rv.Bili$snr vE DAVRANTSqT rnonnnnix
V. KANUNI,ARLA UYMA DAVRAI{I$INI AQTKLAYAN TEORirnniX YASAL
munarrarELERLE ir,isxisi
Kanuni muderhalelerr', genel (ttinr topluma ycin e l i h ) v e b i r e y s e l c i ycin l e m l e r ' ( b e l l i b i r b i r e y i ycin d a v -r"anrqlna yonelik) i.rlarah davranrqlarr degiqtirmeye ga-hqmaktadrr(I ).
1. Genel Mtidahaleler:
Kanunlnr tolrlurn genelincle J<anun ihlalini iqe-rer] clavranrgl:u'r engellernel< iqin dcirt ternel rnii-dahaleden yararlernr r.
a. isten.i,lnle\ten, c{,o,ttr-crrLLlr,tl orta,yo, qthntasr,n,r, sa.{Lo1'ert olan.o,h tte ot'tcr.ntl.o.r't, ortoclct.n. he,lclt,rnto/i i,g.i,n.
l.)oz(u"r,tt. .yctltr.lo nct,r,rr,l,nLe sr, Lte cl.ii.zenl,ennrcsi,. Hii-kumetin pazara rntid:'rlrale ederek rirneSin u.yuqtlrrucu satrErnr durdurmasr. 1B vaqrndan kiigiiklere igki sa-ttsrnrn ;,'aprlrnasmr yasahlamasl buna or:nek olarak verilebilir'. Ilernzer gekilde, gevre koruma zrnracryla do-gal gaz kullanrrrlrnu-r zorunla hale getirilmesi de buna gtizel bir ornel< t;eqkil etmektedir. Ancak herkclsin btr davranrqr gosterrnesi., gerekern alt yapurrn olurs-turulmasr, do$'arl gazln madcli agrdan ter:cih edilir: hale getirilmesi bu davranrqrn gosterilmesi igin gereken rjncel koqullarr ol uqturacaktu".
Bu mtidahale ortamsal yani oncel koqullar tlze-rincle durdugu igin, trafik kurallanna riayet edil-rnesini sa$lamak uzere istisnalan ortadan kaldrrmak da bir" dtizenleme olarak nitelenebilir. Yani gerek dar'-ranrlsql gerekse caydrncrhk teorinin vurguladr$r ce-zanul surel<li ve heinren u5rgr-rlannlasr gerektigi kc-r-nnsu burader da kar\slmrza qrkmaktadrr'.
b. Herlef' c{cLur"etlLft,no. i.l,i,;lzi,rt ntesai ue bilgi. a,ltr,-st.n L d iizenlernelt. Ifiqilelr"in tutum ve inanqlarLnr cie-g'iqtinneli igin risk iqeren davranrq hilkkrnda hirsilerin bilgilcnclirilnresi, ltu amagla rnerdya vb.'den ya-rarlanrlrnasr,, AIDS'e karEr i.rlrnmasl gerel<en onlemler
h a h l < r n d a y a c l a e r n r n i 5 r e t k e n t c r i k u l i i l n r n u n i t i l i s l i i r r k r s a r e l i l a n r l i r n n T \ t ' c l e g ' i i s t e r i l n r e s i i l t r L r . \ : s - u l i t n t i l . \ i r o r " n e k t , e q k i l e r l , n r e k t e c l i r ' . A r " : r s t , t r t n : r l i ' t t ' l < . i s i l t ' r ' i tt s L l ( . ' -l a r a v e r i -l e b i -l c c e k c e z a l a t ' h : r k k r n c l a n c t b i r l r i l s i . r ' t ' s i t -h i p o l m a d r k l a r r n r v e b i r t a h l n j n c l t r b t r ] u r I ) ' r i l l i t l r S ( , ' -r e h t i f l ' i n d e k a n L -r n e n b e l i -r l e n e -r ] c e z L u r n c ' r i k i r l t r n c l l t deierlendirmelerr vaptrgrnr vurgulanrillit,acl t t'. Iii l' sucii v e r i l e b i l e c e k c e z a n l n l < u q u n r s e i n t r t e s i o l t t l ' l t k . r r i -t e l e n e b i l e c e k b u d u r u m k i q i l e r i n s l r q i q l c n r c i i t , e n c i t 1 ' c l r n l m a s l l l t d a l e n g e l l e r . v e c e k t i r ' . ( ) h a l c l c l < r s i l c t ' i t r l < i r -n u -n l a r ' v e k a n u n i n r u c r ) ' \ r i c l e r l c r t ' l r i t l i l < r n c l l r b i l g ' i l e r n c l i r i l m e s i k a n u n l a r r a u 1 , r p t u c l l t t ' r ' i t n I s r n l n p f ' -l i i E t i r i -l r n e s i a q r s r n d a n s o n d e r e c e o n c n r l i l r i r r r t ti c l a h i t l t ' o l a c a l < 1 t . ( l 7 ) . Bilg'i akrqrnrn clr-izenlernrnesi si)r'rilctrisii g ' i b i , d a v r " a n l s ltrensiplerinclerr-r hirtrr'lirt.rctlrrt'lrr clog-r u d a n b i clog-r p a clog-r a l e clog-r l l i k g o s t e clog-r n clog-r e k t , e c l i clog-r ' .
