǵ٬Γॺ࿶җമ୏Զ٬ځ ғڮᆶϺӦೱ่ࣁ΋ᡏǴکӹۖ೯ᖂ৲ǴҶ௏ᆶӅǶԴηȠၰቺ࿶ȡ܌ᇥ:ȨΓ ݤӦǴӦݤϺǴϺݤၰǴၰݤԾฅȩ҅ᡉҢ೭ᅿВрԶբǵВပԶ৲ޑӼᏨᆶک ᖶǶ໳ߪണȐ1988ȑவ࿶ᔮǵޗ཮ǵࡹݯаϷࡘགྷ฻όӕቫय़Ǵࡰрዿբၭ཰ӧ

໺಍ύ୯Ўϯޑख़ा܄Ƕவ࿶ᔮय़ԶقǴȨࡾહǵহસǵࣿԏǵоᙒȩޑહբኳ ԄǴుుቹៜ΋૓ԭۉޑВதғࢲբ৲аϷ࿯ቼࢲ୏ǹҗғౢዿբӢᔈว৖ޑឲ

෸೛ࡼǵၭᐒڀ฻࣬ᜢౢ཰Ψԋ൩࿶ᔮว৖Ƕவޗ཮य़௖૸Ǵዿբғౢаৎ৥ࣁ

୷ҁൂՏǴჹܭമ୏Κޑሡ؃਺ϪǴԋࣁεৎ৥ڋࡋදϷޑख़ाচӢǹќ΋໨ख़

ाғౢၗྍ—βӦǴӢځόёᎂ౽܄ǴȨӼβख़ᎂȩԋࣁΓ҇ޑख़ाߞۺԶև౜

рΓαࢬ୏եޑᓉᄊޗ཮੝ቻǶӧࡹݯቫय़Ǵၭ཰ғౢޑ࣬ჹ১༈Ǵᡣ໺಍ࡹݯ ԖȨख़ၭ׭୘ȩޑࡹݯڗӛǶ

Ƞܰ࿶ᛠ໺ȡԖ܌ᒏȨϺՉ଼Ǵ։ηаԾமό৲ȩǵȨӦ༈ڷǴ։ηаࠆቺ

ၩނȩǴ׳మཱᗺрȨΓࢂϺӦϐЈȩǴӧമբޑϕ୏ӝ΋ύǴΓᘏڗԾฅϐᡫ གǴᡉ౜ϺϐғᐒǵӦϐ෶ࠆǴԶΓᕇளΑ΋౛གྷޑሽॶբࣁոΚϐࡰଞǶȨϺ Γӝ΋ȩޑ໺಍ࡘགྷǴаΓᜪࢲ୏ᆶԾฅજׇӸӧکᒋࣁനଯნࣚǴ௖زځਥྍǴ

ၭ཰ғౢѸ໪ڗϐܭԾฅޣϼӭǴࣁΑ҉ុ࿶ᔼǴ઒Ӄॺᡏ౜рჹԾฅޑᓾኀᆶ གᐟϐ௃Ƕҗܭၭ཰ғౢᆶၭ׸ޗ཮ӅғǴၭ҇ޑғࢲ׎ᄊаϷહբБԄǴࣣڙ Ӧ౛ᕉნቹៜǴӢԜӚӦԖόӕౢࠔǴၭ҇Ԗόӕғࢲಞ߫ǴၭްࡌᑐБԄΨό

