分布及植物棲所：分布全世界，寄主主要為石蒜科之蔥、洋蔥、蒜、韭菜等。
傳播之病毒為鳶尾花黃斑病毒 (Iris yellow spot virus, IYSV)、番茄斑萎凋病毒 (Tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV)、番茄黃輪病毒 (Tomato yellow fruit ring virus,
黃薊馬，自卵發育為成蟲所需日數依序分別為 43.5、22.7、13.5 及 8.9 日，溫度 愈高發育速率愈快，雌成蟲壽命依序為 71.3、63.5、29.7 及 13.4 日，溫度愈高 壽命愈短；產卵數依序為 7.0、18.1、34.5 及 15.6 粒，在 25 ℃ 產卵最多。由發 育日數及產卵數量高低，推估南黃薊馬適合生活的溫度條件約 25 ℃ 左右，在此 溫度下因發育迅速且繁殖量大，該寄主在此環境條件或季節時容易大發生。故了 解探討薊馬的生活習性，有助於掌握防治時機及研擬適當有效的防治策略。
除南黃薊馬，尖角薊馬及梳缺花薊馬在台灣因較不具經濟重要性，相關資料 闕如，其餘在台灣傳播病毒之薊馬之生態習性相似。台灣花薊馬、小黃薊馬、蔥 薊馬等，在不同溫度及寄主之發育所需日數、成蟲壽命及產卵數等，於「台灣薊 馬生態與種類」一書有整理列表摘要可資參考 (王及徐, 2002)，不再贅述。
薊馬之防治
薊馬體形細小，喜歡隱匿聚於心芽、嫩葉、花朵處取食，由於肉眼不易察覺，
因而錯失防治時機，造成農作物的損害。此外薊馬產卵於葉肉組織內，受到良好 的保護，大部分的蛹於樹皮隙縫、土中休眠鮮少取食，也是造成防治困難的原因。
本文所討論的台灣花薊馬、小黃薊馬、南黃薊馬及蔥薊馬等，在台灣分布廣，為 害多種經濟作物，過去一、二十年來，常因氣候環境、作物種類及栽培管理技術 之改變等因素，導致防治失敗，加上傳播病毒的問題，使薊馬的防治更複雜化。
植物一旦感染病毒無法治療恢復健康，因此，在病害管理策略著重保護或降低病 毒病害在作物發病的程度，移除或避免感染源的存在，以及減少病毒媒介昆蟲族 群。
減少病毒病害首要之務為栽植健康無毒之種苗，番茄斑萎凋病毒可以藉由已 感染的植物種苗傳入栽培地，因此培育種苗時應保持無雜草並與生產區有所隔 離，同時按常規防治傳毒薊馬。當作物定植於田間後應注意田間衛生，應儘快拔 除已感染病毒的植株，避免薊馬傳播病毒感染鄰近的植株。許多雜草為病毒的寄 主，往往成為提供媒介薊馬病毒的感染源，因此栽植作物之前應清除雜草，可避
少傳播病毒，為目前在台灣防治傳毒薊馬普遍使用的方法。薊馬對化學藥劑的感 治。如台灣薊馬天敵中，南方小黑花椿象 (Orius strigicollis (Poppius)) 為最具壓 抑薊馬密度之功能，農試所已成功開發其大量繁殖之技術，釋放於田間防治紅豆
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