c . I l l . s / r i , g e r e n c { a u r e n . t . f n t r l o , : t ' t u l r r r t ( ' ( ' -za,lcurcl.t.rt,ltn,ctst,, l.ersi, clcr,uratil.rs gr),sl.t,:t'ttrtlt:r'r' i,.,' ltt lli av' r r c : c t l t , l i l o r l; c t r l r , t ? t t l e , s r . . I l u r " t r c l a l i i l n t t n l : r t ' t r t ( : i r v c i t t ' t t ' t ( ' l -l i i s i r i z e r i n d e -l d u r u -l m a k t n d u ' . I i z r n u n i l r l l r l i r r i l i i t l-rs;rviur r i s k i g e ' r c n c l a u ' a n r q l a r " s t i r " e l i l i c e z a l , { , r l i f i r . - i n c t ; r l r r l t t -t,ulacak olursil v€) m tirnkiin olcltrgu clu rlr tI t I li t'cli r i st : dogrtr clavratr nql ar" pehiqtirili r"-qe, l. rr n r,l tt | ; r r clrt r'-rernrqlan olutnlu ydncle degiqtirebilir'.
d . H t i , h [ i . t t r c t i r t r i s f t i c ; e , r e r t
. d c r t l ' o l r 1 . { l t r t l t l ; r r t tl r t lt i gorii;lerini ur;ili,l,ovol'ali, stlniolih lrci lc gclil'//t('.( i rt' lttt s c t , y e r l e t , u t t l t t t , t t ( t i t t o t t t ; I o r t t : t h i . l e t t t ( : . \ ' ( ' ( . : ( t l t s r t t ( t . : t . I ] r r -r a d a k i q i i e -r -r " i n b i l i n q l c n d i -r i l n t c s j t i z e l j t r c l c c l r . t t ' u l r u ' r t l i . J . < a n u n u n e $ i t s e r l e t l i i s i v u r " g u l u u l n l i r l i t , a c l r r ' . , \ t t c ; t l t . l t t r -k t i m e t l c r I < i q i l e r i n s o s r r a l u v n l i . ' r c l i t v t ' i r I ' t r s t t t t i . r l t t t l u n r n a s l n r b e k l e y e r e k b t r n r t r c l i r h : t l e v i l u l l i r n t t ' l ; t t ' l J t ' -n i m s e r -n e y a c l a i j z c i e s l e Q -n r e s L i r e g l c r " i l r i t t ' r t r l r t fi r ; r l i . t ' t . r l t ' gegerbilir'.
2. Bireysel miidahaleler':
Ili re.ysel drncrhli etliisini yukan cla cla
m iiclarhaleler' L e m c l a l a n b e l i r t i l d i s i
zalandrnlan kiqilerirr strq iqlerne eiiliminde azalma ol-madrgrnt orta)'a hot rnakta ve bunun nedeni olarah ce-zalann trygulamaya konmasrndaki gecikmeler" etkili olarak gosterilmel<tedir. Dig'er taraftan, orneSin, c€-zaevlerinin suQ iqlemiq kigiler fzerindeki etkisi de caydrncr olnraktan uzak kalmaktadrr. Bunun temel nedenlerinclen biri , nlevcnt cezaevi kogullarnnda ki -,siler:irr verratrlmava Earhqrlanrn tilm ztLtt bir degerr sis-temini iqsellestirnresiclir'. Yani ceza.evi ortarmrnder ;rer-ratrl an sosyerllesllle s urecinde, yaEamr n boyle bir.
ortzrmcla clcrt'lun ettjrilelrihncsi icin suq clilha gcrrekli h a l e g e l m e k t e d i r ' .