ᜢǴၭ཰܌х֖ޑЎϯϡનᔈ၀ڀԖӦБ੝ՅǴᆶۚ҇ғࢲ࣬ᜢǴԶЪࢂౢ཰҉

ុว৖ᆶ࡭ុബཥϐ୏ᄊว৖ၸำϐಕᑈȐ஭ֻࡹǴ2006ȑǶ

Ѡ᡼ၭ׸ޑЎϯၗྍ٩܄፦ёа୔ϩࣁԾฅᆶΓЎٿᅿǶԾฅၗྍхࡴǺၭ

હᕉნǵԾฅඳᢀǵࡌᑐނǵഁғ୏෌ނǶΓЎၗྍхࡴǺၭ҇໺܍ᆶബཥϐહ բמೌǵၭ཰ޕ᛽ǴаϷВதғࢲಞᄍǵ҇௃॥߫฻ǶΒԛᏯࡕаၭ཰ࣁ࿶ᔮว

৖୷ᘵǴ܍᠍ύ୯εഌ౽҇ޑඵችǴၭ཰ғౢаዿԯࣁЬǴၭ׸ᆫပүਏመࠄࡌ ᑐǴ҇໔ಞ߫ଛӝዿբғౢၸำԶԖӚᅿ࿯ቼࢲ୏ǴВத໯१Ψаԯ१ࣁЬǶѠ

᡼҇߫ЎϯǴёϩࣁ҇໔ߞһǵྃਔ࿯ቼǵғڮᘶ߫ǵᆶ҇߫מ᛬฻ǶѠ᡼ޑے

௲ߞһ܌ںޘޑઓܴӭၲ 247 ᅿǴЬाޑሺԄӵ຾३ǵቴ཮ǵᙅნǵֺԢତ฻Ƕ Ԗᜢྃਔ࿯ቼ׳ڀ੝ՅǴᒿ๱ԃྃ׳ඹхࡴǺࡾ࿯ǵϡ৑࿯ǵమܴ࿯ǵᆄϱ࿯ǵ ύϡ࿯ǵύࣿ࿯ǵख़໚࿯ǵоԿǵ׀Уǵନδ฻Ǵόӕ࿯ВԖόӕޑж߄܄१ނ ᆶቼઔБԄǶӚ௼ဂޑғڮᘶ߫όᅰ࣬ӕǴՠࢂЬा఼ᇂፍғǵԋԃǵஆ༬ǵ഼

ရ฻Ƕ໺಍҇߫Ћπ᛬ӵᝲ૛܈Ԯηጓᙃǵᇙբરദ܈޸ᐩǵਅរǵ֌ᑗ฻ǹᗋ Ԗูވӵ॥ᆌǵ॥ًǵרႍǵ྇ηǵቸ੧ǵߒᖥǵၢᛣ฻Ƕ໺಍߄ᄽ᛬ೌӵҜቹ ᔍǵѲ೓ᔍǵᄺвᔍǵࠄчᆅǵᆸᓪᆸྰȐഋऍ޹ǵᖴᒴሎǴ2005ȑǶ

Ѡ᡼ၭ཰܈ၭ׸ЎϯЬा܍᠍ύ୯аዿբၭ཰ࣁύЈޑ໺಍Ўϯǹ1950 ԃ жၭ҇࿶ၸβӦׯॠڗளહӦ܌Ԗ៾Ǵ׎ԋჹβӦமਗ਼ޑᇡӕགکа୍ၭࣁғࢲ БԄϐЈᄊǶ1970 ԃжаࡕаዿբࣁЬޑ໺಍ၭ཰೴ᅌԄ༾Ǵаѱ൑ࣁᏤӛǵ аᔼճࣁҞޑޑ౜жၭ཰໒ۈᑫଆǴၭ҇ຎ୍ၭࣁᒉғЋࢤǴβӦᄌᄌ୘ࠔϯǴ

