伊斯蘭瓦哈比運動在中國西北的發展:論臨夏地區伊赫瓦尼的興起與影響 - 政大學術集成

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(1)ْཎᥞ‫ر‬শֺሎ೯‫ڇ‬խഏ۫‫ק‬ऱ࿇୶ѧ ᓵᜯ୙‫چ‬೴ْ᎒‫؍ر‬ऱᘋದፖᐙ᥼ ʳ 中阿文庫. ᎓ટᆳʽʽʳ ʳ. ኴ૞. 28. ʳ ‫ر‬শֺሎ೯ΰWahhabiyyah movement, Wahhabismαਢ 18 ‫׈‬ધْཎᥞ‫଀ޏ‬ፖ༚ᘋऱรԫ‫ૹڻ‬ՕቫᇢΔ‫࣍ط‬،࿇‫ْڇس‬ ཎᥞऱᆣ‫چ‬Δ៶‫ط‬ԫ‫ڣ‬ԫ৫ऱཛ᠀੒೯౨ജ‫ڶ‬யऱ‫ٻ‬؆ႚ ؒΔ‫ګ‬੡‫چٺ੺׈‬ᗪཎُࣥயऱ዆ᑌΖխഏ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥषᄎ ঁਢᆖ‫ط‬ᗪཎࣥᏆ๱Գढ૥ຽ‫ף‬ཛ᠀ፖᖂ฾ऱᖲᒴല‫ر‬শ ֺሎ೯֧ၞΔ٦ᆖመ‫ء‬Ւ֏‫ࡲ֗א‬੔‫ݮ‬Ⴟመ࿓࣍ 20 ‫׈‬ધ‫ݮ‬ ‫ګ‬Աْ᎒‫؍ر‬ΰIkhwaniαፖ᝛ဒॺળΰSalafiyyahαΔ‫ڇ‬ᅝ‫چ‬ ଺‫ء‬բ‫ڇژ‬Տ塒‫ڣ‬ऱ௑ࢍֵΰQadimα‫ ֗א‬17 ‫׈‬ધࡨ࿇୶ऱ ‫ٺ‬॰৚հၴΔԾ‫נڍ‬Աࠀ‫ژ‬ऱࠟଡࡲ੔Δ‫ܧ‬෼‫נ‬ᅝ‫ࡲז‬੔‫ڍ‬ ց֏ऱ෼ွΖ‫֮ء‬ലൕ‫ر‬শֺሎ೯‫נ‬࿇Δ෰֧‫ޥ‬௻‫چ‬ፖխഏ ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥ֠ࠡਢ‫ڶ‬ψխഏऱ՛ຽ‫ף‬ωհጠऱ‫ز‬࿸ᜯ୙‫چ‬೴ ࡲඒ‫଀ޏ‬ऱઌຑᣂএΔ൶ߒխഏᗪཎْࣥ᎒‫؍ر‬ऱ࿇୶Δ‫ٵ‬ ழՈಘᓵ᝛ဒॺળൕխ։֭ᘋದऱመ࿓Ζኙ࣍ॳࢮ‫܄‬ፖխഏ ᗪཎࣥ‫چ‬೴Բ๠ْཎᥞ༚ᘋሎ೯୶ዝऱषᄎહནٍല‫אף‬ ֺለΔࠀ։࣫ຽ‫ף‬ፖψխഏऱ՛ຽ‫ף‬ω։ܑၞ۩ऱࡲඒሎ೯ ኙᅝ‫چ‬ᗪཎࣥऱᐙ᥼Ζ‫ء‬ઔߒٍᢞኔԱխഏْཎᥞਢْཎᥞ ‫ࣨ੺׈‬Ⴧխլ‫֟౒ױ‬ऱԫຝ։Ιխഏ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥषᄎࡲ੔‫ڍ‬ ցऱ௽‫ۥ‬Δٍਢ‫ْ੺׈‬ཎᥞ‫ڍ‬ցᑌᎎऱԫᛩΖ. **. ‫ء‬ᓵ֮ᆖ؆ᐉຏመ৵‫࿆ע‬ ഏ‫م‬ਙएՕᖂॳࢮ‫܄‬፿֮ᖂߓᝑஃ. 297.

(2) ᣂ᝶ဲΚ‫ر‬শֺሎ೯Εխഏऱ՛ຽ‫ף‬Εࡲ੔Εْ᎒‫؍ر‬Ε ᝛ဒॺળ. 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. 298.

(3) 中阿文庫. The Development of the Islamic Wahhabiyyah Movement in Northwestern China: A Study of the Rising and Influence of Ikhwani in Linxia Area Chao, Chiu-Ti. 28. Abstracts The Wahhabiyyah Movement was the first significant experiment of the Islamic reformation and renaissance in the 18th century. It emerged from the Holy Land of Islam and spread all over the Islamic World through the annual pilgrimage. The Wahhabiyyh Movement was introduced into the Muslim Society in Northwestern China by the Muslim leaders who took the opportunity to go on a pilgrimage and learn the movement. It was localized and transformed into Ikhwani and Salafiyyah in the 20th century, thereby adding two denominations to the Qadim, which had been in existence for over one thousand years, and the Men-huen, which was developed in the 17th century, in the society of the Northwestern China. This study first traces the development of the Wahhabiyyah Movement, drawing the linkage of the religious reformation between Muslims in the Saudi Arabia and the Northwestern China, particularly the Linxia, Gansu area which has been termed “Miniature of Mecca in China”. This study focuses on the development of the Ikhwani in Chinese Muslims, 299.

(4) and the rising of the Salafiyyah which was branched out of the Ikhwani.. It also compares the social environment of the. Islamic reformation movement between Muslims in Arabia and 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. the Northwestern China, and analyzes the impacts of religious movement taking place in Mecca and the “Miniature of Mecca in China” upon Muslims in each place. This study will confirm that the Chinese Islam is an integral part of the Islamic World and the feature of multi-denomination in the Muslim society as demonstrated. in. Northwestern. China. also. reflects. multi-culture characteristics of the world Islam.. Key words: Wahhabiyyah MovementΕMiniature of Mecca in ChinaΕdenominationΕIkhwaniΕ Salafiyyah. 300. the.

(5) 1. ፃᓵ ْཎᥞඒᄭದ࣍ॳࢮ‫୾ת܄‬ዧ‫ݳ‬ΰίΎΠΤϟ΍ – al-HijƗzα‫چ‬ 中阿文庫. ೴ऱຽ‫ף‬ΰ Δϣ˷ήϜϤϟ΍ ΔϜϣ – Makkatu’l-MukarramahΔMeccaαΔ 1400 ‫ࠐאڣ‬Δᗪཎࣥբሙ‫چٺ੺׈܉‬Ζ֚ࢪΰΔΒόϛ - Ka ‘abahα ਢࢬ‫ڶ‬ᗪཎࣥ‫ֲޢ‬៖ਈऱֱ‫ٻ‬ΔՈਢ‫ٺ੺׈࣍ۯ‬ଡߡᆵ٤᧯. 28. ᗪཎࣥಇᇨ֨ᨋ‫୴ދ‬ऱ‫ؾ‬ᑑΔ༉ቝᗪཎࣥ௻ጆΰϦϴϤϠδϤϟ΍ Δϣ΃ ummatu’l-muslimƯnΔ Muslim communityαऱ֨᦬Δຽ‫׌ף‬ᖄ ထᖞଡْཎᥞ‫੺׈‬ऱ౧೯Δ‫ٻ‬؆໮ႚᖄፖ‫ٻ‬ு֨෰֧ऱԺ ၦΔࠌ൓ْཎᥞठቹឩ്থԾፖு֨യ֊ᜤᢀΖ‫ݺ‬ଚૉല‫׈‬ ੺ᗪཎࣥ։੡ْཎᥞխՒΰॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮αΕ‫ॺק‬ΕխࠅΕ‫ٱ‬ ৫ΕխഏΕࣟতࠅ࿛ᑇଡ‫׌‬૞ࣨჇΔࠡխխഏ᥆࣍ࣟᒴΔਢ լ౨࢙ီΕլ‫౒ࢨױ‬ऱԫჇΖᇨ‫ڕ‬۵ဒኧΰJoseph Fletcherα ࢬߢψխഏْཎᥞࠀլਢ໢ᗑ։ᠦ‫ڇ‬؆Δխഏऱᗪཎࣥᖵ‫׾‬ Ոլ౨ᗑ‫הࠡڇم‬ᗪཎࣥᖵ‫׾‬հ؆Ζω1խഏ‫܂‬੡ْཎᥞႚᐾ ሁᒵऱ‫أ‬ጤΔ৬ዌխഏْཎᥞፖᗪཎࣥषᆢऱᖵ‫׾‬ழΔ‫ؘ‬ႊ ఎრْཎᥞႚᐾሁஉՂऱ‫ٺ‬ଡᖕរຟࣹԵԱᅝழ‫ז‬ᅝ‫چ‬ऱ ֮֏ցైΙْཎᥞႚԵհᎾխഏऱᖞ᧯ᛩቼՈ‫ފ‬ዝԱૹ૞ऱ ߡ‫ۥ‬Δ‫܀‬խഏْཎᥞऱ౧೯ս࠹ࠩ‫׌‬ၗऱᐙ᥼Δፖ۫ࠅॳࢮ ‫੺׈܄‬ጹጹ෰ᢀΖʳ 18 ‫׈‬ધխᆺΔॳࢮ‫୾ת܄‬ऱփ‫چݳ‬೴ΰΪΠϨϟ΍ - al-Najidα ᘋದ‫਀א‬༚‫ڰ‬ཚْཎᥞొ‫إ‬ඒᆠ੡‫ؾ‬ᑑऱࡲඒ‫଀ޏ‬ሎ೯Δሎ ೯ऱᏆᖄԳਢॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒΰΏΎϫϮϟ΍ ΪΒϋ ΪϤΤϣ - Muhammad b. ‘Abd al-WahhƗb,1703-1792α Ζ‫്׌ה‬ᆖ‫᦭ࢭط‬ψຯ‫ݦ‬ᐚω ΰΪϴΣϮΘϟ΍ - at-TawhƯdα Δ‫ܛ‬ψॾ‫׌‬ᗑԫωऱᗑ壀‫׌‬ᆠΔૹᄅૹီπ‫ײ‬ᥞ ᆖρፖπᆣಝρΔ៶‫ૹא‬৬षᄎሐᐚΔᘋದհॣឈፖᅝ‫چ‬ऱ 1. Joseph F.Fletcher, “The Naqshbandiyya in northwest China” in Beatice Forbes Manz ed., Studies on Chinese and Islamic Inner Asia,ΰAldershot, Brookfield: Variorum, 1995α, p.XI-3.. 301.

(6) ࡲඒᖂृრߠઌኙ‫م‬Δ‫ࡉ࣍ط܀‬ᅝ‫چ‬ਙएԳढ৬‫م‬Աঅᥨृ ऱᣂএΔሑ൓‫א‬ດዬ૏݇Ζ2‫ڼ‬৵៶‫ط‬ԫ‫ڣ‬ԫ৫ऱཛ᠀੒೯‫א‬ ֗‫چٺ‬ᗪཎࣥࠐ‫ڼ‬ᖂ฾৵१‫ڃ‬୮ၢऱႚᐾ‫פ‬౨Δ‫ر‬শֺሎ೯ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ႉ‫ڶࠀܓ‬ய‫ٻچ‬؆ႚؒΔ‫ګ‬੡‫چٺ੺׈‬ᗪཎُࣥயऱ዆ᑌΖ խഏऱᗪཎࣥՈ‫ ڇ‬19 ‫׈‬ધ‫أ‬൷‫ࠩگ‬Ա‫ر‬শֺ৸უΔ‫ק۫ڇ‬ ‫چ‬೴୶ၲԱխഏ‫ڤ‬ऱْཎᥞ༚ᘋሎ೯Ζ խഏ۫‫زק‬ኑॹԫ൅ਢᗪཎࣥ‫ڇ‬խഏփ‫چ‬ለ੡ႃխऱ ‫چ‬೴ΔૉൕՂֱଏီΔ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥ‫ۿ‬੡ԫଡᖞ᧯Δ‫܀‬ᆖ२ߪ ᨠኘΕᘣ۞᧯ᄎΔ‫ڇ‬ຍᖞ᧯հփΔᗪཎࣥ‫ࡲڂ‬ඒ‫س‬੒հ௘ฆ ۖါᇞΰsegmentα੡ᑇଡ੔ܑΔ‫ק۫׊‬ᗪཎࣥषᄎऱ౧೯ፖ ຍࠄࡲඒ੔ܑऱሎ‫܂‬ፖյ೯෰ຑ੷෡Ζຍࠄࠀ‫ژ‬ऱ੔ܑ։ܑ ਢΚ7 ‫׈‬ધْཎᥞၞԵխഏ‫ࠐא‬ᖵᆖՏ塒‫֏چڇڣ‬ ΰlocalizationαۖ‫ګݮ‬ऱψ௑ࢍֵω ΰϢϳΪϗ - QadƯmα Ε17 ‫׈‬ ધᤕॺඒቸΰϕήσ - turuq ,ordersα‫੺׈܄ࢮॳࠅ۫ط‬൅Եխ ഏऱ‫ٺ‬ଡψ॰৚ωΕ19 ‫׈‬ધ‫ْࠩ࠹أ‬ཎᥞխՒΰheart landα ࡲඒ༚ᘋሎ೯ΰrevivalismΔԾጠ༚஡ሎ೯αᐙ᥼ۖข‫س‬ऱψْ ᎒‫؍ر‬ω ΰ ϲϧ΍ϮΧ· - IkhwƗnƯα Ε‫ ֗א‬20 ‫׈‬ધ 30 ‫זڣ‬ൕْ᎒‫ر‬ ‫؍‬։֭ۖ‫נ‬ऱψ᝛ဒॺળω ΰΔϴϔϠγ - Salafiyyaα Ζ‫ה‬ଚऱψᄭᙰω ࠐ۞ْཎᥞு֨‫چ‬೴Δ୶ዝ‫נ‬෼վऱᑌᎎঞਢ‫֏چڇ‬ऱ࿨ ࣠Ζ࿝ृലຍࠄ։ຫࠀ٨ऱ੔ܑࡳ‫ټ‬੡խഏْཎᥞऱψࡲ੔ω 3. 302. ΰdenominationsαΖຍࠄࡲ੔‫ٺ‬ᖑॾฒΔ࢖‫ڼ‬ᣂএპ‫ݎ‬Δ‫ݮ‬. 2 Natana J. Delong-Bas, Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad.ΰOxford: Oxford University Press, 2004α, pp13-14. 3 ್ຏ٣‫س‬ઔߒխഏ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥΔಾኙ‫ڍ‬ցᡓᠧऱࡲඒ੔ܑᤜᠲΔലհࡳ‫ۯ‬੡ψඒ੔॰৚ωΔ ۞ 1983 ‫נڣ‬ठπխഏْཎᥞඒ੔ፖ॰৚ࠫ৫‫׾‬ฃρ ΰᎬ՟Κኑ୙Գ‫נا‬ठषΔ1983αբ‫ګ‬ԫ୮ հߢΖխഏᗪཎࣥઃ۞ጠਢψ᎝‫؍‬੔ΰϲϨδϟ΍ - as-SunnƯαऱশԯॺΰϲϔϨΣʳ ˀʳHanafƯα ωΔ‫ڼ‬ԫጠᘯ ‫ٵ‬ழ।ࣔԱជ᥆ऱψඒ੔ωፖψඒऄᖂ੔ωΖ࿝ृᎁ੡Δૉ‫ڇ‬᎝‫؍‬ψඒ੔ωհՀ٦‫א‬ψඒ੔ω ԫဲࡳ‫ۯ‬խഏ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥऱ੔ܑΔլ‫܀‬෗෤Ա੔խ‫ڶ‬੔ऱ೴։ᐋ్ΔՈፖْཎᥞऱփຝᎁवઌ յ‫ؿ‬એΖֱۖ۫ࡲඒषᄎᖂृ௅ᖕՕၦֱ۫ࡲඒิ៣ऱᆖ᧭ઔߒ൓‫נ‬ऱ௽ᐛ‫אף‬։ᣊᄗਔΔ৬ ዌԱԫጟψඒᄎѧඒ੔ᣊীᖂ᧯ߓω ΰchurch-sect typologyα Ζ៮ंΰRichard Niebuhrαၞ۩ඒᄎ ፖඒ੔ऱᣊীઔߒழΔ‫໌׼‬ψࡲ੔ω ΰdenominationαຍԫᄅऱ෻უᣊীࠐᇞᤩભഏषᄎխऱࡲ ඒิ៣յ೯Ζኙᚨભഏषᄎխऱࡲඒิ៣Δխഏ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥऱࡲඒ੔ܑΔ‫ش‬ψࡲ੔ωԫဲࠐቤ ։ٍ‫ٵ‬ᑌ၀֊ΖLindsay Jones, Encyclopedia of Religionΰ2nd editionα.ΰDetroit, New York, San.

