常民的被醫療化與抗醫療化：以注意力不足過動症兒童的父母親為例

୯ҥᆵ᡼εᏢϦӅፁғᏢଣ଼நࡹ฼ᆶᆅ౛ࣴز܌

ᅺγፕЎ

Institute of Health Policy and Management College of Public Health

National Taiwan University Master Thesis

த҇ޑ೏ᙴᕍϯᆶלᙴᕍϯǺ

аݙཀΚόىၸ୏ੱٽูޑР҆ᒃࣁٯ

Medicalization and Anti-medicalization in Laypersons:

The Case of Childhood ADHD

໳ୗߙ

Man-Ching Huang

ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻ΍דॣറγ

Advisor: Chih-Yin Lew-Ting, Ph.D.

ύ๮҇୯ 101 ԃ 07 Д

ठ

ठ! ᖴ!

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೭ٿԃǴ׏۵ࢂ΋൑ڻЄਓำǶၸำࡐٌधǴࠅ΋ᗺ೿όภधǶགᖴԴϺྭ

ᕴࢂੵང๱ךǴᡣךޑғڮΨ೚ό໩ၱǴࠅ೿Ԗ຦Γ՜рජЋᆶ፾ਔᏱܤךǶ!

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२ӃǴҗ૱གᖴ೭ 31 Տ҆ᒃᜫཀௗڙೖፋǴуᕴଆٰ 31 ӭঁλਔޑ࣬ೀԋ ࣁךғڮύཱུࣔ຦ޑӣᏫǴΨ٬ךவύԋߏᆶᏢಞǴՠᜫ೭ጇፕЎૈ୼໺ၲрா

ॺٌधΞ଻εޑࡺ٣ǴࣗԿૈӧ೭ঁޗ཮ύᐟଆ٤೚ᅎᅓǶ!

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ځԛǴ߾ࢂགᖴ܌Ԗᔅշך൨פᆶᖄᛠ҆ᒃॺޑӕᏢᆶܻ϶ǵ໚ܴεᏢޑఉ ಹޱԴৣᆶӕᏢॺǵᏢߏۆǵόᘐуݨѺ਻ޑ܌ԖӕᏢǵаϷ܌Ԗ๓ؼޑढ़ғΓ ॺǼ)ϼӭΓΑǼፎჹဦΕ০Ǽ*ڙډӚՏ዗Јᔅշޑག୏ᆶ۩ᅽགǴԿϞ೿҂ම

੃ଏǶᗋԖவࣴز܌ளډനࣔ຦ޑᝊނǺΎиζǴ஭ᡫǵϺ܃ǵไ఼ǵࠧ⯵ǵ๯

นǴаϷךനനന෇ޑუՔࡿཁǶգॺΎঁ٬ךޑࣴز܌ғࢲӭߍӭ࠮ǵ៿ઢό ᘐǶٿԃࡐอǴᆶգॺޑᚆձᕴࢂᡣךӧϱڹფ଑໔ᗦᗦག໾Ǵՠࢂࠧ⯵ᇥ҂ٰ

ाਔதऊ๱ᖱӕ٣ᚯ၉Ǵךགྷ೭ҽག௃ԿϿ཮ۯុډךॺ೿ଏҶǵУᏁ௞Ӏคݤ ᖱΓᚯ၉ࣁЗփǼགᖴգॺഉՔ๱ૄ১ΞᖌλޑךǴᖴᖴգॺǶ!

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നख़ाޑǴࢂाགᖴךޑࡰᏤԴৣ΍דॣԴৣǶךޕၰԾρന߃൩Ԗ೚ӭό ىǴᕴࢂոΚ๱གྷाᕭอᆶԴৣයఈޑຯᚆǴฅԶၸำύୖᚇ๱όϿ༽ർᆶ਋שǴ ࠅ೿ᒿ๱ፕЎֹԋᙯᡂԋΑԋߏǴԶ೭ҽԋዕࢂԴৣ๏ϒךޑǴ੿ޑߚதགᖴԴ

ৣǶӑຝനుڅޑࢂǴࢌԛ nffujoh ΢Դৣ௢ᙚ๏ך΋ՏᏢۊޑፕЎǴԴৣᇥǺȨӴ ቪޑϼӳΑǴ೭ঁؒว߄੿ޑϼёெΑǼȩܭࢂךསԾႴᓰԾρǴԶ೭ҽ୏Κᡣ ךջ٬ຳॹΨૈଭ΢ઠଆٰǴڙ਋ΑΨૈᔔଳ౳ఽ༾ઢаჹǶՠᜫԴৣऩυԃࡕ Ψૈ೭ኬགྷଆךǶ!

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! ৎΓࢂך೭፸η҉ᇻܫӧЈ΢གᖴޑǴ༰༰ޑངᗺᗺᅀᅀคݤᇥᅰǴۊۊᕴ

ࢂૈаၸٰΓޑيϩӼኃ๱ךǴݿݿջ٬ӧ୯Ѧπբϝ௠Ј๱ךǴΨ׆ఈךૈԋ ࣁ׌׌ޑᄦኬᆶॷ᜔Ǵίق࿤ᇟ೿คݤ߄ၲךჹৎΓޑངǴᖴᖴǵᖴᖴǶ!

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നࡕǴךനᒃངޑգǶᖴᖴգٗ΋ѡǺȨόᆅวғϙሶ٣௃ך೿ഉ๱գǼȩǴ

ࢂޑǴգς࿶ᓨᓨഉךوၸϤԃӀ഍Ǵ܍ڙ؂΋ԛךᡋϺ୏Ӧޑ౳ఽǴᏱܤך৒

ܰคշ༽ർޑЈǶךॺᕴࢂϕ࣬ӧ۶Ԝङࡕኖ๱ǴԜਔΞ፺ډךӧգङࡕЍ࡭գǴ

҂ٰךΨ཮ჹգᇥǴȨόᆅวғϙሶ٣௃Ǵך೿ഉ๱գȩǶ!

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ᷕ

ᷕ㔯㐀天

䞼䨞側㘗冯≽㨇烉㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯(Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder炻ẍ ᶳ䯉䧙 ADHD) ⛐冢䀋䘬䚃埴䌯䭬⚵䲬䁢 5%军 12%炻檀㕤⶚攳䘤⚳⭞ˤ忶≽䈡岒

⽆⍇⃰䘬ῷⶖ埴䁢侴⼴廱嬲ㆸᶨ枭姢㕟栆⇍炻᷎ᶼ攳⥳啱䓙慓䗪ṳℍ㍏⇞炻忁ᾳ 忶䦳ὧ㗗慓䗪⊾(Medicalization)㇨㍊妶䘬ˤ⚆栏䎦㚱㔯䌣ᷣ天㍊妶⛐慓䗪⊾䘬㟮㝞 ᶳ慓䗪⮰㤕⤪ỽ槭≽炻⌣⼰暋Ḯ妋ⷠ㮹⤪ỽ䚳⼭慓䗪⊾忶䦳炻䈡⇍㗗⮵㕤㬌忶䦳

ᷕ䘤䓇䘬枮ㅱ冯㈿㉺ˤ

䞼䨞㕡㱽烉㛔䞼䨞䁢岒⿏䞼䨞炻᷎ᶼ⽆ 2011 ⸜ 11 㚰军 2012 ⸜ 6 㚰ẍ㶙⹎姒婯㕡 㱽忚埴屯㕁㓞普ˤ姒婯⮵尉䁢⭞ᷕ㚱䡢姢䁢 ADHD ⃺䪍ᷳ䇞奒ㆾ㭵奒炻ᷣ天䴻䓙 㺦暒䎫㕡⺷⽆䕭⍳⛀橼ˣ㨇㥳ˣ⋼㚫ㆾ␐怕奒⍳䫱⣂⃫䭉忻㍍妠姒婯⮵尉ˤ 䞼䨞䳸㝄烉ᷣ天䳸㝄㚱烉(1)⛐慓䗪⊾⬑䪍忶≽䘬ῷⶖ埴䁢忶䦳ᷕ炻侩ⷓ㈖㺼斄挝 奺刚炻⊭㊔㗗ῷⶖ䘤䎦侭ˣ⯙慓屯妲㍸ὃ侭ˣ㱣䗪䫾䔍⺢嬘侭炻ẍ⍲⬑⫸妨埴䘬 䚋㷔侭ˤ(2)⭞攟炻䈡⇍㗗㭵奒炻㚨⇅栀シ㍍⍿慓䗪⊾㗗䁢㯪冺䶑䔞ᶳ㶟Ḫ䉨㱩ˤ 䃞侴䡢姢⼴炻㈿㉺慓䗪⊾埴䁢昌Ḯ㚜㓡喍䈑∹慷冯㗪攻䘬ᶵ思⽒慓♹ね⼊炻怬㚱

▿娎ἧ䓐℞Ṿ埴䁢ṳℍㆾ㚧ẋ㕡⺷炻᷎朆ℐ䃞㉺䳽慓䗪ㇵ㗗㇨媪䘬㈿慓䗪⊾埴䁢ˤ (3)⮵㕤㭵奒侴妨炻䄏栏忶䦳ᷕ仢᷷䘬䣦㚫屯㸸炻⊭㊔㚱⭞⹕冯䣦㚫䘬㓗㊩冯Ḻ≑ˣ 䄏栏侭借⟜䘬⻰⿏冯䴻㾇墄≑ˣ⬑⫸㇨嗽⬠㟉䑘⠫䘬㓡朑炻ẍ⍲㓡┬慓䗪屯㸸攻 䘬忋䳸⿏冯⎗役⿏ˤ

䳸婾冯⺢嬘烉⮵㕤㑩㚱 ADHD ⬑䪍ᶼ㍍⍿慓䗪ṳℍ䘬㭵奒侴妨炻啱䓙慓䗪㓡┬⬑

⫸ῷⶖ埴䁢炻℞⮎㗗ᶨᾳ嬻⬑⫸ˬ㬋ⷠ⊾˭䘬忶䦳ˤ忶䦳ᷕᶵἧ㭵奒冺䶑⡻≃炻 㚜⸓≑⬑⫸㖑㖍怑ㅱ䎦Ṳ⬠㟉䑘⠫ˤ䃞侴炻䳸㝄栗䣢⬠㟉冯侩ⷓ㑩㚱ⶎ⎛姢㕟冯 㱣䗪䘬栗叿⼙枧≃炻忁㗗ῤ⼿斄㲐䘬䎦尉ˤ⚈㬌炻㛒Ἦㅱ⺢㥳ᶨᾳ⮯⭞⹕ˣ⬠㟉 冯慓䗪䄏嬟橼䲣䵲⭮忋䳸䘬䄏栏冯㓗㊩妰䔓炻᷎ᶼ䘤⯽⎬䧖䣦㚫䤷⇑ẍ妋㰢㛔䞼 䨞㍊妶䘬 ADHD 嬘柴炻ㆾ℞Ṿ⬑䪍ㆸ攟忶䦳ᷕ㚫忯⇘䘬⓷柴ˤ

斄挝⫿烉㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯ˣ慓䗪⊾ˣ㈿慓䗪⊾ˣ㯪≑埴䁢ˣ慓䗪思⽆埴䁢ˣ⬠

㟉侩ⷓ

Abstract

Background: In Taiwan, the prevalence of Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ranges from 5% to 12%, broader than those in most of the developed countries.

Viewed from a deviant behavior to a diagnostic category, this problem has been controlled under the power of medical interventions, a process designated as

“medicalization.” While ADHD has been discussed under the rubric of mediclization which has been driven by the medical professions, hardly has it been examined from lay perspective, particularly lay acceptance and defense against this process of medicalization.

Method: This study mainly applies a qualitative research design. Data were collected by means of in-depth interview from the parents of 20 ADHD children, mainly their mothers, from November 2011 to June 2012. The participants have been recruited through snowballing or referred by various institutions.

Result: The important findings of this study were:

(1) School teacher played critical roles in the process of medicalizing children’s state of ‘deviance,” from as deviance discoverers, medical information providers, medical strategy initiators, to behavioral performance monitors. (2) Parents especially mothers’

willingness to pro-medicalization was intending to control chaos. However, once diagnosis was confirmed, “anti-medicalization” surfaced, either non-adhering to medicinal treatment in dosage and intake schedule or additionally adopting alternative strategies such as other “behavioral interventions” without totally rejecting medical intervention, (3) As far as mothers concerned, what they needed most were social resources, including family and social support, assistance from workplace, and school accommodations, and improve connections and reciprocity between schools and health care system.

Conclusion and suggestion: The best expectation from the mothers who had ADHA children and who accepted medical interventions was to pursue "normalization" through which not only to release their pressure but also to help their children to adapt nowadays school environments. However, it has to be noted that the school and the teachers have become a predominant force in the process of diagnosis and the subsequent treatment of these children. A comprehensive assistance program that links family, school, health care system, and social welfare should be developed to tackle an increasingly prevalent childhood problem like ADHD.

Keywords: ADHD, medicalization, anti- medicalization, health seeking behavior,

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䚖 抬

农! 嫅 ... I

ᷕ㔯㐀天 ... II ABSTRACT ... III 䚖 抬 ... IV 堐 䚖 抬 ... V

⚾ 䚖 抬 ... VI

䫔ᶨ䪈 䵺 婾 ... 1

䫔Ḵ䪈 㔯䌣㍊妶 ... 3

䫔ᶨ䭨 㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯 ... 3

䫔Ḵ䭨 慓䗪⊾ ... 7

䫔ᶱ䭨 㯪≑埴䁢 ... 10

䫔ᶱ䪈 䞼䨞㕡㱽 ... 15

䫔ᶨ䭨 䞼䨞⍫冯侭䘬怠㑯 ... 15

䫔Ḵ䭨 㧋㛔䘬㍍妠 ... 15

䫔ᶱ䭨 屯㕁䘬㓞普 ... 16

䫔⚃䭨 屯㕁↮㜸 ... 17

䫔Ḽ䭨 䞼䨞ΐ䎮 ... 17

䫔⚃䪈 䞼䨞䳸㝄 ... 19

䫔ᶨ䭨 ⽝⃮䴻槿 ... 19

䫔Ḵ䭨 㯪慓忶䦳 ... 26

䫔ᶱ䭨 慓䗪ṳℍ ... 30

䫔⚃䭨 朆慓喍䫾䔍 ... 36

䫔Ḽ䭨 㬠⚈婧怑冯㓗㊩ ... 41

䫔Ḽ䪈 妶婾... 49

䫔ᶨ䭨 枮ㅱ慓䗪⊾ ... 49

䫔Ḵ䭨 ㈿㉺慓䗪⊾ ... 51

䫔ᶱ䭨 ⬠㟉冯慓䗪⟜➇ ... 54

䫔ℕ䪈 䳸婾冯⺢嬘 ... 56

䫔ᶨ䭨 䳸婾 ... 56

䫔Ḵ䭨 㛒Ἦ⺢嬘 ... 57

䫔ᶱ䭨 䞼䨞旸⇞ ... 58

⍫侫㔯䌣 ... 59

旬抬ᶨ ... 61

旬抬Ḵ ... 63

堐

堐 䚖 抬

堐!Ḵ.2 ⭞攟⮵㕤⬑⫸䡢姢䁢㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯䘬㬠⚈... 11

堐!Ḵ.3 㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯⃺䪍⭞攟⮳㯪⋼≑䘬⮵尉冯䧖栆... 12

堐 Ḵ.4 ⮹㔠䧖㕷 ADHD ⃺䪍䇞㭵㯪≑⚃昶㭝㧉⺷... 14

堐 ᶱ.2 姒婯ᾳ㟰ᷳ奒⫸屯㕁 ... 18

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⚾ 䚖 抬

⚾!Ḵ.2 ADHD 冐⸲姢㕟㧁㸾㳩䦳㊯⺽ (MMCPHO, 2011)... 5

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䫔ᶨ䪈ġ 䵺 婾

㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯(Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder)炻䯉䧙䁢 ADHDˤ

℞ᷣ天⓷柴堐䎦⛐㕤㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛炻ẍ⍲埴䁢堅≽ㆾ忶≽ˤ㚱⬠侭⮵忶≽䕯⃺䪍䘬 䈡⽝䓐䯉䞕䘬㔯⫿㍷丒↢Ἦ烉ˬ忁ṃ⬑⫸ᶵ傥忼⇘ṾṢ⮵ṾᾹ䘬㛇㛃ˤ⛐㔁⭌墉炻 ṾᾹデ奢ᶵ⇘冒⶙㗗ᶨấ⫸ˤ㚱⇍㕤℞Ṿ⬠䓇炻ṾᾹ䃉㱽⍣ 侩ⷓ天㯪ṾᾹ⍣ 

