德國政黨審議制度之研究-兼論我國之政黨審議

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(9) ~~!/ll(lt;;~. illRt-~. I:i:li1m~Ztl- .... w:: 0. §IE',[. Gesetz der Oligarchie/iron rule of oligarchy ) ~~~ ~~~lIIt ~ ~im.!ti~~ifi3U!l~~~. ~ 1$l~..~it~~*5 ~ ~.. ~tt§.~€[fg[{p"!~~if~l1: ~ .~~~-$l.~~~~~.f:V~.*«-Nfit. ~ ~~~~.~~-:a~ 1 ~~~:l;I:1*,~~~~~~~~~ .. t4.~_~*~ ~ *."~Im.~l1:*, ~~~ ~ .'-''''''''''''""'. J~~~~~o©~~~~~_Im~~$~*{p..!r~.:l;I:1J 1.~~~~~~rnEm!!!~~~~tg[.-N. :mnr ~ fE*~~{lm~~l1:~$!l!W~~.m:r-H1t1 .~ tg[~ ~ ~~~~~'i~m!!!. ~~~~~r~. ~.ofE • • ~~-$l&~-:a~_Im~.~~-N~~~~~~it~lIIt*~Im~-N.~(~m*, • • ,~~~~*Im)~~~ 0. \ ,. ~~-t4~~.~<,W~~~~~. ~\ ,. '$$~~~~~{~~*~,~ ~~. lm(l1!i'H1*~~~l1mf-~~~.~~. 0. I ~4H:~fE11\rr ~ ~$~3!!!!~fl1:::11m~~~1!.*~<1.tI:l;I:1::1ti ~ <4~~~$~:l;I:1jm,(~~:j$~.-NIll!iKm!t1~~. ~$~~m!!!l1!i~~~~~~~m~~~~~~.~~~~~~~·~.!ti~l~Im~*.~~lm(~~~~$~~~~~~~ ~~l1!i'H1~. ~~~fE.~~~m!!!~.*m~~~$~~~~$!l!~~~rn~~~~~.K-N~~o. ~~.~~~.!ti~~~~~~~lm(~$ol$l~~$*~m!!!I~m~~lIIt~tg[~~.~~~~~~~~~~~~:l;I:1~~~. _1m. 0. 0. 0. o.w<lllrr-N ~ ~~~~sr<~. ~ ~~~:l;I:1~~~$:l;I:1~-N1t*" lm(:/it*,~~~~Im~ I ~ ~ _1m~.\n2{P..!~~.:l;I:1~ ~ ~~~f$ r ~.m::~.:l;I:1 J ( Bundeswahlgesetz) r ~.m::~$:l;I:1 J ~~!fF!~ r ~*:l;I:1 J ~ 111+<~~ I ~ ( ~.m::8\HII~'I!H:5.~4fl~$IilJ1 ' 1mIl:W:5 ,..m:r-m ,. ~$' , ~~-N ~.M!l:l-:l3-l ) -N~:W: ~ ~~~~~11]:lil~ ( ~ 1 r ~.m::~$:l;I:1 J ) -N~~fE;ue{P..! 1 ~J.l:lll]ltl--tJ~P-:l~;ue{P..! r ~.m::~.:l;I:1 J ~~~:jmIlm1Im.~.~ JgI_~m!!!~m~ 1 ~gr~ltl-K~+J.l:lm*{p"!~~.:l;I:1~~eJ o©~~~ ~~ 1 ~J.l:ll1ltl-lg~~+11~'. Robert. Michels, Zur Soziologie des Parteiwesens in der Modemen Demokratie: Untersuchungen ueber die Oligarchischen Tendenzen des Gruppen. ~. ~. ~. Bundesgesetzblatt, p. 21.. lebens, (Stuttgart: Kroener), 1970, Ibid,. S, Verba/No H. Nie/J, Kim, Participation and Political Equality, (Cambridge: UP), 1978, p. 4.. TI ____. .l __. L_. , " " " - " - . , _ " ............ ''--01_ ... d",. •. 0. 1 ~J.8111ltl-lg~Im.~~H:1~. ~ ~~m!!! I ~J.l:l1(ltl-~~~~~.l@!(K~~~+<~H:1~ ~ ~~m::~~1" i;!;i;lt!~~gr+ltl-$!l!-H- ~ ~\::l..,I~IH!l;jg::~h\:S._-1JO?( lIS1'rA.ml, :III!1I'JJP.

