第五章 結論與建議
第三節 未來研究方向
(一) 樣本範圍部份
本研究採取問卷調查法進行,由於時間關係,僅針對研究者服務駐地之空軍 基地進行取樣與實施問卷調查,這樣的情形可能造成研究結果受限,無法以宏觀 的角度推論並適用於所有的志願役士官;再者,志願役軍官、士官與士兵其入營 服役動機與追求目標不盡相同,建議後續研究者可針對國軍各階層進行整體研究,
90
除了解員工幸福感的狀況外,更可比較地理位置、軍種特性及階層對員工幸福感 的影響與差異,進而提供相關單位或研究者參考。
(二) 研究構面部份
本研究探討的員工幸福感,是由研究者依據研究目的,參考文獻後自行歸納 得出生理健康、心理健康、生活滿意與工作滿意等構面,但是幸福感的定義及構 面甚多,對於可能影響個人對幸福感認知的其他因素,如人格特質或社會支持等,
則不在本研究之範圍之內,建議後續研究者,研究上可再思索更多可影響幸福感 的變項,及加入其他背景及工作相關的中介變項,以建構出更完備的研究模型。
91
參考文獻
(一)中文部分:
1.圖書
李金泉(2010)。易學易用 SPSS PASW 統計分析實務。臺北市:全華。
江麗美(譯)(2003)。企業文化獲利報告:什麼樣的企業文化最有競爭力(原作著:
David H. Maister)。臺北市:經濟新潮社。(原著出版年:2001)
施建彬、陸洛等人(譯)(1997)。幸福心理學(原作著:Argyle, M.)。臺北市:
巨流。(原著出版年:1987)
陸洛(譯)(1997)。社會階級心理學(The psychology of socialclass)(原作著:Argyle, Michael)。臺北市:巨流圖書公司。(原著出版年:1976)。
國防部(2011)。中華民國壹百年國防報告書。臺北市:國防部。
2.期刊
蔡坤宏(2000)。組織承諾、工作滿足與離職意圖的關係:Meta 分析。中華管理評 論,3(4),33-49。
陸洛(1998)。中國人幸福感之內涵、測量及相關因素探討。國家科學委員會研究 彙刊:人文與社會科學,8(1),115-137。
陸洛、陳豔青、許嘉和、李季樺、吳紅鑾、施建彬(1995)。「職業壓力指標之探 討-以台灣國營企業員工為例」。勞工安全衛生研究所研究季刊。3( 2),42-72。
楊國樞(1990)。生活素質的心理學觀,中華心理學刊,22,11-24。
黃國隆(1982)。領導方式、工作特性、成就動機、內外控、專斷性與教師工作滿 足之關係。國立政治大學教育與心理研究期刊,5,47-76。
王雁、孫延超、李長江、梁虹、孫宏偉(2005)。醫學生學業成績、人格、心理健 康與其主觀幸福感關係的研究。中國健康心理學雜誌,13(4),247-250。
蕭伶、盧美秀(1996)。臨床護理人員之組織承諾、組織留任與專業留任的相關性 研究。護理研究,4(2),137-150。
3.學報
李元墩、鐘志明、林育理(2000)。台灣企業員工組織承諾衡量模式建構之研究。
成功大學學報,35,133-157。
錢淑芬(2004)。軍事專業價值與軍隊承諾之研究。復興崗學報,82,107-144。
4.專論、雜誌
李貴發(2012 年 5 月 9 日)。專書評論【評漢光 28 號演習及近年來國軍士氣與戰備 問題】。尖端科技軍事雜誌社,334,8-11。
鍾堅(2002)。專書評論【從國軍文化看空軍再造】。國防政策評論,3(2),250-263。
92
93
94
95
卓以立(2012 年 4 月 5 日)。國防部盼立院優先審議國防組織俾改革推動。軍聞社。
取自:http://mna.gpwb.gov.tw/mnanew/internet/NewsDetail.aspx?GUID=65261 天下雜誌(2012 年 6 月 27 日)。天下幸福指數調查。天下雜誌。取自:
http://topic.cw.com.tw/500/pg40.aspx
國防部(2009 年 3 月 13 日)。中華民國九十八年四年期國防總檢討。國防部。取自:
http://www.mnd.gov.tw/QDR/menu.htm
96
(二)英文部分:
Autry, C. W., & Daugherty, P. J. (2003). Warehouse operations employees: Linking person-organization fit, job satisfaction and coping responses. Journal of Business
Logistics, 24, 171-197.
