• 沒有找到結果。

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(二)記錄瀏覽行為的方式

本研究以 log 記錄瀏覽頁面、時間,但未能完全記錄受詴者的瀏覽行為。如 受詴者是否播放影片、是否將影片從頭到尾看完等,均無法由 log 中得知。未來 研究可以錄下受詴者全程的瀏覽行為後,再進行編碼分析,以更確實掌握使用 者行為。

三、 未來研究建議

本研究有部分發現未能以第二章回顧之文獻解釋,測量方法也有未竟之處,

仍待後續研究討論,分述如後:

(一)不同表達模態與超文本大綱使用行為

研究假說一預測影片結合文字內容,受詴者的巨觀命題與情境模式表現優於 文字組,但結果不成立。結果發現,巨觀命題三組間無顯著差異。然而,分析 瀏覽記錄發現,可以發現網頁文字組在大綱的使用頻率(M=0.24, SD=0.10)高 於網頁影片結合文字組(M=0.07, SD=0.07);總瀏覽頁數網頁文字組(M=38.33,

SD=17.07)也高於網頁影片結合文字組(M=18.14, SD=7.57)

。網頁文字組是否 因為較頻繁的使用大綱,因而補足了假說預測應該較差的巨觀命題得分?仍待 未來研究討論。建議後續研究可以加入更多應變項,分析受詴者的迷失程度,

或實驗後訪談受詴者,由質性資料為閱讀行為提供佐證。

(二)增加對照組

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本文討論媒介與表達形式的轉換對超媒體瀏覽、理解行為的影響,文獻探 討指出許多大綱的優點,本實驗設計受限於時間,只設計有大鋼的三組,未來 研究可增加無大綱的對照組,更能精確掌握大鋼對閱讀理解的影響。

(三)微觀命題分析

在理解過程中,讀者會建立三個層次的文本表徵:微命題、巨觀命題、情境 模式(Kintsch, 1998)。本研究只分析巨觀命題與情境模式,未將微命題列入。

過去較少研究討論讀者微命題的理解。徐鳳美(1999)的研究發現網路新聞與 報紙新聞讀者的巨觀命題回憶沒有差異,微觀命題回憶網路優於報紙。未來研 究如加入微命題分析,可以幫助比對不同研究間的結果。

(四)加入更多應變項

Koehler, Yadav, Phillips & Cavazos-Kottke(2005)的研究指出,讀者對影片的記 憶能力並不高於文字,但影片能幫助產生涉入感。Sundar(2000)以新聞網站做為 素材,測詴不同表達模態(文字、影片、圖片、聲音)的組合對整體新聞網站 內容及廣告的記憶,結果發現,多媒體素材放在新聞網站中,反而會因介面太 過複雜而產生分心、認知負荷等負面效果,對認知無正面幫助。然而,使用者 對多媒體新聞網站的偏好及再訪意願皆高於純文字網站。因此,建議未來研究 除探討認知面向的理解外,更可加入不同模態對喜好、涉入程度、學習動機層 面等變項的研究。

本研究結果發現,模態會影響理解與閱讀行為;本研究結合超文本及多媒體 的特性,探究結合多種模態的超文本瀏覽行為與理解,為目前聚焦在個人差異 影響的超文本閱讀理解研究提出新變項,也將多媒體與模態相關研究放入超文 本閱讀過程中,探討人與不同模態、不同架構資訊的互動歷程。

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附錄一:實驗流程圖

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附錄二:實驗說明

您好,感謝您參與本實驗,以下是注意事項與實驗流程:

注意事項:

1. 實驗中請勿使用手機。

2. 實驗採紙筆作答,如果你沒有筆的話請舉手告知。

實驗流程:

1. 在等下的第一個網頁中,你會看到以下的內容:

請先輸入你的學號 ex. 97451007 ,並按下送出按鈕,實驗就正式開始。

註:請務必確認輸入的學號為「半型、數字」

2. 實驗正式開始後,請你瀏覽網頁中的資訊。在瀏覽的時候,請不要做筆記。

3. 瀏覽的網頁內容包含有聲音的影片,請帶上耳機。如果影片的播放控制鈕

妨礙你瀏覽的話,請將游標移開影片即可。

4. 瀏覽時間共 20 分鐘,在瀏覽時間內,你可以自由點選網頁內容;如你已確 定瀏覽完所有內容,不想再繼續閱讀時,請按任何一個頁面右側的瀏覽結 束連結,以結束瀏覽。

5. 在 19 分鐘時,會提醒受詴者還剩下一分鐘的瀏覽時間;20 分鐘時,會提醒 所有受詴者確認是否都按下瀏覽結束的連結。

6. 影片瀏覽時間結束後,請靜候研究者指示。

7. 實驗第二階段為紙筆測驗。在研究者說”開始”後,請翻開題目,並在作答時 間內回答。作答時間無限制,回答完所有問題即可。

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作答時間完畢,實驗即結束,請記得填寫題卷最後的個人資料及作答完畢時間。

全部填寫完畢後,請舉手告知研究者,我會到座位上收走答案卷。

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附錄三:受詴者答題卷

一、 請您盡可能地寫下剛剛從網頁中所看到的內容,用自己的話來敘述即 可,回答不限字數。

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二、 請你將剛剛看到的所有內容,用一句話做摘要。

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三、 請你將剛剛在網頁中看到的資訊,以概念圖的方式表達出來。

註:概念圖是一個以視覺化方式呈現核心關鍵字及其相關概念間關係的方 式。概念圖可以用來組織資訊,分類、架構想法。

如何建立概念圖?

1. 先在中心寫下主題,並將相關的思想、言論和概念環繞在中心外寫下。

2. 將剛剛寫下的概念,根據它們的意義分類。

3. 你可以將其中的某些概念繼續做樹枝狀的細分,並記下與此概念相關 的其他概念。

4. 將相關的概念間以線條連結 以「維生素」為例:

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情境模式 1-自由回憶:

腦神經科學探討人腦如何影響人的行為如情緒、視覺等。以人的情緒為例,人 的情緒表達普世皆然,由腦部杏仁核接收、並產生相應情緒,送到大腦皮質層解讀後 決定因應的方式。但情緒的對象,如對什麼東西感到噁心(disgusting),則和後天學習 有關。視覺也是腦的運作的後果,腦中含有不同的視覺子系統如臉部辨識、物體辨識 等,不同的子系統間需分工與合作以產生視知覺,腦中的注意力系統會幫助導引我們 選擇看到、忽視哪些資訊。除了外在視野,我們的腦同時也由預期與回憶產生視覺,

因此可能產生錯誤的視覺。

情境模式 2-概念圖:

38. (1~5 分)

38. (1~5 分)

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附錄五:影片/文字命題分類表

 以頁面為單位分類

影片 V 文字 T 命題數 命題編號

1 首頁 T 3 1, 2, 3

2 情緒 T 4 4, 5, 6, 7

3 噁心 V 5 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

4 恐懼 T 6 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18

5 影響情緒的因素 V 3 19, 20, 21

6 視覺與知覺 V 3 22, 23, 24

7 臉部辨識 T 2 25, 26

8 物體辨識 V 1 27

9 注意力 V 2 28, 29

10 忽視 V 5 30, 31, 32, 33, 34

11 視覺與想像 V 3 35, 36, 37

總計 37

文字頁面命題總計 15 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 15,

文字頁面命題總計 15 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 15,

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