䘬ḳねˤṾᾹ㗗ᶵ⎰佌䘬ˤ䭉ṾᾹ㖑ᶲ崟⸲㚱列⤥⮰㲐≃炻䔞䃉俲冯䕚῎↢䎦 䘬㗪῁炻⮰㲐≃⯙⬴ℐ㴰⣙Ḯˤ˭(Timimi & Leo, 2009)ˤ

⚳ℏ⮵㕤㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯䘬䞼䨞栗䣢炻冢䀋䚃埴䌯䭬⚵䲬䁢 5%军 12%(湫 よ䍚, 2008)炻䔍䁢⮔⺋ˤ堐䣢⎘䀋忶≽䕯䕭か㕷佌ṵ㗗䔘岒⿏庫檀ˣ䉨㱩ᶵ㖶䘬佌 橼炻暨天ℵ⣂ˣ㚜㶙ℍ䞼䨞冯㍊妶ˤ䃞侴炻䎦Ṳ⚳ℏ㔯䌣䘬䞼䨞㕡⎹ᷣ天ẍ䘤⯽

冯㓡忚⮵㕤㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯⃺䪍䘬㔁做㕡⺷⯭⣂炻⮵㕤䇞㭵奒䄏嬟⬑⫸䘬㔜橼 忶䦳⇯㗗㍊妶庫⮹ˤ⚈㬌炻忁㗗㛔䞼䨞䘬䫔ᶨᾳ䞼䨞≽㨇ˤ

忶≽䕯ẍ⼨㗗塓㧁䰌䁢ῷⶖ埴䁢炻⌣⛐䲬卓ᶱ⋩⸜⇵ㆸ䁢Ḯᶨᾳ慓䗪姢㕟栆⇍炻 ᶼ⛐忶⍣⋩⸜攻⺋䁢㳩⁛ἧ䓐ˤ⣯⿒䘬㗗炻⮵㕤忶≽䕯䘬㱣䗪⌣㗗⛐䕦䕭㤪⾝⊾

ᷳ⇵⯙攳⥳➟埴䘬ˤ⮯ῷⶖ埴䁢廱嬲ㆸ䕦䕭炻ὧ㗗ˬ慓䗪⊾˭䎮婾㇨㍊妶䘬䎦尉ˤ 姙⣂⬠侭嬎⏲慓䗪⊾嬘柴ᷕ㚨嬻Ṣ㑼ㄪ䘬㗗炻䔞慓䗪䘬䣦㚫㍏⇞≃攳⥳徸㻠⍾ẋ

℞Ṿ⼊⺷䘬䣦㚫㍏⇞≃炻ㆾ侭㊩临㒜⻝炻⯙㚫忈ㆸ㕘昶䳂䘬䓊䓇炻ẍ⍲慵㕘⭂佑 ỽ媪ῷⶖˣỽ媪䕦䕭(Williams & Calnan, 1996a)ˤ䃞侴炻⣂㔠㔯䌣䘮ẍ慓䗪⮰㤕䘬 夾奺㍊妶慓䗪⊾炻⌣⼰⮹ẍˬ塓慓䗪⊾˭䘬ⷠ㮹奺⹎⍣㍊妶炻㖍ⷠ䓇㳣ᷕ塓慓䗪

⊾䘬㮹䛦⇘⸽㗗⾶湤゛䘬ˣ⇘⸽㗗⾶湤⍵ㅱ䘬烎忁悥⯂㛒慸㶭ˤ⚈㬌炻㛔䞼䨞䫔 Ḵᾳ䞼䨞≽㨇⯙㗗▿娎䓐慓䗪⊾奨溆↮㜸炻䩢㍊忶≽䕯⬑䪍䘬䄏栏侭㗗⤪ỽ朊⮵

㬌䕦䕭炻℞䄏栏忶䦳⍰㗗ỽ䧖㧋尴ˤ

㚨⼴炻㛔䞼䨞⚆栏姙⣂㯪≑埴䁢䎮婾炻⮯忁ṃ㧉⺷冯䎮婾ἄ䁢側㘗䞍嬀炻᷎ᶼ 㟡㒂䞼䨞䳸㝄䘬≈ẍ㔜䎮冯㍷徘ˤ㍐≽㓧䫾冯↮惵慓䗪屯㸸ᷳ⇵炻ㅱ⃰Ḯ妋娚㕷 佌䘬暨㯪冯⮎晃ね⼊ˤ㛔䞼䨞ⶴ㛃䓐慓䗪⊾奨溆⍣Ḯ妋㬌㕷佌䘬䎦㱩冯⚘⠫炻᷎

⇾㜸䄏栏冯㯪≑忶䦳ᷕ↢䎦䘬䞃䚦冯堅䨩ˤ

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䫔Ḵ䪈ġ 㔯䌣㍊妶

㛔䪈↮ㆸᶱ䭨炻䫔ᶨ䭨ᷣ天㗗㔜䎮㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯䘬➢㛔ṳ䳡冯䚠斄㔯䌣炻 啱㬌⡆≈⮵㕤㬌䕦䕭䘬Ḯ妋烊䫔Ḵ䭨⇯㗗⇑䓐ˬ慓䗪⊾˭䘬㤪⾝⍣ἄ㍊妶㭵奒⮵

㕤忶≽䕯⃺䪍䘬㔜橼䄏栏忶䦳炻䫔ᶱ䭨⇯㗗⚆栏⎬䧖㯪≑埴䁢㧉⺷炻᷎ 㬠䲵冯 㔜䎮ˤ

䫔ᶨ䭨ġ! 㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯

㬌悐↮㗗憅⮵㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯䘬⭂佑冯㱣䗪㕡⺷忚埴㔯䌣⚆栏ˤ⚳ℏ晾䃞 军䚖⇵䁢㬊⯂㛒㚱↢䎦䌯䱦䡢䘬䴙妰屯㕁炻ὅ㒂䞼䨞姕妰䘬ᶵ⎴炻䚃埴䌯䁢 5%军 12%(⬳䵕㛹, 2009; 檀㵹剔 & 哉㘗⬷, 1999)炻䘮檀㕤伶⚳䱦䤆䕭⬠⋼㚫㕤 1994 ⸜

℔⏲ᷳ䚃埴䌯 3 军 5%ˤ冯⎴䁢Ṇ㳚⚳⭞䘬㖍㛔㭼庫炻⎘䀋ṵ䃞㗗㑩㚱庫檀䘬䚃埴 䌯(Kanbayashi, Nakata, Fujii, Kita, & Wada, 1994)ˤ⛐か䕭㭼ἳᶲ炻䓟䪍䲬䁢⤛䪍䘬 3᾵ˤ(冢䀋⃺䪍曺⮹⸜䱦䤆慓⬠㚫, 2011)㟡㒂㔁做悐䈡㬲㔁做忂⟙䵚ˬḅ⋩ℕ⸜⹎

䈡㬲㔁做䴙妰⸜⟙㤪㱩˭炻⚳⮷冯⚳ᷕ⃺䪍㕤♜慵ね䵺晄䣁栆⇍䷥ℙᷳṢ㔠䁢 1680 Ṣˤ侴㕤 100 ⸜⹎(2011 ⸜)㚨㕘䴙妰炻⇯㗗⡆≈䁢 4007 Ṣ(㔁做悐䈡㬲㔁做忂⟙䵚, 2011)ˤ

㟡㒂伶⚳䱦䤆䕦か姢㕟㧁㸾(DSM-IV)炻㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯暨⛐ᶫ㬚⇵䘤䕭ˣ

⛐ℑᾳㆾℑᾳẍᶲ䘬ᶵ⎴⟜㇨炻⤪烉⬠㟉ˣ⭞墉ˣⶍἄ⟜㇨炻忈ㆸ䣦㚫ˣ⬠㤕ˣ 借㤕≇傥ᶲ䘬㎵⭛炻ᶼ朆⚈℞Ṿ䘤⯽䕦かˣ䱦䤆䕦䕭㇨⺽崟炻ㇵ傥䧙䁢㲐シ≃ᶵ 嵛忶≽䕯ˤ伶⚳䱦䤆䕦か姢㕟㧁㸾(DSM-IV)↮ㆸℑ悐ấ烉㲐シ≃ᶵ普ᷕ冯堅≽/忶

≽炻℞ᷕ⎒天⛐ℑ悐ấᷕ㑯ᶨ䫎⎰ 9 枭姢㕟㧁㸾㇨↿䕯䉨䘬 6 枭ㆾẍᶲ炻᷎ᶼ䕯 䉨㊩临↢䎦军⮹⋲⸜炻嵛ẍ忼⇘怑ㅱᶵ列ᶼ忈ㆸㅱ㚱䘤⯽䦳⹎ᶵ䫎炻⯙㚫塓⇌⭂

忶⣂ㆾ堅≽ᷣ⮶✳(predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type)ˣ㶟⎰✳(combined type) ᶱ䧖↮栆(␐㬋ᾖ, 昛拓㳚, 昛㯠䃴, & 伭ㄞ⽥, 2007)ˤ姽Ộ㳩䦳㗗䓙䱦䤆䥹慓ⷓˣ

⽫䎮ⷓˣ⮷⃺䥹慓ⷓㆾ㗗℞Ṿ⮰㤕Ṣ⒉炻忚埴⬴㔜冐⸲姽Ộ᷎冯ᾳ㟰㚫婯ˤ㚫婯

ᷕㅱ⊭⏓⭞攟ẍ⍲吸普ⷞ忶Ṿ䘬侩ⷓᾹ㇨㍸ὃ䘬屯㕁炻ẍ⍲ἧ䓐 DSM-IV 䚠斄䘬 姢㕟㧁㸾冯䴻㧁㸾⊾䘬⓷⌟炻ἳ⤪侩ⷓ⠓⮓䘬⃺䪍㲐シ≃⓷柴慷堐 (CAP) ㆾ Vanderbilt ⮰㲐≃⓷⌟ˤ㟡㒂伶⚳冐⸲姢㕟㧁㸾㳩䦳(⚾Ḵ.2)炻䱦䤆䥹慓ⷓ劍娊⓷

⭞攟嬻⬑䪍㍍⍿喍䈑㱣䗪㗪炻劍⭞攟シ栀ᶵ檀⇯㚫忚ℍ慵㕘姽Ộ䘬䦳⸷炻Ữ⤪㝄 慓 ⷓ 㚨 䳪 ṵ ⇌ ⭂ 㚱 㚵 喍 ⽭ 天 炻 ⇯ 怬 㗗 㚫 㟡 㒂 㧁 㸾 䦳 ⸷ ⺢ 嬘 ⭞ 攟 嬻 ⬑ ⫸ 㚵 喍 (MMCPHO, 2011)ˤ伶⚳⃺䥹慓⬠㚫夷⭂姢㕟⸜漉䭬⚵㕤 2011 ⸜⺢嬘⽆⍇⃰䘬 6

⇘ 12 㬚(AAP, 2000)炻㚜㓡ᶳ旸⸜漉军 4 㬚(AAP, 2011)炻栗䣢姢㕟⸜漉䭬⚵䘬㒜⻝

冯⎹ᶳ⸜庽⊾ˤ

䚖⇵⚳ℏ㚨ⷠἧ䓐䘬喍䈑㚱ℑ⣏栆炻↮⇍䁢ᷕ㧆䤆䴻冰⤖∹冯怠㑯⿏旣㕟㬋 僶ᶲ儢䳈⇵橼⁛怆ˤᷕ㧆䤆䴻冰⤖∹(Methylphenidate)⛐㱣䗪ᶲ䁢䫔ᶨ䶂䓐喍炻侴 䫔Ḵ䶂䓐喍⇯㗗怠㑯⿏旣㕟㬋僶ᶲ儢䳈⇵橼⁛怆 (Atomoxetine)ˤ䚖⇵冢䀋庫ⷠἧ 䓐䘬喍䈑⊭㊔㚱烉⇑Ṿ傥 (Retalin)ˣ⮰⿅忼 (Concerta)冯⿅扛 (Strattera)炻℞ᷕ⇑

Ṿ傥ἧ䓐㚨ᷭᶼ㚨㘖念(␐㬋ᾖ䫱, 2007)ˤ⎎⢾炻⇑Ṿ傥冯⮰⿅忼Ⱄ‍ᾅ䴎Ẁ喍䈑 冯䭉⇞喍䈑炻᷎ᶼ枰慓ⷓ嗽㕡冯⭞攟⎴シㇵ⎗⍾⼿炻侴⿅扛⇯ᶵ䓐ˤ冢䀋⃺䪍曺

⮹⸜䱦䤆慓⬠㚫⻟婧怑䔞䘬喍䈑㱣䗪⮵㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯⃺䪍䕯䉨䘬㓡┬㗗㚱⼰

⣏䘬⸓≑炻娵䁢᷎忚ᶨ㬍㊯↢烉ˬ䚖⇵㇨㚱䘬⬠埻䞼䨞悥栗䣢炻喍䈑㱣䗪㗗㱣䗪㲐 シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯㚨⤥䘬㕡㱽炻埴䁢ㆾ䣦㚫⽫䎮䘬㱣䗪㕡⺷⽭枰惵⎰喍䈑㱣䗪ㇵ傥 㖶栗䘤㎖℞㓰䓐炻℞Ṿ⛲攻䘬⎎栆䗪㱽ㆾ㗗㮹὿䗪㱽㗗㰺㚱䥹⬠嫱㒂栗䣢℞傥㚱 㓰㱣䗪㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯˭(⎘䀋⃺䪍曺⮹⸜䱦䤆慓⬠㚫, 2011)ˤ

⚾!Ḵ.2 ADHD 冐⸲姢㕟㧁㸾㳩䦳㊯⺽ (MMCPHO, 2011)

劍⚆ㅱᶵ怑䔞炻⇯⺢嬘≈ℍ㱣䗪ġ

两临喍䈑㱣䗪炻䚋㷔⽫嶛ˣ埨⡻冯 橼慵炻∹慷㓡嬲㗪天⍾⼿ ńłő ㆾ ŗŢůťŦųţŪŭŵ ⓷⌟䘬⚆棳ġ

思⬰ ŏńŒłİńʼnŊőœł 㸾⇯ġ

劍⍵ㅱᶵἛㆾ∗ἄ䓐忶⻟炻⇯侫ㄖἧ 䓐朆冰⤖∹㱣䗪ġ

廱ṳ军℞Ṿ慓䗪⮰㤕ġ ㆾ侭ġ

䓐喍䭉䎮烉ġ

IJį ⛐㍍⍿冰⤖∹⇵炻⃰忚埴⽫埨

䭉㌫㍷炻䡢⭂䃉桐晒ġ

ijį ⽆䫔ᶨ䶂冰⤖∹攳⥳ġ

Ĵį 䚋㷔∗ἄ䓐ġ

ĵį ℑ␐ℏ天徥希㚫朊ㆾ农暣ġ

Ķį ⇑䓐 ńłő ㆾ ŗŢůťŦųţŪŭŵ ⓷⌟姽 Ộ侩ⷓ⍵ㅱġ

娎槿℞Ṿᷣ㳩冰⤖∹ġ ᶵ怑䔞䘬⍵ㅱㆾ㚱忶檀䘬∗ἄ䓐ġ

⍵ㅱ列⤥ġ

⍵ㅱ列⤥ġ 冯⭞攟ᶨ崟彐娵↢䚖㧁䕯䉨冯⎰⭄

䘬䑘⠫㓗㊩ĩ劍⬑䪍㛔Ṣ冯İㆾ侩ⷓ

⛐⟜㚜ἛĪ炻⍾⼿侩ⷓ⠓⮓䘬⃺䪍㲐 シ≃⓷柴慷堐炷ńłő炸䳸㝄ㆾἧ䓐 ŗŢůťŦųţŪŭŵ ⮰㲐≃⓷⌟ 姽Ộġ

ł

łŅʼnŅġŕœņłŕŎņŏŕġġ

⭞攟ⷞ⬑⫸Ἦ忚埴 łŅʼnŅ 姢㕟ġ

庽⽖䕯䉨İ⭞⹕㉺䳽㱣䗪ġ

姽Ộ⃺䪍㲐シ≃⓷柴慷堐炷ńłő炸䘬⚆

ㅱℏ⭡炻ㆾ徥希侩ⷓ䘬 ŗŢůťŦųţŪŭŵ ⮰㲐

≃⓷⌟䳸㝄ġ 㨇㥳䑘⠫㓗㊩ġ ġ

ᷕ⹎军慵⹎䕯䉨ġ

℞Ṿ㱣䗪㕡⺷冯喍䈑㱣䗪䘬ⶖ䔘⛐㕤℞䁢啱䓙⢾≃䘬㕡⺷炻㓡┬⬑䪍㲐シ≃ᶵ 嵛冯堅≽忶≽䘬ね⼊ˤデ奢䴙⎰妻䶜䘬⍇䎮㗗娵䁢忶≽⃺⚈儎悐⓷柴㚱ṃ≇傥⿏

晄䣁炻忚侴⮶农℞㖻↮⽫ˣ䄑帩冯忶≽炻㇨ẍ⺢嬘⇑䓐ᾗ再㹹埴ˣ䍑㱁ˣ勱⛘ㇻ 㺦䫱㳣≽炻Ἦ⸓≑㓡┬䕯䉨烊埴䁢䭉䎮䘬䚖䘬⛐ⶴ㛃啱䓙⬑⫸慵墯橼槿埴䁢䘬⼴

㝄炻怠㑯ᾅ⬀⤥佺ㄋ炻 㬊ᶵ列埴䁢烊娵䞍埴䁢㱣䗪⇯㗗㍉䓐埴䁢㱣䗪冯娵䞍㱣 䗪䘬㕡㱽炻ἧ䔞ḳṢ䓊䓇埴䁢ˣ゛㱽␴ね䵺䘬㓡嬲(⎘䀋⃺䪍曺⮹⸜䱦䤆慓⬠㚫, 2011)ˤẍᶲᶱ䧖㕡⺷悥㗗⇑䓐⬠佺忼⇘冒ㆹ⡆傥炻侴㓡┬䑘⠫䘬㕡⺷⇯㚱奒借妻 䶜ˣ婚㤕庼⮶ˣ䓇㳣⬱㌺炻℞ᷕ奒借妻䶜㗗朆ⷠ慵天䘬䑘䭨炻℞ℏ⭡䁢⡆≈⭞攟

