• 沒有找到結果。

Development and functionality assessment of fermented herbal wine that promotes hematopoietic process 簡雅玲、陳鴻章

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Share "Development and functionality assessment of fermented herbal wine that promotes hematopoietic process 簡雅玲、陳鴻章"

Copied!
4
0
0

加載中.... (立即查看全文)

全文

(1)

Development and functionality assessment of fermented herbal wine that promotes hematopoietic process

簡雅玲、陳鴻章

E-mail: 9307897@mail.dyu.edu.tw

ABSTRACT

This study attempted to make Extracted hematopoietic herbal wines (EHHW) and Fermented hematopoietic herbal wines (FHHW) with six different kinds of Chinese herbs (Heshouwu, Sudihuang, Danggui, Chuanxiong, Gouqizi, and Black soybean) by extraction and fermentation. Three kinds of FHHW-Amylo (FHHW-A1, A2, A3) and FHHW-Raw koji (FHHW-RK1, RK2, RK3) were prepared with three ratios of rice/ molasses (2:0、1:1、1.5:0.5) and two kinds of fermentation methods (Amylo and Raw koji).

After chemical analysis and hedonic ranking test, alcohol content of FHHW-RK1 was the highest, it was 18.30±0.20%. The one with highest total soluble solid was FHHW-RK2. Total acidity was increased with amount of molasses added. Degree of lightness (L) from bright to dark was FHHW-A1>FHHW-A3>FHHW-RK1>FHHW-A2>FHHW-RK2>FHHW-RK3. Two best 20

°FHHWs with hedonic ranking test in 20°FHHW-Amylo and 20°FHHW-Raw koji were 20°FHHW-A3 (rice/molasses = 1.5 Kg/ 0.5 Kg) and 20°FHHW-RK1 (rice is 2 Kg, and no molasses). They were compared with 20°, 60°EHHW. Color of 20

°FHHW-A3 was significantly more acceptable. The scale of flavor, taste and overall acceptability of 20°, 60°EHHW were significantly lower than 20°FHHW-A3 and 20°FHHW-RK1. The six different kinds of Chinese herbs extracted with H2O, 20%, and 60% ethanol and the concentrates of 20°FHHW-A3, 20°FHHW-RK1 and 20°, 60°EHHW were also proceeded with Ex vivo assay using culture of murine Bone marrow cells (BMCs) and assessed for their Granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM). For aqueous extract concentrates, the result proved that the CFU-GM colonies of Sudihung and Black soybean were formed outstandingly more than others. The best effect of Heshouwu, Chuanxiong and Gouqizi was at 400 μg/mL. The best effect of Danggui was at 200 μg/mL. For 20% ethanol extract concentrates, the tendency of Heshouwu, Danggui and Chuanxiong was the same at 200 μg/mL. The best effect of Sudihung, Gouqizi and Black soybean was respectively at 200, 400, 800 μg/mL. For 60% ethanol extract concentrates, the best capability of Heshouwu, Sudihung, Danggui and Chuanxiong was at 200 μg/mL. The best effect of Black soybean and Gouqizi was at 400 μg/mL. The best effect of 20°FHHW-RK1 was at 100 μg/mL. For concentrates of hematopoietic herbal wines, the best capability of 20°, 60°EHHW and 20°FHHW-A3 was at 200 μg/mL. At the same concentration, the hematopoietic promotion effect of 20°FHHW-A3 was more superior to others. Crude extract

concentrates of Chinese herbs and concentrates of hematopoietic herbal wines were used to Spleen cell-conditioned medium (SCM) (the averages of colonies were 12±2 and 5±1 colonies/1×105 BMCs) that has better efficacy than adding extracts directly (the averages of colonies were both 2±1 colonies/1×105 BMCs). It revealed that herbs and herbal wine all have hematopoietic promotion effect through the activation of immune response. The fermentation time of FHHW-Amylo processed shorten 3 folds than FHHW-Raw koji、EHHW. FHHW-Amylo stimulated BMCs CFU-GM colonies forming better than others. Therefore, making fermented hematopoietic herbal wine with Amylo method is practicable.

