第五章 結論與建議
第三節 研究限制
因為越南現代化貨櫃作業發展歷史不長，故在資料收集上較為困難，
在整個研究過程中，難免受到一些研究限制〆
一、 各種資料的取得，必頇以相關資料反覆印證，以祈達到準確性，否
則將影響研究結果。
二、 因筆者本身從事河港貨櫃碼頭經營，故在面對面深度訪談時，受訪 者鑒於顧客關係，對河港貨櫃碼頭未來發展，多有保留，無法暢所 欲言，且受訪者在回答問題方面，也可能比較主觀，因此對本研究 造成限制。
三、 T公司因隸屬海軍，屬國防部管轄，對該碼頭的資料收集更為困難，
而海軍參與商業行為，所有資料仍以軍事資料控管，本研究僅能依 賴報章雜誌、或港口協會、或使用該碼頭之航商處獲取資料，這也 是本研究另一項限制。
參考文獻
一、中文部分〆
丁卲峰、梁金樹(2004)，港埠能力確認之文獻回顧與評析，航運季刊，第 13卷，第3期，pp.69-93。
石滋宜、高希均(1999)，競爭力手冊，台北〆天下文化。
交通部運輸研究所港灣技術研究中心(1999)，我國國際商港港埠未來競爭 力分析及核心能力建立整體規劃整合報告，基隆港務局委託。
林生傳(2003)，教育研究法〆全方位的統計與分析，台北〆心理，pp.154-156。
梁金樹、倪安順 合編(1998)，港埠競爭力績效評比之研究，海運研究月刊， 第9期，pp.31-32。
陳昭宏(2001)，亞太港埠競爭力與核心能力指標之研究，運輸學刊，第13 卷，第1期，pp.1-25。
楊師帄(2008)，台灣港口汽車運輸產業經營策略分析，中華大學科技管理 研究所碩士論文。
楊菁雯(2008)，越南地區台資木製家具製造產業經營策略分析-以Y公司為 例，國立高雄大學國際高階經營管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
歐陽餘慶、邱佩諄、楊帅文、鄭俊彥、廖學瑞、張徐錫、劉宏道 等合著 (2000)，亞太地區國際港埠競爭力分析與趨勢研判，台北〆交通部運 輸研究所。
戴輝煌、黃承傳 合編(2008)，貨源因素對於貨櫃港口競爭優勢之影響分析 -以台灣鄰近之貨櫃港口為例，國立高雄海洋科技大學學報，第22期，
pp.1-40。
謝昇宏(2008)，不同興業模式之航商在越南投資策略之研究，國立高雄大
學國際高階經營管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
二、英文部分
〆
Guy, E. and Alix, Y. (2007). A successful Upriver Port? Container Shipping in Montreal. Journal of Transport Geography, Vol.15, No.1, pp.46-55.
Heaver, T. D., Meersman, H., and Van De Voorde, E. (2001). Co-operation and Competition in International Container Transport: Strategies for Ports.
Maritime Policy and Management, Vol.28, No.3, pp.293-305.
Hofer, C. W. and Schendel, D. (1978). Strategy Formulation : Analytical Concept. New York : West Publishing.
Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive Strategy. New York〆Free Press.
Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York〆Free Press.
Porter, M.E. and Fuller, M. B.(1986). Competition in Global Industries.
Boston〆Harvard Business School, pp.315-343.
Prahalad, C.K. and Hamel, G. (1990). The Core Competence of the Corporation.
Harvard Business Review, Vol.68, No.3, pp.79-91.
Thai, V. V. and Grewal, D. (2005). An analysis of the efficiency and competitiveness of Vietnamese port system. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol.17, No.1, pp.3-31.
三、網頁部分
台北經濟文化辦事處，2009年5月1日取自〆 http://www.teco.org.vn/economy.htm。
Dynamar B.V. Website(2007)，Emerging Maritime Nations -Vietnam，2009年 10月15日，取自〆http://www.dynamar.com/。
Frost & Sullivan (2007)，Vietnam Transportation and Logistics-Challenge and
Opportunities，ThomasNet News-Industry Market Trends，2009年10月23
日取自〆http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/frost-home.pag
Neptune Orient Lines Group，2010年1月5日，取自〆http://www.nol.com.sg/。
Saigon New Port Company Website，2009年4月23日取自〆 http://www.saigonnewport.com.vn/。
Saigon Premier Container Terminal Website，2009年4月12日取自〆 http://www.spct.com.vn/。
Vietnam SeaPort Association Website(2008)，Summaries of Member
Capacity，2009 年 9 月 20 日取自〆http://www.vpa.org.vn/index.jsp。
Vietnam SeaPort Association Website(2009)，Meeting Document，2009年9月 26日取自〆http://www.vpa.org.vn/index.jsp。
附錄、問卷調查
附件一 Vinamarine深度訪談問題。
附件二 航商深度訪談問題。
附件三 客戶對港口選擇及港口服務之調查。
附件四 Vinamarine, General Director, Mr. Nam訪談紀錄。
附件五 Vinamarine, Deputy General Director, Mr. Hue訪談紀錄。
附件六 越南總理批准文號第No. 2190/QD-TTg有關到2030年港口規劃計 畫書。
附件七 航商深度訪談紀錄。
附件一〆Vinamarine 深度訪談問題
Questionnaires of Vinamarine Interview
1. 請說明越南政府對港口的政策規劃為何〇
What is the overall port developing policy from the Government?