Anderson, S. E., Coffey, B.S., & Byerly, R.T., (2002). Formal organization alinitiatives and informal workplace practices: links to work-family conflict andjob-related
outcomes. Journal of Management, 28(6), 787-810.
Alasheev, S. L., & Bykov, S. V. (2002). Teachers state of anxiety. Russian Education and Society, 44(12), 62-72.
Aryee, S., & K. Tan, (1992).Antecedents and Outcomes of Career Commitment,
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 40(3), 288-305.
John P. Robinson, Phillip R. Shaver & Frank M. Andrews. (1991). Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes, 61-114, San Diego,. CA: Academic.
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indicators of well-being. New York:
Plenum Press.
Argyle, M. (1987). The psychology of happiness. London Methuen.
Argyle, M., Martin, M.,&Crossland, J. (1989). Happiness as function of personality
and social encounters. Recent advance in social psychology (pp.189-203). Holland:
Elsevier Science.
Argyle, M., & Lu, L.(1990). The happiness of extraverts. Personality and Individual Difference, 11, 1011-1017.
Bartlett, M. S. (1954). A note on multiplying factors for various chi-squared approximations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B. 16, 296-298 Becker, H. S. (1960). Notes on The Concept Commitment. American Journal of
Sociology. (66), 32-42.
Buchanan, B. (1974), Building Organization Commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19, 533-546.
Brickman, P., Coates, D., & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1978). Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,36(8), 917-927.
Bourg, C., & Segal, M. W. (1999). The Impact of Family Supportive Policies and Practices on Organizational Commitment to the Army. Armed Forces & Society, 25
(4),633-652.
Brinkman(2002). Culture and Subjective Well-Being. Journal of Economic Issues.
36(3), 830-834
Bluedorn, A. C. (1982). The theories of turnover: Causes effects and meaning. Research in the Sociology of Organization, 25, 135-153.
Cherkowski, S . L. (2005) . Teacher commitment: Toward a wholeness view. Canada,
97
Univerity of Saskatchewan.
Cropanzano, R., & D. E. Rupp, 2003. The Relationship of Emotional Exhaustion to Work Attitudes, Job Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors. Journal
of Applied Psychology, 88(l),160-169.
Collins, J. (2002). The ultimate creation. In F. Hesselbein, M. Goldsmith, & I.
Somervile (Eds.), Leading for innovation and organizing for results. (pp. 131-139).
San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Clugston, M. (2000).The mediating effects of multidimensional commitment on job satisfaction and intent to leave. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 477-486.
Chen, Z. X., & Francesco, A. M. (2000), Employee demography ,or ganization
commitment, and turnover intentions in China:Do cultural difference matter? Human
Relations, 53(6), 869-887.
Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1975).Beyond Boredom an Anxiety. San Francisco:Josey-Bass.
Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1990).Flow:The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York:
Harper Collins.
Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A First Course in Factor Analysis. NJ: Erlbaum.
Cohen, J.W.(1988).Statistical power Analysis for the Behavioral sciences(2nd edition).
NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Cammann, C., Fichman, M., Jenkins, D., & Klesh, J. (1979).The Michigan
Organizational Assessment Questionnaire. Unpublished Manuscript, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Campbell, A. (1976). Subjective measures of well-being. American Psychologist, 31, 117-124.
Caplan, R. D., & K. W. Jones(1975). Effects of Work Load, Role Ambiguity and Type A Personality on Anxiety, Depression and Heart Rate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(6),713-719.
Costa, P.T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980). Influence of extraversion andneuroticism on subjective well-being: happy and unhappy people. Journal of personality and social
psychology, 38(4), 668-678.
Chiu, C., & Yang, C. F. (1987). Chinese subjects’ dilemmas: Humility and cognitive laziness as problems in using rating scales. Bulletin of the Hong Kong Psychological
Society, 18, 39-50.
Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rogers, W. L. (1976). The quality of American life:
perception, evaluation and satisfaction. New York: Russell Sage.
Danna, K., & Griffin, R. W. (1999). Health and well-being in the workplace: A review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of Management, 25(3), 357-384.
Dalton, D. R., Todor, W. D., & Krackhardt, D. M., (1982).Turnover Overstated: The Functional Taxonomy. Academy of Management Review, 7, 117-123.
98
Diener, E., Sandvik, E., Seidlitz, L., & Diener, M. (1993).The relationship between income and subjective well-being: Relative or absolute? Social Indicators Research, 28, 195-223.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
Diener, E., Emmons, R., Larsen, J., & Griffin, S., (1985). The satisfaction with life scale.
Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
Diener, E., Smith, H., & Fujita, F. (1995).The personality structure of affect.Journal of
personality and social psychology, 69(1), 130-141.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L.(1999). Subjective well-being:
Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-303.