Keywords : Fermented hematopoietic herbal wine ; Ex vivo assay ; Hematopoiesis Table of Contents

目錄 封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書 iii 中文摘要 iv 英文摘要 vi 誌謝 viii 目錄 ix 圖目錄 xii 表目錄 xiv 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 研究動機 2 1.3 研究大綱 2 1.4 研究重要性 3 第二章 文獻整理 4 2.1 補血中藥之探討 4 2.1.1 何首烏 4 2.1.2 熟地黃 9 2.1.3 當歸 14 2.1.4 川芎 19 2.1.5 黑大豆 23 2.1.6 枸杞子 28 2.2 藥酒之介紹 33 2.3 順位試驗法 35 2.3.1 範圍及應用 35 2.3.2 試驗原 則 35 2.3.3 測試的品評員 35 2.3.4 測試的程序 36 2.3.5 分析評分及結果說明 37 2.4 貧血與造血之介紹 38 2.4.1 貧血 38 2.4.2 造血作用 39 第三章 實驗材料及方法 42 3.1 實驗材料 42 3.2 實驗設備 43 3.3 實驗分組 45 3.4 實驗設計 47 3.5 實驗方法 50 3.5.1 補血藥酒之製備 50 3.5.2 補血發酵藥酒之分析 55 3.5.3 喜好順位官能性評估 59 3.5.4 中藥粗萃濃縮物及藥酒濃縮液之 造血功能評估 60 第四章 結果與討論 63 4.1 補血發酵藥酒之製備與分析 63 4.2喜好順位官能性評估 69 4.3中藥粗萃濃縮物及 補血藥酒濃縮液之收率 71 4.4 中藥及補血藥酒之造血功能評估 75 4.4.1中藥粗萃濃縮物之造血活性評估 75 4.4.2 補血藥酒濃 縮液之造血活性評估 83 第五章 結論 93 參考文獻 94 圖目錄 圖一. 何首烏 5 圖二. 大黃酚、大黃酚?酮、大黃素、大黃酸之 結構式 7 圖三. 熟地黃 11 圖四. β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、菜油甾醇及梓醇之結構式 12 圖五. 當歸 15 圖六. 亞丁基苯?、鄰羧基苯 正戊酮及△2,4-二氫?酐之 結構式 17 圖七. 川芎 20 圖八. 阿魏酸及四甲基??之結構式 22 圖九. 黑大豆 25 圖十. 染料木素及黃 酮之結構式 26 圖十一. 枸杞子 29 圖十二. β-谷甾醇及玉蜀黍黃素之結構式 31 圖十三. 補血藥酒之官能評估設計圖 48 圖十

(2)