(10) II"". 10...-.. _______. -t11:t\..":Y ~. -.------- ~. lebens, (Stuttgart: Kroener), 1970.. ............. ""-. Bundesgesetzblatt, p. 21. -. 0. Ibid.. ~ S. Verba/No H. NiejJ. Kim, Participation and Political Equality, (Cambridge: UP), 1978, p. 4.. ~ ~. wi. 0. . 0. ~~~mW~i!!r*.~~-< O.-N~~ ~ ~~. ,:g:~~~~~~-lla$1 ~ ~1:::ll§:*<~~~~.i!5:1~. ~ ~~W~~~<..j-lla.1..j. 0. 1 ~H:lll]1:!t-l~~lIi.~~P.:i;$. ~ :!t~mW 1~H:l1(~l:H~~~~~~,:g:~~1lm1l-K~P.:i$1 ~ ¢:::~m:::~<zf' 4#~$1~g[+1:!t-~-H- ~ ~ft.t$'Im1~~~.i!5:1 ( ~.J.t-.~ '~Bundestag ) i1t.1lm1l~~.\i2*iZIH-~t< 1 ~H:l,J(1:!t-H:l~-tJtn~.\mi~~ 1~~~.-m ~ .-K:!t.taJmW.\i2.::a:~~~~~~~ti ~ ~-H-~~~1:::l{ne~~ r ~~ ( iiI~) ~I1lll(. J (Wahlkreiskommission) "~~~.4#~~~~llH!\--N~1tTII~W" !$!1nI!~~lM: 11 Jm~~Jm~~-NllC~ "~1:::l r ~~~ .~I1lll(. J (Bundeswahlausschuss) "~~~1:::l~~~Jm~iiE~~ J.t-~~s~~lIi~.!~HI!!!;-N~~$'HII( .. .... ~II~Une~~ r ~~~I1lll(. J ~-EH~~~~~~ ~ r ~~~.-m J -H-~t<~{W ( ~ 111~lM: 1 ~~) ~ -EH~~~:ji\tt~~~ ( 0. statistisches bundesamt) ,,~~t.t:~-m~ 1 ~-m{[!Jl ,. ~nR~H:l~~I1lll(=A~~-N ,:g:~~1:::l$1+H:l~~,:g: ~ €~~,:g:~~!$!.::a:~-lla. 11]~. (. Ml~.1..j~~m~11+H:l~-N.1..jJ.t-~) .~. o~~~~J.t-~• • ~~i!!r~r~~~~~I1lll(.J~~ • • M~~~1lm1l~H~. ~) ~z.t:~~~~ .~. ~~~~*-N~~1lm1l~H. (. 1 ~~-< o.m.::a:~~~~~-<.r-f-:W~111+ 1 .. ~) ~~~~~.~rrJ~~-m.~1II1l~4a~~:$l~lIi-< O~.-N:Bi$ .~. ( ..c) ~. (. (~)~~~-N~~rrJ~~~~.~l~~~~-N~~i!!r. ~ ~(. ,. ~.). ~-N~~H~~~. 0. 0. ( ~)~(~"~.)~~~-N~~~~~o §~lIi~~~~.~:!E ( Bundeswahlorgane ) ~~~~~.~~'m:;-< ( Bundeswahlleiter ) ~~.~~~~~ r ~~~ .~I1lll(. J ~ ~J.t-~~~~~$i!~~-N~~~.~.-< ( Landeswahlleiter ) mKr ~~.~I1lll(.J ( Landeswahlausschuss r ~~~.~.-< J mK r ~~~.~mm:. J -N~~mK• • ~ ~~t< rrJ~~~~s~ ). ~~<..j~. ~~~4#~.-N~~ ~ ~~.~~.~~. E1IfR. J ~M~ 1 ~1(H:l1:!t-g[~~.~~ ( SPD .. ~~~ "CDU .. ~~~ ,. CSU .. ~~_ ,. FDP .. .[[I. r ~~<..j~ J (Wahlkampf- Abkommen) .• ~111II-N ~. ~*.1..j~~~r~~~.-mJ~*~~.~~.~~~~~~~*~ti~~~~~~*mW~~I~-m~-N~~~:!t~mW. o@. r. ~.-N~i1t.i#~~~~~~ ~M~.t:~1m ~~~.~. ~. •••~~~m~-~~~~~~•••. ~ K.H. Seifert, op. cit., p. 382f.. ~~~.