C e z i l e v i n i u e t k i n l i g i n i a r t r r m n k i g i n , d a v r a n r q deg'iqtirrne ;riinterllelini kullalalak kiqilere dogru davranrq biqinrltl'i k:rzanchrrlli'rr).ra yonelil< EalrEmalar cla .vaprlnral<t,aclrr'. Anc:rl< sabrkalr hiqiler:in d:rv-ranl;larn clrs cir-invirdirn QOk ferrkh bir" ortarnda clc-iist,irilnteve' qalrsr hnaht.il, bu nedenle cle bu orLarnclalr qrkrlchgrncla kiEilg' gencl lerne v:rpiirali direndikleri dofru clt.rvt'trntS bigimlerini sergiierne becerisinc sahip olarn arnakterch r'. Il u r reden le dc cezae\rlerine re-habilitasyor) rner'hezi iElervi kazandrr:r"n bu yonbernler de barsrr.r'r"ya u[asanr arnak[aclrr'. IJu t ip ;rahlaqrrnl:rr"da davranrs clei'i.rt.irme siirecincle clavl"r,rnrsln ort,aya crk-Illasrr]a ncclern o]iirr i)rrcerl koqr-rllarrr] \/cr sorlLlqlanrr qok net tllerreth trelit'lcnercl< nr Liclahiilc,lercler btrl lrrrulrlrasr gerekrtrel<t,edi r'. []tr konLurlr n liencli lt;,rsr nir,, bir ba,5lia mirknletcler clerinlcrrtesine inceierl)evc falti t,utuhtrasr g e r c l < 1 t " i 1 7 i.
VT. SONIJCt
l - ] t r t r l a k i i l e c i c l i a n t t n l a r a u \ / m ' l c l a v r a r ' u s l . b i -i -i ' s s e l v e c l -i t t ' r ' l t 1 ] r S c r c l < o l r - i n g c t i l c l i g i a q r k l a n r a l a r e l c r i t i t t u t t ' a l i i n c c l c r n n i o l i s q a l r s r i n r r q t r r ' . l l t i l r r t , : r r L r q r l a l a r . d i I < l < a t e : r l r n c l t ! . t n c l i r , b i l i s s c l s t i r " e E I e r i l c c i i , r v r e r n i D l ) l ' c r t l s i l t l t - t r i r t i r r b i r l r i r i r r c i i r r i a . r , ' r ' r l i l l l l r . l v i i c a l i v c i t i r ' [ i i y i n i t a n l a n r l a v i - r n u l r s r r l i r , r r t ; J r ' l u g u a c r l i c a c - r r i ; a r \ , a q : r k -t r -t a k -t a d r r ' . I i i q i l u ' i n o e i { i l \ r r a l q r l a r , ' i s i - r i c i n r l e i r i . cr c z r l r l l n
n e d e r e c e a d i l o l d u i u n a v e h a r n t r n l a r a u \ ' n ) r \ / i r c l l r r r r ' -m a -m a h a l i n d e e l d e e c l e c e k l c ' r ' i I a v c l i , r . \ r i r i l i s l < r n \ / l l ) -t r k l a n d e g e r " l e n d i r m e l e r i d i h k a t , e r a i n r a l i s r z r r r n c c l c r r s u g i q l e d i k l e r i v e y a n e c l e t r k a n t t t r l i l t ' i t t t v c l r r l< l a r r s o -r u s l -r n a c e v a p v e r m e n i n n r i i n l l i u t r o l t r r a c l r g r r r g i i r . t e r : m e k t e d i r : . A n c a k g e t i r : i l e n h e r t , t i l l i i l r i l i s s c l i r c : r J r -l a m a d a . t e m e -l c -l a r t r a t n r s p r e n s i l r l c r i n i r r i r r r r : r r r l i l r i r l u i o y n e r d t g r h i g l t i r z a n t a n u n u t u l r n i r m l i l r r i r r ' . A . \ ' l ' r ( ' i r l , r - r t r . -o r i l e r n l c \ r c L r t , l i a n t t n i n r t i c l a h t r l c l r : r ' t ' i l r . , i i r r r r r r . r r l i -l i r t n a -l a r c -l : r g c t i r e b j -l n r e r -l &-lt; t , c -l , b z . ( ' l l i l < l c L t ( . , z . i r t r r , l u ' i r r i r ' r ii i r -n u t t l i t r t -n c g ' i t , s t , t l e 1 , l < j s i n i s a g ' l i u l t i r l t t . l r n t : t l t , r r I r i r . q i r r r l r o l m a y e t c a { ' r n i ' r i l i " s J 1 i l l a c r l i l a n l a l t r r r l l , q ( } -t i r e b i l n r e k -t e c l i r ' . [ J u a c - r k ] a n r a l r , r r ' ll r i i c l a h i r l c l c l i r r c l , -I < i n l i [ ' i n e i i i q l i i n i j n e r i l e r g e t , i r r t t e l i i i z t - ' r ' c l t t r i] i r n r lr i l r i l i r ' k i c l a t h a d t r c e r c l e b e l i r t , i l d i g i g i b i l r t r l r i r ' l r u s l i ; r r n i r k i r l t : r - l c e l e a J r n n r a l r d r r ' .