ၭ׸ޗ཮ᆶ໺಍ЎϯΨӧ஝ှύǶฅԶǴ1990 ԃж߃යǴ೿ѱϯਏᔈуೲၭ׸

ޑၭᅕ݅཰ک໺಍π᛬ౢ཰ؒပǶ྽ਔѠ᡼࣪ࡹ۬வВҁፎٰίယεᏢ௲௤৐஘

మǴ໺௤ВҁԖᜢ໺಍Ћπౢ཰ਁᑫޑᢀۺǶ1994 ԃǴՉࡹଣЎϯࡌ೛ہ঩཮

วඦӀε৐஘మޑཷۺගрȨޗ୔ᕴᡏᔼ೷ȩޑαဦǹ1995 ԃǴࡹ۬ࡹ฼໒ۈ р౜ȨЎϯౢ཰ȩޑࡼࡹБଞǴҾკЇᏤѠ᡼ޑ໺಍ౢ཰੎Оख़ғȐΪ୯๮Ǵ

ၸำς࿶җЬفᙯࣁଛفǶᏃᆅӵԜǴၭ཰ϝࢂ҇ғ୷ҁౢ཰Ǵ׳ᆢᛠ๱ၭ׸࿶

ᔮว৖ǴӢԜሡाࡹ۬ଛ঺௛ࡼǴᝩុᆢ࡭ว৖ޜ໔Ƕჹܭၭ཰ୢᚒޑ૸ፕǴ΋

ӛଞჹ่ᄬፓ᏾Ǵځύхࡴ௢୏Ҷ໕ၭ཰ǶՠࢂҶ໕ၭ཰ૈόૈᆀࣁЎϯౢ཰Ǵ ٠ЪԋࣁЇᏤၭ׸࿶ᔮӆғޑОًᓐౢ཰ǴϝሡाਥᏵȨЎϯౢ཰ȩϐۓက၁у

૸ፕ(ጰֻ຾Ǵ2008)Ƕ

໳ߪണȐ2006ȑᕴ่ླྀᔌࡾ௲௤ჹѠ᡼ၭ཰ᆶၭ׸ޗ཮ୢᚒޑБݤፕǴЬा

ԖᐕўᢀаϷ᏾ᡏፕǶᐕўᢀЬ஭ჹၭ׸ޗ཮ޑϩ݋Ѹ໪Ӄඓඝځᐕўϐྍࢬᆶ ᡂᎂǹ᏾ᡏፕǴ߾மፓӧԵቾၭ཰ᆶၭ׸ਔǴѸ໪ᜢݙၭ཰ᆶၭ׸ޑࢌ΋೽ҽȐמ

ೌ຾؁ȑᆶځд೽ϩȐޗ཮ᆶЎϯȑϐԖᐒϕ୏ᜢ߯ǶЇҔླྀ௲௤ޑᢀᗺǴၭ཰

܈ၭ׸Ўϯ҂ٰޑว৖Ѹ໪൧ख़ӭኧΓޑғࢲ࿶ᡍǴ೴ᅌᄽϯԶόૈаॠڮ܄ޑ ЋࢤҾკܴЎೕጄǹҗܭၭ཰ᆶၭ׸ࣁ΋ֹ᏾่ᄬᡏǴЇ຾ࣽמޑၭ཰࿶ᔮԋߏ

཮ჹၭ׸Ўϯౢғख़εፂᔐǴԖѸाϸࡘȨϺΓӝ΋ȩ໺಍ࡘགྷޑख़ा܄Ƕഋځ ࠄȐ2000ȑࡰрȨӦБว৖ᐱ੝ޑЎϯࠠᄊǴᆶӦБ࿶ᔮౢ཰ࢲ୏Ԗஏόёϩޑ ᜢ߯ǶӦБाว৖ԾρޑЎϯᎶΚǴҞޑόѝӧᅈىӦБۚ҇ғࢲޑ๤፾ࡋǵӕ ਔΨӧܭ֎Ї׳ӭΓᜫཀډӦБٰۚՐǵೖୢکࢲ୏ǶԖΓٰω཮ԖΓ਻ǴԖΓ

਻Ծฅ൩཮Ԗౢ཰Ǵ੝ձࢂаΓғࢲࣁҁ፦ޑౢ཰ǶӢԜǴനඵችࠠޑౢ཰ว৖Ǵ ᔈ၀൩ࢂനᆒठޑӦБࠠЎϯౢ཰Ƕȩ

ᑵஜ׼(2008)ࡰрၭ཰ЎϯԖӭ໨੝ቻ:

΋ǵᡏΚമ୏:೭ࢂၸѐғౢ܄ၭ཰࿶ᔼޑ୷ҁచҹǴёࢂ൩ӄ೽ޗ཮҇౲ғࢲ ԶǴԜ໨ࢲ୏ࢂፓک೿ѱΓᝄख़٬ҔတΚک௃ᆣૈໆޑեԋҁၗྍکБݤǶ Βǵඳᢀ᛬ೌ:೭ࢂၭ཰Ўϯޑচۈҁ፦ǴѬፓکΓ೷ඳᢀޑ᛬ೌࠔښǴ٬Γᜪ