⮵忶≽⃺䘬娵嬀炻᷎ᶼἧ⭞攟傥⬠㚫⤪ỽ忳䓐娵䞍冯埴䁢䭉䎮㈨埻炻ẍ⍲⋼≑⭞

攟㍍⍿⬑⫸䁢忶≽⃺䘬ḳ⮎ˤ

斄㕤⚳ℏ喍䈑ἧ䓐䘬ね⼊炻㟡㒂ᶨ䭯婧㞍㔯䌣㊯↢炻⎘䀋⣂㔠⭞攟䴻ⷠ㌺㕍 䓐喍炻㟡㒂㬌婧㞍䘬⃺䪍㧋㛔ᷕ㚱 60%⽆㛒㚵喍ˤ⭞攟㘖念ḇ㚱㑼⽫⬑⫸㚫塓㬏 夾ㆾ層㧁䰌䘬⡻≃炻侴ᶵ傥㊱㗪ㆾ㊱∹慷㚵喍䘬⚈䳈⼰⣂炻ᷣ天㗗⚈䁢喍䈑∗ἄ 䓐ˣ喍䈑㍏⇞䕯䉨侴䃉㱽㟡㱣䕦䕭ㆾ㗗喍㓰㰺㚱䩳⌛栗䎦䫱⍇⚈㇨忈ㆸ(嫅䑲ㄏ

& ⬇䐃⤪, 2010)ˤ䃞侴炻⬠侭ḇ㍸↢喍䈑㱣䗪⎒傥㷃⮹ᶵ怑䔞埴䁢炻ᶵ傥⡆≈怑 䔞埴䁢炻ㅱ㍉⍾⣂慵嗽伖㕡⺷㱣䗪炻劍⎒䴎Ḱ喍䈑㱣䗪侴䃉℞Ṿ惵⎰㍒㕥⇯㗗ᶵ

⥍䘬(檀㵹剔 & 哉㘗⬷, 1999; ‭䥨⩂, 1994; 嫅䑲ㄏ & ⬇䐃⤪, 2010)ˤ⛲攻妶婾 忶≽䕯⃺䪍㔁梲㕡憅䘬㚠䯵ḇ␤ㅱ⬠侭妨婾炻娵䁢㔁梲㕡⺷ㅱẍ埴䁢㱣䗪䁢ᷣ炻 惵⎰喍䈑㱣䗪ㇵ㚱栗叿㓡┬㓰㝄(哉伶楐, 2005)ˤ䃞侴炻⚳⢾ḇ㚱⻟婧喍䈑㱣䗪䘬

⽭天⿏ᷳ䞼䨞炻ᶨ䭯忚埴冐⸲娎槿ᷳ䞼䨞炻㬠䲵↢䳸婾䁢㚵喍⼴䘬忶≽䕯⬑䪍⛐

⬠佺䑘⠫ᷕ㚫㚱庫檀⮰㲐≃ˣ庫Ỷ㳣≽䌯ˣ庫⮹夷⼳ᶼ屈朊䘬崀婆ˣ庫⮹墥忈☒

枛ˣ庫⮹冯ṾṢ偊橼㍍妠炻ㆾ庫⮹堐䎦↢ᶵ怑䔞ᶼ䃉㱽枸㛇䘬埴䁢(Whalen, 1979)ˤ

䫔

䫔Ḵ䭨ġ! 慓䗪⊾

1966⸜慓䗪䣦㚫⬠⭞ Zola 䌯⃰㍸↢慓䗪⊾(medicalization)䘬⭂佑烉ˬ㖍ⷠ䓇㳣 䴻槿塓夾䁢‍⹟䔘ⷠㆾ䕦䕭䘬忶䦳˭(Zola, 1972)ˤ㍍叿炻Conrad 冯 Schneider 㚜忚 ᶨ㬍妋慳慓䗪⊾䘬忶䦳昌Ḯ䓇㳣ḳẞ塓ⅈᶲ慓⬠⎵娆(medical term)ᷳ⢾炻塓⭂佑䁢 慓䗪⓷柴⼴炻ḇ⎒傥月慓⬠ㇳ㭝ㇵ傥妋㰢(Peter & Schneider, 1992)ˤ℞⍇⚈⛐㕤炻 䎦Ṳ䥹㈨㖍㻠忚㬍炻㕤㗗墥忈↢崲Ἦ崲⣂⮰㤕₨☐炻侴⣂㔠䕭䕯ḇ悥Ṍ䓙忁ṃ₨

☐ἄ揹⭂炻ᾳṢ䚜奢冯䴻槿⇌㕟ὧ徸㻠塓忁ṃ⮰㤕₨☐⍾ẋ炻≈ᶲ⮰⭞ㄹ啱⮰㚱 䞍嬀㇨妪↢䘬夷䭬炻ᶨ凔ⷠ㮹㗗㰺㚱㊹㇘ㆾ岒䔹傥≃䘬炻ᾳṢ⮵㕤冒⶙幓橼䘬冒

ᷣ㪲⯙徸㻠㷃⮹ˤ⚈㬌炻晐叿慓䗪㍏⇞≃䘬㒜⻝炻慓䗪⮰㤕Ṣ⢓⯙㚜傥䡢ᾅ℞⮰

㤕⃒⊊炻᷎ᶼ⬠侭娵䁢慓䗪⊾忶䦳㑩㚱䓊䓇䣦㚫昶䳂冯℟㚱㰢⭂ỽ媪ῷⶖ䘬⼙枧

≃(Conrad, 1975)ˤ

慓䗪⊾㚫䘤䓇⛐㤪⾝ˣ橼⇞冯慓䕭斄ὪᶱᾳⰌ䳂炻侴℞㔋Ự䘬忇⹎⍾㰢㕤娚佌 橼ㆾᾳṢ㗗⏎⃩姙℞䘤䓇炻ㆾ侭㗗⤪ỽ嬻℞䘤䓇炻ẍ⍲娚佌橼ㆾᾳṢ㛔幓䘬嬎奢

⽫冯䚠斄䞍嬀䦳⹎ˤ侴ỽ䧖ね㱩ᶳ㚫䓊䓇慓䗪⊾炻⬠侭冱↢ᶳ↿⸦䧖⎗傥⚈䳈烉 椾⃰炻忁ᾳ⓷柴冯幓橼☐⭀㚱斄忋炻⌛ἧ℞ᷕ䘬㨇廱㗗ᶵ㖶䘬ˤ℞㫉⇯㗗䔞⁛䴙 䣦㚫㍏⇞≃⣙㓰ㆾᶵ塓㍍⍿䘬㗪῁炻ὧ㚫⮯娚⓷柴廱䦣⇘慓䗪䭬䔯ℏ炻⍰ㆾ侭慓 䗪⮰㤕栀シ㍍䲵娚⓷柴忚ℍṾᾹ䘬䭉廬䭬⚵(Williams & Calnan, 1996b)ˤ

㈿慓䗪⊾(anti-medicalization) ㆾ⍣慓䗪⊾(de-medicalization)炻㗗㊯⮯㝸ṃ慓䗪

‍⹟ᶲ朊䘬⓷柴炻ᶵℵ⮯℞夾䁢䕦䕭ˤ⍣慓䗪⊾冯㈿慓䗪⊾ᷳ攻ṵ㚱ṃ⽖䘬ⶖ嶅炻

㈿慓䗪⊾(anti-medicalization)㟡㒂ᶨ䭯嫃徘⎴⿏ㆨ⍣慓䗪⊾䘬㔯䌣(VanGoethem, 2010)炻⎗ẍ㍐婾℞ℏ㵝㗗⁦⎹䣦㚫ᷕ䘬㝸ṃ㕷佌冒≽冒䘤䘬䳬䷼崟Ἦ㉝㈿慓䗪⊾

䘬ね⼊炻㚱ẍⷠ㮹⽆ᶳ侴ᶲ⮵㈿䘬シ␛ˤ侴⍣慓䗪⊾(de-medicalization)⇯㗗䓙慓䓴 ㆾ℞Ṿ⮰⭞⬠侭㍸Έ⮯㝸ᶨ䎦尉⇼昌㕤䕦䕭ᷳ⢾炻䚠庫㕤㈿慓䗪⊾炻㚱䓙ᶲ侴ᶳ

䔞慓䗪⊾忁ᾳ⎵娆↢䎦⼴炻㚱姙⣂嬘柴塓䅙䁰䘬妶婾㗗⏎塓忶⹎慓䗪⊾炻⊭㊔烉 䓟⿏䘬㚜⸜㛇ˣ䥧柕冯≫崟晄䣁炻ẍ⍲Ṣ栆䓇攟㽨䳈䘬ἧ䓐冯㖑㛇℟䇕嬘⿏䘬⎴

⿏ㆨ嬘柴炻ẍ⍲㛔䞼䨞㇨㍊妶䘬㲐シ≃仢᷷忶≽䕯ˤ忶≽䕯ㆸ䁢ᶨᾳ慓䗪姢㕟栆

⇍㗗⛐Ḵ⋩⸜⇵炻᷎ᶼ⛐忶⍣⋩⸜攻⺋䁢㳩⁛ἧ䓐炻㱣䗪⌣㗗⛐忁ᾳ䕦䕭㤪⾝⊾

ᷳ⇵⯙攳⥳➟埴䘬ˤ㖑㛇⼊⭡忶≽䕯䘬⮰㚱⎵娆䚠䔞䷩暄ᶼᶵᶨ农炻晾䃞ἧ䓐ᶵ

⎴䘬慓⬠娆⼁⍣⼊⭡忶≽䕯炻⬠侭㬠䲵㔜䎮⼴⌣䘤䎦℞㍷徘䘬䕯䉨悥㗗䚠Ụᶼ慵 䔲䘬(Conrad, 1975)ˤ

ẍ⼨塓㧁䰌䁢ˬῷⶖ˭䘬埴䁢炻㚫啱䓙⭞⹕ˣ⬠㟉ㆾ⃺䪍埴䁢䞗㬋㨇㥳⍣ 㓡

┬炻䇦⼴䁢ỽㆸ䁢ᶨᾳˬ䕦䕭˭烎㚱⬠侭㍸⇘℞慓䗪姢㕟⛐大㕡⚳⭞㚫徸㻠䚃埴炻

℞⼙枧⚈䳈⎗傥冯䑘⠫ˣ⭞⹕䳸㥳冯䓇㳣✳ンˣ㔁做橼䲣ˣ⮵㕤⬑䪍埴䁢䘬娵䞍ˣ

⮵㕤䇞㭵㔁梲䘬ᾉ⾝炻ẍ⍲⮵㕤ỽ媪㬋ⷠ䘬奨溆炻悥晐叿㗪攻侴㚱㇨㓡嬲(Timimi &

Leo, 2009)ˤỮ⬠侭⮵㕤㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯䘬⇌⭂㧁㸾ṵ⬀㚱岒䔹炻役⸜Ἦ⮵㕤㲐 シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯㗗⏎㗗慓䗪⊾䓊䈑䘬䞼䨞冯姽婾㻠⡆ˤ姢㕟㧁㸾嬻Ṣ岒䔹䘬悐↮

⛐㕤⇌㕟㗗啱䓙⎋柕娊⓷᷎ᶼ㡅↿⺷⊦怠䫎⎰⽝䉨䘬⼊⺷炻㰺㚱⭊奨䘬㷔慷炻᷎

ᶼ㇒军䚖⇵⮵㕤㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯䘬䕭⚈ṵ冲ᶵ㖶ˤ⎎⢾炻⬠侭ḇ岒䔹䁢ỽ⬠佺 晄䣁㚫䲵ℍ㕤姢㕟㧁㸾ᷕ炻侴ἧ䓐慓䗪ἄ䁢妋㰢㕡㱽ḇᶵᶨ⭂㚨Ἓ怠㑯ᶼ怑䓐㕤 㭷ᾳ⬑䪍(Timimi & Leo, 2009)ˤ䃞侴炻忶≽䕯⤪Ṳ怬㗗ᶨᾳ䚠䔞塓䣦㚫㇨㍍⍿䘬 慓䗪䭬䔯(medical model)ˤ㚱⬠侭䘤䎦炻㱣䗪䦳⸷晾䃞䯉╖炻⌣⎗䓊䓇柵⢾䈡⇍䘬 㓰ㅱˤˬ忶≽䕯˭䡢姢⼴⎗ẍ旵Ỷ⭞攟䘬伒らデ炻⬑⫸䘬ῷⶖ埴䁢᷎朆Ἦ冒㕤⭞

攟⣙借炻侴㗗⬑⫸䘬䓇䎮ᶲ䘤䓇⓷柴Ḯ炻᷎ᶼ⃩姙⮯㬌ῷⶖ埴䁢廱䁢ἧ䓐ˬ朆嗽 优⺷˭䘬䭉䎮冯㍏⇞ˤ忁ṃ㱣䗪䘬姜㯪忂ⷠ䁢Ḯ天旵Ỷ忶≽䕯⃺䪍⛐婚➪ᷕ⸚㒦 ṾṢ䘬ね⼊炻ẍ⍲⣂⮹㍸⋯娚⬑䪍⬠佺䉨㱩(Conrad, 1975)ˤ

䈥㴱⛐忶≽䕯慓䗪⊾嬘柴䔞ᷕ炻㚨℟䇕嬘䘬奺刚⯙㗗㍸ὃ㱣䗪喍䈑䘬喍⺈冯 喍⓮ˤṾᾹ㍸ὃḮ慓䗪⊾䘬ⶍ℟炻᷎ᶼ㚫德忶慵㕘娖慳ㆾ㈕㚚㳩埴䕭⬠㔠㒂炻⻟

婧忁㧋㘖念䘬埴䁢堐⽝㗗ˬᶵ䚉Ṣシ˭䘬䉨ン炻侴忁ṃ喍䈑⎗ᶵ⎗ẍ㱣䗪䕦䕭炻

⤥˭䘬Ⰼ㫉(ᶩ⽿枛, ∱剛≑, & 㛶堾䐄, 2007)ˤ㬌㗪炻忁䧖喍䈑䧙ᷳ䁢䓇㳣㨇傥喍 䈑(lifestyle drug)ˤ䓇㳣㨇傥喍䈑䘬⭂佑㗗炻娚喍䈑䘬䓐徼㗗䓐Ἦ妋㰢ᶨᾳ朆‍⹟