(7) Ⴟ‫נ‬խഏ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥऱࡲඒ‫ڍ‬ցΰreligious pluralismαᑌᎎΔ ࠀ‫א׊‬ᜯ୙੡ࠢী‫ז‬।Ζ ْ᎒‫ ࣍؍ر‬20 ‫׈‬ધॣ‫ڇ‬ᜯ୙ᘋದΔ໌ඒृএԳጠ࣠Ⴜ 中阿文庫. শཕΰΝΎΣ – HƗjΔཛ᠀ृαऱ್ᆄ壂ΰ1853-1934αΖᜯ୙‫ײ‬ ΰΓήϴϐμϟ΍ ΔϜϣ - Makkatu ጠψࣾ‫ڠ‬ω4ΔԾ๯ጠ੡ψխഏ՛ऱຽ‫ף‬ω ‘s-SaghƯraα Ζ堚‫ٵ‬ए‫ڣ‬ၴΰ1862-1874α Δ℈۫ 70 ‫ڍ‬ᆄᗪཎࣥ. 28. ֘‫ݼ‬堚‫ݪ‬ऱۨᆪอए๯ᦀດ‫נ‬Զ‫఻ߺۍ‬՟ऱ‫ٵ‬ழΔխഏْཎ ᥞᖂ๬੒೯խ֨Ոൕ९‫ڜ‬᠏ฝࠩࣾ‫ڠ‬Ζ،ᑑࣔԱ‫ڼ‬๠ਢխഏ ᗪཎࣥႃխ‫ࡲ׊‬ඒᖂृႆႃհ‫چ‬Δ5Ոਢ୶෼խഏْཎᥞ֮֏ ່ࠠ‫ז‬।ࢤऱ‫ֱچ‬Δ‫ٵ‬ழՈਢխഏْཎᥞඒՕຝٝࡲ੔Ε॰ ৚ऱข‫س‬հ‫چ‬Ζ࣠Ⴜশཕ଺᥆‫ק‬᪾॰৚Δ1888 ‫ڣ‬૥ຽ‫ף‬ཛ ᠀Δ१‫ڠࣾڃ‬հ৵ެࡳಯ‫קנ‬᪾Δଠᖄψᖇᆖ۩ඒΔᙅᆖ଀ ঋωΔ1908 ‫ڣ‬ၲសᆏᝑᆖऱ໱‫ٽ‬Δ‫ڤإ‬৙‫ق‬Աْ᎒‫؍ر‬ऱ଀ ᘋሎ೯Δࠌ൓ψԶܽω6ΰᜯ୙ؑতຝα଺᥆௑ࢍֵፖ‫ٺ‬॰৚ ऱॾฒԼ։լ‫ڜ‬Ζ7Ζশཕូట৵Կ‫ڣ‬ΰ1937αΔْ᎒‫؍ر‬։ ါ੡Բ੔Δࠡխ‫א‬᪶‫ػ‬᪾ΰ್൓ᣪαॳỞ੡ଈृ๯ጠ੡ψ‫ػ‬ ੔ωΔ۞ጠ੡ψ᝛ဒॺળω Ζ್൓ᣪ࣍ 1936 ‫ڣ‬ཛ᠀ழ۞‫ޥ‬௻ ‫چ‬᥋‫ڃ‬ᄅᖂ੔ऱᆖࠢΔᖕ‫ْܒޅڼ‬᎒‫؍ر‬ऱࡲඒ‫଀ޏ‬؈ඓΔ ࠀ‫್࣠଀ޏ‬Ⴜऱࡲ‫ڱ‬Δ‫رٻޓ‬শֺᔾ२Ζ Francisco, San Diego: Thomson Gale, 2005α, p.2286. “denominationalism”Ζᚮൈ‫س‬Ε༙ᤌ‫׌‬ᒳΔ πࡲඒषᄎᖂρ Δ ΰ‫ק؀‬Κ‫ࡲ੺׈‬ඒ໑ढ塢ഗ८ᄎΔ2006α Δ଄ 176 ΖH. Richard Niebuhr, The Social Sources of Denominationalism.ΰNew York: The World Publishing, 1972α, p.17. 4 ᜯ୙ዧཛழጠ‫܂‬ḄߔΔ‫ݚ‬ழጠࣾ‫ڠ‬Δ‫ا‬ഏॣ‫ޏڣ‬ጠᜯ୙Δ1949 ‫ڣ‬৵ࡨ৬ࠫᜯ୙‫ڃ‬ග۞ए‫ڠ‬Δ ๻ᜯ୙ؑΕᜯ୙ᗼΕൈᑗᗼΕ‫ة‬壃ᗼΕᐖࣾᗼΕࡉਙᗼΕࣟၢග۞एᗼΕᗨ‫ف‬՞অ‫ڜ‬ගࣟၢග ᐼࢮග۞एᗼΖ‫ڶ֮ء‬ᣂ 1949 ‫ڣ‬հছऱඖ૪Δൄ‫א‬ψࣾ‫ڠ‬ωጠࡅᜯ୙‫چ‬೴Ζ‫ڇ‬ᜯ୙‫چ‬೴ऱᗪ ཎࣥΰ‫اڃ‬αೈ‫ڃ‬ග؆Δࡸ‫ࣟڶ‬ၢගΕঅ‫ڜ‬ගࡉᐼࢮගΖ 5 ್ຏΔπ࿭ጾհሁՂऱᗪཎ֮ࣥ֏ρΔ ΰᎬ՟Κኑ୙Գ‫נا‬ठषΔ2000αΔ଄ 92-93Ζ 6 ್ຏ‫ە‬ᢞΔ ψܽωհრᆠਢਐ੖ၺৄؑऱ৬ᗰ௑‫ݝ‬Δଈߠ࣍π੖ၺ‫ۺ‬ᥞಖρ Ζ್ຏΔπխഏْ ཎᥞඒ੔ፖ॰৚ࠫ৫‫׾‬ฃρ Δ଄ 89ΖԶܽհ൓‫ټ‬Δ່‫طڰ‬ᜯ୙ؑᅝ‫چ‬ԶଡܽᙰΔ‫ܛ‬Զஆ堚ట‫ڝ‬ ۖ൓‫ټ‬Δ1949 ‫ڣ‬Δᇠ‫چ‬բ࿇୶ࠩ 16 ܽΔ20 ‫׈‬ધ 60 ‫ ڶזڣ‬26 ܽΔ෼բ‫ ڶ‬27 ܽΖ್ຏΔ π࿭ጾ հሁՂऱᗪཎ֮ࣥ֏ρ Δ଄ 92Ζ೏‫׭‬壂‫׼‬ᜰ‫נ‬ψԶֱωፖψԶࢪωԲጟᎅऄΔ ψԶֱωߓਐᇠ‫چ‬ ‫زڇ‬ኑॹٌ੺๠ፖ‫ٌ៲ڃ‬ᄎរΔਢ؄૿Զֱຟຏሒऱ૞‫چ‬ΔՈ‫ױ‬ᇞᤩ੡Զֱऱ٣‫ۖچٺ۞ࠐا‬ ൓‫ټ‬Ι ψԶࢪωհᎅΔ‫࣍۞נ‬ᇠ‫چ‬ൕছ‫ڶ‬Զଡထ‫ټ‬ऱ್୮Δতᣂԫ൅‫ڂ‬ຍԶࢪऱၲ໌ۖ᜗ዊΖ ೏‫׭‬壂Δ π۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥषᄎംᠲઔߒρΔ ΰᥞ‫ڠ‬Κ‫ز‬࿸‫ا‬ග‫נ‬ठषΔ1991αΔ଄ 387Ζ 7 ್ຏΔπ‫׾‬ฃρΔ଄ 98Ζ. 303.

(8) ْ᎒‫؍ر‬ᘋದհছΔխഏ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥբᖵᆖԱψᄅ៱ඒ ञωΔ‫֗א‬ඒञ֧࿇堚‫ݪ‬᠜ᚘऱ෗႖ፖેᣄΖْ᎒‫؍ر‬ᘋದ հᎾΔᣊ‫ر࣍ۿ‬শֺሎ೯ፖฯᐚ୮ගΰϱΩϮόδϟ΍ - as-Sa ‘ǌdiα 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ਙएႨԺ࿨‫ٽ‬ऱൣႨΔՈ࠹ࠩ૨Ꮊ್ᣜΕ್᧵‫᧵್֗אݬכ‬ հ՗್‫ॹޡ‬Ε್‫॑ޡ‬ऱ֭਍Δ௛Ⴈ೏ይΔլ‫܀‬։֭ۖ‫נ‬ऱ᝛ ဒॺળ࠹ࠩᚘࠫΔ଺‫ڶ‬ऱ௑ࢍֵፖ‫ٺ‬ଡ॰৚Ո଍࠹ᓢᚰΖຍ ᑌऱኪႨࡉْཎᥞு֨‫چ‬೴‫ر‬শֺሎ೯ኙչᆺ੔֗ᤕॺऱ ඈᚲΔ࢖‫ࡅڼ‬ᚨΖᜯ୙‫چ‬೴‫ࡲٺ‬੔հၴऱ։ࣴፖኙ‫م‬Δऴࠩ ֮֏Օ଀ࡎழ‫ڂ‬ధೈࡲඒॾٛۖ‫ٵ‬ᔡխ٥‫ؚ‬ᚘΔ۟ 80 ‫זڣ‬ ၲ࣋հ৵Δࡲ੔հၴऱඈ‫؞‬ፖᑅኙս෡ཬ‫ࡲٺڇ‬੔ᗪཎࣥऱ ֨խΔ‫׽‬ਢᙟထՕᛩቼऱ‫᧢ޏ‬Δ࢖‫ڼ‬ऱ஁ฆፖᎁवԾ‫נ‬෼Ա լ‫ٵ‬ऱ୶ዝᑓ‫ڤ‬Ζ‫֮ء‬ലൕ‫ر‬শֺሎ೯‫נ‬࿇Δ෰֧‫ޥ‬௻‫چ‬ፖ խഏ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥ֠ࠡਢ‫ز‬࿸ᜯ୙‫چ‬೴ࡲඒ‫଀ޏ‬ऱઌຑᣂ এΔ൶ߒխഏᗪཎْࣥ᎒‫؍ر‬ऱ࿇୶Δ‫ٵ‬ழՈಘᓵ᝛ဒॺળ ൕխ։֭ᘋದऱመ࿓Ζኙ࣍‫ޥ‬௻‫چ‬ፖխഏᗪཎࣥ‫چ‬೴Բ๠ْ ཎᥞ༚ᘋሎ೯୶ዝऱषᄎહནٍല‫ֺאף‬ለΔࠀ։࣫ຽ‫ף‬ፖ ψխഏऱ՛ຽ‫ף‬ω։ܑၞ۩ऱࡲඒሎ೯ኙᅝ‫چ‬ᗪཎࣥऱᐙ ᥼Ζ ْཎᥞ‫چ੺׈‬഑ᙉខΔ‫چٺ‬षᄎ࿇୶ࡉ֮֏ႚอ‫ڶ‬ઌᅝ Օऱ஁ฆΔ‫ޢ‬ጟषᄎ৸ᑪࡉሎ೯‫ࠡڶٺ‬ᗑ௽փ୲Δᅝႚᐾࠩ ࠡ‫چה‬೴৵Ոᄎ࿇‫᧢س‬ฆΖ8ْཎᥞ‫ڇ‬լሔહψᎁ‫׌‬ᗑԫωऱ ଺ঞՀ‫୲ץ‬Ա‫چٺ‬ऱ஁ฆፖ᧢ฆΔۖ‫چٺ੺׈‬ᗪཎࣥ‫ڍ‬ցऱ ‫ْچڇ‬ཎᥞ֮֏Δ٥‫ګิٵ‬Ավֲْཎᥞ‫܂‬੡‫ࡲ੺׈‬ඒऱ٤ ෺ࢤᑌᎎΖ‫ء‬ઔߒᢞኔԱխഏْཎᥞਢْཎᥞ‫ࣨ੺׈‬Ⴧխլ ‫֟౒ױ‬ऱԫຝ։Ιխഏ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥषᄎࡲ੔‫ڍ‬ցऱ௽‫ۥ‬Δٍ ਢ‫ْ੺׈‬ཎᥞ‫ڍ‬ցᑌᎎऱԫᛩΖ 8. 304. ‫ܦ‬ႆ၆ΕࡌᛝᢋΔ π२෼‫ْז‬ཎᥞඒ৸ᑪፖሎ೯ρΔ ΰ‫ࠇק‬Κषᄎઝᖂ֮᣸‫נ‬ठषΔ2000αΔ଄ 35Ζ.

(9) 2. ॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱ‫ر‬শֺሎ೯ 18 ‫׈‬ધၲࡨΔ჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡ০ഏߨ‫޲ٻ‬ᆵΔআ‫ګ‬Աْཎ 中阿文庫. ᥞ‫ૹא‬৬ᗪཎࣥषᄎሐᐚ੡‫ؾ‬ᑑऱْᥞ༚ᘋሎ೯Ζ‫ڼ‬ழࢬ࿇ ‫س‬ऱࡲඒሎ೯Δլ‫࣍ٵ‬መ࢓ᤕॺ੔壀ఽેଥऱ೚ऄΔۖਢ࿇ ೯ᜢႨ௯Օऱਙएषᄎ଀ᄅሎ೯Ζْཎᥞऱψ༚஡ω໮៥‫ڇ‬. 28. ψ‫଀ޏ‬ω ΰΡϼλ· - islƗhαፖψ༚ᘋω ΰΪϳΪΠΗ - tajdƯdαࠟଡᄗ࢚Δ islƗh ‫۞נ‬π‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρΔ߷ࠄഒ਍֚ᆖΔ᠃‫ښ‬ਈ‫ृפ‬๯ጠ੡ ϥϮΤϠμϣ - muslhǌn9Δᖵ‫ז‬٣वᤞᙌषᄎऱᆞ༞Δ৙ཆ‫إូڃ‬ ሐհ‫س‬੒ֱ‫ڤ‬ऱ۩೯Δٍ‫ڃܛ‬༚‫إ‬อऱሎ೯ጠ੡ islƗhΖtajdƯd ਢਐψ଀ᄅω Δൕࠃ଀ᄅृጠ੡ ΩΪΠϣ - mujaddidΔట‫ޢڇ׌‬ଡ ‫ז׈‬ຟᄎ੔᎞ԫ‫଀ۯ‬ᄅृࠐࠩ‫׈‬ၴΔࠌೣᠦ‫إ‬ሐऱᗪཎࣥष ᆢ‫ॾإូڃ‬Ζْཎᥞ༚ᘋऱრᆠ༉ਢ૞‫א‬٣व৬‫م‬ऱᗪཎࣥ षᆢ੡ࠢᒤΔ֘ኙ壀ఽ‫׌‬ᆠᤕॺඒቸॺْཎᥞऱ໌ᄅΰΔϋΪΑ – bid ‘ahαΔՈ֘ኙᆖஃᖂृΰ˯ΎϤϠϋ – ulamƗ’αऱᑓُΰΪϴϠϘΗ taqlƯdα Δ‫ڶ׽‬ԫ֊‫ូڃ‬π‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρፖπᆣಝρ Δࠀ‫א‬ᗑ‫م‬෻ࢤ ࠐၞ۩ᇞᤩृ(ΪϬΘΠϣ - mujtahid)թ౨೚‫נ‬ᔞᚨ෼‫ז‬षᄎऱ‫إ‬ ᒔᇭᤩ(ΩΎϬΘΟ· - ijthƗd)Ζ10 18 ‫׈‬ધऱْཎᥞ༚ᘋሎ೯‫׌‬૞‫୾ת܄ࢮॳڶ‬ऱψ‫ر‬শֺ ሎ೯ω ΰΔϴΑΎϫϭ - Wahhabiyyah, Wahhabismα Ι19 ‫׈‬ધ‫ॺקڶ‬ऱ ψ᝛‫۫ܘ‬ωΰSanusiyyah, Sanusi Movementαፖᤕկऱψ್᎒ ૭ω ΰΔϳΪϬϣ - Mahdiyyayh, Mahdi Movementαሎ೯࿛Ι20 ‫׈‬ધ ঞ ‫ ڶ‬ୗ ֗ ᗪ ཎ ࣥ ‫ ݬ כ‬ᄎ ΰϥϮϤϠδϤϟ΍ ϥ΍ϮΧϹ΍ - al-IkhwƗn al-Muslimǌn, Muslim BrotherhoodαΖຍࠄ‫଀ޏ‬ፖ༚ᘋሎ೯ઃ ‫א‬෣֏Ε༚‫ײ‬੡խ֨ᤜᠲΔՈጠ੡ψْཎᥞ଺ඒ‫׌ڱ‬ᆠω 9 π‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρ7: 170Ι11: 117Ι28: 19Ζ್ഒ᤟Δ πխ֮᤟ᇞ‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρ ΰຽ‫౏چ‬Κऄ᎒ᐚഏ‫ײ׆‬ᥞ ᆖ‫ٱ‬፹ᐗΔ‫ڃ‬ᖟ 1407αΔ଄ 172Ε234Ε387Ζ 10 John L. Esposito, Islam: the Straight Path, ( New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp.115-116.. 305.

