• 沒有找到結果。

60  機緣概念機緣是借環境心理學者 Gibson(1949)術語,解釋技術物本身物質性,所能承載其 主體行動的可能性。 

Knowing Feeling Doing

SPACE

EVERYDAY LIFE TIME

ARTIFACT

Holistic Experience

圖  5  實踐典範之使用經驗研究理論架構

142

用者和使用者在不同情鏡中所使用的工具(例如手提電腦、網路資源等)。也就 是說,人和科技產品之間的關係,像是一種隨著不同情境中的雙向互動,科技產 品的物質性之所以能夠作為人們使用的基礎,而人們使用科技產品的過程又隨著 不同的情境而有不同的實踐方式。例如,網路資源提供了一種展延思考的可能性,

但也受限於特定物質的基礎而運作。所以分析網路使用時,不能去除實踐脈絡(包 括了時間、空間、科技物)所交織的時空,一但忽視了實踐的脈絡,對於科技產 品的解讀可能就會落入「科技決定論」或「社會建構論」的窠臼。回到現實日常 生活中的科技使用環境,並透過實際的觀察和解讀,或許才能呈現並捕捉「使用 經驗」和「網路資源」作為為工具,在環境中不斷互動與扣連,以及人類在使用 工具時如何因時、因地制宜,甚而能「即興演出」的真實過程。

143

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Studying Holistic User Experiences based on Practice Paradigm:

An Analysis of Taiwan e-Learning and Digital Archives Program Website Users

Abstract

This paper aims to explore a theoretical framework of holistic user experiences based on practice paradigm. By focusing on the target users of Taiwan e-Learning and Digital Archives Program website, it proposes two research questions. First, how do different kinds of users take up their own practices and experiences by receiving and making sense of internet information? Second, how do users invest internet resources with their own “meanings” and “values”? In this regard, how can researchers reinvestigate user experiences holistically?

Based on the results of user diary, this paper outlines the theoretical framework of holistic user experiences from the perspective of practice paradigm.

Keywords: practical paradigm, users, holistic user experiences

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三、數位典藏相關新聞報導於大眾媒體之再現與框架研究

本子計畫於數位典藏相關新聞報導於大眾媒體之再現與框架研究領域,98 年度計畫主要著重於智慧財產權之新聞框架研究。從法律的討論觀點切入,藉由 法律相關文獻的理論回顧與統整,觀察著作權概念發源的起源及脈絡,並探討數 位內容與過去傳統實體財產權、紙本智慧財產權本質上差異,進而比較大眾媒介 與實際網路使用者之間對著作權詮釋所引用之隱喻方式習慣的差異,得以理解目 前在對數位資源解讀的過程中,不同框架之間的角逐與競爭過程。

資料蒐集時間自2002 年 9 月 1 日起,至 2009 年 3 月 1 號止,共計 8 年,通 過中時報系的「知識贏家」新聞資料庫,以「Creative Commons」、「Science Commons」、「Open Access」、「創用 CC」「數位典藏」、「侵權」為關鍵字進行搜 尋,再行篩選與文化資產使用、公共資產使用相關的新聞資料。從資料來看,主 流媒體的報導量由2006 年開始增多,而在 2007 年開始進行大量報導。

其中,媒體針對侵權行為報導中,從行為本身出發者,具有非法/侵權、不 正當/貪小便宜、高獲利/暴利三種框架,所建構的使用者特質為:大眾無知,但 不知者仍有罪、知法犯法、貪小便宜、強盜邏輯等,共四種類型。另外,理解大 眾媒體中,對公眾授權、侵權行為與智慧財產權所有權人的看法所可能具備的框 架以後,為了瞭解目前政府官方如何闡釋智慧財產權,本計畫藉由觀察各種政府 所舉辦的宣導競賽的文宣內容,觀察政府欲以何種框架詮釋智慧財產權、相關非 法數位檔案獲取行為,另一方面也檢閱在報導中記者如何呈現這些政府官方的活 動。

最後,本計畫也針對目前網路使用者之間平常取得數位檔案的管道進行調查,

以參與觀察法的方式,檢視 P2P 軟體與其他擺脫政府官方控制的機巧活動,例 如黑暗術等,並觀察使用者在對這些方式與正版數位軟體之間關系的討論,以瞭 解實際在使用過程中,經常被用以詮釋非法使用的框架。綜上之研究成果,產出

〈著作權的隱喻競爭〉之一文,並發表於「2010 年建立數位公共領域-理論構建 與在地實踐」國際學術研討會上。