檢測頻率

檢測頻率如圖 2.1。

檢測頻率

初始檢測

定期檢測 破壞檢測 深化檢測 特殊檢測

橋梁初始檢測資料庫建置時

(至少)1次/ 2年；可調高；經FHWA許可，最低4年1次 每逢必要時(因突發環境改變或人為破壞時進行) 每逢必要時(輔助因定期檢測無法提供之服務) 每逢必要時(監測系統)

圖 2.1 美國橋梁檢測頻率 3. 檢測人員編制與資格

從事橋梁檢測組織單位人員，包括專案經理、檢測小組負責 人、載重評估人員與潛水檢測人員，必須具備 CFR 650.307 所規定 的資格：

(1) 專案經理(Program manager)：負責橋梁檢測、報告與管理工作 a. 必須是註冊專業工程師；

b. 或至少有十年橋梁檢測經驗；且已經完成了 FHWA 完整的 訓練課程。

(2) 小組負責人(Team leader)：負責檢測小組及檢測工作規劃、實 行與報告。

a. 有上述的資格；或

b. 至少有 5 年橋梁檢測經驗，而且已完成了 FHWA 完整的訓 練課程；或

c. 目前已有經國家專業工程師協會(NSPE)所規劃之全國工程 技術檢定(NICET)核可的第 3 級或第 4 級之橋梁安全檢查員 資格，而且已完成了 FHWA 完整的訓練課程，或

d. 學士學位，且通過國家考試院工程與調查類基礎考試，且有

2 年橋檢經驗，且已完成了 FHWA 完整的訓練課程；或 e. 工程或工程技術相關學位，且有 4 年橋檢經驗，且已完成了

FHWA 完整的訓練課程。

(3) 載重評估人員(Load rater)：全面性負責橋梁載重評估。

a. 必須是註冊專業工程師

(4) 潛水檢測人員(Under- water bridge inspection diver)：負責利用 潛水檢測水面下的橋梁元件。

a. 必須完成了 FHWA 完整的訓練課程，或 FHWA 其他水下橋 梁檢測訓練課程。

其中，FHWA 所提供橋梁檢測的完整訓練課程如表 2-3 ^[17]所示：

表 2-3 美國橋梁檢測培訓課程

單位 課程 內容

FHWA-NHI-130054 Engineering Concepts for Bridge Inspectors

FHWA-NHI-130055 Safety Inspection of In-Service Bridges

FHWA-NHI-130078 Fracture Critical Inspection Techniques for Steel Bridges

FHWA-NHI-130079 Bridge Coatings Inspection

FHWA-NHI-130091 Underwater Bridge Inspection

FHWA-NHI-130053 Bridge Inspection Refresher Training

FHWA-NHI-134029 Bridge Maintenance Training

FHWA-NHI-135047 Stream Stability and Scour at Highway Bridges

NHI Courses

FHWA-NHI-134056 Pontis (BMS) Training

Alabama Annual training

Annual bridge inspection training school, one day to one week in length

State and local government inspectors are expected to attend in preparation for inspection of bridge structures.

單位 課程 內容

General bridge inspection course

Three-week course

Inspection of fixed bridges

Movable bridge inspection course

One-week course

Movable bridge inspection

Inspection of mechanical and electrical components

Complex bridge inspection course

One-week course

Inspection of segmentally constructed, post-tensioned, concrete box girder bridges

Culvert inspection

course Pipe and box culverts

Inspection of Fracture Critical Bridge Members

Recognize and inspect fracture-critical bridge members and teach the student how to inspect these members

Florida

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Methods for Steel Bridges

Use of NDT on fracture-critical steel bridges

New Jersey NHI refresher Railroad bridges

Once per year

For bridges over active railroad lines (NJ Transit, Conrail, Amtrak, CSX, Norfolk Southern, Shared Assets, etc.) the consultant must have his team leader and other field inspection engineers complete annual training provided by the concerned company.

New York NYSDOT Bridge Inspection Workshop

Five-day course required for all inspectors and QC personnel

Comprehensive

Six-day course that meets federal requirements for comprehensive bridge inspection training

Ohio

Major bridge Special training and experience are required for major bridges

Oregon Confined Space Awareness

Personnel inspecting interiors of box girders must complete the Confined Space Awareness training course

單位 課程 內容

Basic bridge inspection training course

7.5 work days; instructors are Pes

Certificate of completion for attendance

*Certified Bridge Safety Inspector card after testing/evaluation

Bridge inspection refresher training course

Three work days; instructors are PEs

Fracture Critical Inspection

Techniques for Steel Bridges

Pennsylvania

Bridge Scour Evaluation

Bridge Condition Inspection

Fundamentals

Three-day course

Preparatory for Bridge Condition Inspection Training

Washington

Bridge Condition Inspection Training

10-day course

Training includes 20 h in the field For new inspectors or those who desire a complete refresher

Class is equivalent to the NHI-130055A (6 CEUs)

Satisfactory completion of this course will fulfill the training requirements

資料來源：參考文獻^[17]。 者協會(American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, AASHTO)的相關評估手冊。表 2-4 列出美國各年代與橋梁 檢測相關準則。值得提及，AASHTO 的「Manual for Condition Evaluation of Bridge」^[8]早期適用於採容許應力法(Allowable Stress