(10) ΰIslamic Fundamentalism, Salafismα Ζլ‫ڤݮٵ‬ऱ༚ᘋሎ೯‫ڇ‬ լ‫ٵ‬ऱ‫౑౑ֱچ‬ᘋದΔឈྥ‫ࠡڶٺ‬௽‫ۥ‬Δ֘ਠ‫ٺ‬ጟᛩቼऱᐙ ᥼Δ‫ ܀‬18 ‫׈‬ધऱ༚ᘋሎ೯ս‫ࠡڶ‬٥‫ٵ‬រΔ‫ޡॣܛ‬ಾኙփຝ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ൣቼऱ‫଀ޏ‬Δ່‫׌‬૞ऱਢᗪཎࣥऱॾٛፖኔᔌΔ‫଀ޏ‬ऱรԲ ‫ޡ‬ঞਢषᄎሐᐚऱૹ৬Ζ11‫ر‬শֺሎ೯ਢ壆‫ْڍ‬ཎᥞሎ೯ऱ ᛒ᠁Δ‫࣍ط‬࿇‫ْ࣍س‬ཎᥞऱ࿇壁‫چ‬Δࠡࡲඒ‫଀ޏ‬ፖ༚ᘋऱ৸ უ൓ࠩ֠੡ᐖऑ෡ԵऱႚᐾΖ12ᙟထ‫ر‬শֺሎ೯ऱᘋದΔْ ཎᥞඒՈ‫ޡ‬ԵԱ२‫׾ז‬ऱ࿇୶ழཚΖ13ॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱ෼‫۞ٍ׾ז‬ ‫ڼ‬ၲඔΖ14 18 ‫׈‬ધխᆺΔ൅Ꮖᗪཎࣥߨ‫଀ޏٻ‬հሁृਢॳࢮ‫୾ת܄‬ փ‫چݳ‬೴ऱॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒΔ೶ፖृ۞ጠ‫ڼ‬ԫ༚‫ײ‬ሎ೯੡ψຯ ‫ݦ‬ᐚωΔ‫ܛ‬ψॾ‫׌‬ᗑԫሎ೯ωհრΔሎ೯ऱ‫ګ‬୉ਢψᗪ‫ݦر‬ ᐚω ΰΪ˷ΣϮϤϟ΍ - al-Muwahhadα Δრ‫ܛ‬ψᗑ壀ॾٛृω Ι‫ה‬ଚՈ۞ ጠ੡ψ᝛ဒॺω ΰϲϔϠγ - Salafiα Δ‫ܛ‬ᙅ༛٣वᗪߔᚈᐚ֗ࠡ‫ݬ‬ ՗ፖ٦ႚ‫ݬ‬՗Կ‫ז‬հඒ॰ृΔՈ༉ਢኙࢬᘯψছԿᔘωѧѧ ΔΑΎΤλ - sahƗbahΰኃ۴α ΕϥϮόΑΎΗ - tƗbi ‘ǌnΰᤉٚृα ΕϦϴόΑΎΘϟ΍ ϊΒΗ - tabi ‘ at-tƗbi ‘Ưnΰᤉٚृऱಳᙟृαಇᇨॾٛፖߪ᧯Ժ۩ऱ ༇ᄃፖயऄΖլመ֘ኙ‫ڼ‬ԫሎ೯ृΔലຍԫ༚‫ײ‬ሎ೯‫ࡨ໌א‬ Գհ‫ټࡎټ‬Δ၈‫ލ‬ऱጠࡅ੡ψ‫ر‬শֺሎ೯ω Ζψ‫ر‬শֺሎ೯ω ຍଡ‫ټ‬ጠ৵ࠐ֘ۖ࠷‫ז‬Աψຯ‫ݦ‬ᐚωۖ๯ᐖ੡ࠌ‫ش‬Ζ ॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒ୮ᖂෘᄭΔల‫ ׀‬SulaymƗn ibn Ali ibn Musharraf ਢփ‫چݳ‬೴ߔ‫ߺۍ‬ᖂ੔ΰϲϠΒϨΣ - HanbalƯαऱᦞ৖Ι ‫׀‬ᘣ Abd al-WahhƗbi ibn SulaymƗn ਢփ‫ ݳ‬Uyaynah ऱऄࡴ ΰνΎϗ - qƗdinα ΔՈਢॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒรԫ‫ۯ‬ඒऄᖂ‫۔‬ஃΖ‫ה‬ஃ 11. Natana J. Delong-Bas, Wahhabi Islam .pp.8-9. ‫ܦ‬ႆ၆ΕࡌᛝᢋΔ π२෼‫ْז‬ཎᥞඒ৸ᑪፖሎ೯ρΔ଄ 67Ζ ८ࡵՆΔ πْཎᥞඒ‫׾‬ρΰ‫ࠇק‬Κխഏषᄎઝᖂ‫נ‬ठषΔ1990αΔ଄ 306Ζ 14 Philip K. Hitti, Hitory of The Arabs.ΰ10th Ed.αΰLondon: MacMillan and Co. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1979αΔp.740. 12 13. 306.

(11) ࢭ Abdu’Llah ibn IbrahƯm ibn Sayf ፖ Muhammad Hayat as-SindƯ Δ ຍ Բ ‫ ۯ‬ᖂ ृ ઃ ᙅ ࡚ խ ‫ ׈‬ધ ᖂ ृ Ibn Taymiyya al-HarƗni ( 1263-1328 )Δॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒ‫ڼڂ‬Ո‫ګ‬੡ Taymiyya 中阿文庫. ऱಳᙟृΖ15ࠡ֘ኙᆖ‫ط‬٣वࢨᆣԳ‫ז‬੡‫ࢮॳٻ‬ઙᡷհᓵ૪ 16. Δঁਢऴ൷֧‫ ۞ش‬Ibn Taymiyya ऱᨠរΖ17ॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒᝑ. ሐऱഗ៕ೈԱऴ൷‫ࢮॳٻ‬ઙᡷ؆Δࡸ‫ڶ‬Ꮪ‫࣍ૹڤ‬რቹΙ‫֗א‬. 28. լւ๺ኙ‫ृڽ‬ીრΖ๺‫۩ڍ‬հ‫ڣڶ‬ऱᗪཎࣥ۩੡ຟ๯ॳؒຟ ‫ر‬শؒ‫ސ‬ᚰΔ‫ץ‬ਔፋ៖ֲ៖ਈၲࡨழऱᢥᆣ18࿛Δ‫ݙ‬٤‫ؚ‬ధ Ա჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡ০ഏΰOttoman Empire, 1299-1922αশߺ࿇ ࢬ᧯෼ऱႚอΖ19 ‫ر‬শֺ੔‫਀്׌‬༚π‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρ Ε πᆣಝρऱ଺ࡨ壄壀Δᑅ ီչᆺ੔ΰϲόϴθϟ΍ - ash-Shi ‘ƯαΔՈ֘ኙᤕॺඒᆠΰϑϮμΗ tasawuuf, sufismα Ζչᆺፖᤕॺຟ๯ឰࡳ੡ᇠឰ࿪ऱॺ‫إ‬อΔ 20. ‫܀‬ਢ‫ؒॳڇ‬ຟ‫ر‬শؒଡԳऱᓵ૪խΔࠀ‫آ‬ಘᓵ‫ޅ‬ေᤕॺᖂ. ृΔ੷۟լམࠌ‫ش‬መψᤕॺωຍଡ᢯ნΖ21ߔ‫ߺۍ‬ፖᤕॺࠀ ॺֽ‫־‬լ୲Δᛀီߔ‫ߺۍ‬ऱ֮‫ء‬Δࠡխլႛ౒‫֘׎‬ᤕॺऱᓵ ᢞΔۖ‫׊‬լ֟ߔ‫ߺۍ‬ᖂृΔ‫ץ‬ਔ Ibn Taymiyya ່֗ࠡૹ૞ऱ ‫ݬ‬՗ Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyya ຟਢ᥆࣍ቱऱࣥળΰΔϳέΩΎϗ QƗdiriyyahαऱᤕॺΖ22௅ᖕ۵ဒኧऱ‫ە‬ᢞΔॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒऱ ‫ ۔‬ஃ Muhammad Hayat al-SindƯ ਢ ౏ ௑ չ ఄ ࢍ ඒ ቸ 15. Natana J. Delong-Bas, Wahhabi Islam. pp.18-21. Imam Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab, Explanation Compiled and Translated by Sameh Strauch, Kitab at-Tawheed Explained,ΰRiyadh: International Islamic Publishing House, 1420AH/2000CEα, p.88 & pp.107-109. 17 Stephen Schwartz, The Two Faces of Islam: The House of Sa’ud From Tradition to Terror.ΰNew York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Auckland: Doubleday, 2002α, p.69. 18 ॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒᎁ੡ψᢥᆣω‫ٵڕ‬ഗᅮඒശਈળᗫΔലળᗫֺ೚Ղ০Δຍਢᗪཎࣥլւ๺ऱΔ ૉψ‫א‬ढ಻‫׌‬ωਢ‫ܡ‬ᎁԱᗑ壀ॾٛ१‫ڍڃ‬壀ΰϙήη - shirkαऱ۩੡ΖImam Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab, Explanation Compiled and Translated by Sameh Strauch, Kitab at-Tawheed Explained, p.43-44. 19 Stephen Schwartz, The Two Faces of Islam. p.69. 20 Ibid, p.71. 21 Natana J. Delong-Bas, Wahhabi Islam. p.84. 22 Ibid, p.83. 16. 307.

(12) ΰNaqshibƗdiyyaαထ‫ټ‬ऱᤕॺ IbrƗhƯm b. Hasan al-KǌrƗnƯ ΰ1616-1690αհ՗ Abu ‘t-TƗhir Muhammad al-KurdƯ ऱᖂ‫س‬Ζ ۖ IbrƗhƯm b. Hasan al-KǌrƗnƯ ‫ ׼‬ԫ ‫ ݬ ۯ‬՗ az-Zayn b. 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. Muhammad ‘Abd al-BƗqƯ al-MizjƗjƯΔࠡ壄்֨ഛऱࠝ՗ ‘Abd al-KhƗliqΰd.1725αམඒᖄመխഏୃ᎒‫ݴ‬ળ੔ऱ್ࣔ֨Ζ23լ ‫܀‬ലॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒፖᤕॺઌຑΔ੷۟Ո෰ದԱፖխഏ॰৚ऱ ຑᒵΖ24ॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒፖᤕॺෘᄭ੷෡Δথ๯Ⴟທ‫֘ګ‬ᤕॺ ං೯ृࠀլ‫ࡵٽ‬Δ25ਝྥॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒ‫ء‬Գլམऴ൷‫ޅ‬ေᤕ ॺ‫׌‬ᆠΔ‫ر‬শֺ੔֘ᤕॺऱ‫م‬ᓵᚨᇠਢ৵ࠐᅝᦞृฯᐚ୮ග ऱ‫്׌‬Ζ ‫ر‬শֺ੔ኙৱչᆺ੔ঞઌ֘Δᖵ‫׾‬Ղऱߔ‫ߺۍ‬ԫऴਢ֘ չᆺऱΔॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒಾኙչᆺশߺ࿇ᤉࢭᦞऱംᠲΔ‫ޅ‬ေ չᆺ‫ܡ‬ᎁԱψֆᤜω ΰωΎϤΟ΍ - ijmƗ ‘αऱ‫ٽ‬ऄࢤΖ26‫ה‬ᐩ৿չ ᆺ੔Δࠌ൓չᆺ੔‫ګ‬੡‫ر‬শֺሎ೯‫ڰ‬ཚ‫ސ‬ᚰऱ‫ؾ‬ᑑΔቝਢॳ ࢮ‫ࣟ୾ת܄‬ຝ Hasa ຍଡչᆺ೴഑Δᅝழԫֱ૿‫ڂ‬੡ࢴ࿪‫ر‬ শֺ‫്׌‬Ιԫֱ૿Ո‫ڂ‬੡ለփ‫ݳ‬ऱߦຟ‫ڂ‬Գ༄‫ګۖڶ‬੡‫ܖ‬൲ ऱኙွΖ27ྤᓵ‫ڕ‬۶Δ֘չᆺ‫ؒॳڇ്׌‬ຟ‫ر‬শؒፖฯᐚ୮ ග࿨‫ٽ‬ऱຍ੄ᖵ‫׾‬խԫऴ‫ڇژ‬Δ1801 ‫ސڣ‬ᚰչᆺᆣৄ‫׬‬ዿ֣ ࢮΰ˯ϼΑήϛ - Karbala αΔᄁᄤร؄ٚশ෻࿇ॳߺ‫ڻ‬՗ঀ᝛‫ڂ‬ ΰϦϴδΣ - Husayn,626-680αհችΔ༉ਢ່ࣔ᧩ऱࠏ՗Δ੷۟ վֲ‫ޥ‬௻‫׆܄ࢮॳچ‬ഏຟࡸ‫װآ‬ೈ֘չᆺऱ‫ۥ‬൑Ζ ॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒլ‫ޅ܀‬ေչᆺΔՈࢻᚰ᎝‫؍‬੔ऱ؄Օඒऄ ᖂ੔Δ‫ޅה‬ေࢬ‫֘ڶ‬ኙृ‫֗א‬լᣋಳᙟ‫ה‬ऱԳ੡ೝቝശਈ ृΕধඒृΖ28‫֘ה‬ኙശਈ٣वᗪߔᚈᐚ29Ιᥧຂᗪཎࣥኙᆣ 23. Joseph Fletcher, “The Naqshbandiyya in northwest China”, pp.24-29. Jonathan N. Lipman, Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China.ΰSeattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1997α, pp.202. 25 Ibid, p.87. 26 Ibid, p.84. 27 Stephen Schwartz, The Two Faces of Islam. p.75. 28 Ibid, p.71. 24. 308.

(13) Գᏻችശਈ30Ι‫ޅ‬ေ‫م‬ችᅾऱ฾ঋ31Δᎁ੡ຍࠄຟਢ‫ܡ‬ᎁԱᗑ 壀ॾٛΔ१‫ڍڃ‬壀ऱ۩੡Ζ‫ה‬ൎᓳॾ‫׌‬ᗑԫΔ৙ጠॺ᎝‫؍‬੔ ृΔ੷۟ԫࠄ‫ץ‬ਔْཎࡖ໵ऱᤕկΕশߺ࿇ਢฆጤࢨਢೕ࿳ 中阿文庫. ृΔຍࠄዻ೯ࢤऱߢᓵຟ੡‫ر‬শֺऱᄕጤ‫׌‬ᆠृኙࠡ‫ࡲה‬੔ ᗪཎࣥ࿇೯ᆣᖏΔ֠ࠡਢኙչᆺ੔ψฆጤωፖ჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡ ০ഏऱ‫ސ‬ᚰ༼ࠎԱࡲඒፖਙएऱ‫إ‬ᅝࢤΰpolitico-religious. 28. justificationα Ζ32֦ۖᇫऱਢ‫ر‬শֺ੔࿇೯ᆣᖏऱኙွࡺྥຟ ਢᗪཎࣥ‫ߪء‬Ζ ॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒऱ‫଀ޏ‬ሎ೯ᔡી჋ቹ೷ՒۘࠡቇؒԱψඒ ‫ח‬ωΰϯϮΘϓ - fatwaα඿‫אף‬ၚ஢Δሑ࣍ 1744 ‫ੌڣ‬Ջࠩฯᐚ୮ ගอएऱ Dariyah ՞ߣΖॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒࡉْ‫ء‬ฯᐚΰ ϦΑ΍ ΪϤΤϣ ΩϮόγ - Muhammad Ibn Sa ‘udα࿨ᅩΔᠨֱ᡽ૡԱψ࠰ࡳω ΰϕΎΜϴϣ - mithƗqα࢖‫ڼ‬՗Ⴓല‫ة‬ᥛઌյ࢘ᇨΖࡲඒऱ壀ᆣᑷ‫ݵ‬੡ਙए ມ֨ࣚ೭Δ֘հথլጐྥΖ33ॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒუቝ۞աਢԫଡ ᄅऱ٣वΔ࠷‫ז‬჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡশߺ࿇‫ګ‬੡٤᧯ᗪཎࣥऱഄԫ 壀ᖂᦞ৖Δْ‫ء‬ฯᐚঞཚৱᆖ‫رط‬শֺሎ೯࠷൓ਙᦞΖ34ॳ ؒຟ‫ر‬শؒឈྥ‫׽‬ኙࡲტᘋᔊΔ‫܀‬ਢ‫ה‬Ո೭ኔऱԱᇞࠩΔೈ ॺ۴ᙟ‫׈‬ঋऱ໴ᚍΔ޲‫ڶ‬ԫଡਙएᏆ๱ᣋრ੡ࡲඒকຍᏖՕ ऱଅᙠΔ35ْۖ‫ء‬ฯᐚԱᇞࠩຍ‫ۯ‬ႚඒृऱᕖԺΰcharismaα ੷‫ڶ‬ტ਩ԺΔެࡳᡐឰ‫ה֗אה‬ऱᎅඒΔ૞‫ؒॳޣ‬ຟ‫ر‬শؒ ‫ڇ‬ٚ۶ൣ‫ݮ‬Հઃլ൓ፖࠡ‫ה‬ຝᆵ૷९೚壀ᆣऱᜤ࿨ ΰspiritural allegianceαΔ໺ࡳԱվֲ‫ޥ‬௻‫׆܄ࢮॳچ‬ഏऱഗ. 29 Imam Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab, Explanation Compiled and Translated by Sameh Strauch, Kitab at-Tawheed Explained,p.90. 30 Ibid, p.62 & pp.127-133. 31 Ibid, pp.135-138. 32 Tarig Ali, The Clash of Fundamentalism: Crusade, Jihads and Modernity.ΰLondon, New York: Verso, 2002α, p.74. 33 Ibid, p.75. 34 Stephen Schwartz, The Two Faces of Islam. p.74. 35 Natana J. Delong-Bas, Wahhabi Islam. p.34.. 309.