⓷柴(non-health problem)ㆾ娚䉨㱩㗗嗽⛐‍⹟暨喍冯䓇㳣㕡⺷㛇㛃ᷳ攻䘬㧉䱲⛘

ⷞ炻侴‍⹟冯䕦䕭ᷳ攻㚱叿㙾㗏ᶵ㶭䘬䓴䶂炻天䓙䣦㚫㔯⊾ㆾ慓⬠⍣⭂佑(Gilbert, 2001)ˤ䎦Ṳ䓇㳣㨇傥喍䈑晾䃞崲Ἦ崲㘖念炻Ữ℞ἧ䓐⣏䛦⌣ᶵᶨ⭂忼ㆸℙ嬀炻ḇ

⯙㗗䓐喍䈑Ἦ妋㰢冯嗽䎮䓇㳣㕡⺷⓷柴㗪炻⎗傥㚫塓夾䁢ᶵ⭄ᷳ冱炻忁㚫忈ㆸἧ 䓐侭塓庽咹惁夾炻ㆾ䓊䓇冒ㆹ属㈹(ᶩ⽿枛 et al., 2007)ˤ⚈㬌⬠侭␤䰚⮵㕤䓇㳣㨇 傥喍䈑ㅱ⍲㖑叿ㇳ夷∫冯䭉⇞ˤ

昌㬌ᷳ⢾炻喍䈑㇨䘤㎖䘬ᶵ㗗喍℠ᶲ⭋䧙䘬䗪㓰炻怬℟㚱䣦㚫シ㵝ᶲ䘬⸓

≑ˤ䄏栏侭嬻⬑⫸忚ℍ慓䗪⟜➇ᷕ㍍⍿㱣䗪炻㚫ἧ䄏栏侭䌚⼿ˬ䚉借˭䘬⼊尉ˤ ᶨ䭯㍊䨞㭵奒朊⮵⬑⫸デ℺㗪䘬ㅱ⮵㍒㕥ᷳ䞼䨞ᷕ炻ὧ㍸⇘㭵奒⎒天⮯⬑⫸䕭ね

㍏⇞ỷ炻ὧᶵℵ⍿㊯屔炻⚈㬌朊⮵デ℺㗪炻㚨慵天䘬㱣䗪䚖䘬ᶵ㗗⮯⬑⫸橼ℏ䘬 䕭㭺ㆾ䳘却㭢㬣炻侴㗗天嬻忁ṃ⑛▥ˣ䘤䅺䘬䕦䕭堐⽝㴰昌ˤ䴎Ḱ喍䈑ᶵỮ⎗堐 䎦℞⬑⫸㗗暨天塓䄏栏䘬炻ḇ⻟婧㭵奒㗗㬋⛐≒≃妋㰢ᶼ傥䡢娵⮵㕤忁ᾳ䕦䕭㗗 㚱㕡㱽⎗ẍ妋㰢䘬(Whyte, 2003)ˤ侴忁ṃˬ䤆⣯喍˭(magic pill)ᶵỮ⎗ẍἧ忁ṃ忶

≽䕯⬑䪍䘬埴䁢攳⥳塓䣦㚫㍍⍿炻ḇ傥⚈㬌㷃⮹䣦㚫⮵㕤ṾᾹ䘬䂁⌘ (Conrad, 1975)炻侴㬌㤪⾝ḇ傥␤ㅱ⇘㧁䰌䎮婾䘬ℏ㵝ˤḳ⮎ᶲ炻⛐慓䗪⊾䎮婾攳⥳䚃埴ᷳ

⇵炻㧁䰌䎮婾⶚䴻攳⥳嗽䎮慓䗪⭂佑≈媠㕤Ṣ㇨䓊䓇䘬⼴㝄ˤ㧁䰌䎮婾娵䁢䔞䱦 䤆䕦䕭␥⎵㗪炻忂ⷠ㗗⛐ᶨᾳ埴䁢晾ᶵ ⍲ṾṢ䤷⇑炻⌣㗗䔞ᶳ䣦㚫夾䁢ᶵ怑䔞 䘬ね㱩ᶳ岎Ḱ䘬(Schwartz, 1994)ˤ䃞侴炻慓䗪⊾䎮婾冯㧁䰌䎮婾䘮⻟婧炻䔞ᶨᾳ⓷ 柴塓慓䗪⊾(塓㧁䰌)䘬㗪῁炻⎗傥⯙㚨㟡㛔䘬倯ḳ⍇⚈⯙㚫⚈㬌塓怖味㌱ˤἳ⤪炻 䔞ᶨᾳ⬑⫸塓㬠栆ㆸ忶≽䕯か侭㗪炻㚫⮯⓷柴旸䷖军ᾳṢ⚈䳈⍣妋㰢炻侴⾥䔍Ḯ

⬑⫸䘤䓇⓷柴䘬㟡㛔⍇⚈炻⎗傥㗗Ἦ冒㕤⭞⹕ㆾ⬠㟉䑘⠫䘬仢⣙(Schwartz, 1994)ˤ

℞㫉炻⎎⢾ᶨᾳ䇕嬘奺刚ὧ㗗⬠㟉⟜➇ᷕ䘬侩ⷓˤ䞼䨞㊯↢炻㖑㛇⎒㗗䓐忶

忚埴Ḯᶨ枭斄㕤ˬ婘㗗䫔ᶨᾳ⺢嬘忚埴忶≽䕯姢㕟烎˭䘬⓷⌟婧㞍炻䘤䎦㇨㚱⺢

嬘侭ᷕ炻幓嗽⬠㟉⟜➇䘬⺢嬘侭⯙⌈㚱 52.4%炻℞ᷕ侩ⷓ⌈ 46.4%(Sax, 2003)ˤ㬌

⢾炻DSM-4 姢㕟㧁㸾ᷕ炻德忶䈡⇍姽Ộ䘬⓷⌟ⶍ℟炻㚫䴎Ḱ侩ⷓᶨᾳ㬋⺷䘬幓↮

⍫冯⛐姢㕟㳩䦳炻㚜≈⻟⊾⬠㟉⟜➇䘬⼙枧≃(Phillips, 2006)ˤ䃞侴炻慓䗪⊾䘬㺚 德≃ᶵ⤪㬌ˤ忶≽䕯⃺䪍䘬⬠佺怬㚫䈥㴱⇘䈡㬲㔁做柀➇炻䈡㬲㔁做䘬⬀⛐㗗 䁢Ḯ啱䓙㔁做嬻晄䣁侭圵ℍ䣦㚫炻᷎㷃⮹䣦㚫屈㑼炻⬠侭㍷徘䈡㔁慓䗪⊾䘬ね㘗炻

㍐≽⮰㤕⎰ἄ⼴䘬䈡㔁揹⭂炻嬻娚柀➇≈㶙⮵慓䗪䘬ὅ岜炻ḇ⻟⊾慓䗪⮵㔁做䘬

⼙枧≃(⻝⤪㛷 & 㜿⸠⎘, 2009)ˤ

晾䃞炻⬠侭㊯↢慓䗪⊾㚫ᶵ㕟䘬㒜⻝炻Ữⷠ㮹冯慓䗪⮰⭞ᷳ攻⬀⛐叿ⶐ⣏䘬 嶅暊炻ⷠ㮹䴻ⷠ㚫䴻䓙⣏䛦⨺橼䌚⼿屯妲炻᷎ᶼ㭷㖍忚埴㍍㓞冯忶㾦䘬埴䁢炻᷎

ᶼ慵㕘娖慳冯㋒䓐⽆慓䗪⮰㤕侭㍍㓞Ἦ䘬屯妲ˤ忁ḇẋ堐⌛ὧ慓䗪⮰⭞䘬⭂佑冯

ⷠ㮹㍍㓞⇘冯娖慳↢Ἦ䘬䳸㝄᷎ᶵ㚫⬴ℐᶨ农炻ḇ⯙㗗婒慓䗪⊾⛐ⷠ㮹䓇㳣ᷕ㗗 㚱㤝旸䘬(Williams & Calnan, 1996a)ˤ⣂㔠㔯䌣䘮ẍ慓䗪⮰㤕䘬夾奺㍊妶慓䗪⊾炻

⌣⼰⮹ẍˬ塓慓䗪⊾˭䘬ⷠ㮹奺⹎⍣㍊妶ˤ⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞ὧ▿娎⽆ⷠ㮹奨溆⍣奨⮇

慓䗪⊾㗗⤪ỽ㺚德军ㆹᾹ䘬䓇㳣炻侴ㆹᾹ⍰㗗⤪ỽ㈿㉺炻ㆾ℞⮎䃉⼊ᷳᷕ炻ㆹᾹ ᶨ䚜ᶵ㕟㍍䲵慓䗪徸㻠≈慵℞ㆸ䁢䣦㚫㍏⇞䘬≃慷烎

䫔

䫔ᶱ䭨ġ! 㯪≑埴䁢

Parsons 㗗椾ỵ⮯慓䗪 䁢ᶨᾳ䣦㚫㍏⇞橼⇞䘬⬠侭炻Ṿ㇨㍸↢䕭Ṣ奺刚(sick role)㤪⾝㍸ὃㆹᾹḮ妋䔞ṢᾹ䓇䕭㗪炻㗗⤪ỽ⍵ㅱ冯嗽䎮炻䈡⇍㗗䕭Ṣ奺刚⤪ỽ⎰

㱽䘬⮯ῷⶖ䉨ン⭂佑ㆸ⎗塓㍍⍿䘬幓ấˤ侴㇨媪㯪≑埴䁢⇯㗗⮯嗽䎮冯⍵ㅱῷⶖ 䉨ン䘬忚ᶨ㬍㉥暊↢㯪≑冯ἧ䓐‍⹟㚵⊁䘬ね⼊ἄ㍊妶ˤ㛔䞼䨞↮⇍⚆栏Ḯ㚱斄 㕤㯪≑埴䁢冯㬠⚈䘬㔯䌣冯䚠斄䎮婾ˤ椾⃰炻⛐䇞㭵奒⮵㕤忶≽䕯⃺䪍䘬埴䁢㬠

⚈㕡朊炻役⸦⸜Ἦ炻⬠侭攳⥳斄㲐忶≽䕯⃺䪍⭞攟䘬㯪≑埴䁢炻䘤䎦⛐ᶵ⎴⚳⭞

㇨㍷徘䘬ね⼊㗗㚱⼰⣏䘬ⶖ䔘ˤKlasen 㕤 2000 ⸜䘬䞼䨞ᷕ㗗㍷徘Ḯ劙⚳⭞攟⮵㕤

⭞ᷕ㚱㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯⃺䪍䘬デ⍿冯㇨忯⚘⠫炻⎎⢾ḇ≈ℍ慓ⷓ䘬姒婯炻⽆ℑ 㕡奺⹎⍣⺢㥳↢䛇⮎ね⠫ˤ㔯䌣ᷕ㍸⍲炻⮵㕤⭞攟Ἦ婒炻⮵㕤⬑⫸埴䁢冱㬊䘬妋 慳㗗朆ⷠ慵天䘬ˤ䔞⬑⫸䡢姢㗪炻䇞㭵⼿⇘⬑⫸ˬ䓇䕭˭䘬妋慳⼴炻ὧ冺䶑Ḯ姙

⣂䃎ㄖ冯⚘べˤ㕤㬌⬠侭䘬䞼䨞ᷕ⏰䎦↢庫⣂䇞㭵娵䁢姢㕟㗗⇑⣂㕤⺲ˤ䃞侴冯

⎘䀋桐ね䚠䔘䘬㗗炻劙⚳䇞㭵天⍾⼿㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯䘬姢㕟嫱㖶㗗䚠䔞ᶵ⭡㖻 䘬炻䞼䨞㊯↢忁㗗⚈䁢䫔ᶨ䶂䘬⭞⹕慓ⷓ㑼ㄪ冒幓⇌㕟傥≃ᶵ嵛炻⎗傥䃉㱽㬋䡢 嗽䎮忁枭嬘柴炻⚈侴㟤⢾嫡ヶ⮷⽫㇨农(Klasen, 2000)ˤ

堐!Ḵ.2 ⭞攟⮵㕤⬑⫸䡢姢䁢㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯䘬㬠⚈

⭞攟⮵㕤⬑⫸䡢姢䁢㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯䘬㬠⚈

⽫䎮Ⰼ朊 䣦㚫冯⭞⹕䑘⠫ 怢⁛ 崭冒䃞

„ ⬠佺冯姀ㅞ

≃㚱斄

„ 冒栀(⬑⫸䘬

拗)

„ 朆冒栀

„ 㛒ㆸ䅇

„ ⮵⬠佺仢᷷

冰嵋

„ 冒屔

„ ⭞⹕䑘⠫䘬㓡嬲

„ 䣦㚫䑘⠫

„ ⬠㟉ㆾ㔁ⷓ

„ 䑘⠫ᶲ䘬㫢ὖ

„ 䓇䕭

„ ℞Ṿ幓橼⓷柴

„ 儎悐䘬⓷柴

„ 怢⁛ㆾ

ᶾ多

„ 崭冒䃞ㆾ⬿

㔁

屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉Wilcox et al., 2007

⎎⢾炻 Wilcox 䫱⬠侭㕤 2007 ⸜⛐⌘⹎䘬䞼䨞炻㶭㤂㍷徘Ḯ⭞攟䘬㬠⚈㧉⺷(堐 Ḵ.2)冯⮳㯪⋼≑䘬⮵尉冯䧖栆(堐Ḵ.3)ˤἄ侭䴻忶姒婯⭞攟ᷳ⼴炻㔜䎮↢⬑⫸䡢 姢䁢㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯ᷳ⼴炻䇞㭵䘬朊⮵忁ᾳ⓷柴㗪㇨㬠␶⍇⚈䧖栆(堐Ḵ.2)炻⎗

↮䁢⽫䎮Ⰼ朊ˣ䣦㚫冯⭞⹕䑘⠫ˣ怢⁛冯崭冒䃞ˤ⎗ẍ䚳↢㬠⚈㕤䓇䕭ᷳ⢾炻⮵

㕤⬑⫸䘬埴䁢堐䎦ṵ㚱姙⣂䘬妋慳ˤ侴㬠⚈ᶵ⎴炻ḇ㚫忈ㆸ䇞㭵⮳㯪⋼≑䘬⮵尉 冯㕡⺷ḇ㚫㚱㇨ᶵ⎴(堐Ḵ.3)ˤ⭞攟㚫⮳㯪⋼≑䘬⮵尉⎗傥㚱奒⍳ˣ⬿㔁Ṣⶪˣ⬠

㟉侩ⷓˣ慓ⷓㆾ℞ṾṢ⢓炻侴⽆ᶵ⎴⮵尉㇨⼿⇘䘬⋼≑ḇ㗗⬴ℐᶵ⎴䘬(Wilcox, 2007)ˤ

堐!Ḵ.3 㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯⃺䪍⭞攟⮳㯪⋼≑䘬⮵尉冯䧖栆 㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯⃺䪍⭞攟⮳㯪⋼≑䘬⮵尉冯䧖栆

⮳ 㯪

⋼

≑ 䘬

⮵ 尉 冯 㕡

⺷

␐怕奒⍳ 㔁做

⬿㔁Ṣ⢓ ⌈㗇,䣰䥙

⬠㟉⍲㔁ⷓ 墄佺䎕,㎃⬠㟉,冯侩ⷓ媖娊

䣦⋨ᷕ䘬慓ⷓ冯⽫䎮ⷓ 大㕡㱣䗪,朆大㕡㱣䗪,℞Ṿ慓䗪媖娊

℞Ṿ Ờ嬨, 㬊橼优

屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉Wilcox et al., 2007

℞㫉炻斄㕤㯪≑冯ἧ䓐㚵⊁埴䁢䚠斄䎮婾䘬悐ấ炻⣏悐↮䎮婾⣂ẍᾳṢ䁢㍊

妶朊⎹炻庫ⷠ塓⺽䓐䘬䎮婾冯㧉⺷ᷣ天䁢 Mechanic(1979)䘬ᶨ凔㯪≑䎮婾(general theory of help seeking)ˣSuchman(1965)䘬䕦䕭埴䁢昶㭝䎮婾(stages of illness and medical care theory)ˣAnderson (1968)慓䗪㚵⊁⇑䓐昶㭝㧉⺷(Generic health systems model)ˣRosenstock(1974)䘬‍⹟ᾉ⾝㧉⺷(Health belief model)炻ẍ⍲ Young(1980) ẍ慓䗪Ṣ栆⬠奨溆↢䘤䘬㮹὿慓䗪㰢䫾徼⼹(Ethnomedical choice-making approach)炻 ẍ⍲ Arthur Klienman 㕤 1970 ⸜ẋ㍸↢‍⹟䄏嬟䲣䴙↮慶䘬㤪⾝ˤ侴㛔䞼䨞ᷣ天⚆

