第六章 綜合討論
第二節 研究限制
本研究採取由下而上取向來彌補和驗證過去多從由上而下的幸福感研究結 果，但需要滿足樣本代表性和窮盡性的前提，才能做出正確的推論。雖然研究者 希望能在隨機抽樣下取到代表性的樣本，但由於現實環境條件的限制，仍無法完 全達到理想上的隨機。實際上完成研究的參與者主要是研究者的親朋好友與其相 關友人、批踢踢 Q_ary 版的版友以及研究者的社交媒體介面。研究者雖盡可能邀
請不同性別、年齡、居住地、職業、教育程度、收入以及婚姻狀況的參與者，但 最後的有效資料仍偏重女性、21-30 歲、北部、學生、大學、年收入低於 25 萬以 及多數單身的特徵。但受限於網路資料收集的研究方法，本研究收取到的樣本多 來自使用電腦和手機的參與者，目前僅能推論到這些特定的族群。若要將本研究 得到的結果應用到其他場域的群體時，應更加的保守與謹慎，以免造成嚴重的解 釋錯誤。因此，未來若能依照台灣人口比例進行大樣本的抽樣，加上每個人口變 項皆有 1068 位參與者，將可得到較為穩定的結果，使結果更具有實用性。
本研究廣泛收集參與者的幸福感來源或是幸福事件，雖然參照參與者的命名 標籤，但在分類上仍仰賴研究者的分類，可能涉入較多的主觀判斷。目前分類層 級主要分為層面（domains）和經驗（experience）兩大類，層面包含家庭、工作、
人際等等；經驗則包含接納、歸屬等感受。目前僅由兩位評分者信度 Kappa = .8，
將來可請參與者將幸福事件根據 19 個幸福感來源的類別進行分類，進一步確認 分類結果。分類框架確實會影響結果，類別界定的部分需要再仔細評估是否互斥 且周延。本研究雖採由下而上的方式收集幸福感事件，但目前分類仍取決於研究 者主觀的判斷（由上而下），未來可採用不同分類法或統計法，驗證本研究的分 類結果。
在研究材料部分，參與者對這 19 個幸福感來源的定義和理解可能不同，特 別在「自主性」這個來源。當參與者對同一個幸福感來源作不同的詮釋時，測得 的資料可能會有不一致的反應。往後的研究可以先邀請某些參與者對這些類別名 稱進行定義，確保大家對同一概念有接近的想法。然，卡片分類作業對於 41 歲 以上的參與者有些難度，可能是因為這 19 個幸福感來源是較為抽象的概念，參 與者較難採用具體特徵進行分類，也可能是因為本研究採取標色式的分類法，參 與者在使用上還不夠流暢。隨著時代推移，往後的研究將可收到年齡較長的參與 者。
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