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為什麼對「行動」概念進行哲學研究?在所有物種中,人類很特殊地可透過思想去理解世 界,也包括了對自身的理解。但人們並不滿足停留在對世界的理解而已,也希望能夠進一 步的改變自己與世界,而這就涉及了「行動」。例如,當社會產生混亂與不確定時,期待 著社會具有合乎理性的秩序是人類思想的重要傾向,但建立社會的合理秩序不能單憑思想,

得要有具體行動的配合才有實現的可能。正因如此,行動的問題受到了普遍的重視。即使 在哲學的領域,行動也受到了不同方式的關注與研究。本課程對行動問題在哲學中的發展 做完整性的介紹,而是希望能夠從語言分析與邏輯的觀點出發,首先針對行動概念與理論 進行一般性介紹,其次再就數個較受重視的與行動相關的概念做進一步的討論。為達成此 目標,本課程將分為七個主題進行:1)行動的本質;2)行動與事件;3)能力、責任與行動;

4)意向;5)理由、原因與行動;6)無限後退問題與基本行動;7)行動語句的邏輯形式。

Philosophy of Action

1. The Nature of Action (3 weeks)

2. Ability, Responsibility and Action(2 weeks) 3. Intention (2 weeks)

4. Actions and Events (2 weeks)

5. Reasons, Causes and Actions (explanation, motive)(2 weeks) 6. Infinite-regress Problem and Basic Actions (2 weeks)

7. The Logical Form of Sentence of Action (2 weeks) Bibliography

1. Bernstein, Richard J., Praxis and Action, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1971 2. Davis, Lawrence H., Theory of Action, Prentice-Hall, 1979

3. Davidson, Danold, Essays on Actions and Events, Oxford University Press, 1980

4. Davidson, D. Aristotle’s Action in Truth, Language and History, Clarendon Press, Oxford 2001

5. Brand, M. and Walton, D., eds, Action Theory, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1976.

6. Danto, A. C., Basic Actions, in A. R. White, ed., The Philosophy of Actions, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1968, pp. 43-58

7. Danto, A. C., Analytical Philosophy of Action, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1973

8. Kim, Jaegwon, Philosophy of Mind, Westview Press, 2006

9. Milligan, D., Reasoning and the Explanation of Actions, Humanities Press, New Jersey, 1980

10. Moya, C. J., The Philosophy of Actions, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1990 11. Raz, J., Practical Reasoning, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1978

12. Von Wright, G. H., 行動的說明與理解, 胡澤洪譯, 選自《知識之樹》, 陳波選編, 三聯 出版社, 北京, 2003, pp.276-303

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