栏䘬㗗 Suchman 䘬䕦䕭埴䁢昶㭝䎮婾ˤ

Suchman 䘬䕦䕭埴䁢昶㭝䎮婾⇯㗗⻟婧ᶨᾳṢ⽆䘤䎦䕦䕭⽝⃮⇘ㆸ䁢䕦䕭奺 刚(sick role)炻䷥ℙ㚫ὅ⸷䴻㬟Ḽᾳᶵ⎴䘬昶㭝ˤ忁Ḽᾳ昶㭝↮⇍㗗烉

1. 䕦䕭⽝⃮䘬䴻槿(symptom experience)烉⛐忁ᾳ昶㭝ᷕ炻ᾳṢ㚫䛇⮎デ⍿

⇘幓橼ᶲ䘬䕤䖃ㆾᶵ怑炻㍍叿ᾳṢ㚫シ嬀⇘忁ṃᶵ怑⎗傥㗗Ἦ冒㕤䕦䕭炻

⚈侴塓㘿䣢冒⶙⎗傥嗽㕤ᶨᾳ䕦䕭䉨ンᶳ炻᷎ᶼデ⇘忁ṃ䕭⽝⎗傥㚫⮵

䓇㳣忈ㆸ⦩傭ˤ

2. 䕦䕭奺刚䘬`姕(assumption of the sick role)炻ᷣ天㍊妶䘬㗗ᾳṢ攳⥳憅⮵

䕭⽝⮳㯪冺䶑䘬㕡⺷炻ἳ⤪冒ㆹ㱣䗪ㆾ⭞⹕慓䗪ˤ⎴㗪ᾳṢḇ㚫攳⥳⎹

慵天ṾṢ⮳㯪ᶨṃシ夳炻ἳ⤪␐怕奒⍳ˤ

3. 慓䗪䄏嬟䘬㍍妠(medical care contact)炻忁㗗⽆ⷠ㮹䲣䴙廱㎃军⮰㤕䲣䴙䘬 忶䦳炻侴⮳㯪慓䗪䄏嬟䘬Ἦ㸸忂ⷠ⎗ẍ⍵㗈ᾳṢ䘬䞍嬀㯜㸾炻屯㸸⎗⍾

⼿⿏冯ὧ⇑⿏ˤ

4. ὅ岜䕭Ṣ奺刚(the dependent-patient role)炻ᾳṢ⮯幓橼㍏⇞㪲廱䦣军慓䗪

⮰㤕侭ㇳᷕ炻᷎ᶼ堐䎦㍍⍿冯㚵⽆ˤ㟡㒂 Suchman 䘬⭂佑炻䚜⇘ᶳḮ忁 ᾳ㪲≃廱䦣䘬㰢⭂⼴炻ᾳṢㇵ䛇㬋ㆸ䁢ᶨᾳ䕭Ṣˤ

5. 䕲䗺ㆾᾖ⽑ˤ⛐忁ᾳ昶㭝炻ᾳṢ天 ↢㗗⏎㉳㡬䕭Ṣ奺刚䘬㰢⭂炻ᶼ⚆

⽑⇘⍇Ἦ⛐䣦㚫ᶲ䘬奺刚ˤỮ㗗㚱㗪῁䕭Ṣ㚫ᶵ栀㓦㡬䕭Ṣ奺刚炻侴怠 㑯墅䕭(malingering)ˤ

⎎⢾炻Suchman ḇ⻟婧慵天ṾṢ䘬奨溆炻㊯↢ᶨᾳṢ㇨Ⱄ䘬佌橼㚫⼙枧Ṿ䘬 㯪≑埴䁢ˤ᷎ᶼ⮯㇨Ⱄ佌橼↮ㆸḮῷ⎹⁛䴙ᶼ⮩攱䘬⛘⋨✳(parochial)炻ẍ⍲庫攳 㖶䘬悥㚫✳(cosmopolitan)ˤ⛘⋨✳Ⱄ㕤⮵㕤䕦䕭䞍嬀庫Ỷ炻⮵慓䗪䄏嬟庫⬀㚱㆟

䔹ン⹎䘬ⷠ㮹䲣䴙ˤ悥㚫⿏⇯㗗庫㚱䥹⬠奨溆炻⮵㕤慓䗪䄏嬟庫ᶵ㊩㚱㆟䔹ン⹎炻

⚈㬌塓 Suchman 娵䁢㗗庫傥⾓忇忚ℍ慓䗪䲣䴙䘬佌橼ˤ

劍⮯忶≽䕯冯㯪≑䎮婾ἄ䳸⎰炻 2006 ⸜ Eiraldi 䫱⬠侭䘬䞼䨞ᷕ炻㔜䎮↢忶

≽䕯⃺䪍䇞㭵奒⚃昶㭝䘬㯪≑埴䁢㧉⺷(堐Ḵ.4)ˤ䔞䇞㭵⼿䞍⬑⫸䁢㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶

≽䕯⃺䪍⼴炻℞䄏嬟ㇳ㭝↮⇍⛐埴䁢䲨⼳䘬枸旚㍒㕥冯㆚优㍒㕥ˣ䇞㭵冯⬑⫸䘬 䚠嗽㧉⺷ᶲ悥㚫㚱㇨㓡嬲ˤ(Eiraldi, Mazzuca, Clarke, & Power, 2006)ˤ

堐 Ḵ.4 ⮹㔠䧖㕷 ADHD ⃺䪍䇞㭵㯪≑⚃昶㭝㧉⺷

⓷柴娵䞍 㯪≑㰢䫾 㚵⊁怠㑯 㚵⊁ἧ䓐✳ン

䔘ⷠ冯ね⟙屯㕁 暨㯪姽Ộ

䇞 㭵 ⮇ 奢⇘ 䘬暨 㯪/晄䣁

℞ Ṿ ⺽ 䘤 ḳ ẞ (trigger)

侩ⷓ䈡岒 䇞㭵䈡岒

ᾳṢ⁦⎹⚈䳈 Ṣ⎋⬠䈡岒

⿸ㆤ⚈䳈

䣦㚫㔯⊾桐὿ 冯₡

ῤ

Ḯ妋㲐シ≃ᶵ 嵛忶

≽䕯䘬䞍嬀䦳⹎

䇞㭵㛇⼭冯ン⹎

旣䣁/Ὣ忚 䣦 ⋨ 冯 䣦 㚫 䵚䴉

㚵⊁䘬䈡岒 䣦㚫⚈䳈 䴻㾇⚈䳈

㚵⊁Ὣ忚侭 䄏嬟⑩岒 㚵⊁婈ᾉ 㱣䗪⾈婈⹎

㚵⊁䧖栆

➢䢶䄏嬟

⽫䎮‍⹟㚵⊁

⬠㟉㓗㊩冯婧䭨 朆㬋⺷䣦㚫䵚䴉

⮹⸜⎠㱽⇞⹎

屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉Eiraldi et al., 2006

㛔䭨⚆栏姙⣂㯪≑埴䁢䎮婾炻᷎Ḯ妋⇘⎬枭䎮婾㚱姙⣂慵䔲冯䚠Ụ䘬⛘㕡炻

⽆㔯䌣ᷕḇḮ妋⇘䇞㭵奒㬠⚈䧖栆䷩⣂炻ᶵ旸㕤慓䗪䘬妋慳ˤ䃞侴炻ὅ㒂 Suchman 䘬奨溆炻㔜ᾳ㯪≑埴䁢㗗᷎朆ᶨ䚜䶂䘬⎹⇵忚炻侴㗗⛐㭷ᾳ昶㭝ᶵ㕟慵墯ˣ⽒䑘ˤ

⚈㬌㛔䞼䨞⮯忁ṃ㧉⺷冯䎮婾ἄ䁢側㘗䞍嬀炻㍊䳊㭵奒䄏栏忶䦳ᷕ䘬㯪≑埴䁢ˤ

᷎ᶼ㟡㒂䞼䨞䳸㝄≈ẍ㔜䎮冯㍷徘ˤ

䫔

䫔ᶱ䪈ġ 䞼䨞㕡㱽

㛔䪈⮯↮䭨㍷徘䞼䨞⮵尉䘬姕⭂炻ẍ⍲⮵㕤⎬ᾳ㍍妠䭉忻䘬ṳ䳡ˤ᷎ᶼ⏰䎦 姒婯⣏䵙冯屯㕁㓞普䘬㕡⺷炻婒㖶㛔䞼䨞䘬ΐ䎮侫慷炻㚨⼴㔀徘⤪ỽ忚埴屯㕁↮

㜸㕡⺷䫱ˤ

䫔ᶨ䭨ġ! 䞼䨞⍫冯侭䘬怠㑯

㛔䞼䨞㚨⇅怠⭂姒婯⍫冯侭䁢⭞ᷕ㚱㚦塓䡢姢䁢㲐シ≃ᶵ嵛忶≽䕯⃺䪍䘬⭞

攟炻ᶵ姕旸䁢䇞奒ㆾ㭵奒ˤ䃞侴炻⮎晃⮳㈦冯㍍妠忶≽䕯⃺䪍䘬⭞⹕䘬㗪῁炻䘤 䎦栀シ㍍⍿姒婯䘬䘮ẍ㭵奒䁢ᷣˤ㛔䞼䨞⽆姒婯忶䦳㍐㷔⎗傥㗗⚈䁢⭞⹕ᷕ䇞奒 冯㭵奒奺刚⭂ỵᶵ⎴炻㭵奒忂ⷠ䁢ᷣ天䄏栏侭炻㗗㚨Ḯ妋⬑⫸䓇㳣ね㱩䘬Ṣ炻庫 傥⚆䫼冯㍷徘⬑⫸㖍ⷠ䓇㳣䘬䛇⮎朊尴ˤ䞼䨞㗪攻䁢 2011 ⸜ 11 㚰军 2012 ⸜ 5 㚰

⸽㬊炻ℙ㚱 20 ỵ㭵奒栀シㆸ䁢䞼䨞⍫冯侭᷎㍍⍿㛔䞼䨞ᷳ姒婯ˤ

䫔Ḵ䭨ġ! 㧋㛔䘬㍍妠

䞼䨞⍫冯侭䘬㍍妠㕡⺷ᷣ天⽆慓䗪㨇㥳ˣ䕭⍳⛀橼冯忶≽䕯⋼㚫ㆾ␐怕奒⍳

ṳ䳡炻劍㚱㍍⍿姒婯䘬シ栀炻ℵ婳ṳ䳡侭廱忼䞼䨞⍫冯侭䘬倗䴉㕡⺷炻䞼䨞侭ℵ

ᷣ≽冯ᷳ倗专ˤ椾⃰炻⛐慓䗪㨇㥳冯㮹攻䥩Ṣ㨇㥳忁ᾳ䭉忻炻㗗啱䓙慓昊ℏ䘬慓 䓇ˣ⽫䎮媖娊ⷓ䫱慓ḳṢ⒉䈥䶂炻ㆾ㗗㕤㮹攻䥩Ṣ⽑‍㨇㥳忚埴㓞㟰烊䕭⍳⛀橼 冯⋼㚫䘬䭉忻炻⇯㗗䞼䨞侭㏄⮳⛲攻姙⣂➢慹㚫ᷳ⼴炻㍍㳥℞ᷕ夷㧉㚨⣏ᶼ䳸㥳

⬴㔜䘬➢慹㚫ˤ䴻忶妶婾⼴炻娚⋼㚫栀冯㛔䞼䨞⎰ἄ炻᷎⎹℞㚫⒉⭞攟Ᾱ䘤ⶫ㛔 䞼䨞㊃㓔⍿姒侭ᷳ㴰〗炻劍㚱シ栀侭⇯ᷣ≽冯㛔䞼䨞倗专ˤ侴⛐␐怕奒⍳ṳ䳡䘬

㓞⍾屯㕁䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻䞼䨞侭娵䁢㚨⚘暋冯䃶䅔䘬卓忶㕤㗗䞼䨞⍫冯侭⣒暋㍍

妠ˤ㚨⇅晾䃞䩳⌛㈦⇘ᶨ⭞⮰攨⋼≑忶≽⃺⭞⹕䘬⋼㚫炻䃞侴⌣⚈ᾅ嬟晙䥩侴旣 䣁Ḯ㍍妠䘬⎗傥ˤ⚈㬌ὧ廱侴㯪≑␐怕奒㚳⤥⍳炻㇨⸠⚈㬌䓙奒⍳廱ṳ⸦ỵ㭵奒

㍍⍿姒婯ˤ侴⼴䞼䨞侭映临㍍妠借傥㱣䗪姢㇨ˣ䵚嶗䣦佌䵚䪁ˣ㔁㚫䫱䭉忻⍣㍊

䳊炻䃞侴⌣悥㗗⣏㴟㐰憅ˤ䞼䨞侭⛐忁㭝㛇攻䛤䜄䜄䚳叿䞼䨞䓘慶ᷕ炻⎬⭞慓昊 䘬慓ⷓˣ䚠斄㓗㊩⛀橼悥㑩㚱姙⣂⎗忋䴉⇘⎗傥⍫冯侭䘬㕡㱽炻䃞侴⎵䁢晙䥩ᾅ 嬟䘬檀䇮⌣⮯䞼䨞侭旣㑳⛐⢾炻⭃⤪䚳⇘旸⭂⓮⑩⎘䀋㰺㚱ẋ䎮ᶨ㧋㈤僽ˤ㇨⸠

⛐ᾅ嬟冯㍍妠ᷕ⍾⼿Ḯ⸛堉炻㛔䞼䨞㕤㚨⼴枮⇑⬴ㆸ屯㕁䘬㓞普ˤ㧋㛔㔠⇯㗗ẍ

㇨䌚屯㕁忼梥␴炻ẍ⍲㓭ḳℏ⭡慵央䁢 㬊溆ˤ

䫔

䫔ᶱ䭨ġ! 屯㕁䘬㓞普

屯㕁㓞普㳩䦳

㛔䞼䨞㗗ẍ㶙⹎姒婯㕡⺷忚埴屯㕁㓞普炻椾⃰㚫德忶⎬䧖䭉忻⍾⼿⎗傥⍫冯 侭䘬倗䴉㕡⺷炻冯℞忋䴉⼴⍾⼿⇅㬍⍿姒シ栀炻᷎ᶼ㑯㖍忚埴姒婯ˤ㭷㫉姒婯攳

⥳⇵䞼䨞侭㚫⃰冒ㆹṳ䳡炻Ṽ䳘婒㖶䞼䨞柴䚖ˣ䞼䨞䚖䘬冯⍫冯侭㪲䙲炻ℵ㫉䡢

⭂䞼䨞⍫冯侭䘬シ栀⼴炻㬋⺷忚埴㛔䞼䨞ᷳ姒婯ˤ姒婯⼴炻⇯㗗⮯抬枛㨼㔜䎮ㆸ 徸⫿䧧炻㬌悐ấ⎴㧋㚫ℵ䡢⭂⍫冯侭䘬シ栀ˤ

屯㕁㓞普ⶍ℟

㛔䞼䨞ᷳ屯㕁㓞普㕡⺷㍉䓐ᶨ⮵ᶨ㶙⹎姒婯炻᷎㕤姒婯⇵ὅ㒂 Suchman 㯪慓 埴䁢Ḽ昶㭝䎮婾⇞妪⇅㬍姒婯⣏䵙炻ẍ⸓≑姒婯忶䦳ᷕᶵῷ暊䞼䨞ᷣ柴炻᷎夾ᾳ

⇍姒婯ね㱩 ⻰⿏婧㔜ˤ姒婯⣏䵙娛夳㕤旬抬ᶨˤ

姒

姒婯⍫冯侭ᷳ➢㛔Ṣ⎋⬠屯㕁

姒婯⼴娊⓷⍿姒侭ᷳ奒⫸屯㕁(堐ᶱ.2)炻↮⇍䁢⸜漉ˣ㔁做䦳⹎ˣ借㤕ˣ䓇做

⫸⤛㔠ˣ⨂⦣䉨㱩ˣᾉẘ⬿㔁冯⯭ỷ⛘炻ẍ⍲⭞ᷕ忶≽䕯⬑䪍䘬䚠斄屯㕁炻⊭㊔

⸜漉ˣ⿏⇍ˣ⭞ᷕ㌺埴ˣ⯙⬠䉨㱩ˣ䡢姢㗪攻ˣἧ䓐喍䈑⎵䧙ˣ㗗⏎㊩临䓐喍ˤ

䫔⚃䭨ġ! 屯㕁↮㜸

劍ẍ屯㕁↮㜸夾䁢ᶨᾳ䑘䭨炻℞↮㜸㬍樇⤪ᶳ烉椾⃰㗗天教嬨徸⫿䧧炻᷎⮯

䞼䨞侭㚱斄䘬枸姕䩳⟜冯₡ῤ奨㙓㗪㒙伖ᶨ㕩炻⎒嬻屯㕁冒幓冯䞼䨞侭⮵娙炻⯽

䎦↢屯㕁ᷕ㇨喲⏓䘬䛇⮎朊尴ˤ℞㫉炻⇯㗗攳⥳㬠䲵䞼䨞⍫冯侭姒婯ℏ⭡炻⮳㈦

℞ᷕ䘬シ佑炻㈦↢ℙ⎴ᷣ柴⼴ℵ↮㜸㇨℟ℏ㵝䘬ⶖ䔘冯䚠⎴䁢ỽˤ屯㕁↮㜸冯屯 㕁㓞普⎗ẍ㗗⎴㗪忚埴䘬炻啱䓙ℑ侭攻䘬Ḻ≽炻↮㜸⇅㛇㇨⼿⇘䘬゛㱽⎗ẍ⸓≑

⼴临姒婯䓊䓇㕘䘬ᷣ柴冯㕡⎹炻侴㿴㲐㕘埨⼴䘬⼴临姒婯⍰傥㹳梲↢㕘䘬朊尴炻

⤪㬌⍵央㿴㲐冯㊾㍀䘬忶䦳炻嬻䞼䨞徸㻠層役䛇⮎炻ẍ⍲㚱≑㕤䞼䨞侭䡢娵屯㕁 㓞普㗗⏎⶚忼梥␴ˤ㛔䞼䨞䴻䓙屯㕁䘬㓞普冯㔜䎮炻䔍夷∫↢ℑ⣏ᷣ庠炻⊭㊔烉(1) 冯㚨⇅⽝⃮䴻槿ˣ㯪慓冯㱣䗪㚱斄䘬㔜橼䄏栏忶䦳炻ẍ⍲(2)㭵奒㍷徘䄏栏忶䦳ᷕ

