第五章 結論與建議
第三節 未來研究建議
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第三節 未來研究建議
一. 國際企業的發展趨勢
企業在不同階段的發展有不同的階段性任務，中國微電子產業的發展在改革開放 後起飛，在國家政策與大量外資進入的助力之下，快速發展。在硬體的製造方面，逐 漸往先進國家的水準接近。雖然目前的發展仍有待持續的努力，但也有如本研究中的 明確方向，補強技術能力、擴大市場及尋找新興應用產品是其主要的努力方向。但綜 觀現今世界電子業的發展，如 Apple、三星與鴻海等大型電子企業中，創意、技術整 合和規模經濟更是決勝的關鍵。華潤微電子的下一步挑戰，將是往這幾個方面努力，
將中國微電子帶上國際舞台，成為真正的跨國大企業。未來對中國微電子企業的相關 研究，這方面是一個可以關注的方向。
二. 對臺灣企業的展望
近年來，台灣的經濟成長趨緩，電子業也遭遇到強烈的挑戰。產品的生產基地紛 紛移往大陸、DRAM 與面板等重點產業敗退、還有日本的不振，緊接而來，是自多 年以來的中國崛起後隨之而來是現在三星的崛起。電子業的未來必須及早有長遠的打 算。
本研究中，探討的主題是中國大型微電子企業的國際化。雖然在立足點上，台灣 企業與大陸企業因時空轉換而未必相同，但全球化的風潮讓戰場不在只侷限在單一區 域，上下游整合、技術整合和規模經濟是臺灣廠商必須努力的方向。本研究的結果希 望能提供臺灣廠商一點點知己知彼的資訊，同時，也希望未來類似的研究標的能更多 發生在臺灣的企業。
三. 對政府的期許
如前一點所提到的台灣目前電子業面對許多困境。在高端的產品方面，品牌及產 品規格主要掌握在歐美國家，以致於過去台灣的電子產業大多以代工為主。近年來的
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設計能力逐漸成長，但也常在專利上受制於歐美廠商。而在產品製造方面，大陸狹其 低廉的人力土地成本和廣大市場，也吸引台商製造廠紛紛出走大陸。自 2008 年金融 海嘯以來，台灣許多廠商都陷入辛苦的經營。所幸台灣仍有幾家如台積電、鴻海、宏 達電、聯發科等表現優異的企業。
但由本研究可發現，許多大陸企業雖仍在努力中，而且也遭遇到一些問題，但以 其近年來卓越的經濟實力及企圖心，再加上政府自 2000 年以來諸多政策的強力支援 (見表 4-1)，用以全球國際化的佈局，未來的發展是可以預期的。另一個快速成長的 知名企業:韓國三星，目前在幾項主要的電子產業如面板、手機、DRAM、電視、…
等在世界上都擁有極高的市占率，目前更在 28nm 製程直接挑戰台積電，並且也不斷 在國際上進行併購。其集團實力來自於完整的垂直整合，而究其最主要的成功因素，
政府的支持佔有極大的比重。
由以上的兩個主要競爭對手來看，政府的支持與資源投入是很重要的成功因素。
而如何將企業的實力做垂直整合更是重要的課題。過去 DRAM 整合的失敗不能再現，
是否有機會結合台積電、鴻海、宏達電及聯發科等大企業而得到如三星電子般的實力，
的確是刻不容緩的事。
另一件值得注意的趨勢是，中國與韓國在彼此國際化的過程中是否會結合發展。
基於歷史上的因素，日本與韓國和中國都有些許不合的因子存在。而日本在 2011 年 的天災襲擊之後，國力受損。由本研究的結論可知，中國需要技術，而韓國以其現有 的基礎，藉由與中國技術合作得到大陸市場，應該是兩方都有興趣建立的關係。在這 樣的局勢下，同樣位居亞洲的台灣如何發展未來的電子業？如本研究所說明，台灣對 中國具有極佳的心理距離和地理距離，要如何善用之而與大陸發展合作關係，也是一 個未來重要的課題。
電子業過去以來一直是台灣發展的重心，期許政府能正視台灣電子業目前的困境。
為台灣電子業的未來投注更多資源與長遠規劃，以避免電子業逐漸衰退甚至於消失。
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