2. 請說明對越南南部港口的發展計劃為何〇 What is the port plan for the southern part of Vietnam?
3. 對胡志明市地區河港未來的規劃為何〇
What is the port developing plan for Ho Chi Minh City river port?
4. 對現有胡志明市地區的河港，是否符合未來的港口規劃〇若否〇政府將如何 輔助現有河港的未來發展〇
Do the existing river ports in Ho Chi Minh City area meet the future port developing plan? If not, how does the government help the existing ports continue their future plan?
5. 對頭頓地區海港未來的規劃為何〇
What is the Deep Sea Port Plan for Vung Tau area?
6. 你認為海港的發展會不會對現有的河港造成利益衝突〇政府將如何處理這 個問題〇
Do you think the deep sea port development will have interest conflict with the existing river ports? How does government handle this problem?
附件二〆航商深度訪談問題
Questionnaires of Shipping Lines’ Interview
A. 基本資料(Basic Information)
1. 公司名稱(Company Name)〆 2. 職務(Position) 〆
3. 年齡(Age) 〆
4. 公司服務年資(Seniority) 〆
5. 越南服務年資(Duration In Vietnam) 〆 6. 越南服務航線(Service In Vietnam) 〆 7. 使用碼頭(Selected Terminal) 〆 B. 訪談問題(Questionnaires of Interview)
1. 貴公司對在越南選擇船隻泊靠港口的要件為何〇可否以重要性作順序 排列〇
What are the criteria of selecting a terminal for serving the vessel from your company? Can you make a sequence of those criteria of its importance?
2. 您對貴公司目前使用的港口服務是否滿意〇有那些服務仍需改善〇 Is your company satisfied with the services from the selected terminal?
Are there any services from the selected terminal need to be improved?
3. 貴公司客戶對現在使用港口的服務是否滿意〇有那些服務仍需改善〇 Are your customers satisfied with the services of your selected terminal?
Are there services need to be improved?
4. 您對越南政府發展深水海港的看法如何〇您認為海港的發展對胡志明 市地區河港未來的影響如何〇
What is your view of the deep sea port development in Vung Tau area? Do
you think would there be any future business impact to the existing river ports?
5. 您對胡志明市地區河港未來的經營有甚麼看法與建議〇 What is your recommendation to the existing river ports for future business development?
6. 您可否比較河港與海港的優劣為何〇河港﹟V 公司﹠ ﹟T 公司﹠ ﹟S 公司﹠的優劣勢為何〇
Can you make a simple strength and weakness analysis between deep sea port and river port? And a simple strength and weakness analysis among the V company, T company and S company?
公司(Company) ﹟V 公司﹠ ﹟T 公司﹠ ﹟S 公司﹠
優勢(Strength)
劣勢(Weakness)
附件三〆客戶對港口選擇及港口服務之調查
Survey of Selecting Port / Services from Customers
各位親愛的客戶，您好〆 聯絡電話〆0903-706-033 E-Mail: [email protected]
Dear Valued Customers,
Firstly I would like to thank you for spending your precious time to fill up this survey report. This study is to research „The study of Competitiveness and Management Strategy of River Container Ports in Ho Chi Minh City area, Vietnam.‟.
This survey has three categories: 1. Basic Company Profile 2. Port Selecting Criteria 3. Type of services required. The purpose is to understand the process of your import and export goods, and what type of services you required from the selected port to meet your requirement. When selecting the Port and Services, what kind of condition will help you making the decision; Your feedback will provide me very valuable information for the study, so that we can make a very important reference of how to improve the competitiveness, and how to make a competitive strategy of a river container port.
All information collected from you will only be for the study, and will not put in public. Please kindly answer all the questions. Taking the opportunity I would like to thank you for your help so that we can achieve this study smoothly.
Sincerely Yours.
National University of Kaohsiung IEMBA Instructor : Dr. Linda Lee
Student: Wann Shang Jye
Tel: 0903-706-033 E-mail: [email protected]
第一部分〆公司基本資料(1. Basic Company Profile)
1. 請問貴公司在越南投資方式為〇
(What type of investment that your company put in Vietnam?)