㇨仢᷷䘬䣦㚫屯㸸ˤ

䫔Ḽ䭨ġ! 䞼䨞ΐ䎮

㛔䞼䨞䘬妰䔓㚠冯姒婯⣏䵙⶚忂忶冢⣏慓昊䞼䨞ΐ䎮⥼⒉㚫䘬⮑㞍ˤ㕤䞼䨞

➟埴朊炻䞼䨞侭㚫⮵䞼䨞⮵尉娛䳘婒㖶冯妋慳䞼䨞柴䚖ˣ䞼䨞䚖䘬ˣ䞼䨞忶䦳ẍ

⍲䞼䨞⍫冯侭䘬㪲⇑炻᷎ᶼ⛐抬枛⇵⏲䞍冯⍾⼿䞼䨞⮵尉䘬⎴シ炻᷎䯥会⎴シ㚠(旬 抬Ḵ)炻劍ᶵ⎴シ抬枛⇯ἧ䓐ㇳ⮓䲨抬姒婯㐀天䘬㕡⺷炻㓞普姒婯屯㕁ˤ䞼䨞侭⛐

忚埴䞼䨞㗪ḇ㚫ᶵ㕟⽝㯪䞼䨞⍫冯侭炻㗗⏎栀シ⛐忚埴ᶳ⍣ㆾ两临抬枛炻暨朆ⷠ

嫡ヶ冯㲐シ䞼䨞⮵尉㗗⏎㚱デ⍿⇘⮲慵ˤ⎎⢾炻⊭⏓徸⫿䧧冯抬枛㨼䫱㇨㚱姒婯 屯㕁ἄ䁢⬠埻䞼䨞䓐徼炻䞼䨞䳸㜇⼴㚫忚埴扟㭨炻旚㬊䞼䨞⮵尉䘬屯妲⢾㳩炻

18

堐ᶱ.2姒婯ᾳ㟰ᷳ奒⫸屯㕁 漉㔁做 䦳䦳⹎借㤕䓇做 ⫸⤛㔠⨂⦣ 䉨䉨㱩⬿㔁 ᾉᾉẘ⯭ỷ⛘⬑⫸ ⸜⸜漉⬑⫸ ⿏⿏⇍⭞ᷕ ㌺㌺埴⯙⬠䉨㱩䡢姢㗪攻㚦㚵䓐 喍喍䈑㗗⏎㊩ 临临䓐喍朆喍䈑䫾䔍 37⚳ᷕⶍ1╖奒ἃ㕘⊿ⶪ12䓟1⮷ℕ⮷⚃⇑Ṿ傥䃉→㚱忳≽ 43⣏⬠䣦ⶍ3╖奒➢䜋㟫⚺䷋13䓟3⮷ℕ⸤䧂⚺⮰⿅忼䃉→㚱ㇵ喅䎕 42檀ᷕ伶檖ⷓ1⶚⨂➢䜋㕘⊿ⶪ12䓟1⮷Ḽ⮷ᶨ⇑Ṿ傥㚱→䃉埴䁢㱣䗪 51⣏⬠冒䆇4⶚⨂ἃ剿㞿ⶪ22䓟4倬㤕⮷⚃䃉䃉⽫䎮㱣䗪,埴䁢㱣䗪 34⣏⬠喍ⷓ1⶚⨂忻㕘⊿ⶪ7䓟1⮷ᶨ⸤䧂⚺⇑/⮰㚱埴䁢㱣䗪,ㇵ喅䎕 40⚳ᷕ冐㗪ⶍ3⶚⨂ἃ⎘⊿ⶪ15,13䓟,䓟2,3⚳ᶨ,⮷ℕ⮷ᶱ,⮷Ḽ扛/⮰㚱䃉 43⣏⮰⓮2⶚⨂ἃ⎘⊿ⶪ11䓟1⮷Ḽ⮷Ḵ⇑/⮰㚱埴䁢㱣䗪 38檀借⓮2⶚⨂䃉㕘⊿ⶪ10䓟2⮷⚃⮷Ḵ⮰⿅忼㚱埴䁢㱣䗪 55檀借㚵⊁㤕1╖奒䃉⎘⋿ⶪ23䓟1⣏⚃⮷Ḵ埨㶭䳈㚱→䃉ᷕ慓 58檀借⓮2⶚⨂ἃ⎘⊿ⶪ18䓟2⣏ᶨ⸤䧂⚺䃉䃉ㇵ喅䎕 56⣏⬠㱽⓮2⶚⨂➢䜋㕘⊿ⶪ26䓟2䞼䨞㇨⮷ᶱ䃉䃉忳≽ 42⮰䥹㚵⊁㤕2⶚⨂ἃ㕘⊿ⶪ7䓟1⮷ᶨ⮷ᶨ⮰⿅忼㚱埴䁢㱣䗪 33⣏⬠⭞䭉1⶚⨂ἃ⎘⊿ⶪ9䓟1⮷ᶱ⮷ᶱ䃉䃉䃉 45檀借⓮2╖奒➢䜋⎘⊿ⶪ9䓟,⤛1,2⮷ᶱ⮷Ḵ⇑Ṿ傥㚱䃉 55⣏⮰⭞䭉1⶚⨂䃉⎘⊿ⶪ18⤛1檀ᶱ⮷Ḵ⮰⿅忼㚱ㇵ喅䎕 49檀借伶⭡2⶚⨂䃉⎘⊿ⶪ13䓟2⚳ᶨ⮷ᶨ⇑Ṿ傥㚱䃉 35檀借ℏ⊌1⶚⨂ἃ⎘⊿ⶪ7䓟1⮷ᶨᷕ䎕⇑/⮰㚱埴䁢㱣䗪 45⮰䥹墥忈㤕1⶚⨂➢䜋⎘⊿ⶪ14䓟1⚳Ḵ⮷Ḵ䃉䃉䃉 50䞼䨞㇨㔁ⷓ2⶚⨂➢䜋⎘⊿ⶪ17䓟2檀ᶨ檀ᶨ⇑Ṿ傥㚱䃉 40⮰䥹ᾅ㭵2⶚⨂忻⎘⊿ⶪ10,7䓟1,2⮷⚃,⮷ᶨ⸤䧂⚺,⸤⸤䎕⇑/⮰,⇑㚱埴䁢㱣䗪

䫔

䫔⚃䪈ġ 䞼䨞䳸㝄

㛔䞼䨞ᷣ天䚖䘬㗗ⶴ㛃⇾㜸㭵奒Ᾱ⛐䄏栏忶≽䕯⬑⫸䘬忶䦳ᷕ⒒ṃ㗗枮ㅱ慓 䗪⊾ㆾ㈿慓䗪⊾烎侴忁ṃね⼊⍰㗗⤪ỽ䘤䓇ˣỽ㗪䘤䓇炻ẍ⍲䘤䓇⼴⮵㕤䄏栏忶 䦳㇨忈ㆸ䘬⼙枧䁢ỽ烎䃞侴炻㯪≑埴䁢㗗ᶨᾳᶵ㕟⽒䑘ˣ嬲≽䘬墯暄忶䦳炻⚈㬌

⚆栏䚠斄㯪≑埴䁢䎮婾⼴炻㛔䞼䨞⃰ẍ枮㔀㕡⺷⏰䎦↢⬴㔜䘬䄏栏冯㯪≑忶䦳炻 Ỹẍ㭵奒Ᾱ䘬姒婯屯㕁炻䫔Ḵ䭨攳⥳⇯㗗㬠䲵㔜䎮↢䔞⇵㭵奒娵䁢䎦Ṳ䣦㚫屯㸸 㚱㇨仢᷷䘬朊⎹炻嬻嬨侭傥枮⇑ᶼ⾓忇䘬Ḯ妋㬌嬘柴䘬䛇⮎㧋尴炻᷎⛐抒昛ᶲṵ 傥堐忼↢冯慓䗪⊾䎮婾䘬忋䳸ˤ

⮎晃姒婯忶䦳ᷕ炻㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦忶≽䕯⃺䪍㭵奒䘬䄏栏冯㯪≑忶䦳℟㚱䌐䈡⿏炻 㛔䞼䨞⮯䳸㝄↮ㆸ烉⽝⃮䴻槿ˣ㯪慓忶䦳ˣ喍䈑ἧ䓐ˣ朆喍䈑䫾䔍炻ẍ⍲婧怑㬠

⚈䫱昶㭝ˤ㛔䞼䨞⻟婧炻⎬昶㭝᷎朆⏰䚜䶂⿏䘤⯽炻ḇᶵ㗗傥⣈⬴ℐ㶭㤂∫↮炻 侴䁢㯪㚠⮓傰䴉㶭㤂冯嬨侭教嬨忂枮炻䔍↮ㆸᶲ徘Ḽᾳ昶㭝ˤ

䫔ᶨ䭨ġ! ⽝⃮䴻槿!

䕦䕭⽝⃮䘬䴻槿ᷕ炻䔞ḳṢデ⍿⇘幓橼ᶲ䘬䕤䖃ㆾᶵ怑炻⎗傥㚫娵䁢㗗Ἦ冒 㕤䕦䕭炻⚈侴妋嬨ㆸ冒⶙㗗嗽㕤䕦䕭䉨ンᷳᶳ炻᷎ᶼ忁ṃ⽝⃮⎗傥㚫⮵䓇㳣忈ㆸ

⦩傭ˤ姒婯忶䦳ᷕ炻⣏⣂㔠㭵奒㍷徘⇘⬑⫸䡢姢⇵炻悥㚱シ嬀⇘⬑⫸䈡⇍婧䙖ˣ 忶⹎㳣㻹炻奢⼿⬑⫸㭼庫暋䭉㔁炻䃞侴㭵奒Ᾱ⌣ᶵ㚫冒䘤⿏䘬⮯⬑⫸䘬妨埴嶇忶

≽䕯䘬䕭⽝ 倗゛ˤἳ⤪ M08 ㍸⇘⬑⫸䘬䡢ᶵ㗗㔯朄ᾳ⿏炻娵䁢⎒㗗䚠⮵㕤℞Ṿ

⬑⫸㳣㻹ᶨṃ炻ᶵ㚫倗゛⇘㗗忶≽䕯ˤ

Ȩ൩ࢂᇥό཮ࡐӼᓉǴёࢂٗਔংΞ᝺ளλܻ϶КၨࢲዃԶςୟǴό཮᝺ளᇥԖ ၸ୏ޑ௃׎Ƕȩ(M08)

M15 ⇯ᶵ娵䁢⬑⫸㚱㭼庫䈡⇍炻㚜╄ッṾ⍵ㅱ⾓ˣ㳣㻹⎗ッ䘬堐䎦炻娵䁢⬑

⫸㗗屯⃒䓇ˤ

Ȩλ࠸ηޑᖐ୏ךؒԖ᝺ளКၨ੝ձǴך᝺ளӴࢂၗᓬғǴך᝺ளӴࡐࢲዃёངǴ ฅࡕϸᔈࡐזǴฅࡕӴԖ΋٤ϸᔈ೿ᡣך᝺ளࡐᡋ೗࡛ሶ཮೭ኬǶȩ(M15)

M03 ⇯㗗⮵⬑⫸䘬埴䁢 ⎰䎮妋慳炻娵䁢忁㗗⽆冒䓙㔁做䘬⸤䧂⚺忚ℍ⇞⺷

㔁做䘬⮷⬠㇨䓊䓇䘬怑ㅱᶵ列ˤ

ȨךࢂעѬӝ౛ϯှញǴգёૈ΋Πηћ೭ঁ࠸ηӧՏη΢֤΋୸ፐǴځჴࢂᅈ

ࡷᏯޑǶȩ(M03)

侴 M07 ḇ㍸⇘䎦⛐䘬⬑⫸㘖念冒ㆹシ嬀⻟䁰炻㇨ẍ∃攳⥳ᶵ娵䁢⬑⫸埴䁢㚱 䔘㕤ṾṢˤ

Ȩ…Ѵ࿧༜ޑਔংό཮᝺ளၟځдλ࠸ό΋ኬǴѝࢂКၨڰ୺ǵКၨ୲࡭΋ᗺǴ ځჴεཷλ࠸ηΨ೿཮Ԗ೭ᅿੱރǴλ࠸η౜ӧࡐҜୟǵԾךཀ᛽Кၨமਗ਼…ځ ჴࡐӭλ࠸೿཮Ԗ೭Бय़ޑୢᚒ…܌аٗਔংό཮੝ձ᝺ளᇥ࡛ኬǶȩ(M07)

㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦忶≽䕯⬑䪍䘬㭵奒㚨⇅ᶵ㚫娵䁢⬑⫸䘬⤥≽㯋岒㗗嶇䕦䕭㚱斄炻 䓂军㚱ṃ㭵奒娵䁢忁㗗ᾳ㬋ⷠ䓂军㗗㬋朊䘬Ṣ㟤䈡岒ˤ䃞侴炻劍㗗㛔幓⯙℟⁁䚠 斄䞍嬀䘬㭵奒炻ὧ㚫⼰⾓嬎奢⬑⫸䘬䔘㧋炻᷎䚜㍍倗゛⇘忶≽䕯䘬䕭⽝ˤἳ⤪㛔 幓借㤕㗗⸤㔁侩ⷓ䘬 M20炻⚈䁢㚱㍍妠忶忶≽䕯⬑䪍炻⚈㬌⼰㖑⯙䘤䎦⇘⬑⫸冯 ṾṢᶵ⎴ᷳ嗽炻᷎㆟䔹㗗⏎⯙㗗忶≽䕯ˤ

Ȩд൩ࢂ΋ྃӭޑਔংǴࢲ୏ໆ൩К΋૓ӕԃសޑ࠸ηᗋाεǴӢࣁϐ߻ךҁي

ࢂѴ௲ԴৣǴٗךԖௗ᝻ၸၸ୏ੱޑλܻ϶Ǵٗёૈࢂךϐ߻ޑ࿶ᡍփǻ܌аΨ ൩཮ᚶᅪᇥךޑλ࠸ࢂόࢂԖ೭ኬޑރݩǶȩ(M20)

昌Ḯ㭵奒冒幓デ⍿ᷳ⢾炻℞Ṿ⚵丆⛐⬑⫸幓㕩䘬奒⍳Ᾱ⎴㧋㚫⍣⼙枧㭵奒䘬 䄏栏忶䦳ˤ䔞㭵奒デ⇘ḳ㚱已価㗪炻㭵奒Ᾱ㚫㚱⽝娊␐怕奒⍳シ夳䘬≽ἄ炻侴㚨 奒役䘬ᷣ天㗗惵„冯℔⧮ˤ⣂㔠㭵奒廱徘奒⍳Ᾱ䘬㚨⇅⍵ㅱ炻ṵ䃞悥㗗娵䁢ᶵ暨