K t r r t u t r l a t ' i t u v l l l a c l a r r r i i l l r b r . r l l v l ' i : l r r r - |)]'{'r l , - q i p i e r i n i n l i l b o t ' a t u l ' f t t ' v o l < l i n i i t o r ' l . i r r n i l r r r i r r i " , i l t i : r r t i r k u I l a r n r n r r c l r s r n c l a , d o [ ' a l o r t a r n l i r r c L r i < i r l s r I i r s r i i r r r i ' i r r r -l i " i k o -l a r y -l i r r r a q r k -l a n r a -l i e t n t i r c r . -l , -l r , r r l a l i r r l i i l n t i l t i l t l r i t ' r r z t , l b i r r j r n c k l . c a l i i I e t , t n e l k t c c l i r ' . fu r t r s i n i r l i u ' r r i r l l r ( ] r ' t , r , r . \ ' i i l < o ; r c l u $ ' u g i b i . c l a v t ' i r n t s l a f a o b j c k t i f i r c r l i i l r r r r r r l i r r ' ! r , t r -t i r m c - : k a u n a c r . y l a o l -t a r v : r a -t i l i l n \ r ( , ) l , a r t u r r n r r . i r r ( i l n ( ' . \ , : . ( , 1 , i h c l n t . r ' o [ ] i . i a l ' r i $ t r r r n i l r n c t ; r i d l l u ' n t r e ' ( r r c k i i i , ; r i , r r i il ; r r ' -I ' a n l S C l t . e o t ' i t t i t r g e l r ' 9 ^ c l i l t a . r ' i t f i r r , t . \ , ' i n ' l i r r u ) t i l i : r i . , : i i , t i i i r ) t -t l r n -t l -t r -t ' c l a k i in s a n r l a v l ' a n r s i a r n l u r i r c r l i i i n r r ) l ; r ; . . i y t , r i r -l : r q r -l t t t t r s t t t i , t r i n e r n l i l < a t , J < r l u r c l i r l l L r l t n u n i l l i i r i i l r r' . I l r r l , e t o l ' i t t i n g i i n l u l < h a l ' i r 1 ' l L r v a l ' l r r r r r i l n i : r . k i : , i i t - ' r " i r i r . , i r i r -. y a t , r n c l a i i i Y i t t r i q 3 l l q L r k l r r y r d r ' ; f i r l i ( : g i { i t , i t i r i i r r ' -rant qliu'tnt aq:i lil :r rn ul.vi:I qal i ; a n " soll Lrcr l arllr .r' ti lr r: t, i nr n T o d e l i " ( I 8 ) c , t t 1 ' c n i r i r n c l < [ c r r l c r r h i r i s i i i i o ] i , r s -i , u t ' n t a h t a d r r " . [' J u m o c l c l , S ] -i -i n n ( ) l ' t n t , r r o r -i r ; ] i r z r , r ' i n t . , ] r r r -t ' u l u o l e t n c l a v r a n r s c l t i z e l i m r ) ( l r c h u v i n r n l { } -c l i f i -c a t i o n ) ) t d r r t . e r n t i t i i n i " - . v i t s i , l i n n l i r rr v i l i ' l ; i n l n l : , i r i r i i o l i , t r a l < n i l , c l e r r c l i i l i r ' . i l u r i r o c i r : l c l c . \ - c l rr l l r n c c ; ' r 1 l i l r r r i i j ; r . ) . i i n t , c l n l c r r t r c i c r t . [ i ; . u r t r n l i r r ' ; t u . \ , n l ; l r l . r i ' r ' ( i : r i : . r i r r i, l . l < i l c \ ' o n l a l < t i i r ' [ e l h c l j r l c r l c i r i i n r i r ( ' r . r ' i , i r . l r i ] , i r -r i i -r l a l -r t l a i i i l i -r ' . l l t -r n e t l L -r n l -r , , . i t r . r l r r r l r i i : r r , i i r r t t ' r r r i t , l ' i \ { r
Y I L : 4 S A Y I : 4 3
qimdiye kadar tartrgrlan teoriler kapsilrnrnda ge-tirilebilercek dneril eri n bir baEha mahalede de-rinlerncsine ele a[nn]asr {aydaft olac:rhtrr'.