ޑऍགૈόֹӄ௓ڋӧϿኧΓᜪޑᐱᘐऍᏢᢀᗺǶӧԾฅඳᢀޑჹྣύǴΓ ᜪૈ׳Ԗᐒ཮வԾฅऍඳύᕇளֹ᏾ޑऍϯݒ፞ғࢲǶ

Οǵғᄊၗྍ:೭ࢂၭ཰Ўϯќ΋໨চۈҁ፦ǴѬፓکԾฅᕉნޑ҉ុว৖ᐒ཮Ǵ

ѤǵԾฅҶ໕:ၭ཰ЎϯᡉҢӭϡޑҶ໕ૈໆǴӧόڀҺՖႣ೛చҹΠǴ܌ԖӚ ᜪޗ཮҇౲ࣣૈޔௗӧၭ཰ᕉნύౢғҶ໕ਏ݀Ƕ

ϖǵڐӕޗ୔:ၭ཰Ўϯϣ֖ᐚࠆޑϩπکڐӕᜢ߯ǴԜ໨ΓЎ੝܄όѝӸӧܭ

ౢ཰ࢲ୏ၸำǴԶЪΨϣϯܭޗ୔ғࢲϕ୏ᜢ߯ύǴ܌аၭ཰Ўϯᆶޗ୔(܈

Ӧୱ)ғࢲࢂӕਥว৖ǴԜ੝፦ک೿ѱЎϯޑঁΓ౧ᚆᜢ߯کπ୘Ўϯޑނϯ ޗဂᜢ߯Ƕ

Ϥǵၭ཰ЎϯচۈૈΚջࢂගٮޗ཮҇౲ᒘаᆢғޑԾฅ१ނǶԜᜪౢނፓکΑ Γπౢނ܌લЮޑԾฅᔼᎦԋϩǴࢂӝЯΓᜪ଼நޑሡ؃Ƕ

ฅԶᢀჸѠ᡼Ҷ໕ၭ཰Ьाࢲ୏໨ҞǴ᝽ӵǺ1.ၭહᡏᡍࢲ୏Ǻவ٣ၭહࢲ

୏ӵකઙǵԏപ฻Ƕ2.ݒ፞ԾฅඳᢀǺዿҖறᛤǵ፞ᜳೠǵਓၯᡶҖǵݨ๼Җǵ

಻޸Җ฻Ƕ3.ഁѦᓳᗲࢲ୏Ǻᑐβጀ੘ӦҐǵᗲ݀௦१฻Ƕ4.ၭ׸ғࢲࢲ୏Ǻ֤

Фًǵਆݝមǵಎዿ૛Γǵ౐ળǵբ⢵฻Ƕ5.҇߫Ўϯࢲ୏Ǻӽቴ߆ઓᖻ཮ǵᙦ ԃ౼฻Ƕ6.ౢ཰Ўϯࢲ୏Ǻҏϔؽ݀࿯ǵཥ঵࢈ሪ࿯ǵΟࢃጳᇁ࿯ǵНٚऍఘۑ

฻(ഋࡿ॔Ǵ2005)ǶჹКȨЎϯౢ཰ȩޑ௶ॊǴҶ໕ၭ཰ࢲ୏ϣ৒Ǵջ٬аЎϯ ࣁӜǴࠅคݤᆒྗև౜΢ॊЎϯ੝ቻǴ੝ձόӕӦ୔ᔈ၀೿ڀ੝ਸޑӦБ܄Ǵӵ

݀όૈ೸ၸᡏᡍǴᡣၯ࠼ᕇڗᜤבϐӣᏫǴ߾ёૈ࿶ᐕ΋ԛޑ࿶ᡍࡕ൩όӆགᑫ

፪Ƕӵ݀ा֎ЇѦᝤΓγୖᆶǴ׳Ѹ໪ाԖֹ᏾ޑှᇥᆶᡏᡍၸำ܈БԄǴхࡴ

٣ࡕ࿶ᡍϩ٦Ǵωૈᡣ੃຤ޣᙖҗుڅᡏᇡǴ຾ԶКၨЎϯৡ౦ǴࣗԿ഻ӳᆶݒ

፞౦୯ЎϯǶҗԜёޕǴ࿶ၸ߈ъШइޑว৖ǴҶ໕ၭ཰ЬाаҶ໕ၭ൑ࣁЬᡏǴ ڙ៿߆ޑౢࠔࡐ৒ܰ೏כ᠍Ǵаठၭ൑໔લЮ੝ՅǶќ΋Бय़Ǵҗܭၭ൑໔Ӹӧ ᝡݾ܄ǴคݤᏉᆫၭ൑܌ӧӦߕ߈ۚ҇ޑӅ᛽Ǵ྽ฅΨό৒ܰ֎Ї׳ӭΓགྷाပ ဌԋࣁޗ୔ύޑ΋ҽηǶҗԜᢀϐǴҞ߻౰ՉޑҶ໕ၭ཰όՠѸाሡाуుౢࠔ ύޑЎϯϡનǴ׳ख़ाޑࢂঁձၭ൑ൂѺᐱରޑБԄܴᡉคݤว৖ԋȨၭ׸Ўϯ

ౢ཰ȩǶ

ᕴ่Ѡ᡼ޑҶ໕ၭ཰ᗨฅጲࠁว৖ǴࠅӢЖલкϩᑼΕЎϯϡનԶคݤᘉε ϣ৒ቶय़ᆶుࡋǶӢԜǴҶ໕ၭ཰ޑว৖ჺჺၶډ౟ᓍǶаૡౢ཰ԶقǴ஽Φޑ ᅿૡᆶ໯ૡᐕўǴࠅ҂මബ೷рӄౚޕӜૡ(໯)ࠔจǴΞԖВҁϐૡၰ஑ऍܭ