⮷柴⣏ἄ炻冯㭵奒㚨⇅䘬デ⍿䚠Ụˤἳ⤪ M05 ㍸⇘炻⤡䘬奒⍳娵䁢⬑⫸㛔Ἦ⯙㗗

Ȩдॺ཮᝺ளᇥλ࠸ηόࢂ൩೭ኬη༏ǻჹ഻៿ޑࡐԖᑫ፪Ǵჹό഻៿ޑ൩ؒᑫ

፪Ǵٗλ࠸ηӳ୏ၟ๗Ꮣόࢂҁٰ൩೭ঁኬη༏ǻȩ(M05)

M01 ⇯廱徘⸜攟奒⍳䘬シ夳炻娵䁢⬑⫸䘬⤥≽⎒㗗ᶨ䧖䁢Ḯ⺽崟ṾṢ㲐シ䘬 堐忼㕡⺷ˤ

Ȩၸ୏ٽޑੱރӧԴ΋፸ޑΓᖱǴдॺ཮᝺ளдѝࢂགྷा֎ЇգޑݙཀΚǶȩ(M01)

晐叿⬑⫸徸㻠攟⣏炻忚ℍḮ⬠㟉⯙嬨炻㭵奒攳⥳㗪ⷠ㚫⽆⬠㟉㍍䌚⬑⫸冯Ṿ Ṣ䓊䓇堅䨩ˣ⸚㒦ṾṢ⬠佺䘬ね⼊ˤ忁ṃḳẞ䔞ᷕ炻㚱ṃ㗗„䘤⿏䘬慵⣏堅䨩炻 ㆾ㗗㊩临⿏䘬⮷ḳẞᶵ㕟䳗䧵炻憅⮵忁㧋䘬⽫嶗㬟䦳炻M02 㚱 娛䳘㔀徘ˤ Ȩ…Դৣ΋ޔӧᇥ…⁷ǻλ࠸ηࡐࢲዃ୚Ǽ࣮ଆٰ೿ࡐ҅தǴёࢂ൩ࢂԴࢂ཮Ԗ ރݩǴ฻ΠوၸѐǴဌ཮՜рٰǴฅࡕך؂ϺѐᏢਠǴך൩཮གྷᇥόाԖ٣௃ǵ όाԖ٣௃…Ԗਔং࣮๱Γৎङ๱…Ԗਔং࣮ډङڙ໾ޑλ࠸ηрٰǴך೿཮ඣ

΋ΠǴ൩གྷ཮ό཮ࢂךৎλ࠸׋ޑǴך཮ԖᗺᏼЈǼȩ(M02)

䓙㕤忶≽䕯⬑䪍⣂㚱妠奢㓷デ䘬ね⼊炻ḇ⯙㗗⮵㕡䃉らシ䘬妠䡘⌣㚫婌ẍ䁢

⮵㕡天㓣㑲ㆾ㚱らシ炻侴怠㑯䩳⌛⍵㑲炻忁㗗忶≽⃺⬑䪍冯␐怕⎴₽ㆾ侩ⷓ䘤䓇 堅䨩䘬⍇⚈ᷳᶨˤM01 憅⮵忁ᾳね⼊ Ḯ㍷徘炻㍸⇘⎴⬠妠䡘⇘⬑⫸炻⬑⫸⯙㚫 䩳⌛⍵㑲炻ḇ⚈㬌忈ㆸ⼴临䘬堅䨩ˤ

ȨӧдᗋؒԖѐ࣮ၸ୏ٽੱރϐ߻ǴӧᏢਠӕᏢѝा࿘д΋ΠǴд൩චЋѺΓǵ චৼѐ඙ΓǴჹ֔Ǽ൩ؒᒤݤୟ…ၸ୏ٽޑ௃ᆣ੿ޑࡐᜤ௓ڋǼȩ(M01)

昌Ḯ堅䨩ḳẞᷳ⢾炻⬠㟉侩ⷓḇ㚫ᶵ㕟⎹㭵奒奒⍵ㅱ⬑⫸⬠佺ね㱩ᶵἛ䘬䉨 㱩炻ᷣ天䘬ね⼊㗗⮵㕤ᶵ╄㬉䘬婚㤕⯙㚫⏰䎦⼰㖶栗䘬冰嵋仢仢ˤἳ⤪ M08 䘬⬑

⫸⚈䁢ᶵ⮰⽫䘬䶋㓭炻暨天便屣庫攟㗪攻 ἄ㤕ˤ

Ȩ…дёૈ൩ࢂ΢ፐ൩ࢂᅈό஑ЈޑǴ൩ࢂёૈቪфፐό஑ЈǴᗋࢂቪঁܿՋा

ቪࡐΦǴӕኬޑܿՋёૈձΓ଺ଆٰࡐזд൩ाܦࡐΦǶȩ(M08)

昌Ḯ⬠佺ᶵ⮰㲐ᷳ⢾炻忶≽䕯⬑䪍⛐婚➪ᶲ㚫㚱⼙枧℞Ṿ⎴⬠䘬ね⼊炻ἳ⤪

ȨԖ٤Դৣᇥд཮วр܁ᖂ…ך൩ᇥϙሶћ܁ᖂǻд൩ᇥԖ٤…༕ɴ༕ɴޑǴٗ

Ԗਔংόࢂࡺཀว๏Դৣ᠋ǴԖਔং൩дԾρࢂคཀ᛽ޑ…Ƕȩ(M02)

M12 ⇯㍸⇘㚨⇅⸤䧂⚺侩ⷓ㚦⏲䞍⬑⫸ᶵ㚵䭉㔁ᶼ㚫⛐婚➪ᷕ崘≽炻ỮṾ娵 䁢⬑⫸䘬埴䁢㗗冯⸤䧂⚺冒䓙⺷䘬ᶲ婚䑘⠫㚱斄Ὢ䘬炻㇨ẍ䔞㗪᷎ᶵ奢⼿忁㗗♜

慵䘬⓷柴ˤ

Ȩଽᅟᗋࢂ཮᠋Դৣᇥдόܺவᆅ௲Ǵ܈΢ፐາрѐ௲࠻Ѧय़Ǵٗך᝺ளёૈࢂ

΢ፐᕉნϼ free ΑǴ൩᝺ளΨؒϙሶ…Ƕȩ(M12)

M10 ḇ㍸⇘⬑⫸㚫 ↢䇔䨿㇞䘬埴䁢炻⌛ὧ侩ⷓ⮯Ṿ斄ỷ炻Ṿṵ䃞㚫 ↢忁 䧖⌙晒冱≽ˤ

ȨԴৣ൩ᇥǴ΋ٰ൩ݽืЊǼࡕٰΞݽࡂഗǼࡕٰ൩עд׬ѐᜢ൵܌…д൩ाݽ

൵܌ݽрٰ…ȩ(M10)

⽆⬠㟉㍍Ḵ忋ᶱ䘬⼿䞍⬑⫸ῷⶖ䘬埴䁢炻忁㗪῁㭵奒攳⥳デ⇘ㄪ⽫炻ℵ㫉⎹

␐怕奒⍳媖娊シ夳炻ᷣ天㗗冯䇞奒 妶婾炻Ữ⣂㔠㭵奒ṵ㍸⇘奒⍳Ᾱὅ冲⮵㬌デ

⇘ᶵẍ䁢䃞炻䓂军⚈㬌㚱㇨䇕⏝ˤM12 䘬ᶰ⣓⮵㕤⬠㟉⍵ㅱ⬑⫸妨埴䘬㍷徘㗗デ

⇘ᶵẍ䁢䃞䘬炻㗗䪁⛐⍵⮵冯㈿㉺䘬䩳⟜炻᷎ᶼ娵䁢⥣⫸⮯ḳね䚳⼿⣒♜慵Ḯ炻

⚈㬌忈ㆸ⼴临 M12 ⣓⥣㗪ⷠ䘬䇕⏝ˤ

ȨၟӃғ୘ໆǴӃғ᝺ளךϼλᚒεբǴд᝺ளдޑλ࠸ؒԖୢᚒǴځჴךॺ࿶

ၸٿঁДޑݾ֐ȩ(M12)

M18ḇ㍸⇘䔞⤡㊧忶≽䕯䚠斄㚠䯵⚆⍣嶇ᶰ⣓妶婾炻ᶰ⣓デ⇘ᶵẍ䁢䃞ᷳ检炻 㚜娵䁢㗗⤡㰺㚱侸⽫䄏栏⮷⬑炻ㇵ娵䁢⬑⫸㚱忶≽䕯ˤ

Ȩฅࡕך൩Ԗວ΋ҁӣѐ๏ךӃғ࣮ǴךӃғ൩όᇡӕǴགྷᇥ࠸ηᗋٗሶλǴব

ঁλ࠸όࢲዃӳ୏ǻόႤҜǻд൩όᇡࣁࢂ೭ኬǴд൩᝺ளᇥࢂךؒऐЈǶȩ(M18)

℞㫉炻㭵奒ḇ㚱㍸⇘炻幓㕩奒⍳㚫娵䁢忁ṃῷⶖ埴䁢㗗⚈䁢䇞㭵奒䭉㔁ᶵ䔞炻 侴㗪㚱屔⁁ˤ奒⍳Ᾱ᷎朆ᷣ天䄏栏侭炻䃉㱽橼婺㭵奒䘬彃⊆炻ἳ⤪ M04 ㍸⇘⤡䘬

⥲⥡Ᾱ悥娵䁢⬑⫸䘬妨埴㗗䓙⤡䷙⭡ˣ⮝㹢侴忈ㆸ䘬炻᷎ᶼ⤡娵䁢⌛ὧᷳ⼴⬑⫸

䡢姢Ḯ炻⤡Ᾱ᷎ᶵ㚫⚈䁢⬑⫸㗗忶≽⃺侴㚱㇨橼婺ˤ

ȨךԾρޑۆۂ೿᝺ளᇥǴপ֔Ǽգ൩ࢂᕵ৒Ծρޑλ࠸ηǴ܌аλ࠸ηω཮བ ԋ೭ኬǼךၟգᇥǴךԾρޑۆۂ೿ό཮ᡏፊգΑǴό཮ᇡࣁգ࠸ηၸ୏ٽǶȩ (M04)

㭵奒䘬⡻≃㖍㻠䳗䧵炻ḇ⮵㕤⬑⫸妨埴㐠ᶵ叿柕䵺ˤ䃞侴炻䨞䪇㗗婘䈥崟Ḯ 㭵奒儎㴟ᷕ䕦䕭冯⬑⫸妨埴䘬䶂␊烎䞼䨞䘤䎦䓙㕤⬑⫸⣏悐↮䘬㗪攻悥㗗⛐㟉⚺

ℏ炻侴侩ⷓ冯⎴⬠㗗冯⬑⫸䚠嗽㚨⣂䘬⮵尉ˤ➢㕤ᶲ徘䘬ね㱩炻忂ⷠ悥㗗䓙侩ⷓ

⍣⏲䞍㭵奒婒ṾᾹ䘬⬑⫸暨天⯙慓䘬妲〗ˤỮ㗗炻侩ⷓᶵᶨ⭂悥㚱⬠忶䈡㔁炻㚱 ṃ㭵奒㇨忯⇘䘬侩ⷓᷳ㇨ẍ⎗㖶䡢⏲䞍⬑⫸䔹Ụ㚱忶≽䕯炻⎗傥㗗⚈䁢㚱⍿忶䈡 㔁䘬妻䶜ˤἳ⤪ M05 ㍸⇘⬑⫸䘬侩ⷓ㚱䈡㔁側㘗炻侩ⷓ⛐奨⮇ᶨ⸜ᷳ⼴ὧ忂䞍⭞

攟⇵⼨慓昊 姢㕟䘬暨天ˤ

ȨԴৣፎךॺ஥дѐٽЈᢀჸຑ՗࠸ηޑރݩǴԴৣҁيԖᏢၸ੝௲Ǵӧдᢀჸ

΋᏾ԃࡕ֋ນךॺ࠸ηሡाፎᙴғᔅԆຑ՗…Ƕȩ(M05)

℞㫉炻倗䴉䯧㗗侩ⷓ冯⭞攟䘬慵天倗专䭉忻炻侴侫娎ㆸ䷦⇯㗗槿㓞⬑⫸⬠佺 䉨㱩䘬嫱㖶ˤ侩ⷓ⮯忶≽䕯⃺䪍㇨䘤䓇䘬ḳẞ悥⍵ㅱ⛐㭷㖍䘬倗䴉䯧ᶲ炻᷎ᶼ㗪

ⷠㇻ暣娙䴎⭞攟炻⬠㟉䘬晐➪侫ˣ㭝侫ㆾ冐㗪㷔槿䘬ㆸ䷦悥ᶵ䓂䎮゛炻忁ṃね⼊

悥嬻㭵奒Ᾱデ⍿⇘㤝⣏⡻≃冯屈㑼ˤM12 ⯙㚱㍸⇘侩ⷓ㚫⛐倗䴉䯧ᶲ⮓ᶳ⬑⫸㚱 姙⣂ᶵㅱ娚⛐⬠㟉墉↢䎦䘬ˬᶵ怑䔞埴䁢˭ˤ

ȨԴৣӧᖄ๎ᛛቪдό፾྽ޑՉࣁǴхࡴ΢ፐό஑ЈǴ৒ܰکӕᏢଆፂँǴόܺ

வԴৣᆅ௲ǴԴৣ᝺ளдࢂόࢂ೭ኬޑλܻ϶ћך஥дѐ࣮ᙴғǶȩ(M12)

M11 㚜䈡⇍⻟婧侩ⷓ㗪ⷠㇻ暣娙Ἦ⏲䉨䘬㗪攻炻䧙䔞㗪䘬⿸ㆤ䁢ˬ⚃溆⋩↮

䕯῁佌˭ˤḳ昼⣂⸜ὅ䃞姀⼿䔞㗪䘬䡢↯㗪攻溆炻⎗夳䔞㗪䘬䡢嬻㭵奒㚱叿㶙⇣ⶐ

⣏䘬⡻≃ˤ

ѤᗺΜϩੱংဂǴࡐ܂ௗډԴৣႝ၉Ǵႝ၉ٰך൩Ӄ࣮ࢂόࢂᏢਠٰޑǴٗࢤਔ ໔ዖၸѐΑǴ੿ޑࡐᜤၸǴࡐಕǶ˭(M11)

䃞侴炻ḇ㚱㭵奒⮵⬠㟉䓊䓇❳⿐ˤM10 ㍸⇘⮵⬠㟉䘬⣙㛃炻⤡娵䁢⼿ᶵ⇘⬠

㟉屯㸸炻ᶼ⤡䁢Ḯ⬑⫸⍣⬠㟉⸓⾁炻㚨⼴⌣塓天㯪廱⬠ˤ

Ȩ…ځჴךჹᏢਠࡐѨఈǴؒԖϼӭޑၗྍ๏ךॺǴךࣁΑдǴךѐ྽ངЈ༰༰Ǵ ךΨӧᔅΓৎ஥λ࠸Ǵ่݀дॺћךλ࠸ᙯᏢǴٗך൩གྷᇥךζٽΨ᠐Ǵٗךό ൩Ԑ΢ाາٿঁᏢਠǻٗգᇥζٽ΋ଆᙯǴٗӴ᠐ޑӳӳޑࣁϙሶाᙯǻȩ(M10)

㭵奒ỽ㗪ⷞ⬑⫸⍣ 姢㕟䘬㗪㨇⇯㗗⍿侩ⷓ⮵㕤⬑⫸⽵⍿䦳⹎䘬⼙枧ˤἳ⤪

M04㰢⭂ⷞ⬑⫸⍣慓昊ἄ姢㕟䘬斄挝炻㗗⚈䁢㟉㕡天⮯⬑⫸徸↢㟉⚺炻姒婯ᷕ M04

⮵㬌デ⇘䚠䔞㯋ㅌˤ

Ȩ…(ౣ)…΋ޔϲډϖԃભޑਔংǴٗӢࣁٗঁ୯λࢂၗᓬᏢਠǴӧभਪεৎ೿གྷ ᔒ຾ѐޑܴࢃᏢਠǴ܌аখӳךٽηϩډޑٗঁ੤ࢂၗᓬ੤ǴٗԴৣখӳ൩Кၨ…

൩ࢂёૈᏢғޑৎߏ೿ࢂᙴғୟǵԴৣୟ…дёૈόࢂᝄ਱Ǵ൩ࢂགྷा؃ӳ…Ƕ

ٗёૈךλ࠸ηখ΢ፐޑਔং൩཮ҧპٰ݈ވୟǴٗд൩᝺ளךλ࠸η࡛ሶາٰ

າѐǴ཮ቹៜډ੤΢ޑજׇୟ…Ƕ܌ад൩ࡐОεǴд൩໒ۈԖ…(ౣ)…൩੤Ꮴৣ

൩཮ჹךॺԖװᔐǶд൩פЬҺୟǵਠߏୟ…ځдᏢғޑৎߏ΋ଆٰୟǴᇥा໒

཮ୟǴעךޑ࠸η…൩ࢂᇴр೭ঁਠ༜Ƕȩ(M04)

