第五章 結論建議
5.3 研究限制及未來研究方向:
本研究採取實驗法搜集資料,並針對受測者談話內容及心跳進行分析,但人類的知 覺是一個相當複雜的過程,當個體知覺到遭受到言語攻擊時,大腦的相對應的區域應該 會有明顯的變化,若能引入腦神經科學針對腦部活動的量測方式,應能找出腦部各相應 區域的變化,但在本研究中無法找到適合的儀器,進行腦部活動變化的觀測,若有適當 的儀器,應能使本論文的數據資料更臻完備。
本研究為了避免造成受測者長期的心理創傷以及符合道德相關議題,故針對辭句的
攻擊強度及攻擊的時間均有控制,然而根據訪談結果,大多數受測者表示,實驗中的言 語攻擊強度不高,有可能低估實際的影響結果,因為在實際職場或者是職場以外的權威 關係下,言語攻擊的強度及時間均遠高於本研究所設定,若以長期個案追蹤的方式進行 研究,應能在心理及生理層陎上看出更為顯著的影響。
工作壓力的除了從心跳數值分析外,尚可透過腎上腺素(epinephrine)分泌或 HRV
(heart rate variability)來進行分所,但因腎上腺素的衡量需透過血液的檢驗才可 得到具體的數據,因此未來研究可透過與生物醫學相結合,應能獲得更加客觀的數據。
另外 HRV 的部份,本研究一開始採用 EKG 心電圖來量測 HRV,但因為受到過多的干擾而 宣告失敗。HRV 主要透過量測體表電流的變化,測出每次心跳間隔距離後,計算其間的 變異程度而得,但由於測量 HRV 的儀器非常容易受到其它因素的干擾,包含肌肉動作產 生的電流、辦公室各種電子設備的干擾,在非隔離的環境下,受到各種電磁波的影響更 不易測得正確的數據,這一部份除透過科技的突破解決,尚可在隔離干擾源的實驗室環 境內進行施測,惟在實驗室內要建構權威架構及使用電腦設備錄音,可能又會造成其它 的干擾。
受測者的人格特質、個人修養及對未來升遷的期待無法透過實驗完全測出,上述的 變項應會對本研究中的言語攻擊所造成的壓力造成不同程度的影響,因此若能事先透過 適當的量表,選擇具有類似人格特質的受測者,應能使工作壓力的量測更為準確。
本研究對受測者採用直接言語攻擊的方式對受測者進行刺激,但在組織內的言語攻 擊並不是全然都是直接攻擊,例如:流言、傳話等間接的言語攻擊。間接的言語攻擊,
是否會造成個體的壓力,未來研究可透過田野調查、長期追蹤等方式進行研究。
除了被攻擊的個體外,攻擊者亦是值得研究的主題,在本次實驗進行的過程中,工 作人員曾經出現因為壓力過大造成睡眠品質下降、作惡夢的現象,因此言語攻擊是否對 攻擊者亦會造成壓力,是一個值得研究的方向;另外,學歷高低是否與言語攻擊相關;
言語攻擊能造成工作壓力,反之,工作壓力是否會使個體產生言語攻擊;言語攻擊後,
攻擊源要如何修補彼此的間關係。未來透過上述對於攻擊者及被攻擊者的研究,相信能 對言語攻擊行為有更深一層的瞭解。
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