四. 中藥粗萃物及藥酒濃縮液之造血功能評估之流程圖 49 圖十五. 傳統浸泡式補血藥酒(EHHW)釀製流程圖 51 圖十六. 阿米 諾發酵式補血藥酒(FHHW-Amylo)釀製流程圖 53 圖十七. 生米麴發酵式補血藥酒(FHHW-Raw koji)釀製流程圖 54 圖十八. 酒 精蒸餾裝置 57 圖十九. 三種不同組成之阿米諾發酵式補血藥酒(FHHW-Amylo)在發酵期間pH值之變化 64 圖二十. 三種不同 組成之生米麴發酵式補血藥酒(FHHW-Raw koji)在發酵期間pH值之變化 65 圖二十一. 不同溶劑萃取之何首烏粗萃濃縮物與 何首烏 粗萃濃縮物-SCM之CFU-GM集落形成作用 76 圖二十二. 不同溶劑萃取之熟地黃粗萃濃縮物與熟地黃 粗萃濃縮 物-SCM之CFU-GM集落形成作用 77 圖二十三. 不同溶劑萃取之當歸粗萃濃縮物與當歸 粗萃濃縮物-SCM之CFU-GM集落 形成作用 78 圖二十四. 不同溶劑萃取之川芎粗萃濃縮物與川芎 粗萃濃縮物-SCM之CFU-GM集落形成作用 79 圖二十五. 不 同溶劑萃取之黑大豆粗萃濃縮物與黑大豆 粗萃濃縮物-SCM之CFU-GM集落形成作用 80 圖二十六. 不同溶劑萃取之枸杞子 粗萃濃縮物與枸杞子 粗萃濃縮物-SCM之CFU-GM集落形成作用 79 圖二十七. 20°EHHW濃縮液與20°EHHW濃縮 液-SCM之CFU-GM集落形成作用 87 圖二十八. 60°EHHW濃縮液與60°EHHW濃縮液-SCM之CFU-GM集落形成作用 88 圖二十九. 20°FHHW-A3濃縮液與20°FHHW-A3濃縮液 -SCM之CFU-GM集落形成作用 89 圖三十. 20°FHHW-RK1濃縮 液與20°FHHW-RK1濃縮液 -SCM之CFU-GM集落形成作用 90 表目錄 表一. 生產發酵式補血藥酒之醪液配方 46 表二. 阿 米諾發酵式補血藥酒(FHHW-Amylo)與生米麴發酵式 補血藥酒(FHHW-Raw koji)之可溶性固形物、酒精度、 總酸度、吸光 值(420 nm)及殘糖量 67 表三. 阿米諾發酵式補血藥酒(FHHW-Amylo)與生米麴發酵式 補血藥酒(FHHW-Raw koji)之顏色 68 表四. 三種不同組成之阿米諾發酵式補血藥酒(FHHW-Amylo) 與生米麴發酵式補血藥酒(FHHW-Raw koji)之官能性 評估 70 表五. FHHW-A3, FHHW-RK1與傳統浸泡式補血藥酒(20°及 60° EHHW)之官能性評估 72 表六. 中藥以水或20%, 60%乙 醇萃取之粗萃濃縮物收率(%) 73 表七. 補血藥酒之濃縮液之收率(%) 74 表八. 六種中藥的水粗萃濃縮物-脾臟細胞培養 基(SCM) 刺激骨髓細胞CFU-GM集落形成能力 84 表九. 六種中藥的20%乙醇粗萃濃縮物-脾臟細胞培養基 (SCM)刺激骨髓細 胞CFU-GM集落形成能力 85 表十. 六種中藥的60%乙醇粗萃濃縮物-脾臟細胞培養基 (SCM)刺激骨髓細胞CFU-GM集落形成 能力 86 表十一. 四種補血藥酒濃縮液-脾臟細胞培養基(SCM)刺激 骨髓細胞CFU-GM集落形成能力 91

REFERENCES

參考文獻 1.于杰(1989)益氣活血法對腎病大鼠血液流變學影響的研究。遼寧中醫雜誌。7:41-43。 2.中國研究院西苑醫院(1979)當歸 水煎劑抗血栓作用之研究。第一屆全國中醫學術會議資料匯編。p.39。 3.尹鐘洙、張凌云、徐理納(1980)當歸及其成分ferulic acid對大 鼠血小板聚集和5-HT釋放的影響。藥學學報。25(6):321-326。 4.孔憲鐸(2000)中藥現代化。生命科學簡訊,14(1):10-16。 5.日 本藥局方外生藥規格 (1989) 藥事日報社。p. 15,東京。 6.王宏潔、邊寶林、楊健、王鐵軍 (1997) 地黃中梓醇變化條件的探討。中國中葯 雜誌。22(7): 408-409。 7.王靜修 (1996) 何首烏。傳統醫學雜誌。9(1): 64-67。 8.王聲遠 (1992) 群落刺激因子(CSFs)之特性、功能及其臨床 應用。內科學誌。3: 49-60。 9.王巍、王晉樺、石體仁、劉紅旗、趙德忠、王智 (1988) 首烏對老年鵪鶉壽命與脂質代謝的影響。中西醫 結合雜誌。8(4): 223-224。 10.白秀榮、白秀珍、楊菁、譚立岩、趙冬、譚立崢 (1996) 首烏、黃耆、天麻對血HOP、SOD含量影響的實驗 研究。數理醫藥學雜誌。9(2): 180-181。 11.江雪卿(1994)茄科植物之活性成分之研究(V)。台灣大學藥學系研究報告摘要。 12.吳宛勳 (2000) 枸杞之組織細胞培養研究。國立台灣大學藥學研究所碩士論文。 13.吳榮燦 (1998) 何首烏抗老化作用。中醫藥雜誌。9(2): 83-84。

