• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與建議

第三節 建議

本研究希冀透過此研究結果,增進現場幼教老師對幼兒學習配對、遷移或推論等相關類 推能力的理解,減少對幼兒能力的低估以提供真正適合幼兒的鷹架支持,另一方面有感於國 內相關研究之闕如,也期許未來的研究能以本研究為出發,改進既有的缺失並能延伸更具意 義與價值性的研究。以下將分述本研究對現場幼教老師與未來研究之建議。

一、 對現場幼教老師之建議

過去有關幼兒類推能力的研究多集中在於認知心理學的領域,少有現場幼教老師能針對 幼兒的類推能力深入瞭解並進行相關的教學活動。因此研究者除期望能藉由本研究增進現場 老師對幼兒類推能力的理解外,並據以提出以下教學上的具體建議供幼教老師們參酌:

(一)增進幼兒學習類推能力的理解

幼兒的類推表現不僅可視作舊基模與新經驗的連結,也代表他們從已知推論到未知的擴 充,更是幼兒要形成完整知識概念的有效途徑,很多時候即便幼兒可能仍無法覺察到學習的 發生,卻已經展現出類推的技巧,例如幼兒在互動式類比測量中即便沒有意識到自己正在進 行類推,卻往往可以很自然的回答出推理正確的依據。對幼教老師來說,若能多加觀察幼兒 在角落活動或是自由遊戲中的對話,可以發現幼兒不時的可以運用相似的推理模式來幫助自 己建構新的概念;對幼兒來說,如本研究的發現幼兒類推能力與策略的應用也是自然且豐富 多元的。

(二)設計有趣的類比活動讓幼兒樂於參與

藉由研究者與幼兒的互動可發現,幼兒在參與互動式類比測量時是充滿興趣且樂在其中 的,他們會好奇這次的答案以及不同題目之間的差異、比較正確與錯誤類比的選項,甚至在 遊戲結束之後還會央求要再玩一次,尤其當幼兒正確類比並接收到正向的回饋訊息時,更能

激起幼兒想要重複嘗試的挑戰性,可見幼兒相當樂於進行類推能力的學習。應用在一般的教 學情境時,幼教老師可以在語文活動中設計語詞方面的類比遊戲,例如胖的:瘦的=高的:?

以擴充幼兒的詞彙學習;在數學活動中安排涵蓋比較、分類或配對的類比遊戲,以強化幼兒 的推理概念;在藝術與自然活動中也可以鼓勵幼兒運用觀察的技巧,判斷週遭可與操作物相 對應的類比物品等等,如此的活動編排讓幼兒自然的藉由類比來學習,將有益於他們每一次 的經驗擴展與活化。

二、 對未來研究之建議

本研究主要是以互動式類比測量為基礎來重新探究幼兒的類推能力與策略,因此對於任 何涉及相關的類比方面之學習並未全盤瞭解,在此提出後續研究之建議如下:

(一)針對無回饋情境的設計來具體闡述回饋效果

本研究基於若能提供正確解答的回饋將更能增進幼兒的類推表現,因此開發互動式類比 測量工具來探究幼兒在回饋情境之下的類推能力與策略,所得結果雖也呈現出幼兒在後段測 驗中能比起前段測驗有較佳的表現,另一方面卻缺少幼兒在無回饋情境之下的能力比較,是 否幼兒在無回饋的情境之中便無法習得解題目標與關係推論,抑或是幼兒在無回饋中的後段 測驗也能比起前段測驗有較佳的表現,這是後續研究所應考量的研究方向。

(二)針對類比測量工具的設計更臻完善

藉由本研究之互動式類比測量工具的施測結果,可知幼兒的類推表現仍有部分因素受限 於類比題目本身的設計,而幼兒真實的類推能力仍必須借重設計優良的測量工具才得以引 發,因此在後續研究工具的沿用上建議可參酌前文測量工具之設計檢討,針對前後對的組間 類比關連、類比題目中的關係推論、後一對的組內關係連結,以及圖片意象的傳達等面向進 行修改,以使得施測工具更臻完善。

(三)深入探討幼兒類推策略之差異

本研究在幼兒類推策略的應用上,將之歸因於整體類推能力發展程度所造成的差異,並 據以歸納出高階、低階與聯想的三種相異策略,卻對於幼兒是如何產生如此相異的類推策略 未多加著墨,也許日後考量在不同情境之下施測的幼兒,應會有更多值得闡述的相異策略產 生,此外也可針對不同題型的設計(如:時空關係與邏輯關係)區隔幼兒在面臨相異的類比 問題時之類推策略的比較。

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附錄一:幼兒參與類推研究意願調查表 親愛的家長,您好:

我是國立臺中教育大學幼兒教育學系的研究生蔡瑜汶,希望藉由一些簡單且日常生活經 驗中可以接觸到的配對問題設計出一套遊戲化的互動式類比測量工具,來瞭解幼兒的類推理 能力與策略,並促進幼托園所現場教師對於幼兒學習配對、推論等能力的理解。

本研究將採取研究者與您的孩子以一對一互動的方式,利用下午的時間,在幼稚園與他

(她)進行 10~15 分鐘左右的遊戲式測驗與訪談,結束後並贈送一份紀念品給您的孩子。過 程中研究者將由小朋友後方錄影,以不照到小朋友之正面為原則,目的是想看幼兒解決配對 問題時的反應以及與研究者間的互動。錄影資料僅供研究用,不會對外公開。

為增進此研究結果的價值,我非常需要請您的孩子參與。您的孩子參與不但可以幫助我 們瞭解幼兒的能力發展,更能提昇教師培養幼兒解決問題的能力。相信您的孩子在參與過程 也能獲得愉快的學習經驗。再次誠摯的邀請您的孩子參與,請您填寫參與意願調查表並交回 給孩子的老師。若您對此研究有任何疑問,您可直接與我聯絡。

謝謝您的協助,並祝萬事如意!

指導教授:邱淑惠 博士

研究生:蔡瑜汶 敬上

研究生:蔡瑜汶 敬上

在文檔中 幼兒類推能力與策略之探究 (頁 142-161)