Diener, E.Subjective Well-Being: The Science of Happiness and a Proposal fora National Index, American Psychologist, 55(1) 2000, 34-43.
Dalession, A., Silverman, W. H., & Schuck, J. R. (1986). Paths to Turnover:
ARe-Analysis and Review of Existing Data on the Mobley, Horner, and Hollingsworth Turnover Model. Human Relations, 39(3), 245-264.
Efraty, D., Sirgy, M. J., & Claiborne, C. B. (1991). The effects of personal alienation on organizational identification: A quality-of-work life model. Journal of Business and
Psychology, 6, 57-78.
Etzioni, A. (1961). Modern organizations. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall.
Farrell, D., & Aranya, N. A. (1983), A comparison of two organizational commitment scales. Personnel Psychology, 36, 87-98.
Greenhaus, J. H., Bedian, A. G., & Mossholder, K. W. (1987). Work experiences, job performances, and feelings of personal and family well-being. Journal of Vocational
Behavior, 31, 200-215.
Guralnik, D. B. (1971). The lexicographer as social chronicler. The legacy of language:
Tribute to Charlton Laird. Ed. Philip C. Boardman. Reno, pp53-68.U of Nevada.
Hom, P. W., & Kinichi, A. J., 2001. Toward a Greater Understanding of How Dissatisfaction Drives Employee Turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44,975-981
Hodge, B. J, W. P. Anthony & L. M. Gales.(1996) .Organization Theory:A
StrategicApproach, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
Heady, B., & Wearing, A. (1990). Subjective well-being and coping with adversity.
Social indicators Research, 22, 327-349.
Holahan, C. K. (1988). Relation of life goals at age 70 to activity partivipation and health and psychological well-being among terman’s gifted men and women.
Psychology and Aging, 3(3) 286-291.
Hrebiniak, L. G., & Alutto, J. A. (1972). Personal and role related factors in the development of organizational commitment. Administrative science quarterly,17(4),
99
555-573.
Ingersoll, G. L., Olsan, T., Drew-Cates, J., DeVinney, B. C., & Devies, J. (2002).
Nurses’job satisfacation, organizational commitment, and career intent. Nursing
Administration,32, 250-263.
Igharia, M., & Greenhaus, J.H. (1992). Determinants of MIS Employees’s turnover intentions: A Structural Equation Model .Communications of the ACM,35(2),P38.
Judge, T.A., Ilies, R., & Dimotakis, N. (2010). Are health and happiness the product of wisdom? General mental ability, education, occupation status, health, and well-being.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 454-468.
Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job
satisfaction-job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review.
Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376-407.
Jaffrey, K. S., Charles, M. F., & Rajan, V. (1989). Exploring sale person turn over: A casual model. Journal of Business Research, 18(1), 305-308.
Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002).Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022.
Keyes, C. L. M., & Magyar-Moe, J. L. (2003). The measurement and utility of adult subjective well-being. In S. J. Lopez and C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive Psychological Assessment: A Handbook of Models and Measures (pp.411-425). Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.
Kushman, J. W.(1992) .The organizational dynamics of teacher workplace commitment:
A study of urban elementary and middle school. Educational Administration
Quarterly, 28(1),5-42。
Kawakubo, M.K.(1987). Perception of authority, control, and commitment in Japanese organization, Dissertation Abstracts International.Vol.49, 01-A.
Kraut, A. I. (1975). Predicting turnover of employees from measured job attitudes.
Organizational behavior and human Performance, 13, 233-243.
Kaiser, H. F.(1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36.
Kanter, R. M. (1968). Commitment and social organization: A study of commitment mechanisms in utopian communities. American Sociological Review, 33, 499-517.
Laura ter Doest & Jan de Jonge (2006).Testing causal models of job characteristics and employee well-being: A replication study using cross-lagged structural equation modeling. Journal of Occupationaland Organizational Psychology, 79, 499–507 Layard, R. (2006). Happiness: Lessons from a new science. New York: Penguin.
Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others?: Therole of cognitive and motivational processes in well-being. American Psychologist, 56, 239-249.
100
Lu, L., Gilmour, R., Kao, S.F., & Huang, M.T.(2006). A cross-cultural study of
work/family demands, work/family conflict and well-being:the Taiwanese vs. british.
Career Development International,11(1),9-27.
Lu, L., Cooper, C.L., Kao, S.F., & Zhou, Y, (2003).Work stress, control be iefsand well-being in Greater China: An exploration of sub-cultural differences between the PRC and Taiwan. Journal of Managerial Psychology,18,479-510.