14.吳鳴鈴 (2002) 米酒、榖類酒製造之簡介。食品工業。34(1): 8-13。 15.李建北、林茂 (1993) 何首烏化學成分的研究。中草藥。24:

115-118。 16.李榮國 (2000) 中藥材之炮製---地黃。台北醫學院醫學研究所碩士論文。 17.周京滋、葉南章、章青(1985)當歸提取物的 幾項藥理研究。中藥通報。10(4):183-185。 18.林君郁 (2002) 第一部份:傳統傷科中藥對新生鼠骨細胞作用機制的探討,第二部份:嘧啶 類及其類似物對活性氧之清除作用。台北醫學院醫學研究所博士論文。 19.林依初 (1998) 黑豆對於高膽固醇血症之紐西蘭白兔抗玫粥狀 性的影響。中國文化大學生活應用科學研究所碩士論文。 20.林俊杰、鍾國材、林源義 (1984) 中國古代釀酒科技之回顧及展望。製酒科 技專論彙集。7: 60-70。 21.林穎聰 (1998) 當歸成分( n-butylidene phthalide )改善被動迴避學習障礙之研究。中國醫藥學院中國藥學研究所 碩士論文。 22.施國隆 (1992) 枸杞枝葉及果實成分之生物活性。國立台灣大學藥學研究所碩士論文。 23.徐國鈞 (1990) 中草藥彩色圖譜。

福建科學技術出版社, p.214,中國福建省福州市。 24.徐理納(1984)阿魏酸鈉抗血小板聚集作用機理研究。中國醫藥學院學報。(6

):414。 25.徐理納、吁文貴和田金英 (1990) Sodium ferulate 對arachidonic acid代謝的影響。藥學學報。25(6):412-416。 26.祝彼得

、王亞平(1990)當歸多糖對小鼠粒-單系祖細胞(CFU-GM)的影響。中藥藥理與臨床。6(6):21-23。 27.袁久榮 (1999) 中藥鑒別紫 外譜線組法及應用。人民衛生出版社,p.261。北京。 28.常汝鎮 (1998) 中國黑豆資源及其營養和藥用價值。中國食物與營養,5: 38。

29.張季平 (1996) 當歸現代醫學之研究。藥學雜誌。12(3): 94-102。 30.張明發(1990)Ferulic acid 抗動脈粥狀硬化研究進展。中草藥

。1:41-43。 31.張東迪 (1988) 地黃(Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurea Makino)試管內組織培養之研究。中國醫藥學院中國藥學研 究所碩士論文。 32.張嘉珮(2001)金香葡萄釀製雪利酒之研究。輔仁大學食品營養學系碩士論文。 33.梁雅婷 (2002) 枸杞之抗氧化與抗 致突變性質及其多醣組成分析。國立中興大學食品科學系碩士論文。 34.梅其炳、陶靜儀 (1983) 中國當歸藥理研究進展。中草藥,14(8):

43-46。 35.莊淑娟 (1996) 臺灣市售生藥枸杞之抗炎保肝與抗氧化活性評估。高雄醫學院天然藥物研究所碩士論文。 36.連大進 (1994) 台 灣黑豆。鄉間小路,20: 54-56。 37.連大進 (1995a) 台灣黑豆的利用與生產展望。農業世界,147: 39-42。 38.連大進 (1995b) 談黑豆栽培與 利用。台南區農業專訊,12: 2-5。 39.郭啟昭、周真玲 譯 (1987) 彩色血液學圖譜。合記圖書出版社,p.25。台北。 40.陳文慧 (1992) 九○