(11) 0. ~~~$~. ~~~. ~~~. ~~~~~~. r. 0. g[1(. ••. !1l:HlI{) :&i.JllI$'I3t:!~. ~ @:\nI(-B~~l!!l&~~~<4*-:&i~.~\?!lH\1~~ ~ ~~~{uHI~]e~.~m::.~~. .L! ~ .!II~111+l:!t *:&i~~l!Im!l!W;~.-a-~ r ~~<4~J ~~~111~iE.\~( I ~1(J.I:j, 1 ~1(~ ~ I ~<Ol:!t-) o:\nl(~~ I ~-\-l11l:!t-1Bl~~4<. ( ~LlE.tllK~LlE.) *~tllK~.IE*~ ~ I ~-\-l1(l:!t-lBI~LlE ~~~.~~~LlE• •-4rr~ilE~<4~~ ( -P<.nmll(m::) ~ IE~~ ~Htf-. ,@ I ~< 111l:!t-~LlE.~~~LlE.~-B:&i~~IH~~~11E*~ ,@ 1 ~< -\-ll:!t-~LlE.l@(~.JllILlE.~~N r <41::1-$tHl~ J ( fairness ) K~IE~lii! ~ @'UttllJ~~ ~ {.ilrrJ~:t\crr~~!II~tlE1l1\il~~mI ~ ilH::'I~.:&i<41::1-_M~ ~ ~J!~~• • •:!ij$ll!l~lBI ~NI. ~~~~~~!II~.*~:&i~\!!Jl!l~ r ~~<4~ J:t\~ ~ {uHI1i?~*~~~~~$". 0. ,. .~R.~~3t:!N.~fi;f1!lg~ ~ ~~~EEE{Q-j-a- ( ~~t.f.~m-) ~~.t;::~.-P<. ;:;~tllK~.:&i~.i!!.4;ti!lir.-a-~~.~N~ • . .. ~~<4*-~~ , ~]e~~~. ~ ©~~"~.iit~:\llBl\~• • ~~*.~-tP<-B~* ~ ~{)!1~.. N~.~t~H7N.~.ijtI~. ~mlN~~. -a-«~~4;ti~~l1i:l1+H<~J,!lH~-p<~ml~~ ( 1:::11!1g~rrf!). ~. ~ Konrad. Zweiger, "Das Wahlkampfabkommen und seine Schiedsstelle. Einige Gedanken und Erfahrungen,'" Die Moderne Demokratie und ihr Re cht, Band 2, 1966, pp. 367~374. ~ Hartmut. Klatt, "Wahlkampffuehrung und Wahlkostenbegrenzung. Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen des Wahlkampfabkommens 1980,"in Zeitschrift fuer Parlamentsfragen, No. 1/1881, pp. 21 ~34. Datenhandbuch zur Geschichte des Deutschen Bundestages 1980 bis 1987, (Baden-Baden: Nomos), 1988, p. 118.. ~. r ~.<~~ J B:;iji!~.:I!.!:!et:-N~.!!l\i.\!Ifl". ~J...j. ~J...j. 1 ~1(~llt_. ~OOWIllff~. IilKOO.IIiI't~. 5[OOO.IIiI't~. 1~<Ollt_. -----. I IlgrO.IIiI't~. ~J...j. 1 ~1(}l:jllt_ ~~t(. 5[OO.IIiI't~. <OO.Ili!?~. ~. I. -----. I}l:jOO.IIiI't~. ~:;I:;:!.. Ji.1!:J...j. r. llROO.Ili!?~. I. -!l!l~t(. I- :;I:;:!tilH(. !i!-!;:). :j@ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, June 24, 1986, p. 1; August 16, 1986, p. 1.. .. Ill!.

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