(14) ‫ف‬Ζ36 ฯᐚ୮ගऱ Sa ‘ǌd bin Abd al-Aziz ࣍ 1803 ‫ڣ‬ൕᆣᇔ SharƯf Ghalib ֫խኆՀԱຽ‫ף‬ፖຽ‫߷چ‬Δ৙‫ر܉‬শֺ੡ࡴֱ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ‫ੌ׌‬Δጹ൷ထॴሶॺ‫ر‬শֺऱཛ᠀ृΔࠀ੡֚ࢪᆝՂ႕ؒΔ ‫׊‬ᄤᡏผᕽፖᆣችΔ‫ڇ‬ᆣৄ৬‫م‬Աรԫଡ‫ر‬শֺഏ୮Ζ371865 ۟ 1891 ‫ڣ‬ၴ൳ࠫԱᖞଡॳࢮ‫୾ת܄‬Δ‫ڼڇ܀‬հ৵ႨԺԾດ ዬಐஇΔ1891 ‫رڣ‬শؒѧฯᐚᜤᅩऱಳᙟृ๯ᦀດ۟‫ޥ‬௻‫چ‬ խຝ‫ޥ‬ዣ‫چ‬೴Δऴࠩ 1901 ‫ڣ‬Δ‫ڣ‬ႛ 21 ᄣऱ Abdul-Aziz Ibn Abdur-RahmƗn Ibn Muhammad as-Sa ‘ǌd ۞ઝ৖௽१‫ڃ‬Δ࣍ 1924 ‫ڣ‬٠༚ຽ‫ף‬Ε‫ٳ‬ሒፖຽ‫߷چ‬Ζ۟ 1925 ‫ڣ‬Δฯᐚ୮ග‫إ‬ ‫ڤ‬ኆ൓ਙᦞΖ 1912 ‫ڣ‬Δ੡ψ‫ر‬শؒѧฯᐚᜤᅩωய࢘ऱߦຟ‫ڂ‬Գิ៣ Աᆠট૨ΰWahhabi militiaα Δࡎ‫ټ‬੡ψ‫ݬכ‬ᄎω ΰϥ΍ϮΧϹ΍ – alIkhwƗnΔbrotherhoodΔ Ծጠψْ᎒‫؍ر‬ω α Δ‫ה‬ଚਢփ‫ٺݳ‬ຝ ᆵऱ‫ڣ‬᎘ԳΔլૹီଡԳ‫֗א‬መ࢓ॳࢮ‫܄‬Գऱႚอ۞‫ط‬Δ‫ڇ‬ ᖩሀ‫୾ת‬ऱ‫ٺ‬ጸ੊Ղ৬‫ࠠم‬ໂ૨ࠃิ៣ऱልᕼᖕរΔጠհ੡ ψ։ᠦω ΰήΠϫ - HijarαΖْ᎒‫ז؍ر‬।‫ر‬শֺ։ᠦ‫׌‬ᆠऱრ ࢚Δ‫ޙ‬࿪ࠡ‫ה‬ऱᗪཎࣥΕॺᗪཎࣥΔ‫֗א‬ᖞଡ‫੺׈‬Ζ1916 ۟ 1928 ‫ڣ‬հၴΔ‫ ڶ‬26 ໱ߦຟ‫ڂ‬Գ֘‫ر‬শֺऱᑊ႖๯ْ᎒‫؍ر‬ ‫ۨא‬ੑ࿨‫ޔ‬Ζ᧩ྥْ᎒‫؍ر‬բ‫ګ‬੡ฯᐚอएऱ೎იΔࠡ૨ࠃ Ժၦਢ‫رॺࠫࣂࠐش‬শֺऱᗪཎࣥΖ38ऴࠩ 1929 ‫ءْڣ‬ฯᐚ ᚘࠫԱ֘‫ݼ‬ऱ‫ݬכ‬ᄎΔթؓஒԱ‫ر‬শֺሎ೯խऱᖿၞ੔Δ39ࠩ Ա 1932 ‫ڣ‬ΔലᦞԺႃխ֫ᇙΔ৬‫م‬Ավֲհ‫ޥ‬௻‫܄ࢮॳچ‬ 36. Tarig Ali, The Clash of Fundamentalism. p.75. ْ‫ء‬ฯᐚ 1765 ‫׈װڣ‬৵Δ‫ה‬ऱࠝ՗ॳؒ‫ޙ‬Θॳᛎ౿ΰAbd al-Aziz ibn S’udaαᤉ‫ۯ‬Δ࣍ 1788 ‫ڣ‬৬‫رم‬শؒѧฯᐚᜤᅩΰWahhab-Saudi allianceα Δ൳ࠫԱॳࢮ‫୾ת܄‬ऱՕຝ։Ζ1792 ‫رڣ‬শ ؒ‫׈װ‬Δॳؒ‫ޙ‬Θॳᛎ౿‫ګ‬੡ᜤᅩᏆ๱ΔലႨԺ‫ٻۼ‬ຽ‫౏چ‬Εْࢮ‫܌‬ፖඖ‫ࠅܓ‬ΖStephen Schwartz, p.75. 38 Stephen Schwartz, The Two Faces of Islam. p.96-97. 39 Ibid, p.109. 37. 310.

(15) ‫׆‬ഏΰThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabiaα Ζْ᎒‫؍ر‬ਢْཎᥞ‫ء‬ Ւऱ෻࢚Δࠡ‫مګ‬հழΔ‫چٺ੺׈‬ऱᗑဪृ‫ڕ‬٨ኑΕᕠ౉ߺ ‫؍‬࿛ઃࡸ‫مګآ‬ਙᦞΔᘋದ۞‫ޥ‬ዣऱْ᎒‫؍ر‬Ոլ֜‫ױڶ‬౨ 中阿文庫. ‫ْॺٻ‬ཎᥞ‫੺׈‬ᖂ฾Ζ40‫ر‬শֺᆠট૨ࠌ‫ش‬ψْ᎒‫؍ر‬ωऱ ‫ټ‬ጠߓ‫ط‬π‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρխ᧒࠷ψ‫ݬכ‬ωԫဲ‫܂‬੡ࡎ‫ټ‬ऱࠉᖕΔ π‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρ49:10Κψߞγॺࣣл‫׌‬Ǵࡺգॺᔈ྽௨ှл‫׌‬໔. 28. ‫ޑ‬઱‫ݾ‬Ǵգॺᔈ྽ལࣙ੿ЬǴаߡգॺᆾЬ‫ޑ‬ኇኈǶω4120 ‫׈‬ધॣխഏ۫‫ګݮק‬ऱψْ᎒‫؍ر‬ωՈ৙ጠএ௅ᖕ‫ڼ‬ᆖ֮ऱ რᆠۖࡎ‫ټ‬Ζ42 18 ‫׈‬ધ‫ࠐא‬Δຽ‫ף‬ፖຽ‫߷چ‬ਢْཎᥞ‫੺׈‬ፊ‫ټ‬ऱ‫ޣ‬ᖂᆣ ‫چ‬Δ‫ڣޢ‬ຟ‫ڶ‬Օ‫ޅ‬ᗪཎࣥ۞‫ڼࠐچٺ੺׈‬ཛ᠀Δ੡ᖂृၴऱ ৸უٌੌ༼ࠎԱԫයֱঁऱ྄ሐΖ43ൕֱࣟऱᤕ॰࿠ᢊࠩ۫ ֱऱ‫ֲ؍‬Δຟ౨ტᤚࠩ‫ה‬ଚऱᐙ᥼Ζ44‫ر‬শֺรԫ‫ॺڇڻ‬ᗪ ཎࣥ೴഑ऱ੒೯࿇‫ٱڇس‬৫ΔSayyid Ahmad Barelvi ࣍ 1820 ‫ࠩڣ‬ຽ‫ף‬ፖຽ‫߷چ‬ཛ᠀१ഏ৵Բ‫ڣ‬Δ‫ ڇ‬Upper Ganges ऱ Patna ৬‫م‬Ա‫ر‬শֺխ֨Ζ‫ٱ‬৫‫ڻ‬Օຬ‫ץ‬ਔॳ༄‫ۀ‬Ε֣ഗཎ ࡖ֗࡯‫ࢮף‬໰ጠψ٤෺‫ر‬শֺ‫׌‬ᆠऱኔ᧭৛ωΰlaboratory of global Wahhbismα Δ۟վ‫ر‬শֺս‫ފڼڇ‬ዝૹ૞ߡ‫ۥ‬Ζ45‫ر‬শ ֺሎ೯Ոࡉխഏ۫‫ק‬ऱᗪཎࣥհၴ‫נ‬෼Աᜤ࿨Δ‫࣠ܛ‬Ⴜশཕ ್ᆄ壂٣‫س‬૥ຽ‫ף‬ཛ᠀ፖሏᖂ१ഏ৵Δُᅃ‫ر‬শֺψຯ‫ݦ‬ᐚω ऱ‫م‬ᓵଠᖄψᖇᆖ۩ඒΔᙅᆖ଀ঋω Δ‫ ڇ‬1908 ‫࣍ڣ‬ψխഏऱ ՛ຽ‫ף‬ωࢬ‫مګ‬ऱխഏψْ᎒‫؍ر‬੔ω Δ‫ ֗א‬30 ‫ڣ‬հ৵Δࣾ 40. Ibid, p.104. ଺֮".ϥϮϤΣήΗ ϢϜϠόϟ Ϳ΍ ΍ϮϘΗ΍ϭ ϢϜϳϮΧ΃ ϦϴΑ ΍ϮΤϠλ΄ϓ ΓϮΧ· ϥϮϨϣϮϤϟ΍ ΎϤϧ·"್ഒ᤟Δ πխ֮᤟ᇞ‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρ ΰຽ‫౏چ‬Κ ऄ᎒ᐚഏ‫ײ׆‬ᥞᆖ‫ٱ‬፹ᐗΔ‫ڃ‬ᖟ 1407α Δ଄ 516Ζ଺֮ΓϮΧ· ΰikhwahΔ‫ݬכ‬αፖ ϢϜϳϮΧ΃ ΰakhwaikumΔ ‫܃‬ଚऱ‫ݬכ‬α್ഒ᤟੡ψඒઽωΖ 42 ೏֮᎛ᒳΔ π㽠Ⴜশཕņᙅᆖ௑ঋऱଠᖄृρ Δ ΰ‫ק؀‬Κխഏ‫ڃ‬ඒ֮֏ඒߛഗ८ᄎΔ1989α Δ଄ 4Ζ 43 ८ࡵՆΔ πْཎᥞඒ‫׾‬ρΔ଄ 302Ζ 44 Philip K. Hitti , Hitory of The Arabs. P.741. 45 Stephen Schwartz, The Two Faces of Islam. p.87-88. 41. 311.

(16) ‫ڠ‬٦‫ڻ‬ᘋದऱ‫ْ଀ޏ‬᎒‫؍ر‬ऱψ᝛ဒॺળ੔ωΖຍࠟଡࡲ੔ ‫ڇ‬ᅝழ‫ࠩ֗א‬෼‫ڇ‬ຟ੡խഏᗪཎࣥ൅ࠐᄕՕऱᔼᖔፖᐙ᥼Ζ. 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. 3. ْ᎒‫ګݮ؍ر‬ছऱխഏ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥषᄎ ʳ խഏᗪཎࣥऱ‫ګݮ‬Δլਢॳࢮ‫܄‬Գឩ്ऱ࿨࣠Δۖਢ‫ڇ‬ ԫଡ௽ࡳऱᖵ‫׾‬යٙՀऱ࿇୶Ζ46ା೏ࡲ‫ة‬ᚧԲ‫ڣ‬ΰ651αॳ ࢮ‫܄‬೸Գ‫ڤإ‬ᔏՂխഏᏆՒΔ47ຫূ‫୲ݮ‬Օଇΰॳࢮ‫܄‬α‫ڇ‬ ା‫ݚ‬ၴፖխഏऱᣂএψ੃‫ڕ‬վֲհ૎ભω Ζ48ାΕ‫ݚ‬ழཚխഏ ऎ௧‫ڠੈڕ‬Εࣜ‫ڠ‬Εᐖ‫ڠ‬ΕՂ௧࿛‫ڂچ‬೸Գ᥋ฑࡺఎۖ‫ګ‬੡ ᗪཎࣥႆႃհ‫چ‬Δց‫ࠅ۫۞ࠐז‬ऱᗪཎࣥ‫א‬ψ‫ؾۥ‬Գωऱ‫ټ‬ ᆠ‫ף‬ԵԱխഏຍଡՕ୮அΔψႨԺ֠ՕωΔ49ࠩԱࣔ‫ז‬Δխ଺ ‫چ‬೴ऱᗪཎࣥᆖ‫֏چڇ‬ሎ೯ۖ‫ڇ‬խഏ‫س‬௅Δࠀ‫ڇ׊‬൷ᤛࣟࠐ ऱᤕॺሐቸհ৵Δْཎᥞऱ‫ء‬ᔆՈข‫س‬Ա᧢֏Ζխഏ۫‫ڇק‬ ࣔ‫أ‬堚ॣ‫ࠩ࠹ڂ‬ᤕॺ‫׌‬ᆠऱᐙ᥼‫ګݮ‬Ա௽‫ڶ‬ऱψ॰৚ωิ ៣Δॾஈऱࡲඒ‫פ‬ଥፖመ࢓ᗪཎࣥऱࡲඒኔᔌֱ‫ڤ‬Օฆࠡ ᔊΔ‫چק۫ڇ‬೴ऱᗪཎࣥհၴ‫ڰګݮ‬ཚऱࡲ੔෼ွΖˈ˃ʳ ْཎᥞඒ۞ାཛႚԵխഏ৵Δႛ‫܄ࢮॳڇ‬቞‫ا‬խঅ਍ࡲ ඒ฾ঋΔࠩԱࣔ堚ழ‫ז‬թ‫ڶࠠګݮ‬խഏ௽‫ۥ‬ऱࡲඒΖ‫זࣔڇ‬ ऱ 300 ‫ڣ‬խΔխഏऱᗪཎࣥѧѧ‫ڃڃ‬Δ‫ګݮ‬Աԫଡ‫ا‬ග٥‫ٵ‬ ᧯Δ51ց‫ڃڃז‬ልᕼऱ‫׌‬૞‫چ‬೴‫ڕ‬ኑ୙Ε℈۫Ε‫ز‬࿸Εᄅᡲ ࿛‫چ‬Δ‫ګ‬੡‫اڃڃ‬ගऱ່Օፋࡺ೴Ζ52խഏᗪཎࣥႃխऱ‫چ‬ 46. ್ຏΔπխഏ۫‫ْק‬ཎᥞඒഗ‫ء‬௽ᐛρΔ ΰᎬ՟Κኑ୙Գ‫נا‬ठषΔ2000αΔ଄ 6Ζ π៱ା஼ρ ΰ࠴ 198 Օଇႚα Κ ψՕଇ‫ंڇء‬ཎհ۫Ξ‫ة‬ᚧԲ‫ࡨڣ‬᎞ࠌԵಥΖω ΰ৵வαᏥࣕ࿛ ထπ៱ା஼ρᄘ୮ᙻ‫׌‬ᒳΔ πᄅீ‫៱ء‬ା஼ॵ౉֧ρΔ ΰ‫ק؀‬Κቓ֮Δ1976α Δ଄ 5315Ζ 48 ຫূΔτ‫ڃڃ‬ඒԵխഏ‫׾‬ฃυΔ πֱࣟᠧ፾ρΔ ΰร 25 ࠴รԫᇆΔ1928 ‫ڣ‬αΔ଄ 117Ζ‫گ‬Ե႓Օ ࠹‫ڣ‬πխॳᣂএ‫׾‬ற֮᣸ॣᒳρΔ ΰ‫ק؀‬ΚխᘋՕᖂխॳᣂএ‫׾‬ઔߒ৛Δ1990αΔ଄ 669Ζ 49 ‫ٵ‬ՂုΔ଄ 119Ε671Ζ 50 ‫ڶ‬ᣂխഏᗪཎࣥࡲ੔ऱ‫ګݮ‬ᖵ‫׾‬೶ߠ᎓ટᆳΔ τൕၲសᆏᨠኘᜯ୙ᗪཎࣥषᄎऱࡲ੔‫ڍ‬ց֏ ෼ွυ Δπ᎖ոࡲඒઔߒρรԼԶཚΰ2009 ਞαΔ଄ 117-148Ζ 51 ୙ጇྐྵ‫׌‬ᒳΔπْཎᥞඒፖᗪཎࣥ‫س‬੒ρΔ ΰၲ৞ΚࣾতԳ‫נا‬ठषΔ1990αΔ଄ 324Ζ 52 ࡌᛝᢋΕ‫ޥ‬ટటΔ πْཎᥞඒ‫ڇ‬խഏρ Δΰ‫ࠇק‬Κဎ֮‫נ‬ठषΔ2002αΔ଄ 72Ζ 47. 312.