年代的荷爾蒙?---漫談Colony Stimulating Factors(CSFs)(上)。醫學繼續教育,2(5): 793-797。 41.陳永裕 (2000) 枸杞子對老化促進小白鼠學 習記憶能力之影響。靜宜大學應用化學系碩士論文。 42.陳田柏、張肇松 (1997) 簡述血液與骨髓。高醫醫訊。第十七卷,第五期。 43.陳 建志、石宜仁、黃鈺玲、歐潤芝 (1997) 生藥「何首烏」中2,3,5,4-Tetrahydroxystibene-2-O-Glucoside、Emodin及Physcion的含量分析。中

(3)

醫藥雜誌,8(2): 103-110。 44.陳計、夏炎興、楊秋美、徐雯燕 (1995) 何首烏吸收成分對大鼠二倍體細胞生長與傳代的影響。上海中醫藥 雜誌。8: 43。 45.陳誼寧 (2002) 應用人體造血前驅/幹細胞對中藥藥效及毒性反應之體外測試建立及評估。台北醫學大學細胞及分子生物 研究所碩士論文。 46.陳鴻仁 (1993) 中藥製劑分析方法之開發研究-甘草、當歸、大黃及乙字湯製劑。國立臺灣師範大學化學系碩士論文

。 47.彭秋妹、王家仁 (1991) 食品官能檢查手冊。食品工業發展研究所,p.14-17。新竹,台灣。 48.曾靖如 (2003) I.自地黃分離catalpol 和stachyose之方法研究;II.地黃甲醇抽取物之口服吸收之研究。國立臺灣大學藥學研究所碩士論文。 49.黃村能、冉亦文 (1987) 金香和 奈加拉葡萄酒比較試驗。酒類試驗所研究年報。p .117-124。 50.黃叔牧 (1997) 癌症的化學治療。高醫醫訊。第十七卷,第五期。 51.黃 鈞偉 (1996) 當歸及川芎藥材之比較研究。國立臺灣師範大學化學系碩士論文。 52.黃雅蕙 (2002) 生地黃降血糖成分之研究。台北醫學院 醫學研究所碩士論文。 53.黃漢龍 (1992) 當歸組織培養之研究。中國醫藥學院中國藥學研究所藥學碩士論文。p.14-16。 54.新編中藥大辭 典 (1982) 新文豐出版公司。p.260-264、p.862-865、p.1241-1244、p.2160-2162、p.2200-2204、p.2445-2447,台北。 55.葉泉 (1982) 食物中 藥與便方。國際文化事業有限公司,p.156,台北。 56.廖慧芬 (2002) 黑大豆活性多醣體之分析及其經由調節免疫提升造血功能與抑制腫 瘤生長之研究。國立陽明大學傳統醫藥學研究所博士論文。 57.劉大智、陳田柏 (1997) 頭暈目暗話「欠血」。高醫醫訊。第十七卷,第 五期。 58.劉吉豐 (2002) 生藥川芎?及天然物蜂膠之藥理作用的研究。臺北醫學大學醫學研究所博士論文。 59.劉成基、張清華、林軍 (1992) 炮制何首烏對小鼠實驗性肝損傷後肝脂代謝的影響。中國中藥雜誌。17(10): 595-596。 60.劉淑鈴 (2001) 枸杞子及其成分東莨菪素 對家兔之藥動學與藥效學研究。中國醫藥學院中國藥學研究所博士論文。 61.歐陽港生 (1985) 中國傳統蒸餾製造技術。製酒科技專論彙 編。7: 71-89。 62.潘一紅 (2000) 中藥材化學分析檢驗技術建立。工業技術研究院生醫工程中心研究計畫摘要。 63.潘洪平、王虹、何廷 才 (1993) 何首烏不同炮制品對小白鼠SOD及LPO水平的影響。中國中藥雜誌。18(6): 344。 64.蔡文芷 (1996) 當歸擬胚化癒合織之培養及 藥用成分之分析。國立中興大學農業經濟學系研究所碩士論文。 65.鄭兵、劉思茹、白弗閣、趙興胜 (1990) 何首烏對老齡大鼠血漿過氧 化物質及血液流變學的影響。中國老年學雜誌。10(5): 306-307。 66.黎雪如、吳慰萱、周婭、沈水 (1990) 枸杞多糖對小鼠腹腔巨噬細 胞C3b受體和Fc受體的影響。中華微生物學和免疫學雜誌。10(1): 27。 67.戴友平、唐國華、郭衍坤 (1998) 何首烏提取液對犬心肌缺血再 灌注損傷的預防作用實驗研究。中國生化藥物雜誌。19(2): 79-80。 68.戴文禎 (1997) 黑豆萃取物之抗氧化效用,中國文化大學生理學系 碩士論文。台北。 69.薛添福 (1996) 藥酒的發展與功能。製酒科技專論彙編,18: 217-223。 70.薛聰賢 (2000) 台灣蔬果實用百科。普綠出 版社。台灣彰化。 71.韓志芬、頤文聰 (1995) 不同首烏提取液對老年大鼠心、肝、腦自由基代謝及腦內MAO-B的影響。中國中醫藥科技