߻ǶаᒗޜӦ୔ࣁٯǴЇаࣁ໹ޑ៓ᢀॣаϷ΋Ҙηа΢ૡၭޑғࢲඵች฻Ўϯ ϡનǴऩૈ೸ၸᡏᡍ࿶ᔮᏢޑхးԶౢ཰ϯǴѸૈബ೷ૡၭᆶ੃຤ޣϐϕճֽय़Ƕ

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ಃΟ࿯ ҉ុᢀӀۓကǵว৖֚ᜤᆶምᛖ!

҉ ុ ว ৖ (sustainable development) ྍ Ծ Ш ࣚ ᕉ ნ ว ৖ ಔ ᙃ (World Commission on Environment and Develpment, WCED)1987 ԃޑ΋ҽൔ֋Ǵځᆒઓ ᆶཀ఼ջЬ஭Γࣁޑ໒วᔈӧၗྍளа҉ុޑ߻ගΠ຾ՉǴωૈྍᇻ٬Ҕၗྍ٠ ബ೷ճ੻Ƕஒ҉ុว৖ཷۺၮҔӧਓၯǵҶ໕ౢ཰Ǵ൩ԋࣁȨ҉ុᢀӀ(sustainable tourism)ȩޑҗٰǴՠа WTO ᗄΠϐ World Travel and Tourism Council (1996)܌

ගрϐۓကࢂനදၹௗڙǺȨӧᆢ࡭Ўϯǵғᄊǵғނӭኬ܄ǵғࢲЍ࡭ᡏسΠǴ ӕਔᅈى࿶ᔮǵޗ཮аϷऍᏢ฻ሡ؃ϐၗྍᆅ౛БԄ(Tourism which leads to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems.” )Ƕȩᜪ՟ཷۺޑӜຒхࡴȨᆘՅᢀӀ (green tourism)ȩǵȨեፂᔐᢀӀ(low impact tourism)ȩǵȨೢҺᢀӀ(responsible tourism)ȩǵȨғᄊᢀӀ(ecotourism)ȩ฻(ֺޚܴǴ2000)Ƕ

΋ঁӦ୔ၗྍ/ᕉნࠔ፦Ǵᆶځ࿶ᔮว৖ࢂಞಞ࣬ᜢޑǴ߻ޣࢂࡕޣளаጲ ࠁԋߏޑਥҁǴԶࡕޣว৖ډࢌำࡋ߾཮׭ڋ߻ޣޑࠔ፦Ǵՠऩࡕޣӧว৖ޑၸ ำύჹ߻ޣԖό྽܈ၸࡋޑճҔ߾߻ޣޑ፦ໆ཮࡚ೲΠफ़Ǵ่݀ஒࢂᚈᚈԄ༾Ƕ Yuan & Moiesy(1992)аऍ୯ᆾдٗԀࣁٯǴளޕၯ࠼ε೿ࢂ೏ᓬऍޑ෫ӀξՅ

܌֎ЇǴԶӧਓၯၸำύനзၯ࠼ᅈཀޑӢηΨࢂεԾฅǴӢԜёа௢ፕǴᕇளǺ ᕉნǵ࿶ᔮᆶޗ཮ϐ໔ޑೱ่܄(linkage)ࢂآόёϩപǶ΋ѿ၀Ԁᓬؼޑ෫Ӏξ Յࠔ፦όӆǴ߾ၯ࠼ໆҭஒΠफ़ǴёႣෳஒޔௗፂᔐኧаίीޑ൩཰ΓαᆶӄԀ ޑ࿶ᔮ่ᄬᆶᝡݾΚǴ྽ฅ࿶ᔮୢᚒΞ཮౐ೱډޗ཮ቫय़ǴቹៜϐቃǴёགྷԶޕǶ

Wight(1993)ᇡࣁ҉ុᢀӀᔈ၀х֖๱ӚᅿёаගٮၯᏨᡏᡍޑၗྍ฻Ǵ٠ ЪԵໆѱ൑ሡ؃฻ӢનǴ୤ԖుΕޑΑှёаගٮޑၗྍаϷሡ؃ϐ໔ϕ୏ᜢ

߯Ǵωૈඓඝ҉ុᢀӀޑჴ፦य़ǶEagles(1992)ǵEagle & CascagenetteȐ1995ȑ