(17) ೴‫אܛ‬ཎဒ‫ܓ‬ΰRaphael IsraeliαࢬጠΔ۞ॹ௧ऱ۫ኑᆖ‫ز‬࿸ ᜯ୙ΕᜯੜΕࡐᄭΕ‫ࠩ֨ٵ‬ኑ୙ऱᎬ՟հψ‫ײ‬ᥞ൅ω ΰQur'Ɨn beltαΔ53վֲ‫ز‬࿸ਢց‫ז‬૨ၷऱ৵Ⴇഗ‫چ‬Δٌղ່‫ូڰ‬ႉऱ 中阿文庫. ᗪཎࣥ༳ጥΔ֢܎ٍ‫ڍ‬੡խࠅ᡽࿇ऱᗪཎࣥΔ‫چڂ‬෻‫ైڂ‬Δ ‫ࣔڹ‬ழཚᠮ९๕֗Δԫऴঅఎ‫ݙ‬ᖞऱፋࡺរΖ54‫ز‬࿸‫ڃ‬ගԳ Ցႛ‫࣍ڻ‬ኑ୙Δਢ٤խഏ‫ڃ‬ග‫׌‬૞ፋࡺ‫چ‬հԫΔۖᜯ୙‫ڃ‬ග. 28. ۞ए‫ڠ‬ፖ്୮՟‫ڃ‬ග۞एᗼऱ‫ڃ‬ග‫۾‬Ա‫ز‬࿸‫ڃ‬ගऱՕຝ ։Ζ‫࣍ط‬堚ਙࢌኙ‫اڃ‬ኔ۩ᚘ૰ਙ࿜Δ଺ࠐ༉ψ‫ڍڃ‬ዧ֟ω ऱࣾ‫ڠ‬ΔԾྂԵՕၦࠐᝩᣄऱ‫اڃ‬Δ‫ګ‬੡‫ڃ‬ග່‫׌‬૞ऱፋࡺ հ‫چ‬ΔႛԶܽԫ൅༉‫ اڃڶ‬3 ᆄ塒ԳΖ55խഏᗪཎࣥ೸Գፖ ཛ᠀ড়ࠐ‫ڠࣾڃ‬ፖխࣟΔ‫ה‬ଚ१ၢ৵ᚥ‫ڠࣾܗ‬৬๻‫ګ‬Աψխ ഏऱ՛ຽ‫ף‬ω Ζ56 ۞ା‫أࣔࠩݚ‬Δխഏْཎᥞඒ‫׾‬ՂऱছԫՏ‫ڣ‬լམ‫נ‬෼ መլ‫ٵ‬ऱࡲඒ੔ܑΔࠩԱ 17 ‫׈‬ધ‫أ‬Ε18 ‫׈‬ધॣΔࣾ‫چڠ‬೴ ऱْཎᥞඒດዬ։֏‫ګݮ‬Աψ௑ࢍֵω‫֗א‬ψॡ֛ળω ΰΔϴϔΧ – Khufiyyaα Ε ψୃ᎒‫ݴ‬ળω ΰΔϳήϫΎΟ – JƗhiriyyaα Ε ψቱऱࣥળω Ε ψ஄ լ‫ݴ‬ળω ΰΔϳήΒϛ – Kubriyyaα؄ଡ॰৚֗ࠡԼ塒ଡ֭ߓΖ57ᤕ ဗ৸უႚԵխഏऱ‫׌‬૞଺‫ڂ‬ਢൈዺ 23 ‫ڣ‬ΰ1684αၲ࣋௧ᆃΔ խഏፖ؆‫چ‬ᗪཎٌࣥ࢓ֲዬ᙮᜗ۖ‫ګݮ‬Δࠡຜஉ‫ڶ‬؄Κԫ੡ ཛ᠀ृ۞ॳࢮ‫܄‬ഏ୮१ഏ৵൅ၞഏփΙԲ੡ൕॳࢮ‫ࢨ܄‬խࠅ ऱႚඒՓၞԵխഏႚ඄ΙԿ੡ൕᄅᡲၞԵխഏ۫‫ק‬ऱႚඒՓ ႚԵΙ؄੡խഏᗪཎࣥ۞ᖂ‫م໌ۖګڶ‬Ζ58‫ز‬ኑॹऱ॰৚‫׌‬ 53 Raphael Israeli & Adam Gardner-Rush, “Sectarian Islam and Sino-Muslim Identity in China”, The Muslim World, ΰ Vol. 90, Fall 2000α, p.451. 54 ๺ᖆၼΔ π壆್૨Ꮊႃቸፖ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥषᄎρΔ ΰᎬ՟Κኑ୙Գ‫נا‬ठषΔ2001αΔ଄ 6Ζ 55 ᄘඔ߭ΕᄘဎΔπխഏْཎᥞඒऱᖵ‫׾‬࿇୶ፖ෼णρ ΔΰᎬ՟Κኑ୙Գ‫נا‬ठषΔ1999αΔ଄ 5-7Ζ 56 Dru C. Gladney, “The Salafiyya Movement in Northwest China: Islamic Fundamentalism among the Muslim Chinese?” in Leif Manger ed. Muslim Diversity: Local Islam in Global Context,ΰSurrey: Curzon. 1999α,p.102. 57 ೏‫׭‬壂Δ π۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥषᄎംᠲઔߒρΔ଄ 37Ζ 58 ‫ٵ‬ՂုΔ଄ 383Ζ. 313.

(18) ૞‫ط‬Բ‫ۯ‬ᆣԳႚԵΔԫ੡ 25 ‫׈‬ᆣᇔ᎒ሒᄐຏࢮ‫ݦ‬Θॳऄ௑Θ ೷չࡅ೬ΰHidƗyatu al-Lahi AppƗq MashhǌrΔ‫࠱ࡉ܌ࢆॳܛ‬α ࢬႚ඄ऱሐอΔ್ࡲ‫م໌ۖڂس‬ψฅ୮໱ω॰৚Ι್‫໌ૣښ‬ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ‫م‬ψᗪ֛༼ω॰৚Ε್ࠐᙈ໌ψဎ‫ڝ‬॰৚ω Δઃ᥆ψॡ֛ળω ሐอΙ‫׼‬ԫሁஉ੡ 29 ‫׈‬ᆣᇔဎୃॳؒຟᇀࢮ‫ݦ‬ΰ ҧ hojƗ Abdu-l-Lahiαႚ඄ψቱऱࣥળωΔ່‫ڶڰ‬ह॰ΰՕ਑‫ק‬αΕធ ॰ΰ৵‫ޏ‬༇ॡ֛ળαፖ್॰ΰႆতαԿ֭Δۖ৵Ծ૜֏‫נ‬ૉ ե։֭Δ‫ࠡ۩ٺ‬ሐΔյլอ᥆Ζ59 ψ௑ࢍֵω‫ء‬რ੡ψ‫۔‬Ε៱ω Δ ψ௑ࢍֵ੔ωԾ๯ጠ‫܂‬ψ‫۔‬ ඒω Δਢխഏ່‫ګݮڰ‬ऱᗪཎࣥषᆢΔՈਢխഏ‫ڃ‬ගऱ௅ࢍΔ ဎ‫ڝ‬॰৚‫נ‬෼հ৵Δઌኙ࣍ဎ‫ڝ‬॰৚Δ‫ڂ‬ᖵ‫׾‬ለհ‫ۖ۔ײ‬൓ ‫ټ‬Ζ॰৚‫ڂ‬੡ਢ‫ڶ଺ڇ‬ᗪཎࣥषᆢΰඒܽαխ‫ॾگܮ‬ஈΔਢ ਚ‫آ‬᠏ฝ‫ګ‬੡॰৚ृΔ๯ጠ੡ψ௑ࢍֵωΔፖ‫ګࡲޏ‬੡॰৚ ृ࢖‫ڼ‬ᓢડΖ堚‫ז‬ᤕॺ‫׌‬ᆠၞԵխഏ۫‫چק‬೴Δլ‫ٵ‬ऱඒቸ ‫ࡲڇ‬ඒኔᔌՂઃլጐઌ‫ٵ‬Δຍࠄඒቸ‫ڇ‬խഏ۫‫ק‬ఎՀᇠඒቸ ऱψႚߓωΰΔϠδϠγ – silsilaαΔ‫ګݮ‬ԱᑇԼଡψ॰৚ω֗ࠡ։ ֭Ζ ψ॰৚ω‫ګݮ‬ऱழၴለψ௑ࢍֵωඡΔဎ‫ڝ‬॰৚ሑ‫ڶ‬ψᄅ ඒωհጠΖ ᖵ‫׾‬ՂΔࣾ‫ڠ‬ऱ॰৚ፖ௑ࢍֵ‫֗א‬լ‫ٵ‬॰৚հၴ‫נ‬෼‫ڍ‬ ‫ڻ‬ඒञΖ‫ڕ‬೓ၼ 13 ‫ڣ‬ΰ1748α௑ࢍֵፖ್ࠐᙈऱဎ‫ڝ‬॰৚ հၴψছၲΕ৵ၲհञωΖ‫ڼ‬ႈञጤऱૹរ‫࣍ڇ‬ኙْཎᥞស ִΰϥΎπϣέ – RamadƗn, ْᖟ԰ִα࿨‫ޔ‬ழΔᅝ‫چ‬ᗪཎࣥխ௑ ࢍֵආ٣ၲសΕ৵៖ਈΔਢ੡ψছၲ੔ωΙဎ‫ڝ‬॰৚ঞਢ٣ ៖ਈΕ৵ၲសऱψ৵ၲ੔ωΖᠨֱኙ࣍៖ਈፖၲសऱ٣৵ႉ ‫ٺݧ‬ചԫဲΔյլઌᨃΔࢉۖႛ္ַ࣍๼Δ‫آ‬࿇‫ۨੌس‬ඳ೐Ζ 60. 59 60. 314. ဎ‫ڝ‬॰৚ዬዬ‫چྟࣾڇ‬೴࠷൓ᚌႨΔ‫܀‬ৰ‫چݶ‬༉࠹ࠩ‫׼‬ԫ ್ຏΔπ‫׾‬ฃρॵᙕԲΔ଄ 353-358Ζ ್ຏΔπ‫׾‬ฃρΔ଄ 92-93Ζ.

(19) ֭؆ࠐᤕॺ‫׌‬ᆠ॰৚ႨԺऱਗᖏΔ߷ঁਢ್ࣔ֨ࢬႚԵऱୃ ᎒‫ݴ‬ળΖ61ઌለհՀΔॡ֛ળሐอऱψဎ‫ڝ‬ω٣ࠐΔ๯ጠ੡ ψ‫۔‬ඒω Ι ψୃ᎒‫ݴ‬ળω৵ࠩΔ๯ጠ੡ψᄅඒω Ζ ψᄅඒωፖψ‫۔‬ 中阿文庫. ඒω‫ګ‬੡ᑑ፾‫ࡲٺ‬੔‫ګݮ‬ழၴऱኙᚨ‫ټ‬ጠΖ೓ၼ 27 ‫ڣ‬ΰ1762α ್ࣔ֨ऱୃ᎒‫ݴ‬ળፖဎ‫ڝ‬॰৚್ഏᣪհၴ࿇‫س‬ԱψᄅΕ‫۔‬ඒ ञωΔᠨֱ‫ڂ‬᥯ᆖۖ‫ࡴܫ‬Δ堚‫ݪ‬ආ‫ݿ‬ψ‫۔‬ω ΰဎ‫ڝ‬α‫ލ‬ψᄅω. 28. ΰୃ᎒‫ݴ‬ળαࠀවጐ௅ೈୃ੔ႨԺऱ‫܂‬ऄΔᖿದᤕ؄ԼԿ࣍ ೓ၼ 46 ‫ڣ‬ΰ1781αऱದᆠΔ٦֧࿇Կ‫ڣ‬৵‫زڇ‬࿸ຏྍᗼऱ ‫୽ف‬໵հ‫ݰ‬Δዝ᧢‫ୃאګ‬᎒‫ݴ‬ળ੡‫׌‬ᖄऱ‫ݼ‬堚ࠃ᧢Ζ堚‫ݪ‬ൎ Ⴈ᠜ᚘΔ༛֏Εࣾ‫ڠ‬ऱୃ੔‫ڽ‬ՋԼ։հ԰Δဎ‫ڝ‬ፖୃ੔Ⴈլ ࠟ‫م‬Δࣾྟᗪཎࣥփຝᣤૹ؈ࡉΖ62堚ࡱ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥषᄎᖿ ௺ऱࡲ੔ኙ‫م‬෼ွΔࠡխ່ૹ૞ऱᖵ‫׾‬Գ֮હནΔঁਢኙ२ ‫ז‬ᅝ‫ࡲچ‬ඒΕ‫ا‬ග‫س‬ኪᐙ᥼੷ሰऱ॰৚ࠫ৫֗ࠡ࿇୶ऱ࿨ ࣠Ζ63 ْ᎒‫נ؍ر‬෼հছΔխഏ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥषᄎ೯ᛯऱ່‫׌‬૞ ଺‫ڂ‬ਢ௑ࢍֵፖ॰৚Δ‫֗א‬լ‫ٵ‬॰৚հၴऱψᄅ៱ඒञωΔ ञጤऱᖄ‫־‬ᒵ࢓࢓ਢඒᆠऱᇞᤩፖඒᏚऱኔᔌֱ‫ڤ‬Ζ堚‫ݪ‬੡ Աᝩ‫܍‬ᖿ֏ࠃጤΔದॣՕ‫ڍ‬լᣋ‫ڇ‬ᄅΕ‫۔‬ඒٚԫֱտԵመ ෡Δ64‫܀‬ዝ᧢੡֘堚ࠃٙ৵Δঁၞ۩ྲྀᎩऱ᠜ᚘΖ堚‫ݪ‬ψ‫ݿ‬ ‫ލ۔‬ᄅωऱਙ࿜ࠌ൓ୃ᎒‫ݴ‬ળ‫ڇ‬ᜯ୙ऱ࿇୶࠹஫Ι௑ࢍֵፖ ॡ֛ળऱ࿇୶ঞለ੡ᓒডΔࠡ١ྲྀऱ࿸堚֫੄ΔୖՀԱ‫ٵ‬ए ‫ڣ‬ၴ๵ᑓ‫ޓ‬Օऱᗪཎࣥ‫ݼ‬堚ࠃٙ65Δۖ‫ڃ‬Εዧψ։ۖएհω ‫֗א‬ψ‫ڃא‬ए‫ڃ‬ωऱਙ࿜Δঞທ༉Աԫଡ‫ק۫ځ׿‬ᑇԼ‫ڣ‬ऱ 61 ്խ༚Δ π堚‫᧢ࠃاڃק۫ז‬ѧѧषᄎ֮֏ᔞᚨፖ‫ا‬ගᎁ‫ٵ‬ऱઊ৸ρ Δΰ‫ק؀‬Κᜤᆖ‫נ‬ठषΔ 2001α Δ଄ 71Ζ 62 ್ຏΔπ‫׾‬ฃρΔ଄ 166Ζ 63 ്խ༚Δ π堚‫᧢ࠃاڃק۫ז‬ѧѧषᄎ֮֏ᔞᚨፖ‫ا‬ගᎁ‫ٵ‬ऱઊ৸ρ Δ଄ 67Ζ 64 ‫ٵ‬ՂုΔ଄ 75Ζ 65 ‫ٵ‬एց‫ڣ‬ೇ۫‫اڃ‬ದࠃ৵Δ‫ز‬࿸‫ंܛاڃ‬ຑۖದΔ‫ګݮ‬ኑ୙८ᗨ໵ΰ್֏ᚊαΕ۫ኑΰ್ெ ᄭαΕ࿸‫ڠ‬ΰ್֮ᆂαፖࣾ‫ڠ‬ΰ್‫׭‬㛌α؄ଡ‫ݼ‬堚խ֨։ܑኙ堚‫ݪ‬ທ‫ګ‬৖ౡΖ. 315.

