第五章 結論
第二節 研究限制
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第二節 研究限制
在依變項的指標上，我們的並以代間往來的頻率交換作為依變項比較並分 為四組類型，以理解代間的交換型態。Miller (2004)指出，中國男性的代間給予 多是出自義務和期望，男性負擔主要、大筆的日常開銷，如帳單、房租
（貸）、醫療費用等，女性的代間給予是來自情感和親密程度，故偏向禮物性 質的來往，因此，男性的財務支持是直接反應在大型借貸和公共支出等，故父 母並非直接收到兒子的財務支持，因此，兒子代間財務支持交換上頻率偏低，
然而女性的禮物給予的頻率和受惠對象則可直接反映在代間交換的頻率上，因 此，以單以支持的次數作為理解支持的多寡，則會忽略男性在重大家庭事務上 的給與。
其次，Wellman (1992)指出，強關係之間可能會並存多種交換關係，如朋友 之間，既可存在就業資訊、借貸或是財務往來的時的工具性支持，亦可存在分 享心情的情緒性支持或是提供照顧和做家事的實質性支持，而我們所探討的代 間關係是一種強關係，且家庭成員是個人社會支持網絡中，照顧支持和情感性 支持的重要來源，僅以財務支持交換作為代間往來的指標，故無法更全面的描 繪兩國家庭的交換圖譜。
在獨立變項上，在日本代間同住的狀態未有明確的發現，故需要對日本同 住狀態下的代間交換更細緻的探討，且文獻中亦指出，代間選擇同住的居住狀 態可能包含各種因素，代間的居住策略也影響代間在同一屋簷下的互動(Takagi and Silverstein 2006； Takagi et al. 2007； 山田昌宏 2001)，故單以地理空間的狀 態以解釋代間交換的類型則無法更清楚的說明影響代間交換的因素。
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在居住狀態的指標上，是以受試者和父母之間的交通時間為指標，然而，
日本的國土面積為台灣的十倍，且兩國的交通運輸和各地鄉鎮發展程度也不一 致，故兩國共以交通時間做為空間上的指標，則難以更精確的兩國的實質距離 長短。
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附錄一
兩國代間交換與孝道意識分數比較表
代間居住狀態
日本 台灣
反哺式代間關係 19.11 22.57
受惠式代間關係 17.62 22.22
自獨式代間關係 16.88 20.65
平衡互惠式代間關係 19.13 22.95
Total 17.76 22.09
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附錄二
日本受試者生命循環階段與居住狀態交叉表(%)
代間居住狀態
同住 近鄰式 居住距離遠
未婚無子 78.1 8.1 13.81 100
已婚無子 16.46 31.01 52.53 100
已婚小孩十八歲以下 10.73 42.91 46.36 100
已婚小孩十九歲以上 17.51 33.33 49.15 100
Total 30.89 29.4 39.7 100