。2(1): 36-37。 72.顏正華 (1991) 中藥學。知音出版社,p.535-539、p.702、p.815-823、p.823-827、p.827-831、p.860-862,台北。 73.顏焜 熒 (1971) 常用中藥之藥理(Ⅲ)。國立中國醫藥研究所,p.25-26。台北。 74.Amerine M. A., Berhg H. W., Kunkee R. E., Ough C. S.,

Dingleton V. L., Webb A. D. & Cruess W. V. (1980) The Technology of Wine Making, 4th ed. Avi Publishing Westport. USA. 75.AOAC (1984) Official methods of analysis. 14th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington D. C., USA. 76.Benjamin C. F., Figueiredo R. C., Henrigues M. G. & Barja-Fidalgo C. (1997) Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of soybean agglutinin. Braz J Med Biol Res. 30: 873-881.

77.Boulton R. B., Singleton V. L., Bisson L. F., & Kundee R. E. (1996) Principle and practices of winemaking. Chapman & Hall. New York.

78.Chang F. C., Chen K. J., Lin J. G., Hong C. Y. & Huang Y. T. (1998) Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on portal hypertensive rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 50: 881-884. 79.Chen H. C. (2000) Sensory evaluation of food-Course handout. Department of Food Engineering, Dayeh University, p. 94-98. Taiwan. 80.Chen S., Xiong L., Wang Q., Sang H., Zhu Z., Dong H., & Lu Z. (2002) Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates spinal cord ischemic injury due to aortic cross-clamping in rabbits. BMC Neurol. 2(1): 1. 81.Chen Y. R., Hsu M. L., Ho C. K. & Wong S. Y. (1993) Cell source and biological characteristics of murine bone marrow-derived colony-promoting activity. Exp. Hematol. 21: 1219. 82.Chen Y., Wang M., Rosen R. T., & Ho C. T. (1999) 2,2-Diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging active components from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. J Agric Food Chem. 47(6): 2226-2228. 83.Dai X. Z. & Bache R. J. (1985) Coronary and systemic hemo- dynamic effects of tetramethylpyrazine in the dog. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 7(5): 841-849. 84.Fotsis T., Pepper M., Adlercreeutz H., Hase T., Montesano R., & Schweigerer L. (1995) Genistein, a dietary ingested isoflavonoid, inhibits cell proliferation and in vitro angiogenesis. J Nutr. 125: 790S-797S. 85.Geslewitz G. (1997) Oriental Herbs:

For Radiant. Health Foods Business. 43(6): 29-30. 86.Guo S. K., Chen K. J., Qian Z. H., Weng W. L. & Qian M. Y. (1983) Tetramethylpyrazine in treatment of cardiovacscular and cerebrovascular disease. Planta Med. 47(2): 89-94. 87.Hahn I. M., Bodger M. P. & Hoffbrand A. V. (1983) Development of pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor cells in the human fetus. Blood. 62(1): 118-123. 88.Hata K., Kozawa M., & Baba K. (1975) New stilbene glucoside from Chinese crude drug Heshouwu, roots of Polygonum multiflorum. Yakugaku Zasshi. 95(2): 211-213. 89.Hung H. C., Chu S. H., & Lee P. D. (1991) Vasorelaxants from Chinese herbs, emodin and scoparone, possess immuno- suppressive properties. Eup. J. Pharm.