䃞侴⮵㕤⬠㟉㊃攳㚫嬘炻M16 ⇯㗗㚱ᶵ⎴䘬䚳㱽ˤ⤡娵䁢⬠㟉㊃攳㚫嬘䘬䚖 䘬㗗䁢Ḯ天⸓≑⤡䘬⬑⫸炻㇨ẍ⤡䔞㗪㫋䃞㍍⍿炻Ữ㚨⼴㗗ᶵḮḮᷳ䘬䳸㝄ˤM16 ḳ⼴⚆゛⯙デ⇘㆟䔹炻ḇ姙䔞⇅⬠㟉᷎朆䪁⛐⤡㇨゛䘬列⤥↢䘤溆ˤ

Ȩдॺགྷा໒ঁਢ཮᝼ǴךགྷᇥӳࠐǴךؒԖܔ๊Ǵག᝺ᇥգॺाٰᔅךΑǼё

ࢂգޕၰԖ٤Ꮲਠा໒೭ঁǴৎߏޑགڙࢂךाௗڙϦቩΑǼӢࣁ൩ࢂᇶᏤԴৣǵ ਠߏ…΋୴Γ֤ԋ΋୮Ǵᇥգ೭࠸η೿ό١ओǼдԖϙሶϙሶୢᚒओǼԖΓ཮᝺

ளࢂϦቩǴёࢂך཮᝺ள໒೭ঁ཮᝼ࢂࣁΑдӳǴך཮เᔈǶ…(ౣ)…Ԗਔং೭ᅿ

཮᝼ࢂᏢਠགྷाٰᔅգǴҔന၈ᔊޑЈٰୢډۭ࡛ሶΑǻӳႽঁ཮ບ…(ౣ)…ёࢂ

дࡕٰڗ੃Ǵך൩གྷᇥд཮ό཮ځჴόࢂाٰᔅךǻдޑҞޑབόӳࢂाٰᇥ೭

ঁৎߏϼᜤབΑǴाᡣӴޕၰ቉্Ǵޕၰд࠸ηӭᜤབǵӭ֫ᛖεৎǴךࢂࡕٰ

ωޕૈຫٰຫӭǴωӣགྷ྽ਔޑ௃ݩ୚Ƕȩ(M16)

䃞侴炻ḇ㚱㭵奒⮵㕤侩ⷓ⽵⍿⹎㍸↢⎎⢾䘬䚳㱽ˤM19㊯↢⬑⫸ㆸ攟忶䦳ᷕ炻

᷎朆㭷ỵ侩ⷓ悥䃉㱽⽵⍿⤡䘬⬑⫸炻⯙⚈䁢⬑⫸忯⇘䘬㇨㚱侩ⷓᷳᷕ炻㫋岆䘬Ṣ

⣂忶㕤ᶵ㫋岆䘬Ṣ炻㇨ẍ⤡ὧᶵ㚫シ嬀⇘⬑⫸暨天⯙慓ˤ

Ȩ…೭ᗺך൩Ԗ٤࣮ݤǴӢࣁԖ٤Դৣдёаௗڙ࠸ηԖബཀǴд൩᝺ளOKǴٗ

࠸ηΨԖၶၸԴৣό᝺ளOKޑǴ൩ڙόΑǴ܌аځჴд᏾ঁλᏢၸำ྽ύǴԖԴ

ৣࡐݒ፞д൩᝺ளࡐӳǴΨԖԴৣ᝺ளόӳ൩૸ჇдǶόݒ፞൩཮᝺ள೭ঁ࠸η

ࢂԖഞྠǶ…(ౣ)…Դৣჹдޑݒ፞ӭၸܭόݒ፞Ǵ܌а൩ό཮Ԗ೭ኬηޑ᝺ளᇥ ך࠸η࡛ኬ…Ƕȩ(M19)

䔞侩ⷓᶵ㕟⍵ㅱ⬑⫸䘬ね㱩炻㭵奒Ᾱℏ⽫徸㻠䳗䧵姙⣂⡻≃炻侴䳪䨞嶷ᶲḮ 㯪慓ᷳ徼ˤ⮵㕤㯪慓䘬⍇⚈炻M16 ㍸⇘㗗䁢Ḯ妋昌䔞⇵㶟Ḫ䉨㱩炻劍傥崽⾓㚱喍 䈑䘬㱣䗪炻⤡⯙㚫⮹㍍⇘⬠㟉䘬暣娙Ḯˤ

Ȩ…ٗךॺΨࡐ࡚Ǽ೭ኬНుО዗ǼૈόૈᇴזӃӞ΋ᗭᛰǴૈόૈӃӼᓉΠٰǴ ൩όाӆѺႝ၉๏ך܈ღڮೱᕉ⟚ΑǼȩ(M16)

M03 堐忼↢䃉⣰䘬⽫ね炻⤡娵䁢劍ⷞ⬑⫸⍣慓昊⯙姢炻侩ⷓㇵ㚫娵䁢⤡㚱惵

⎰⬠㟉㊯䣢炻忋䴉㛔ᶲ䘬㉙⿐ḇ㚫⮹ᶨṃˤ⚈㬌炻㭵奒ℏ⽫ṵ㚱㈿㉺⯙慓䘬⽫ン炻 侫ㄖ⇘天䴎㟉㕡ㆾ⮶ⷓᶨᾳṌẋ炻ㆾ㗗䚉⾓妋㰢⼙枧ṾṢ䘬ね⼊炻忁ṃ㭵奒ὧ㚫 攳⥳㍍妠慓䗪橼䲣ˤ

ȨךᡣԴৣӼЈ୚Ǵ൩ࢂᇥךԖѐ࣮ǵךԖଛӝΑǴٗдΨԖӞᛰΑǶ(ٗٗԴৣ൩ ԖКၨх৒༏ǻ)ך᝺ள྽ฅϿ΋ᗺᗺܤ࡜୚Ǽ൩ೱ๎ҁϿ΋٤٤೭ኬ…Ӣࣁգό

ૈԴৣ೿೭ኬᇥΑǴգᗋόଛӝǴԴৣ൩཮᝺ளգ೭ঁৎߏ࡛ሶ೭ኬǵ࡛ሶ೭ሶ ڻ܁ୟǼךς࿶ၟգᖱΑǴգᗋ೭ኬ…Ƕȩ(M03)

䫔

䫔Ḵ䭨ġ! 㯪慓忶䦳!

慓䗪䄏嬟䘬㍍妠㗗⽆ⷠ㮹䲣䴙廱㎃军⮰㤕䲣䴙䘬忶䦳炻⮳㯪慓䗪䄏嬟䘬Ἦ㸸

⎗ẍ⍵㗈↢ᶨᾳṢ䘬䞍嬀㯜㸾ˣ屯㸸⎗⍾⼿⿏冯ὧ⇑⿏ˤ䔞ᶳ⭂㰢⽫天ⷞ⬑⫸⍣

䚳慓䓇㗪炻⌣ᶵ䞍忻娚㈦⒒䧖䥹⇍䘬慓䓇炻侴⏲姜㭵奒Ᾱ䚠斄屯妲䘬Ṣ炻ᷣ天怬 㗗⬠㟉侩ⷓ䚜㍍⏲䞍⯙姢䥹⇍䁢ỽˤἳ⤪ M05 䘬ね㱩炻⯙㗗䓙侩ⷓ䚜㍍⏲䞍天⇘

⃺䪍⽫㘢䥹⯙姢ˤ

Ȩ…Դৣς࿶ᢀჸд΋᏾ԃǴٗӧٗঁපଷǴԴৣፎךॺ஥дѐٽЈᢀჸຑ՗࠸

ηޑރݩ…Ƕȩ(M05)

䃞侴炻㚱ṃ㭵奒⇯㚫⎹␐怕ṾṢㇻ倥䚠斄⯙姢屯妲炻M07 ⯙㍷徘⤡⛐怬㛒嬻

⬑⫸姢㕟㗗⏎㚱忶≽䕯ᷳ⇵炻⯙⶚䴻嬻⬑⫸ᶲデ奢䴙⎰婚䦳炻侴⛐昒⎴ᶲ婚㗪⯙

冯℞Ṿ⭞攟㍊倥⇘䚠斄⯙姢屯妲ˤ

ȨךॺΨόዴۓࢂ࡛ኬޑੱރǴٗਔংࢂӢࣁךࢂԖѐٗঁ…಍ӝޑፐ୚ǴԖᇡ

᛽΋٤༰༰…ٗдॺࢂԖ๏ך΋٤ૻ৲ୟǴ൩ࢂᇥ xx ᙴଣٗᜐԖӧ଺Ƕȩ(M07)

M08 ⇯㗗怠㑯ᶨ⭞慓昊⼴炻䚜㍍⍣娚慓昊䘬媖娊㩫㩗娊⓷炻ㇵ⼿䞍⬑⫸䘬䉨 㱩㗗天䚳⃺䪍⽫㘢䥹ˤ

ˬךॺٗਔংѐࢂޔௗǵޔௗ၌ୢٗঁᙴଣޑ୍ܺѠǴฅࡕд൩ࢂᇥा࣮ٗ

ঁᆒઓࣽǴдࢂ஑ߐӧ࣮ٽูޑǶ˭(M08)

⎎⢾炻ḇ㚱㭵奒㗗䴻䓙䣦ⶍ⼿䞍⯙慓屯妲ˤM06 ㍷徘䔞㗪⤡⚈ḳ㓭䃉㱽奒幓 䄏栏⬑⫸炻⚈㬌⬑⫸䘬㯪慓忶䦳ᷣ天悥㗗䓙䣦ⶍ⏲䞍⤡⤪ỽㅱ⮵䘬ˤ

ˬவ΋໒ۈޕၰࢂדπၟךᖱޑ…(ౣ)…่݀ޗπωᇥћך஥дѐবᜐবᜐ࣮Ǵω ޕၰдԖၸ୏Ǵ่݀ݯᕍӞᛰ྽ύ…Ƕ˭(M06)

ㇻ倥⇘娚㕤ỽ䧖䥹⇍⯙慓⼴炻㭵奒Ᾱὧⷞ叿⬑⫸⍣ 姢㕟ˤ㯪慓忶䦳昌Ḯ㗗 ᶨᾳ⎹慓䗪橼䲣⮳㯪⋼≑ˣ妋㰢⓷柴䘬忶䦳ᷳ⢾炻㯪慓忶䦳㛔幓怬㚱㚜㶙ᶨⰌ䘬 䣦㚫シ㵝ˤἳ⤪ M15 ㍸⇘炻慓䗪姢㕟㗗⬑⫸䘬ᾅ嬟兄炻⎒天⍾⼿忶≽䕯䘬姢㕟嫱

㖶炻⬠㟉㚫䴎Ḱ庼⮶㚵⊁炻㚜慵天䘬㗗⬑⫸⯙⎗ẍ塓侩ⷓ㍍⍿炻᷎ᶼ㚱庫⣂䘬⊭

⭡ˤ

Ȩ … ځ ჴ ך ό ϼ ሡ ा Դ ৣ ޑ ੝ ձ ᇶ Ꮴ Ǵ ՠ ך ሡ ा Դ ৣ ޑ ଛ ӝ ൩ ࢂ ቨ ৒ ჹ ࡑǶ…(ౣ)…όा΋࿾΋ᆦǴ΋࿾΋ᆦჹдؒԖᔅշ…(ౣ)…(܌܌аཀࡘࢂᇥӵ݀Ԗ

ঁԴৣ࣬ߞޑບᘐǴٗࢂёаᔅգλ࠸ηКၨૈᡣԴৣௗڙǻ)ࢂߥៈጢǴᡣ࠸η Ԗ΋ঁߥៈጢǴӢࣁӵ݀Դৣ΋ࢂ΋ǵΒࢂΒǴд൩ёૈ཮ᚆ໒ਠ༜Ƕȩ(M15)

M13 ḇ㚱㍷徘栆Ụね⼊炻⤡デ⍿⇘侩ⷓ天䚳⇘⬑⫸䡢姢䘬嫱㖶㔯ẞ炻ㇵ栀シ

⮵⬑⫸䘬妨埴旵Ỷ㧁㸾炻M13 ⮵㬌デ⇘朆ⷠᶵ⸛ˤ

Ȩ൩ၟԴৣᇥᙴғᇥؒԖୟǴԴৣᇥٗգाፎᙴғ໒᛾ܴഽǴ᛾ܴдؒԖǴ൩ࡐ

૸ჇǴךЈ္གྷգٗሶ׆ఈдԖǴٗךፎᙴғ໒дԖӳΑǴӢࣁԴৣӳႽ᝺ளд Ԗ೭ঁੰдωૈញᚶǴωᜫཀჹдКၨቨ᚞Ǵёࢂᔈ၀Ԗ௲คᜪୟǴ؂ঁᏢғޑ ወૈ೿ό΋ኬǴգࣁϙሶό࣮࣮Ꮲғޑᓬᗺ΋ۓा࣮дޑલᗺǶȩ(M13)

㕤㗗㭵奒柀叿⬑⫸⍣嬻慓䓇忚埴姢㕟炻姢㕟䳸㝄㗗㍉䓐⭞攟ˣ侩ⷓ冯慓ⷓᶱ 㕡⠓⮓⓷⌟⋗㔜↢Ἦ䘬ˤ䃞侴炻䔞ᶳ㭵奒冯慓ⷓᷳ攻䘬䕦䕭屯妲冯㪲≃斄Ὢ䘮㗗 ᶵ⮵䫱䘬炻忁⮶农Ḯ㭵奒⛐㔜ᾳ姢㕟㳩䦳ᷕ⎒傥勓䃞⛘ˣ塓≽⛘㍍⍿慓ⷓ䘬姢㕟ˤ 䃞侴炻㭵奒堐朊⏰䎦㍍⍿䘬ン⹎炻⎗傥ℏ⽫⌣㗗ᶵ⬴ℐᾉ㚵慓ⷓ䘬姢㕟冯㊯䣢ˤ

㚱ṃ㭵奒Ᾱ⮵姢㕟㍸↢Ḯ岒䔹炻ṾᾹデ⇘ᶵᾉ㚵䘬⛘㕡⊭㊔姢㕟㧁㸾䘬℔ᾉ

≃ˣ姢㕟㳩䦳忶㕤䯉╖炻ẍ⍲㭵奒⚈䁢屯妲ᶵ嵛侴⬴ℐ䃉㱽㌴㎉ね㱩ˤ椾⃰炻M03 ὧ㗗⮵㕤忶≽䕯䘬姢㕟㧁㸾 DSM-4 姽慷堐㍸↢岒䔹炻娵䁢姢㕟㛔幓䘬⎗ᾉ⹎ῤ⼿

ℵ嬘炻⚈䁢忁ṃ㧁㸾悥⍿侩ⷓᷣ奨⼙枧炻⮵㕤㝸ṃ埴䁢䇞㭵デ⍿ᶵ♜慵炻Ữ侩ⷓ

⎗傥⚈䁢⬑⫸埴䁢⼙枧䎕䳂䦑⸷侴怠⠓庫♜慵䘬怠枭ˤ

Ȩך᝺ளٗঁᚒҞޑ೛ीΨԖᗺྵ౪…ٯӵд๏գᒧ᏷Ǵдӧიᡏࢲ୏္य़ࢂό

ࢂឦܭٗᅿԾρࡐԖཀـޑλ࠸…Ⴝךॺৎλܻ϶ததԴৣᚒҞᗋؒрٰǴёࢂ

д᝺ளךޕၰΑǴдёૈ൩཮ක၉ᇥךޕၰΑǼךޕၰΑǼ …ᜪ՟Ⴝ೭ኬǶёࢂ

Ԗ٤Դৣ൩཮᝺ளдၴϸજׇǴӢࣁգؒԖᖐЋǴٗԴৣ൩཮༤ 5…ך᝺ளѬࢂ΋

ঁᅈЬᢀޑᚒҞǶ…(ౣ)…ך᝺ளΜঁ೏ћѐຑ՗Ǵεཷΐঁъ೿ࢂ…ǶдΨόࢂ

ٗሶֹӄၸ୏Ǵࢂၸ୏ӆуݙཀΚલѨ…ȩ(M03)