(20) २‫ڃז‬ග૨Գ壄૎ႃቸΖ66٠ፃ 21 ‫ڣ‬ΰ1895α Δ‫ز‬࿸Ծᡨ࿇ ࣾྟࠃ᧢Δದ‫ڂ‬սਢࡲ੔ᓢડΔ‫܀‬ᓢડխᖑ‫ᦞ܎ڶ‬ऱᗪཎࣥ ૨Ꮊբ‫ފ‬ዝԱૹ૞ߡ‫ۥ‬Ζ್‫׭‬㛌࣍ 1873 ‫ڣ‬๯堚‫گݪ‬ᒳ੡ࣾ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ‫ڠ‬᠜್ၷԿ዁հᅮ൅ଫխ዁዁ࡴΔਢᗪཎࣥ‫ګ‬੡‫܎ࡴڤإ‬༳ ༽૨ᦞհࡨΔۖ৵‫ڠࣾ࣍ߪנ‬ԿՕ୮ගऱ್୮૨Ꮊΰॵቹ 1Κ ࣾ‫ڠ‬ԿՕ୮ග್୮૨ᎺᣂএቹαΔ‫چڠࣾڇ‬೴ႨԺດዬ࿇୶ ݇ՕΔ༚൓ࠩ‫ࢌࡴֱچ‬ऱᎁ‫ױ‬Δؐ‫׳‬Աᖞଡ۫‫زק‬ኑॹ‫چ‬೴ ऱ‫ݝ‬ႨΖ6719 ‫׈‬ધ‫ أ‬20 ‫׈‬ધॣխഏْ᎒‫ڠࣾڇ؍ر‬ᘋದհ ৵Δԫ‫ڕ‬ᅝ‫ڣ‬॰৚ᘋದழ‫ڶ଺ڇ‬ᗪཎࣥषᆢխ‫ॾگܮ‬ஈΔ௑ ࢍֵ‫ٺ֗א‬॰৚ઃ‫ګ‬੡ࠡඒՀऱ‫׌‬૞ࠐᄭΔ଺ࠐᄅΕ‫۔‬ඒհ ၴऱ౑ञΔԾ೶ԵԱْ᎒‫؍ر‬Δլ‫ࠌ܀‬൓ࡲ੔յ೯ᑓ‫ૹڤ‬ᄅ ੑྨΔْ᎒‫؍ر‬ፖ૨Ꮊψਙඒ‫ٽ‬ԫωऱ࿨‫ٽ‬ᑓ‫ڤ‬Δᨃࡲ੔հ ၴऱ౑ञ‫ޓ‬᝟ᓤᠧΖ. 4. ْ᎒‫؍ر‬ऱෘᄭ֗ࠡࡲඒ‫଀ޏ‬ሎ೯ ْ᎒‫؍ر‬ਢॳࢮ‫֮܄‬ψ‫ݬכ‬ωհრΔᄭ۞࣍π‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρ 49 ີ 10 ᆏᆖ֮Ζ‫ر‬শֺऱ૨ࠃԺၦѧѧ‫ݬכ‬ᄎ৙ጠ‫ڼא‬੡ ໌‫ࠉم‬ᖕΙխഏ۫‫ْק‬᎒‫؍ر‬੔հ໌‫م‬ΔՈ۞ጠ௅ᖕ‫ڼ‬ᆖ֮ ऱრᆠۖࠐΖ‫ޥ‬௻‫ چ‬1912 ‫ڣ‬৬‫م‬ψ‫ݬכ‬ᄎωழ‫إ‬ଖฯᐚ୮ ගรԿ‫ڻ‬ၞ۩อԫॳࢮ‫୾ת܄‬ཚၴΰॵ। 1Κ‫ޥ‬௻‫܄ࢮॳچ‬ ᖵٚഏ‫׆‬αΔ‫ݬכ‬ᄎශྤጊം‫چ‬੡‫ر‬শֺய࢘ΔՈ‫ګ‬੡ฯᐚ ୮ගऱ৵એΔᅝழխഏऱْ᎒‫؍ر‬ፖհ᎟ઌࡅᚨΖ ψْ᎒‫؍ر‬ω໌ࡨ࣍ࣾ‫ڠ‬Δଅ۩࣍۫‫ק‬Δੌ۩࣍٤խഏΔ २‫؀ڣ‬᨜ᗪཎࣥՈዬႜ‫ٻ‬ᇠࡲ੔Ζᇠ੔Ծ۞ጠ੡ψফَߺ᎝ ԯωΰΔϨδϟ΍ Ϟϫ΍ - Ahal as-SunnaΔ᎝࡜ಳᙟृΔԾ᤟੡ᙅᆖृα 66 67. 316. ๺ᖆၼΔ π壆್૨Ꮊႃቸፖ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥषᄎρΔ଄ 7-8Ζ ԭࣔঊΔ π್壂壁ႚρΔ ΰᎬ՟Κኑ୙Գ‫נا‬ठषΔ2001αΔ଄ 2Ζ.

(21) ࢨऴ᤟੡ψᙅᆖ੔ω Δઌለ࣍௑ࢍֵ‫֗א‬॰৚ΔՈ๯ጠ੡ψᄅ ඒωࢨψᄅᘋඒωΖխഏᗪཎࣥֆᎁْ᎒‫؍ر‬ऱ໌ࡨृ੡վ ֲ‫ز‬࿸ઊࣟၢග۞एᗼ࣠Ⴜ‫ޘ‬শཕ್ᆄ壂Δ‫ ڇה‬1888 ۟ 1892 中阿文庫. ‫ڣ‬૥վֲհ‫ޥ‬௻‫׆چ‬ഏཛ᠀ࠀ‫ڇ‬ᅝ‫چ‬ઔ฾Δཛ᠀‫ڃ‬ၢ৵Δ࿨ ‫ٽ‬ԱխഏْཎᥞऱኔᎾൣउΔຑ࿮ᅝழࣾ‫ڠ‬ԫࠄव‫ټ‬শཕΔ ੡ᅝ‫چ‬ᗪཎࣥտฯ‫ر‬শֺ৸უΔ68᝱ᨈԱ 20 ‫ڣ‬հ৵Δ1908. 28. ‫࣠ڣ‬Ⴜশཕ‫شܓ‬ၲសᆏᝑᆖऱ໱‫ٽ‬Δ৙ጠψْ᎒‫؍ر‬૞อԫ ‫ ٺ‬ඒ ੔ ࡉ ‫ ٺ‬॰ ৚ ωΔψ ੡ ඒ ॰ ੌ ۨ ᥔ ੪ ਢ ॐ ۫ ᐚ ΰΪϴϬη – shahƯdΔ੡‫׌‬ሐᥔ੪ृα ω Ζ69ࠀ༼‫נ‬ԱԼය଀ᄅრߠΔਢ੡ψ࣠ ႼԼයω70Ζ ْ᎒‫؍ر‬ᘋದհছऱխഏ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥषᄎൣႨΔ༼ࠎԱ ್ᆄ壂ᘋದࡲඒ‫଀ޏ‬ऱ೯ԺΖᅝழቝ‫ה‬ԫᑌ૥ຽ‫ף‬ཛ᠀ृՕ ‫ڶ‬Գ‫ڇ‬Δ۫‫אק‬؆խഏ‫چٺ‬ऱཛ᠀ፖሏᖂृΔ१ၢհ৵থլ མല‫ر‬শֺ৸უ֧ԵΔ‫ࠡڇ‬୮ၢ৙ႚ࿇ཆΙۖ‫ڼڇ‬հছΔ۫ ‫چק‬೴ᗪཎࣥ૥ຽ‫ף‬ཛ᠀ፖሏᖂृΔՈլམ‫ק۫ڇ‬ං۩‫ر‬শ ֺሎ೯Δഄᗑ‫ڼڇ‬ழ‫ࠥڼ‬ᅝ‫چ‬ᄅ៱ඒञፖْཎᥞ‫֏چڇ‬ऱࣷ ໮ՀΔ᝱ᨈ‫ࠉנ‬᎒‫مګ؍ر‬ऱৈᖲΖ ْ᎒‫؍ر‬ਢ‫ܡ‬ᄭ࣍‫ޥ‬௻‫چ‬ऱ‫ر‬শֺ੔‫ڶ‬ԲጟᎅऄΔ್ຏ ᎁ੡Բृլጩऴ൷ઌᣂΔխഏऱْ᎒‫۞ڇ؍ر‬աऱഏ୮ၞ۩ ‫֏چڇ‬ऱْཎᥞ଀ᄅሎ೯Δࡉ‫ޥ‬௻‫چ‬ऱ‫ر‬শֺሎ೯‫ڇ‬ᣋඨՂ ਢԫીऱΔ‫଀۞ٺ܀‬ᄅऱփ୲լጐઌ‫ٵ‬Δ‫׽‬౨ᎅ್ᆄ壂࠹ࠩ Ա‫ޥ‬௻‫ْچ‬ཎᥞ৸ᑪऱψඔ࿇ωΔ71‫ޙ‬ᒕՈ਍‫ڼ‬ԫ઎ऄΖ72‫܀‬ 68. ್ຏΔπխഏْཎᥞඒ੔॰৚ᄩᄭρΔ ΰᎬ՟Κኑ୙Գ‫נا‬ठषΔ2000αΔ଄ 132-133Ζ ್ຏΔπ‫׾‬ฃρΔ଄ 98Ζ 70 ࣠ႼԼය੡Κ1.լፋฒ٥‫ٵ‬ആπ‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρ Δ‫്׌‬ԫԳആΔՕ୮ஐᦫΖ2.լ೏ᜢᨬᆣΖ3.լ‫ڍ‬೚ ψຟরωΰ˯ΎϋΩ - Du’Ɨ’ΔઙᡷαΖ4.լཛਈ਑ਈΰ਑‫ק‬αΖ5.լፋฒആψಘ‫ػ‬ωΰΔΑϮΗ - TawbahΔᣭ ஗α Δᣭ஗ਢଡԳऱࠃΖ6.լધ࢚ՋԳऱֲ՗Ζ7.լ‫ײش‬ᥞᆖ᠏ψ၄༼ળω ΰ˯΍Ϊϓ - FidƗ’ΔᦱᆞᏚ ‫ڤ‬α Ζ8.ᙅ‫פࡎ֚ښ‬ᓰΔլൎᓳ೫‫פ‬Ζ9.ኙඒයΕඒཱིආ១໢࣐۩଺ঞΖ10.ዿ೷ߺΰϞϤϋ - ‘AmalΔ ࡲඒ‫פ‬ᓰα૞۞աიΔᓮܑԳ‫ז‬იլ۩Ζ೏֮᎛ᒳΔπ㽠Ⴜশཕņᙅᆖ௑ঋऱଠᖄृρΔ଄ 56Ζ 71 ್ຏΔπ‫׾‬ฃρΔ଄ 95Ζ 72 Dru C. Gladney, Dislocating China: Reflections on Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects.(London: Hurst and Company, 2004), p.319. 69. 317.

(22) ਢፖْ᎒‫؍ر‬᥯ᆖᓵሐ‫ٌ֫ڻڍ‬ऱᦪॳỞ73থඛಽኲᥳऱᎁ ੡ԲृᅝྥઌᣂΖ74࿝ृ‫ڼא‬ᇬംْ᎒‫؍ر‬੔ඒՀΔ൓ࠩऱ ࿠ூਢ‫ࡳܡ‬ऱΔ‫ה‬ଚ۞ᎁਢ؄Օऄᖂ੔ᅝխऱশԯॺΔ‫܀‬ਢ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ኙ್࣍ᆄ壂۞‫ޥ‬௻‫چ‬ཛ᠀‫ڃ‬ഏ৵ၞ۩ࡲඒ‫଀ޏ‬ऱᖵ‫ڂ֗׾‬ ᒴᎾᄎΔথ੍੍ᑗሐ‫ڕ‬ᑇ୮ੴΖᄷ‫ڼ‬ΔԲृ᜕ྥྤऴ൷ᣂএΔ ‫܀‬Ոլ౨֊ឰ࢖‫ڼ‬壄壀ՂऱᣂຑΔۖլᓵਢ壄壀ࢨኔᔆऱႚ ࢭΔᛀီԲृॣᘋհࡲඒᛩቼፖֲ৵࿇୶ऱषᄎહནΔઌ‫ۿ‬ ऱ໱ན‫ࠟڇ‬๠ᗪཎࣥፋࡺ೴ૹᓤ‫נ‬෼Ζॳࢮ‫੺׈܄‬ፖխഏ۫ ‫ק‬ऱࡲඒ༚ᘋሎ೯հၴΔႉထ W.Schmidt ༼‫נ‬ऱψ֮֏എ෻ ᓵωΰculture circle theoryα75Δ‫ބױ‬༈‫נ‬Բृઌյऱᣂᜤࠀ ၞ۩‫૿ֱڍ‬ऱኙᚨፖֺለΖ18 ‫׈‬ધ‫א‬৵Δ‫נ੺׈܄ࢮॳڇ‬෼ ऱ‫଀ޏ‬ፖ༚ᘋሎ೯ΔՈᤉᥛᙁಬᐙ᥼խഏْཎᥞ᧢ᔢऱ‫ڂ‬ ՗Ζ խഏْ᎒‫رࠩ࠹؍ر‬শֺᐙ᥼থլጠᇠ੔ෘᄭ۞ॳࢮ ‫܄‬ऱ‫ر‬শֺ੔Δଖ൓‫ܠ‬Գၞԫ‫ޡ‬ං኿Ζॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱψ‫ر‬শֺ੔ω ‫ࠐء‬༉լጠ۞աࢬᙅ࡚ऱਢψ‫ر‬শֺωΔۖਢ۞ጠ੡ψຯ‫ݦ‬ ᐚωΔψ‫ر‬শֺωਢψ‫ृה‬ω‫࣍נ‬၈‫ۖލ‬ದऱψ‫ה‬ጠωΖॳؒ ຟ‫ر‬শؒ֗ࠡಳᙟृ੡ፂᥨْཎᥞ଺ඒ‫׌ڱ‬ᆠऱొ෣Δլ൦ ᘋᖏΔ৙ጠْࠡཎᥞኔᔌթਢట෻Δᥧຂࠡ‫ה‬ᗪཎࣥਢฆᣊ ੷۟ॺᗪཎࣥΔຍᑌऱኪႨΔൄࠌ൓ᑛ੊ᖂृᎄലࢬ‫ڶ‬ᗪཎ. 318. 73 हࣔᐚ٣‫س‬ΰ1897-1987αਢԫ‫ࡺ׈ۯ‬ԶܽऱࠢᒤԳढΔԳጠψᦪॳỞω Ζ࿝ृ࣍ 2006 ‫ ڣ‬10 ִ 30 ֲਈ๶ᦪॳỞԲ՗हտੈॳᅍΔᘣณ‫ؾ‬ᅯᦪॳỞ୶ᦰْ᎒‫؍ر‬੔ॳࢮ‫֮܄‬ထ‫܂‬հઍ‫ޅ‬Δ ‫ࠡٻ֗א‬՗ਐ‫ق‬ᇠထ‫܂‬խࣔ‫᧩ػ‬෼ْ᎒‫؍ر‬এ‫ر۞נ‬শֺ੔հ֮‫ڗ‬ழΔ‫ދ‬࿝ԫቮۖ‫ڇ‬ᇠ଄૿ឨ ధऱฉᇾΖࠡ٣Գ଺੡௑ࢍֵඒՀΔ‫ڂ‬խࠅॳࢆ‫ࠐࣟ࠱ࡉ܌‬ႚඒΔ඄ղ٣లहॾԫψሐଊ‫פ‬ᓰ ੡ቱࢍ‫ݴ‬ળΰቱऱࣥળαΕԯ௑չఄࢍળΕߧ৸ືળΰChestiyyahαΕ᝛শۘ؆ۖືળ ΰSaharwadiyyahα؄Օሐഘωऱેଥ࿳‫ګۖפ‬੡॰৚୮Δ‫܀‬ਢᦪॳỞ‫ࠩ࠹ڠࣾڇ‬ऱ༇ശਢլ։ ௑ࢍֵᝫਢ॰৚ऱΖ 74 ᜯ୙ؑࣔᐚ堚ట‫ڝ‬Δ πᦪॳỞρ ΰᜯ୙ؑΚᜯ୙ؑࣔᐚ堚ట‫ڝ‬Δ2004 ٦ठαΔ଄ 3Ζ 75 W. Schmidt ‫֏֮ނ‬എ઎೚ਢԫଡ‫ڶ‬ᖲऱᖞ᧯ΰan organic wholeαΔዌ‫ګ‬ຍԫ‫ڶ‬ᖲᖞ᧯ऱցై ‫פڇ‬౨ՂਢյઌᣂᜤऱΖՅਢԫଡ‫ڶ‬ᖲऱᖞଡ֮֏Δ‫ץ‬ਔԳ‫س‬Ꮑ૞ऱ‫ٺ‬ຝᒤᡱृΔ‫ܛ‬ਢ֮֏എΔ ‫֏֮ڼ‬എ‫ګݮچٺڇאױ‬Ε࿇୶Δࠀ‫چהٻױ׊‬ᔢฝΖ‫ٵ‬ԫ֮֏എ‫ࠟڇۯאױ‬ଡ‫چ‬൅Ζࠟଡ֮ ֏എऱઌᣂΔ༉ਢࠟ‫چ‬ऱ֮֏ઌᣂΖ‫׆‬ႆն‫׌‬ᒳΔ πႆնषᄎઝᖂՕ᢯ࠢρ ΰรԼ‫ם‬Գᣊᖂα Δ ΰ‫؀‬ ‫ק‬Κ‫؀‬᨜೸೭‫ٱ‬஼塢Δ1989αΔ ψ֮֏എω᢯යΔ଄ 37-39Ζ.