198: 211-213. 90.Huang Y. T., Chang F. C., Chen K. J. & Hong C. Y. (1999) Acute hemodynamic effects of tetramethylpyrazine and tetrandrine on cirrhotic rats. Planta Med. 65(2): 130-134. 91.Hung C. Y., Lo Y. C., Tan F. C., Wei Y. H. & Chen C. F. (1994) Astraglaus membranacus and Polygonum multiflorum protect rat heart mitochondria against lipid peroxidation. Am J Chin Med.. 22(1): 63-70. 92.Jones R. O. (1970)

Ultrastructural analysis of hepatic haematopoie- sis in the foetal mouse. J Anat. 107: 301. 93.Leary A. G., Ikebuchi K., Hirai Y., Wong G. G., Yang Y. C., Clark S. C. & Ogawa M. (1988) Synergism between interleukin-6 and interleukin-3 in supporting proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells: comparison with interleukin-1α. Blood. 71(6): 1759-1763. 94.McCulloch E. A. (1983) Stem cell in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis.

Blood. 62(1): 1-13. 95.Messina M. J., Persky V., Setchell K. D. R. & Barnes S. (1994) Soy intake and cancer risk: a review of the in vitro and in vivo data. Nutr Cancer. 21(2): 113-131. 96.Meydani S. N., Lichtenstein A. H., White P. J., Goodnight S. H., Elson C. E., Woods M., Gorbach S. L. &

Schaefer E. J. (1991) Food use and health effects of soybean and sunflower oils. J Am Coll Nutr. 10(5): 406-428. 97.Mikamo H., Kawazoe K., Izumi K., Sato Y. & Tamaya T. (1998) Effects of crude herbal ingredients on intrauterine infection in a rat model. Curr Ther Res. 59(2): 122-127.

98.Moore M. A. & Metcalf D. (1970) Ontogeny of the haemopoietic system: yolk sac origin of in vivo and in vitro colony forming cells in the

(4)

developing mouse embryo. Br J Haematol. 18: 279-296. 99.Naitoh T., Sakata M., Ikeya Y., Okada M. & Maruno M. (1995) Quantitative analysis of effective constituents for blood circulation in Cnidii Rhizoma and Ligustici Rhizoma- Comparison of the contents of constituents in commercial Cnidii Rhizoma and Ligustici Rhizoma. Nat Med. 49: 425-430. 100.Nonaka G., Miwa N. & Nishioka I. (1982) Tannins and related compounds.

Stilbene glucoside, gallates and proanthocyanidins from Polygonum multiflorum. Phytochemistry. 21: 429-432. 101.Rao A. V. & Sung M. K.

(1995) Saponins as anticarcinogens. J Nutr. 125: 717S-724S. 102.Rifkind R. A., Chui D. & Epler H. (1969) An ultrastructural study of early morphogenetic events during the establishment of foetal hepatic erythropoiesis. J Cell Biol. 40: 343. 103.Rosenberg M. (1969) Fetal hematopoiesis:

case report. Blood. 33: 66. 104.Sheu J. R., Kan Y. C., Hung W. C., Ko W. C. & Yen M. H. (1997) Mechanisms involved in the antiplatelet activity of tetramethyl- pyrazine in human platelets. Thromb Res. 88(3): 259-270. 105.Thomas D. B. & Yoffey J. M. (1964) Human foetal haematopoiesis.

