探討台北都會地區美髮業女性的營養知識、飲食行為及其影響因素 Study of nutrition knowledge and dietary practices of young beauty salon workers in Taipei
中文摘要
本研究之目的是在探討臺北市美髮業女性之營養知識、飲食行為及其影響的因素 首先以焦點團體法（focus group）針對三餐的攝取情形及外食頻率、飲食時考慮 的因素、對食物的嗜好性及工作對飲食行為的影響等問題進行探討，以了解問題 之所在，作為進行研究的基礎（質性研究）。結果發現工作性質及環境對美髮業 女性工作者飲食行為的影響不容忽視。對台北市美髮業女性進行問卷調查（量化 研究），共收得有效問卷139 份，受訪者年齡多介於 21-30 歲之間
（55.4％），BMI 值大多為 18.6-23.9（63.3％）。工作年資以 3 年以上者最多，
87.8％教育程度為高中（職）。在生活習慣及生理狀況方面，19.4％的受訪者每 天有抽菸習慣，21.6％的受訪者每天有運動習慣，12.2％有服用維生素/礦物質 補充劑；月經週期規則者佔66.9％，58.3％的人每天都有排便習慣。在滿分為 14 分的營養知識中，受訪者之平均分數為9.75±3.16 分，大部份的受訪者對「營養 素」、「份量」及「維生素和礦物質補充劑」之得分較低。在三餐攝取情形方面：
50.4％的受訪者定時吃早餐，且多為外食（83.5％），64.7％的受訪者不控制早 餐的份量。中餐和晚餐部分：72.7％和 74.8％的受訪者不定時，不控制份量，且 多為外食。正餐以外食物的攝取情形方面：48.9％的受訪者幾乎不吃甜點；
36.7％的受訪者幾乎不吃零食；38.1％的受訪者每天都會吃宵夜；16.5％的受訪 者每天吃一次速食麵（湯）；10.8％的受訪者每天吃一次速食。每日飲食攝取情 形：81.3％的受訪者未看過行政院衛生署發行的『每日飲食指南』。每日攝取 3~6 碗主食類者佔26.6％，每日攝取肉、魚、豆、蛋類 4 份者佔 43.9％，每日攝取蔬菜 3 碟及以上者佔 33.8％，每日攝取 2 種及以上水果者佔 25.9％，每日攝取 1-2 份 及以上奶類者佔63.3％。受訪者營養資訊來源依序是報章雜誌、電視/廣播，次為 營養書籍和口耳相傳。受訪者有興趣的營養議題依序為：體重控制、疾病和營養 認識營養和吃的技巧。受訪者最喜歡獲得健康資訊的方式依序為衛教單張，其次 為專家演講、錄影帶和小組討論。綜合上述結果，美髮業女性工作者之營養知識 表現不差。由於工作性質導致受訪者的外食頻率極高，且主食類、蔬菜和水果類 的攝取均未達到『每日飲食指南』之建議攝取量。
關鍵字：職場、美髮業、營養知識、飲食行為、焦點團體法、每日飲食指南
英文摘要
This study was designed to understand the nutritional knowledge and dietary practices of women at beauty salon in Taipei. First, we used focus group. After 3 times of focus group, we found that the worksite properties and environment were very important to the workers. Then, we got 139 questionnaires in this study. Most subjects aged from
21 to 30（55.4％）and BMI value were 18.6-23.9（63.3％）. Ninty percent women were graduated from senior high school and worked at beauty salon over 3 years.
About 20％ women smoke and did exercise every day;10％ women took vitamin/mineral supplements;66.9％ women had regular menstrual cycle. Mean scores of nutritional knowledge was 9.75±3.16 out of 14. Most women’s knowledge about “nutrients”, “food exchange” and “vitamin/mineral supplement” were not very clear. Half women ate breakfast regularly, 30％ women ate lunch and dinner regularly and most of them ate foods away from home. About 40％ women did not take
desserts and snacks but 40％ women took night snacks every day, about 10％ women took instant noodles and fast foods every day. Over 80％ women never see the “Daily dietary guideline” from NHA. Twenty-seven percent women met the
recommendation to eat at least 3-6 whole-grain servings per day. Forty-four and thirty
—four percent women met recommended servings for meat and vegetable group.
Sixty-three percent women met dairy group recommendations. Twenty-six percent women intake two kinds of fruit per day. Women mostly received nutritional information from newspapers,TV and radio. They were interesting about weight control and relationship between disease and nutrition by brochure. In a word, women at beauty salon had fair nutritional knowledge but they ate out too often and didn’t intake enough cereals, vegetables and fruits.
Key words: focus group, beauty salon, nutritional knowledge, dietary practices, daily dietary guideline