(23) ࣥ଺ඒ‫׌ڱ‬ᆠृូ᜔੡‫ر‬শֺ੔Δࠀᎁ੡ਢ 19 ‫׈‬ધᖞଡࠅ ੊ᗪཎࣥᑊԺऱഗ៕Ζ 76 ್ᆄ壂‫زڇ‬࿸ࣾ‫ْ໌ॣڠ‬᎒‫؍ر‬ ழΔՈ‫شࠌآ‬ψ‫ر‬শֺ੔ωհ‫ټ‬Δۖਢଗ‫ش‬ಳᙟฯᐚ୮ගऱ 中阿文庫. ཾडृհጠψ᎝࡜ಳᙟृωΔ77٦ଃ᤟੡ψফَߺ᎝ԯωΔਚ Ծ‫ڶ‬ψᙅᆖ੔ωհጠΔࢨਢઌለ࣍៱‫ڶ‬ऱ௑ࢍֵፖ॰৚ۖ๯ ໦‫܂‬ψᄅඒω Ζ. 28. ್ຏᎁ੡৵ࠐ᠏᧢੡ψْ᎒‫؍ر‬ω‫ױ‬౨ਢլ۞ᤚऱΔ78ࠀ ‫׊‬ਢ‫܄ࢮॳڇ‬ऱ‫ݬכ‬ᄎᘋದΔࠡሎ೯ं֗խഏհ৵Δࡨ‫ڶ‬ψْ ᎒‫؍ر‬ωհጠΖ79ᗪཎࣥԫ‫ڼ࢖ٻ‬ጠ‫כ‬ሐ‫ݬ‬Δຍࠌ൓ Marshall Broomhall ᢥ‫ٵ‬ऄഏᖂृ M.Devéria ‫ ڇ‬Origine de I`Islamisme en Chine ԫ஼ऱᓵរΔᎁ੡խഏԳጠᗪཎࣥ੡ψ‫ڃڃ‬ω༉ਢ ᄭ۞࣍ॳࢮ‫܄‬፿ֱߢψ‫ݺ‬ऱ‫ݬכ‬ω ΰϱϮΧ΃ʳ –ʳakhoiαΖ80ψْ᎒ ‫؍ر‬ω‫ܛ‬ϲϧ΍ϮΧ·ʳ ˀʳIkhwƗni ਢʳ Υ΃Ωʳ˔˾˻ʳ ऱᓤᑇীኪ٦‫ף‬Ղรԫ Գጠࢬ‫ڶ‬௑‫ݠڗ‬Δრ৸ਢψ‫ݺ‬ऱฒ‫ݬכ‬ଚωΔਝ១ࣔԾ༄ዻ ೯ԺΔ1928 ‫ڣ‬Δୗ֗ऱশௌఄ౏( ΎϨΒϟ΍ ϦδΣ - Hassan al-BanƗ, 1906-1949)Ո‫ټڼא‬ᆠ‫״‬ႃ‫ٵݳ‬ሐ‫ٽ‬ऱ֖ࣛ໌‫م‬Աψᗪཎࣥ ‫ݬכ‬ᄎωΖ‫ޥ‬௻‫چ‬Εխഏ۫‫ק‬ፖୗ֗ऱْཎᥞ଺ඒ‫׌ڱ‬ᆠृ ‫ ڇ‬20 ‫׈‬ધॣઃሎ‫ش‬π‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρऱ‫״‬໦ᘋದᇠ‫چ‬ऱࡲඒ༚ᘋ ሎ೯Ζ խഏᗪཎࣥઃ۞ጠ᥆࣍᎝‫؍‬੔ऱψশԯॺωΔۖ‫ر‬শֺ ੔ऱഗ៕ਢᄭ۞࣍ψߔ‫ߺۍ‬ωඒऄᖂ੔Δ‫ڇڼڂ‬խഏᘋದ‫׊‬ ඿ᐖ੡‫گܮ‬խഏᗪཎࣥ‫ף‬Եೄᛜऱْ᎒‫ࢭ׽؍ر‬ᎁ᧒࠷Ա ԫࠄ‫ر‬শֺऱᨠ࢚Δࠀլᣋრ൷࠹۞աऱᖂᎅෘᄭ‫ܛ‬ਢ‫ر‬শ 76. Jonathan N. Lipman, Familiar Strangers. pp.203-204. Ibid, p.204. ್ຏΔπᄩᄭρΔ଄ 135Ζ 79 ‫ٵ‬ՂုΔ଄ 141Ζ 80 Marshall Broomhall, Islam in China : A Neglected Problem.ΰLondon: China Inland Mission, 1910α, p.171.ʳ˴˾˻̂˼ ਢॳࢮ‫֮܄‬ʳ ϲΧ΍ʳ Ωʳ˴˾˻˼ ऱֱߢΔਢխഏԳኙᗪཎࣥऱᑋጠΔ‫ڂ‬ᗪཎࣥ࢖‫ڼ‬ ጠ‫כ‬ሐ‫ݬ‬ΔխഏԳॣፖհ൷ᤛΔൄᦫ‫ה‬ଚ‫ڼא‬ઌጠΔਚٍ‫ڼא‬ጠࡅࠡԳΖ᎓ટᆳΔ πᄅᡲࠉ᛽ ઔߒρ ΰ‫ק؀‬ΚਙՕ‫ا‬ගࢬጚՓᓵ֮Δ1995αΔ଄ 12Ζ 77 78. 319.

(24) ֺ੔Ζ81‫܀‬ਢԲृऱᣂএኔ۟੡യ֊Δ‫ر‬শֺ੔ፖْ᎒‫؍ر‬ հၴਢ‫ܡ‬౨෰ದ‫࣠ڂ‬ᣂএऱຑᒵΔ‫ܠ‬Գ‫ױ‬ᆖ‫ط‬ᛀီ್ᆄ壂ཛ ᠀ऱ‫׾‬ኔ‫ر֗א‬শֺ੔ፖْ᎒‫؍ر‬ऱ‫׌‬૞ࡲ‫᧭אףࠐڱ‬ᢞΖ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ‫ْڣޢ‬ཎᥞᖟ 12 ִᗪཎࣥՕཛཚၴΔ‫ٺ‬ጟᖂ੔ऱٌੌ ႚᐾਢᖵ‫ࢤ׾‬ऱክࠏΖ821890 ‫್זڣ‬ᆄ壂૥ॳࢮ‫܄‬ཛ᠀ࠀሏ ᖂ؄‫ڣ‬ཚၴΔᅝழ‫رࠌܛ‬শֺѧ‫ޥ‬௻‫چ‬ᜤᅩ๯ᦀດ۟‫ޥ‬ዣ‫چ‬ ೴ΔਙएԺլኦΔ‫܀‬սྥᖑ‫ڶ‬ൎႨऱࡲඒᐙ᥼ԺΖ83उ‫ر׊‬ শֺ੔ᅝழբ‫ڇ‬ዧ‫چݳ‬೴෡ౙԱ 80 塒‫ڣ‬ΔԳ֮ㄅဇऱຽ‫ף‬ ‫ڶ‬ᢥ‫ृګ‬ΙՈ‫֘ڶ‬ኙऱᜢ௡Δ್ᆄ壂լ‫܀‬լ‫ױ‬౨ኙᑷ௺ऱಘ ᓵ‫ۘך‬լፊΔᄕ‫ױڶ‬౨ᝫ೶ፖԱຍࠄಘᓵΖ‫׽‬૞್ᆄ壂‫࠷ܮ‬ Աຽ‫ף‬ፖॳࢮ‫੺׈܄‬ऱ֮֏वᢝፖْཎᥞඒᆠΔ‫ر‬শֺऱ‫م‬ ᓵႨ‫ڇܶץؘ‬ຍࠄवᢝፖඒᆠհխΔ್۟࣍ᆄ壂ਢ‫ܡ‬٤֨٤ რऱല‫ر‬শֺ֧ၞΔൕ‫ה‬᥋‫ڃ‬ऱ஼ᤄઃ੡ॳؒຟ‫ر‬শؒࢨਢ ‫ر‬শֺ੔ऱထ‫܂‬Δࠀᖇ៶ထຍࠄထ‫۩۞܂‬ᐷ૪ፖૡࡳψ࣠Ⴜ Լයωࠐ઎Δ࿠ூᚨਢ्ࡳऱΖ84ಳᙟ್ᆄ壂ছ‫װ‬ཛ᠀ፖሏ ᖂऱԼ‫ॳۯ‬ỞΔ৵ࠐՈ‫ګ‬੡್ᆄ壂‫ڠࣾڇ‬ං۩ᙅᆖ଀ঋऱு ֨ԳढΖ ʳ ್ᆄ壂ཛ᠀‫ڃ‬ഏΔ‫ڇ‬ᐖ‫ڠ‬ೖఎԫ‫ڣ‬৵१‫ڠࣾڃ‬Δ‫ڇ‬ᅝழ ኙ؆ᣂএԼ։৞ຨऱൣ‫ݮ‬ՀΔૉ‫ڶ‬ਬ‫ࡲۯ‬ඒԳՓ‫װ‬Ախࣟհ ৵१ၢΔ‫ࡳؘ‬ᄎᤢ൓ᗪཎࣥऱფᚮΔ‫ڼڂ‬๺‫ڍ‬ᗪཎࣥየࢮΰϻϮϣʳ ˀʳ MaulƗΔᆖ‫س‬αᐠ‫ࠐۖټ‬ਈ‫הڇ‬ऱ॰ՀΖ85ْ᎒‫؍ر‬ଠᖄ଀ ᄅऱ‫׌‬૞ᑑऱ‫ڇ‬ψ‫ؚ‬ଙ॰৚ω Δࡉ॰৚հၴऱ౑ञለ੡ᣤૹΔ ‫࣍ط‬ψْ᎒‫؍ر‬ωᝫᑑ዆ψอԫࡲඒωΔኙψ௑ࢍֵωՈທ ‫ګ‬৖ౡΖ‫ڂ‬ᗪཎࣥ‫ݼ‬堚ࠃٙۖഹದࠀ‫چڠࣾڇ‬೴ດዬ࿇୶݇ 81 82 83 84 85. 320. ್ຏΔπᄩᄭρΔ଄ 145Ζ ‫ٵ‬ՂုΔ଄ 135Ζ! Jonathan N. Lipman, Familiar Strangers. p.202. ್ຏΔπᄩᄭρΔ଄ 135-136Ζ Jonathan N. Lipman, Familiar Strangers. pp.203-204..

(25) Օऱᗪཎࣥ૨ᎺႨԺΔ෡ᦎ‫ٺ‬॰৚հᣄ‫א‬ᖞ‫ٽ‬Δ‫֗א‬௑ࢍֵ ‫ٺ‬ඒܽิ៣ᠾཋΔഄ‫ْشܓڶ‬᎒‫؍ر‬ᓒডഹದऱᄅᘋႨԺΔ ‫֗א‬อԫْཎᥞऱࡲ‫ڱ‬Δֱ౨ሒࠩ༳൳۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥ௻ጆऱ‫ؾ‬ 中阿文庫. ऱΔሑ‫ګ‬੡ْ᎒‫؍ر‬ऱ֭਍ृΔՈ‫ګ‬੡ْ᎒‫ڠࣾڇ؍ر‬ፖ॰ ৚֗௑ࢍֵᑅኙऱංं‫ܗ‬ᣴृΖ 堚‫أ‬հᎾΔխഏ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥᅝխΔ௑ࢍֵፖ॰৚սᖑ‫ڶ‬. 28. ່‫ڍ‬ಳᙟऱॾฒΔᅝழ್‫ߜڜ‬ፖ್ᣜऱႨԺൎฐΔߩ‫ࣂא‬ᖒ 堚‫ݪ‬ኙᗪཎࣥषᄎऱ൳ࠫΕ‫ࡲॴރ‬੔ၴऱᑊԺઌ‫ٻ‬Ε‫ࠫ֗א‬ ᘝ‫ٷ‬྾ፖխഏॺᗪཎࣥհၴኙ‫م‬Ζ್ᆄ壂֗ࠡಳᙟृ੡ᏺ‫ף‬ ॾฒΕឩ‫ך‬ठቹ‫್࣍ࣚូړ׽‬ᣜऱᏆᖄΖ1917 ‫ڣ‬հ৵Δْ᎒ ‫؍ر‬ીԺ࣍խഏᗪཎࣥऱอԫΔ್ᣜ್֗壂壁ঞ‫ך‬։‫ْشܓ‬ ᎒‫؍ر‬ၞ۩۫‫ק‬ऱอᖞΔ൷ᥛृࡸ‫್ڶ‬壂壁հ՗್ពၛፖ್ ពᎏΖ‫ڇ‬อᖞऱመ࿓խΔْ᎒‫؍ر‬ऱඒᆠፖॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱ‫ر‬শֺ ດዬๅራΙ86੡Ա०‫ٽ‬խഏᗪཎࣥऱᏁ‫ޣ‬Δ‫א‬ዧ֮ထ૪Εዧ ፿ᝑᆖΕଗ‫ش‬ਚ‫ڶ‬ᕢᖂ৸უᇞᤩْཎᥞඒᆠΕ‫֗א‬ႉᚨषᄎ ࿇୶ઝᖂ࿛‫֏چڇ‬ፖ‫׈‬ঋ֏ᆬ‫ޡ‬ΔՈࠌ൓խഏऱْ᎒‫؍ر‬ፖ ॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱ‫ر‬শֺ‫ݮ‬ᎎዬዬ‫נ‬෼஁ฆΖ 18 ‫׈‬ધॳࢮ‫܄‬ऱቼउፖᔡሖࡉ 19 ‫׈‬ધխഏᗪཎࣥࢬ๠ ऱᛩቼ‫ڶ‬๺‫ڍ‬ઌ‫ۿ‬հ๠Δ‫ر‬শֺಾኙᅝழऱॳࢮ‫܄‬षᄎ༼‫נ‬ ଀ᄅΙ್ᆄ壂‫گܮ‬Ա‫ر‬শֺሎ೯ऱ壄᧮Δࠀ࿨‫ٽ‬խഏْཎᥞ ऱኔᎾणउ໌‫ْم‬᎒‫؍ر‬Ζ‫ڼڇ‬ലԲृࠀ٨ֺለΰ। 2Κ‫ر‬ শֺፖْ᎒‫ֺ؍ر‬ለ।α‫ױ‬൓व࢖‫ڼ‬ઌ‫ۿ‬ፖઌࡅᚨհ๠Ζ. 86. Jonathan N. Lipman, Familiar Strangers. p.208.. 321.