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1 0 . I l o b e r : t s o t r . I. , . S . ( 1 9 7 7 t . ( l a r ' ( l l l l s l r t ' s : I ' t ' l ' -c i e v e -c l v l l n e r a b i l i t y e r n c l r v i l i n ! l ^ I t c ) - s s t r ) i)il\ {irr ct'i'tslt p r e t e c t i o n . J o u l n a l o f . [ ] o l n l l l u t t i t ] ' ] - l e i r l t l r i ] l : ] ( i - l I I
1 1 . S v e n s o n , O . r I 9 8 1 ) . A r c u ' c l t l l l t r s ; s t ' i s l t . i ' l t l r c l m o r e s k i l l f u l t h a p O t l l f ' e l l c l q ' C l t ' i t ' t ' ' t ' s ' . ' , ' \ c l s l I ' s t ' C l l t ' -logtca, 47 . l4i.l-148.
1 2 . W i l c l e , G . . J . S . ( 1 9 8 2 t . ' I ' l r e '
l ' h c o t ' r ' o l ' l i i . l i H o r m e o s t a r s i s : I m p l i c a t i o n s { L l l s a f i r l r , l t t t r l I [ c i r l t l r . Itisk Anarl)'sis . 2.
'209-225-l i '209-225-l . A r o n s o n , '209-225-l '209-225-l . ( 1 9 7 6 ) . S o c i a r '209-225-l A r r i r r r : ! l \ \ ' l l . l ' ' r ' ( ' -e m -e n a n d C o . L I S A .
1 4 . B a l c l r , v i p , . I . D . . I l a l c l g ' i 1 r . , , . 1 r l ! | , r ( i r liC_
h a v i o r P r i n c i p l e s i n l l v e r l c l u l ' I ' ' i l e r ' I ' t ' e u 1 ic ' t : - ' l l r r l l ' l r l r l -Iervood cliffs, N.J.
1 5 . S k i n n e r . I l . I r . ( 1 9 6 9 t . C o n t i r i g c n c l ( ) s o l r ' c
-infbrcernent. Appiel.on-Centur:v-(lrofl.s. N
\-1 0 . I l r o u ' n , I , ) . I . , . ( I 9 8 2 t . N ' l a n i ' r q ' i r t g ' l i t ' l t l t v i t ' t ' t ' t l l h e , J o l - 1 . J o h r r W i l e v a t l c l S o n s . I n c . I V \ ' .
1 7 . T j u t b a L ' c I 9 . I t . G . ( l 9 8 0 ) . S o t ' i ir l l ' s * r ' r ' l l t i l o l 1 -i l n d . M o c l e r " r j - L -i f e . S e c o l r c l l l c l -i t -i o n . -i \ l f -i ' c t l r t t t r l l { r r o -i ' f .
I n c . . U S A .
ARGUMENTUM Ayhk Hukuk Dergisi
Yayrn Kurulu : Yrd. Dog. Dr. O. Grikhan Antalya, Prof. Dr. Emin Artuk, Ar:q. Grir. Funda Bagaran.
Arq. Gcir. Nurqen Caniklioflu, Prof. Dr. Ali Rrza Okur, Arg. Gdr. Mustafa $entop. Arg. Cdr'. Zevnep lisltiil.
Yrd. Doe. Dr. Kamil Yrldrnm, Yrd. Dog. Dr. Mustafa Yrldrz
Bu Saytyr Yayrna Hazrrlayanlar: Prof. Dr. Ali Rrza Okur, Arq. Gtir. Mustafa $erttop Sahibi ve Yazr iEleri Sorumlusu: Prof'. Dr. Emi.n Artul<
Haberlegme Adresi : Argumentum - Prof. Dr. Emin Artuk, Matmata Liniversitesj I{ul<uli Fahilltcsi.
81 014 Haydarpaqa, istanbul
ABGUMNNTUM
TEMMrJz-AGusros-EYlUt I 994 YIL: 4-5 SAYI t 44 ISSN 1017 - 625X
iCirqnEKILER
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