□ 國外獨資(100% FDI) □ 國外與本地合資(JV) □ 本地公司(Local Company)
□ 其他(Others)
2. 請問貴公司的營運類別為為〇(可複選)
(What type of business that your company is engaged?)
□ 製造業﹝工廠﹞(Manufactory) □ 貿易商(Trading House)
□ 代理商(Agency) □ 貨物承攬業者或國際物流公司
□ 其他(others) (Freight Forwarder or Logistics Co.,) 3. 請問貴公司所投資之資本額(USD)約為〇
(What is the total investment amount ?)
□ 1百萬元以下(<USD1m) □ 1 百萬~3 百萬元(1-3m) □ 3 百萬元~5 百萬元(3-5m)
□ 5 百萬元~1 千萬元(5-10m) □ 1 千萬~3 千萬(10-30m) □ 3 千萬~5 千萬(30-50m)
□ 5 千萬元以上(>50m)
4. 請問貴公司的地﹝廠﹞址位於〇
(What is the location of your company or factory?)
□ 胡志明市(HCMC) □ 帄陽省(Binh Duong) □ 同奈省(Dong Nai)
□ 龍安省(Long An) □ 西寧省(Tay Ninh)
□ 其他(Others)
5. 請問貴公司業務的進出口導向為何〇
(What is your business model, import / export?)
□ 進口為主(Import only) □ 出口為主(Export only) □ 進口與出口(Import / Export)
6. 請問貴公司進出口的區域為何〇(可複選)
(What are the areas that your company import / export from/to?)
□ 東南亞(South East Asia) □ 東北亞(North East Asia) □ 北美洲地區(North America)
□ 南美洲地區(South America) □ 歐洲地區(Europe) □ 非洲地區(Africa)
□ 其他(Others)
7. 請問貴公司目前在越南使用哪些港口〇(可複選) (What is the Container Port your company is using?)
□ 河港(River Port) □ 海港(Sea Port) 若是河港，為何〇(If River Port)
□ 卲萊港(Cat Lai Port) □ VICT □ SPCT
□ 其他(Others) 8. 請問您在公司的職位〇
(What is your position in the company?)
□ 一般職員(Clerk) □ 課長級(一般主管)(Supv) □ 經(副)理級(中階主管)(Mgr)
□ 經理級以上(高階主管) (Senior Mgr)
□ 其他(Others)
9. 請問您曾在越南工作的年資約有〇
(How long have you been working in Vietnam)
□ 2(含)年以下(<2 years) □ 3~4 年(3-4 years) □ 5~6 年(5-6 years)
□ 7~8 年(7-8 years) □ 9 年以上(> 9 years) □ 短期出差性質，並未久待 (Visiting)
10. 貴公司越南當地的員工人數約多少位〇
(How many employee does your company have?)
□ 50 位以下(<50) □ 51~100 位 □ 101~200 位 □ 201~300 位
□ 301~500 位 □ 501~700 位 □ 701~1,000 位 □ 1001 位以上 (>1001)
第二部分〆選擇碼頭的要件(2. Port Selecting Criteria) 選擇要件(Selecting Criteria) 非常
重要 很重
要 重要 普通 不重 要 Extrem
Imp.
Very
Imp. Imp. Normal Less Imp.
1 2 3 4 5
1.作業效率高(Operation Efficiency) □ □ □ □ □
2.碼頭費率便宜(Cheaper Handling Rate) □ □ □ □ □
3.交通便利(Transportation Convenience) □ □ □ □ □
4.碼頭地理位置(Geographical Location) □ □ □ □ □
5.船期便利(Frequent Vessel Schedule) □ □ □ □ □
6.特定航商(Nominated Shipping Line) □ □ □ □ □
7.海關服務(Customs Service) □ □ □ □ □
8.客戶服務(Customer Service) □ □ □ □ □
9.結關時間(Cut Off Time) □ □ □ □ □
10.提供內陸貨櫃集散站服務(ICD Service) □ □ □ □ □
11.問題處理服務(Problem Solving) □ □ □ □ □
12.資訊服務(IT Service, EDI) □ □ □ □ □
13.特殊櫃服務﹝冷凍，超長，成衣〄等﹞
(Special Container Service, Reefer, Oversize, Garment.etc)
□ □ □ □ □
14.理賠服務(Claim Service) □ □ □ □ □
第三部分〆客戶服務選擇(3. Port service selection)
1. 貴公司目前在越南碼頭的服務範圍是為〇 (What type of service you are using in the port?)
□ CY □ CFS □ CY & CFS □ 其他(Others) 2. 貴公司目前在越南碼頭是否有使用下列服務〇
(Are you using the below services?)