Br J Haematol. 10: 193. 106.Tomoda M., Kato S. & Onuma M. (1971a) Water-soluble constituents of Rehmanniae Radix I carbohydrate and acids of Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis. Chem Pharm Bull. 19(7): 1455-1460. 107.Tomoda M., Tanaka M. & Kondo N. (1971b)

Water-soluble constituents of Rehmanniae Radix II on the constituents of roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Var. purpurea. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo).

19(11): 2411-2413. 108.Tyan M. L. (1968) Studies on the ontogeny of the mouse immune system. I. Cell-bound immunity. J Immunol. 100(3):

535-542. 109.Wang S. Y., Ho C. K., Chen L. Y., Lin C. K., Yung C. H. & Chien K. Y. (1988) The effect of lipopolysaccharide on the production of GM-EA, GM-CSA and PGE2 by human monocyte-derived lipid containing macrophages. Exp Hematol. 16(5): 349-354. 110.Wang S. Y., Hsu M. L., Su C. Y., Lin C. K., Hu C. P., and Chang C. M. (1991b) In vivo stimulation of myelopoiesis in cyclo- phosphamide-treated mice by purified human GM-CSF. Chin Med J. 48:171-176. 111.Wang S. Y., Su C. Y., Hsu M. L., Chen L. Y., Tzeng C. H. & Ho C. K. (1991a) Effect of

lipopolysaccharide on the production of colony-stimulating factors by the stromal cells in long-term bone marrow culture. Exp Hematol.

19(2):122-127. 112.Wei H., Bonald B., Cai Q., Barnes S. & Wang Y. (1995) Antioxidant and antipromotional effect of the soybean isoflavone genistein. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 208(1): 124-130. 113.Wu C. C., Chiou W. F. & Yen M. H. (1989) A possible mechanism of action of

tetramethylpyrazine on vascular smooth muscle in rat aorta. Eur J Pharmacol. 169(2-3): 189-195. 114.Yim T. K., Wu W. K., Mak D. H. & Ko K.

M. (1998) Myocardial protective effect of an anthraquinone- containing extract of Polygonum multiflorum ex vivo. Planta Med. 64(7): 607-611.

115.Yoshida M., Fujino H., Arise A., Ohmura K, Arisawa M. & Morita N. (1987) Polygoacetophenoside, a new acetophenone glucoside from Polygonum multiflorum. Planta Med. 53: 273-275. 116.Yu C. F., Whiteley L., Carryl O. & Basson M. D. (2001) Differential dietary effects on colonic and small bowel neoplasia in C57BL/6J Apc Min/+mice. Dig Dis Sci. 46(7): 1367-1380. 117.Zhang R., Li Y. & Wang W. (1997)

Enhancement of immune function in mice fed high doses of soy daizein. Nutr Cancer. 29(1): 24-28. 118.Zhou J. R., Gugger E. T., Tanaka T., Guo Y., Blackburn G. L. & Clinton S. K. (1999) Soybean phytochemicals inhibit the growth of transplantable human prostate carcinoma and tumor angiogenesis in mice. J Nutr. 129(9): 1628-1635. 119.Zoecklein B. W., Fugelsang K. C., Gump B. H. & Nury F. S. (1990) Production Wine Analysis. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York.

參考文獻

相關文件

• Is the school able to make reference to different sources of assessment data and provide timely and effective feedback to students according to their performance in order

Internal assessment refers to the assessment practices that teachers and schools employ as part of the ongoing learning and teaching process during the three years

Basing on the observation and assessment results, this study analyzes and discusses the effects and problems of learning the polynomial derivatives on different level students

Last time, teacher took me to a herbal tea shop, which is decorated in Chinese style, with some golden gourds holding the herbal tea. Teacher bought me a cup of ‘sugar cane and

Along with this process, a critical component that must be realized in order to assist management in determining knowledge objective and strategies is the assessment of

Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the segments for wine consumers in Taiwan by product, brand decision, and purchasing involvement, and then determine the

This study discussed the pipelines of different materials, such as PVC pipes and steel pipes, with different water contents in different depths of standard sand (Ottawa sand), and

• Handling, preparation, and storage of food i n ways that prevent foodborne illness.. • Microorganisms are essential for the product ion of foods