(26) । 2Κ‫ر‬শֺፖْ᎒‫ֺ؍ر‬ለ।. 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ‫ڱࡲمګ‬ ෣֏ᗪཎࣥषᄎ ໌‫ृم‬৸უહན ᘋದ‫چ‬೴ ਙᦞอएृΰছཚα ਙᦞอएृΰ৵ཚα ֭਍ृ ᐙ᥼. ࠠ᧯္‫ޣ‬. ‫ر‬শֺ ᎁ‫׌‬ᗑԫ ֘չᆺΕ֘ᤕॺ ߔ‫ߺۍ‬ඒऄᖂ੔ ‫ޥ‬௻‫چ‬ዧ‫چݳ‬೴ ჋ቹ೷Ւۘࠡ ཷ‫ا‬ၲࡨ ฯᐚ୮ග ‫ܗ‬ฯᐚ୮ග࠷൓ਙᦞΔ ৬‫׆م‬ഏ ඈೈฆᤜ. ْ᎒‫؍ر‬ ᖇᆖ۩ඒΕᙅᆖ଀ঋ ֘॰৚Ε֘௑ࢍֵ ‫ק‬᪾॰৚᠏ۖಳᙟ‫ر‬শֺ৸უ ‫ز‬࿸ઊᜯ୙‫چ‬೴ΰࣾ‫ڠ‬α 堚ཛ ‫اཷת‬ၲࡨ ۫‫್ק‬୮૨Ꮊ ஠૨ᎺհԺឩՕᜢႨΔທ‫ګ‬Ա ᣤૹऱषᄎኙ‫م‬ ഛ塄ॳỞΔ‫چٺٻ‬ႚඒ. ‫ڂ‬ཛ᠀ۖ‫ٻ‬؆ႚᙁ. ‫ګ‬੡෼վխഏْཎᥞ‫ੌ׌‬. ֘ኙ‫ط‬٣वࢨᆣԳ‫ז‬ᡷ. ࣠ႼԼයΚ լፋฒ٥‫ٵ‬ആπ‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρ Δ‫്׌‬ ԫԳആΔՕ୮ஐᦫ. ᆃַኙ‫ृڽ‬ીრ. ֘ኙፋ៖ֲၲࡨழऱᢥ ᆣ. ᥧຂኙᆣԳΕᆣችശਈ. ೏ᜢᨬᆣ լ‫ڍ‬೚ψຟরωΰ˯ΎϋΩ - Du’Ɨ’Δ ઙᡷα լཛਈ਑‫ק‬ լፋฒആψಘ‫ػ‬ωΰΔΑϮΗ TawbahΔᣭ஗α Δᣭ஗ਢଡԳऱ ࠃ լધ࢚ՋԳऱֲ՗ լ‫ײش‬ᥞᆖ᠏ψ၄༼ળω ΰ˯΍Ϊϓ FidƗ’ΔᦱᆞᏚ‫ڤ‬α ᙅ‫פࡎ֚ښ‬ᓰΔլൎᓳ೫‫פ‬ ኙඒයΕඒཱིආ១໢࣐۩଺ঞ ዿ೷ߺΰϞϤϋ - ‘AmalΔࡲඒ‫פ‬ ᓰα૞۞աიΔᓮܑԳ‫ז‬იլ ۩. ْ᎒‫؍ر‬ඒය១ࣔΔ٦‫ף‬Ղ࠹ࠩࡴֱΰ૨ᎺαऱૹီΔ ൎᓳඒߛΕ෼‫֏ז‬Δፖ॰৚༓२壀ᇩඒ‫׌‬ऱႃխᏆᖄ‫ݙ‬٤ઌ ֘Δ‫֧ܮ‬Ա๺‫଺ڍ‬᥆࣍௑ࢍֵ‫ࡺ׊‬۰‫ؑৄڇ‬խऱᗪཎࣥ‫֗א‬ 322.

(27) वᢝ։՗Ζ87መ‫ْװ‬᎒‫ٺ؍ر‬堚ట‫ڝ‬հၴ‫ڇژ‬Լ։‫ࠫڶ‬৫ऱ ຑ࿨Δ‫ֱچ‬Ղ່ࠠ๵ᑓऱ堚ట‫ڝ‬੡ψ௧Ԭΰ˷ϲΣʳ ˀʳhaiiα‫ڝ‬ωΙ Δ෼վឈྥբ ՛๵ᑓऱጠ੡ψ᠙຾ΰΔόϣϮλʳ ˀʳ̆˴̈̀˴ϖ˴˻α‫ڝ‬ω 中阿文庫. լ٦‫ڶ‬ຑ࿨ፖជ᥆ᣂএΔ‫܀‬ᜯ୙ऱْ᎒‫ڝٺ؍ر‬ս࢖‫ڼ‬ᜤ ᢀΔቝਢၲសᆏࢬ‫ْڶ‬᎒‫؍ر‬ႃ᧯ψ‫נ‬౶૳ωऱ੒೯Δ༉ਢ ‫ڝٺطڣޢ‬ሒ‫ګ‬٥ᢝΔᙇ‫ݔ‬ᐈᐖऱࣾ՟‫چ‬Δႃխᐜఴၲស. 28. ᆏΔࠀ‫׊‬ᔚੌ‫׌‬ᙄΖၲស೗ཚඒᘣञઌᓮॳỞࠩ୮խ‫ش‬塊Δ ‫܀‬լቝ௑ࢍֵऱॳỞࠩࢌ‫ش‬塊ࠀ੡ᇠࢌആᆖΔْ᎒‫؍ر‬ኙඒ ៭Գ୉‫ڶ‬ψആԱլ‫پ‬Δ‫پ‬Ալആωऱ๵ࡳΔრ৸ਢլ౨੡‫گ‬ ᆖ៖ۖആᆖΔլ౨‫א‬π‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρࣿ‫ټ‬຤ᥩΔᛜ‫س‬ᘩ‫ܓ‬Ζ88࿝ ृ‫ڇ‬ᜯ୙ሖࠩᑇ‫ۯ‬ൕࠃඒߛՠ‫܂‬ऱْ᎒‫؍ر‬ඒՀΔ‫ץ‬ਔ‫ا‬ග Օᖂඒ඄ፖؔࠝႼඒஃΕႼ९ΔՈ൷ᤛࠩᆖᛜٞᄐृፖ୮அ ‫׌‬ഡΖ‫ה‬ଚ᠃‫ښ‬ඒ॰Εសਈլ౒Ε壄壀堷የΔࠀ‫׊‬Լ։ࣹૹ Հԫ‫ז‬ऱඒߛΔ‫ڂ‬ᙅ‫ښ‬ψ࣠ႼԼයωΔՕ‫ڍ‬౨‫א‬ᑑᄷऱॳࢮ ‫܄‬፿፽ᦰπ‫ײ‬ᥞᆖρ Ζ. 5. ᝛ဒॺળᘋದ֗ᅝ‫ז‬խഏ۫‫ק‬ᗪཎࣥࡲ੔‫ڍ‬ց෼ွ ್ᆄ壂໌‫ْم‬᎒‫؍ر‬Δലբ‫֏چڇ‬ऱխഏْཎᥞඒ‫ْٻ‬ ཎᥞு֨ࢮ‫ވ‬Ζ‫֘ה‬ኙᤕॺ‫ْॺהࠡ֗א‬ཎᥞ଺ඒ‫ڱ‬ऱ‫ైڂ‬ ௦਩ْཎᥞΔਚۖࢴ࿪ᖂ฾ፖᦰᐊխ֮Ιᆃַᗪཎࣥᖂ࿙ᖂ ฾խ֮Δഒ਍൷࠹ॳࢮ‫ंࢨ֮܄‬ཎ֮ඒߛΖ‫֘ה‬ኙᤕॺऱᆣ ችശਈፖધ࢚‫۔‬Գ୮ऱผस੒೯Δࠌ൓॰৚ሐഘऱ‫گ‬ԵՕ ྇Ι‫ה‬৬ᤜᗪཎࣥ۞ա፽ᆖΔՈଷኆԱࡲඒԳ୉‫ࡲڇ‬ඒધ࢚ ֲࢨ੡ધ࢚ՋԳऱ໱‫ٽ‬፽ᆖ‫א‬ᛧ൓ψᩅ၀ωΰࡲඒநᢤαऱ 87 Dru C. Gladney, “The Salafiyya Movement in Northwest China: Islamic Fundamentalism among the Muslim Chinese?” p.129. 88 ঠፂᙤΔ πխഏ‫ڃ‬ගْཎᥞࡲඒࠫ৫ρΔ ΰᎬ՟Κኑ୙Գ‫נا‬ठषΔ1999 ‫ڣ‬αΔ଄ 369Ζ. 323.

(28) ᖲᄎΖْ᎒‫؍ر‬ψᙅᆖ଀ঋω֘ኙ॰৚ፖ௑ࢍֵऱࠠ᧯‫܂‬੡Δ ᔡࠩ॰৚֗௑ࢍֵऱ֘ኙፖ֘ტΔْۖ᎒‫ګ؍ر‬੡॰৚֗௑ ࢍֵ٥‫ٵ‬ᑅԳऱ࿨࣠Δࠌ൓৵Բृ֘ۖ෉֏መ࢓ऱռီΔࠀ 第三、四屆中東與伊斯蘭研討會論文集. ‫ڇ׊‬ψᄅඒωऱֺኙհՀΔ٥‫ګٵ‬੡ᅝՀ៱‫ڶ‬ऱᑪੌΔሑ٥ ࠆψ‫۔‬ඒωऱ‫ټ‬ጠΖ ْ᎒‫್ڇ؍ر‬୮૨Ꮊ֭਍Հ߰ຒឩ୶Δ‫ٵ‬ழՈ‫ٵא‬ᑌऱ ຒ৫‫ڇ‬խഏ۫‫ק‬ၞ۩ْཎᥞ‫֏چڇ‬ऱଥ‫إ‬Δፖॳࢮ‫܄‬խՒዄ ْཎᥞு֨ऱ‫ر‬শֺඒᆠດዬ‫஁ࢬڶ‬ฆΔ࣍ਢ‫נ‬෼Ա‫׼‬ԫै ଥ‫إ‬ऱଅᑪΖ࣠Ⴜশཕូట৵Կ‫ڣ‬ΰ1937αΔْ᎒‫؍ر‬։ါ ੡Բ੔Δԫ੔‫א‬᪶ᤕଡ89শཕ੡ଈΔኙ್࣠Ⴜऱࡲ‫۩࡚ڱ‬լ ྕΔ๯ጠ੡ψᤕ੔ω Ι‫׼‬ԫ੔‫א‬᪶‫ػ‬᪾ΰ್൓ᣪαॳỞ੡ଈΔ ‫್࣠଀ޏ‬Ⴜऱࡲ‫ڱ‬Δ۞ጠ੡ψ᝛ဒॺળωΔ๯ጠ੡ψ‫ػ‬੔ω ࢨਢψԿࣉωΔࠉᖕψᄅѧ៱ω֡ᑑΔԾ‫ڶ‬ψᄅᘋඒωΕψኛ ᄅඒωፖψኛኛᄅඒωհጠΖ᝛ဒॺળ੡Աધ࢚٣वᗪߔᚈ ᐚ֗ࠡ‫ݬ‬՗ፖ٦ႚ‫ݬ‬՗٥ૠԿ‫ז‬Δ‫ڇ‬៖ਈழ‫א‬Կ‫֫ࣉڻ‬Ե ਈΔۖ‫ڶ‬ψԿࣉωհጠΔ‫܀‬ਢ෼վψԿࣉωঞਢ।‫ق‬ኙ᝛ဒ ॺળ᎘ᓎऱጠࡅ90Ζ ್൓ᣪ࣍ 1936 ‫ڣ‬ཛ᠀ழ۞‫ޥ‬௻‫چ‬᥋‫ڃ‬ᄅᖂ੔ऱᆖࠢΔ ᖕ‫ْܒޅڼ‬᎒‫؍ر‬ऱࡲඒ‫଀ޏ‬؈ඓΔ‫܀‬ਢᅝழْ᎒‫إ؍ر‬ଖ ૨Ꮊ್‫॑ޡ‬ऱঅᥨհՀΔ᝛ဒॺળ‫ۖڂ‬๯৙‫ܒ‬੡ψߵඒω ΰheterodoxα‫֗א‬ψ؆ሐωΰforeign teachingα Δ91ऴࠩ 1949 ‫ڣ‬խ٥৬ਙΔթ‫א‬Զܽऱᄅ‫ڝ׆‬੡‫ߩم‬រၲࡨֆၲႚᐾ‫ػ‬ ੔Δ‫ڣڻ‬Զܽជ᥆ْ᎒‫؍ر‬ऱ 12 ஆ堚ట‫ڝ‬ᅝխ༉‫ ڶ‬7 ஆ֭. 324. 89 ‫ڇ‬խഏ۫‫چק‬೴ऱՑ፿խΔψ᪶ω‫ז‬।ψ՛ωऱრ৸Ζխഏᗪཎࣥൄലॳࢮ‫֮܄‬ऱᆖ‫ټ‬ΰ‫ܛ‬ ඒ‫ټ‬α‫ش‬խ֮ଃ᤟‫ܧ‬෼Δ᪶ᤕଡশཕհψᤕଡωංྒྷএॳ֮ϕΩΎλ – sƗdiq ऱଃ᤟Ζ 90 ᝛ဒॺળਢ່ඡ‫נ‬෼ऱխഏᗪཎࣥࡲ੔Δ‫ֲޢࠡڂ‬ն྾ਈԵਈழࣉ֫Կ‫ڻ‬ऱ؆ຝ௽ᐛፖࠡ‫ה‬ ᗪཎࣥઃࣉ֫ԫ‫ڻ‬೴ሶࣔ᧩Δᜯ୙‫چ‬೴‫הࠡ֗א‬խഏ۫‫چק‬೴ऱᗪཎࣥΔ࢓࢓‫׽‬वሐ࢖࿛ψԿ ࣉωऱ௽ᐛΔጠ‫ה‬ଚ੡ψԿࣉωΔথ‫ݙ‬٤լԱᇞԿࣉऱᒴ‫ط‬Δ੷۟լᢝ᝛ဒॺળऱ‫ټ‬ጠΔۖ᝛ ဒॺળऱॾฒ࿪լ‫ڼش‬ጠᘯ‫܂‬੡۞ጠΖ 91 Dru C. Gladney, “The Salafiyya Movement in Northwest China: Islamic Fundamentalism among the Muslim Chinese?”,p.133..

(29) ਍‫ػ‬੔Δࠟ੔հၴൕञኆ堚ట‫ڝ‬ऱႨԺၲࡨឫᣮլٖΖ92ॣ ཚ᝛ဒॺળඒՀऱઠထᑓُ‫ޥ‬௻‫چ‬ᑓ‫ڤ‬Δᙰᚮ௑՗ᙰդΔ፝ Ꮨॊ९ᕓΔੌየᆫᣒᧃΔߨ‫ڇ‬ᜯ୙ဩᙰԼ։ᙌ‫ؾ‬Δ੷۟‫ڼڂ‬ 中阿文庫. ֧ದፖْ᎒‫؍ر‬੔ऱᅝဩᓢડΖ93෼վ‫ה‬ଚբլ٦೚ຍᑌऱ ᇘ‫ފ‬Δࡉْ᎒‫؍ر‬੔ऴ൷૿ኙ૿ऱᓢડՈլ٦‫נ‬෼Ζ ۟‫ڼ‬Δᜯ୙‫چ‬೴ऱᗪཎࣥ‫ܧ‬෼Ա‫ץ‬ਔψ௑ࢍֵω Ε ψْ᎒. 28. ‫؍ر‬ω Ε ψ᝛ဒॺળω Ε‫֗א‬։᥆լ‫ٵ‬ᤕॺඒቸऱ‫ٺ‬ଡψ॰৚ω Δ ᅝ‫چ‬Գലຍᑌऱ‫ڍ‬ցᑌᎎ࠷Աԫଡ‫ڶ‬ᔊऱ‫ڗټ‬ѧѧ؄ሐ လΔຍ؄ጟࡲ੔‫ګݮ‬ழ‫ݧ‬Εॾฒࠐᄭፖञጤ‫אױ‬ቹ।‫אף‬᠖ 堚ΰቹ 2Κᜯ୙‫چ‬೴ْཎᥞඒ؄ࡲ੔‫ګݮ‬ழ‫ݧ‬ፖञጤቹα Ζ‫׼‬ ؆ 20 ‫׈‬ધॣࡸ‫ڶ‬ᠧ༷ΰhybridαխഏْཎᥞΕᕢ୮‫ୃ֗א‬᎒ ‫ݴ‬ળऱψ۫ሐഘω‫زڇ‬࿸‫ز‬ত៲ග۞ए೴ऱᜯᑧ๻‫م‬Δۖ৵ ٦‫ٻ‬ᜯ୙࿇୶Δ‫ڇ࣍ط‬ᜯ୙ऱඒᘣԳᑇլ‫ڍ‬94ΔࡲඒኔᔌՂ ፖ௑ࢍֵᔾ२Δ‫آ‬๯ီ੡໢ᗑऱԫሐΖຍψ؄ሐလω‫۞ٺ‬ᖑ ‫ڶ‬ฒ‫ڍ‬ඒՀΔ‫ْڇ‬ཎᥞψᎁ‫׌‬ᗑԫωऱඒᆠ᧯ߓհՀΔᅝ‫چ‬ ᗪཎࣥऱࡲඒፖषᄎ‫س‬੒‫ܧ‬෼‫ڍנ‬ցऱᑌᎎΖ ʳ. 92. ್ຏΔπ‫׾‬ฃρΔ଄ 107Ζ Dru C. Gladney, “The Salafiyya Movement in Northwest China: Islamic Fundamentalism among the Muslim Chinese?”,p.103. 94 ۫ሐഘ‫ؾ‬ছ‫ڇ‬ᜯ୙ऱඒᘣ‫ ڶ‬200 ‫֪ڍ‬Δ‫ץ‬ਔ‫؀‬՗ဩ堚ట‫ڝ‬ऱ 180 ֪Ιত‫ݣ‬堚ట‫ڝ‬ऱ 24 ֪Ι ‫֗א‬؆‫ڼࠐچ‬ऱ 30 塒֪Ζ2007 ‫ࢍڣڣ‬Δ۫ሐഘ‫ڇ‬ᜯ୙ؑᘋ৬Ա຾໱堚ట‫ڝ‬Ζ 93. 325.