□ CY 拆裝櫃 (Are you using the below services?)
□ 冷凍貨櫃
(Are you using the below services?)
□ 水洗櫃 Cleaning □ 化學品洗櫃 Chemical cleaning
□ 修櫃
Container repair □ 其他(Others)
問卷到此填答完畢，萬分感謝您的大力協助〈
Thank you very much for filling up this survey!
附件四〆 INTERVIEW WITH MR. VUONG DINH LAM ,
Head of Vinamarine.
Interview time: 16h30 – 17h 00 4/5/2010.
1 - Question: What is overall port developing plan from the Government?
Answer : The Prime Minister of Vietnam has approved the “Master Plan of Vietnam port system to 2020, vision up to 2030” by the Decision No.
2190/QĐ-TTg dated 24 Dec 2009. We will provide you the Decision in English. You can refer to this .
2 - Question: What is the port plan for the Southern port of Vietnam?
Answer: It is also mentioned in the above Decision.
3 - Question: What is the port developing plan for HCM City river port?
Answer: It is mentioned in the above Decision.
4 -Question: Do the existing river ports in HCMC area meet the future port developing plan? If not how does the Government help the existing ports continue their plan?
Answer : No, they do not meet the future plan because the river ports in HCMC shall be removed out of the City or converted in usage utilization in accordance to the approved Master Plan. Particularly, from 2010-2020 Saigon Port shall go to Hiep Phuoc area, Tan Cang shall go to Cat Lai area; Tan Thuan Dong shall go to Tan Thuan area; Vegetable Port shall change the business activities. VICT shall also be relocated subject to further review of timing
5 - Question: What is the deep sea port plan for Cai Mep area?
Answer : Please refer to the Master Plan.
6 - Question: Do you think the deep sea port development will have interest conflict with the existing river port? How does government handle this problem?
Answer : There are 2 existing Codes to govern activity of river ports: the Maritime Code and Inland Waterway Transport Code. There are no conflict at all just to serve for different kinds of vessels. The deep sea port shall mainly serve very big ocean-going vessels or direct haulage to America, Europe… The river port shall serve for smaller feeders, or
vessel going in the short distance, or ever serve for domestic, inland waterway transport.
END
附件五〆 INTERVIEW WITH MR. NGUYEN NGOC HUE ,
Deputy Head of Vinamarine.
Interview from 8h15 – 8h45’ 5/5/2010.
1 -a Question: What is overall port developing plan from the Government?
Answer : Please refer to the approved Master Plan in accordance to Decision 2190/QĐ-TTG dated 24 Dec 2009 of the Vietnam Prime Minister 2 - Question: What is the port plan for the Southern port of Vietnam?
Answer : Please refer to the above Decision
3 - Question: What is the port developing plan for HCMCity river port?
Answer: Please refer to the above Decision
4 -Question: Do the existing river ports in HCMC area meet the future port developing plan? If not how does the Government help the existing ports continue their plan?
Answer : Due to the growth of the HCMC and over developing of HCMC river ports, the Government must ask the port to relocate to other area out of the city. Mostly the Cai Mep, Thi Vai, Ben Dinh – Sao Mai is suitable for vessels up to 100,000 120,000 DWT or big ocean-going vessel to Europe, America.
5 - Question: What is the deep sea port plan for Vung Tau area?
Answer : Please refer to the above Decision.
6 - Question: Do you think the deep sea port development will have interest conflict with the existing river port? How does government handle this problem?
Answer : The river ports shall have to serve smaller feeder, IWT vessels/barges, cruise or change the business to become commercial/residential complex. etc… The deep sea port shall serve big ocean-going vessels.
The Government shall have the relocation but now faces some difficulties in terms of finance, land area.
Therefore the river ports should have their own initiatives to help themselves first.
His personal recommendation to VICT: The infrastructure/ facilities is so important; can not be abandoned so fast, so easily. But VICT still has to be relocated.
So VICT should think about the conversion into satellite IWT ports or thinking of some other business right now.
附件六〆越南總理批准文
PRIME MINISTER
No. 2190/QD-TTg
SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence - Freedom - Happiness
---
Hanoi, December 24, 2010
DECISION
APPROVING THE MASTER PLAN ON DEVELOPMENT OF VIETNAM'S SEAPORT SYSTEM THROUGH 2020, WITH ORIENTATIONS TOWARD
2030
THE PRIME MINISTER
Pursuant to the December 25, 2001 Law on Organization of the Government;
Considering the proposal of the Ministry of Transport (Report No.
5213/TTr-BGTVT of July 30, 2009) on the master plan on development of Vietnam's
5213/TTr-BGTVT of July 30, 2009) on the master plan on development of Vietnam's