Lu, L., & Shih, J. B. (1997). Sources of happiness: A qualitative approach. The Journal
of Social Psychology, 132(2), 181-187.
Lin, N., & Gina, L.(1995). Urban stress in China. Social science and medicine, 41
(8),1131-1145.
Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a Psychology of Being. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company.
Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6, 10-19.
Mark G. Wilson, David M. DeJoy, Robert J. Vandenberg, Hettie A. Richardson &
Allison L. McGrath. (2004) .Work characteristics and employee health and well-being:
Test of a model of healthy work organization. Journal of Occupational and
Organizational Psychology, 77 (4),565-588.
McHugh, M., & Brennan, S. (1994) Managing the stress of change in the public sector.
The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 7(5), 29-42.
Meyer, J. P., & N. J. Allen.(1991). A Three-component Conceptualisation of
Organizational Commitment, Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of Administrative. Sciences Association of Canada, Whistler, British Columbia.
McCloskey, J. C., & McCain, B. E. (1987).Satisfaction, Commitment, and
professionalism of newly employed nurses. IMAGE: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 19(1), 20-24.
Morrow, P. C. (1983). Concept Redundancy in Organizational Research:The case of work commitment. Academy of Management Review, 8,486-500.
Morris, J. H., & Sherman, J. D. (1981).Generalizability of an Organization Commitment Model. Academy of Management Journal, 24(3), 512-526.
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L.W., & Steers R. M. (1982), Employee- Organization
Linkages:The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism and Turnover. New York:
Academic Press.
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979).The Measurement of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247.
Michaels, C.E., & Spector, D.E. (1982).Causes of Employee Turnover: A Test of the Mobley, Griffeth, Hand and Meglino Model. Journal of Applied Psychology 67, 53-59.
Miller, H. E., & Katerberg, R. (1979).Evaluation of the mobley, horner, and holling
101
sworth model of employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64(5),509-517 Mobley, W. H.(1977). Intermediate Linkages in the Relationship Between Job
Satisfaction and Employee Turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(2), 237-240.
Mobley, W.H., Horner, S. O., & Hollingsworth, A.T.(1978).An Evaluation of Precursors of Hospital Employee Turnover. Journal of Psychology, 63(4), 410.
March, J. G., & Simon, H. A.(1958). Organization. New York: Wiley.
Noblet, A., Teo, S. T. T., McWilliams, J., & Rodwell, J. J. (2005). Which work characteristics predict employee outcomes for the public-sector employee?
Anexamination of generic and occupation-specific characteristics. International
Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(8), 1415-1430.
Nelson, J. W. (2002). The empirical relationship of primary nursing and organization commitment. Creative Nursing, 2, 13-15.
Nunnally, J. C.( 1978) Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw Hill.
Omodei, M.M., & Wearing, A. J. (1990). Need satisfaction and involvement in personal projects: toward and integrative model of subjective well-being. Journal of
Personality and social Psychology, 59, 762-769.
Panaccio, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2009). Perceived organizational support,- 148 -organizational commitment and psychological well-being: A longitudinal study.
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(2), 224-236.
Parker, R. J., & Kohlmeyer, J. M. (2005). Organizational justice and turnover in public accounting firms: A research note. Organizations and Society, 30, 357-369.
Price, J. L. (1977). The Study of Turnover. Iowa.
Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974).Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Among Psychiatric Technicians. Journal
of Applied Psychology, 59, 603-609.
Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1973). Organizational, work, and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism. Psychological Bulletin , 80(2), 151.
Porter, L. W., & Smith, F. J. (1970), The Etiology of Organizational Commitment, Unpublished Paper, University of California, Irvine
Rathi, N. (2010). Relationship of Quality of Work Life with Employees’ Psychological Well-Being. International Journal of Business Insights and Transformation, 3(1) 53-60.
Robbins, S. P.(2001) .Organizational Behavior(9th ed.). Englewood Cliffs ,New Jersey:
Prentice-Hall.
Reyes, P. (1990). Teachers and their workplace: Commitment, performance ,and
productivity. California: Sage publication.
Randall, D. M.(1987).Commitment and the Organization: the organization man revisited. Academy of Management Review, 12( 3), 462-475.
102
Reichers, A. E. (1985). A review and reconceptualization of organizational commitment.
Academy of Management Review, 10, 465-476.
Schulte, P., & Vainio, H. (2010).Well-being at work-overview and perspective. Scand J
Work Environ Health, 36(5), 422-429.
Siu, O.L., Lu, C.Q., & Spector, P.E. (2007). Employees’well-being in greater china:
The direct and moderating effects of general self-efficacy. Applied Psychology: An
International Review,56(2), 288-301.
Stockman, C. R.(2003). The relationship between the perceived discrepancies between person/organizational basic assumptions and employee personal characteristics and employee turnover in the hotel industry. Unpublished DBA, NOVA Southeastern University.(retrieved from PQDD)Streepy, J.(1981). Direct-Service Providers and Burnout. The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 62, 352-361.
Sarvimi, A., & Stenbock-Hult, B. (2000). Quality of life in old age described as a sense of well-being meaning and value. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32,1025-1033.
Schwarz, N., & Strack, F. (1999). Reports of subjective well-being: Judgmental
processes and their methodological implications. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener & N.
Schwarz (Eds.), Well-being: Foundations of hedonic psychology,61-84. New York:
Russell-Sage.
Spector, P. (1997). Job satisfaction: Applications, assessment, causes, and
consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Stone, M. J., & Kozma, A. (1985). Structual relationships among happiness scales : a second order factorial study .Social Indicators Research,17, 19-28.
Szilagyi, A. D., (1979) .Keeping Employee Turnover under Control, Personal. The
Management of People at Work, 56(6) 42-52.
Stevens, J. M., Beyer, J. M., & Trice, H. M. (1978).Assessing personal, roleand
organizational predictor of managerial commitment. Academy of Management Journal, 21, 380-396.
Staw, B. M. (1977). Commitment to a policy decision: A multi-theoretical perspective.
Administrative Science Quarterly, 23, 40-64.
Steers, R. M. (1977).Antecedents and Outcomes of Organizational Commitment.
Administrative Science Quarterly, 22(1), 46-56.
Sheldon, M. E. (1971). Investments and involvements in mechanisms producing commitment to the organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16, 142-150.
Taris, T. W., & Schreurs, P. J. G. (2009). Well-being and organizational performance:
An organizational-level test of the happy-productive worker hypothesis. Workand
Stress, 23(2), 120-136.
Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1994). Positive illusions and well-being revisited : Separating fact from fiction. Psychological Bulletin, 116(1), 21-27.
103
Veenhoven, R. (1994). Is happiness a trait? Tests of the theory that a better society does not make people any happier. Social Indicators Research, 32, 101-160.
Veenhoven, R. (1991). Is happiness relative? Social Indicators Research, 24, 1-34.
Veenhoven, R.(1984). Condition of happiness. Dordrecht, Boston and Lancaster:
D.Reidel Publishing Company.
Williams, K. L., & Galliher, R. V. (2006).Predicting depression and self-esteem from social-connectedness, support, and competence. Journal of Social and Clinical
Psychology, 25, 855-874.
Wel, F., Bogt, T., & Raaijmakers, Q. (2002).Changes in the parental bond and thewell-being of adolescents and young adults. Adolescence, 37, 316-333.
Williams L.j., & Anderson S. E.(1991). Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-role Behavior.
Journal of Management, 17, 601-617.
Wilson, W. (1967).Correlates of avowed happiness. Psychological Bulletin, 47(2),203-231.
104
附錄
正式問卷
員工幸福感、組織承諾與離職傾向之相關研究
『以某空軍基地志願役士官為例』調查問卷
各位敬愛的空軍同仁,您好:
本問卷目的為瞭解志願役士官同仁對於員工幸福感、組織承諾與離職傾向之相關 的看法。希望能夠獲得您的協助。本問卷為不記名方式,請根據您實際的感受情況填 答即可,所有資料僅供學術研究使用,絕不外流,請放心填答,對於您的協助,致上 誠摯的謝意!
國立臺東大學資訊管理學系 環境經濟資訊管理碩士在職專班 指導教授 謝昆霖博士 研究生 蔡明呈敬啟 中華民國 101 年 12 月
第一部分 員工幸福感
填答說明:請依據您近三個月的身體健康情況在右方數字上進行圈 選,以下問題發生的頻率,數字越大表示發生頻率越低。
非常頻繁 經常 偶而 不經常 極少 從不
1. 莫名其妙的感到疲倦或精疲力竭。 1 2 3 4 5 6
2. 倦怠不太想起床。 1 2 3 4 5 6
3. 身體的某部位覺得刺痛或劇痛。 1 2 3 4 5 6 4. 肌肉顫抖(如眼皮跳)。 1 2 3 4 5 6 5. 呼吸急促或感到暈眩。 1 2 3 4 5 6
填答說明:請依據您近三個月的心理感覺與行為情況在右方數字上進
填答說明:請依據您近三個月的心理感覺與行為情況在右方數字上進