經濟發展理論之應用：印尼個案研究

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(1)~.~~~. ~~~. ~~. ~~~. ,lIn. ~~~~oo~. .. ~~ ~'**$'!;~. -\.l. ~. ~. ( ~1f1i!!'l$~-!!-·-2~$~. ) &. <~. &&&&&&~&&&&&&&&&&&~&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. ~~~~~~N.ElE I'. 1 ~g[~l:tl-@~~H;:l~~.~~~~ ~. ~~tr.(. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&~&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. m-~~. 0. 0. m1~I'ITJiJlrg[ + 11l:tl- i;tl~WJg[ + 11l:tl--e- ~ m-~I:1~ • .ljLfi ( Sukarm? ) i\!i§S:[fi ( Soeharto ) i\!i§S:[fi~*1+1. ~ ~fE~~:[fi~~~l*~ty-<~~ 8mi@m-~. Ilt{~:ti~++1. ( National Socialism) ~~'if~. ~~~. ( Walt W. Rostow) i;tl. :[fi~~~~£~~W~.~m-~~I~~:[fi~~~l~S.~~S~~~~.m-~:[fi~~.~~~~*~.~~.~:[fio. :lit~~~~~!i@>~~£~Il!J..E-~:[fi!i@>~~~~*~.~~-e-~~~~.~:[fi.1W~~. $1$l!li\!i:[fi ~~!I~~~~.~-e-~1II\$$1mI ... r~e• • ~~-e-~(~)~m-~ITJ~~~~@.oru*~~~$~~~~~·m-~~~$11il~N~.~+l:tl-K~~. ~~@.-~~~~:ti~-e-~~~~~:[fi~~~~oJ. 0. (. ~1~&~ 1~~(Ol:tl-~~§S~~~ • • • ~:[fir¥ • • • J!i@>.~~ • • •N~~~~~~a~~~~~~.~l:tl*~~~Wijj:>111l!4H:~*\lIiJ!IF~ • # . ~}--.:illlGJ;~~:[fi~}i;~~ 1;11.~ Andre Gunder Frank ) ~rni~" r ~~~~ ( underdevelopment ) -l*~~l*~~ ( undevelopment ) -~l*~lEl.~ ( ~~-e- ) ~~:[filEl111l1Ha:;~~ .. fE~lEl.~~:j::l~~~~W-e-~*1+1.~~.~i\!iIES~~:[fi~~I~1~ " J (§. 0. ¢. i !!i~41!i'--Ill:1~fli~~;"fli~£~4r:1i' Golayl:lI:Economic nationalism' *~{~m-~~j:(~~~~~£~~ LR I ~:g • 1i,(~£~l\I!I$oger a.Freeman· 1:II:;.+j.Hm*~t4:crr~;'ff~i:;ll#+~1l!i~:Eti;'ff~ .{lID(.Ll • l#+~~~£m\!Il 1i$l.(ll;t\1 11i~~:;!\!I(i~~:gj~~· ~Ii-\ll,!11i1li!. tlll¥-~1l!i~hfiS~~:g;~lII:f~~m\!I. ~. :l;\:i8. • i:;l*-P<~11:1i;1..~~~.m:!jI:if 0 tl@ Rostow, walt w., The Stages 0 f Ecorwmic growth, Cambridge: Cambridge Uninersity Press, 1960, p. 126. :!l;j@ *ll&llllol'ru:;.;m Io'rank, Andre Gunder, "The Development of Underdevelopment", im Rhodes, Robert 1., ( ed. ) , Imp!rialism and Underdevelopnent, New York and London:nonthly Review Press, 1970, p. 9.. ___". _.<--- ........._.. _. <_.< ....... .... ". •. ....... "'-.1--....... . .1"' .• __. _. .... ,. _. ........ i~_ ..a. ........ \.,~_ ...."',",'_...r.LJ~\/ftJ .../!.lrr=T~.botl.t::. ...1'-t """'_ I"""""'I.fili'n'~;. t. ...-.-_J.. -. -"'.. ~. -. -. ~.. -' .... i;tl*~-e-~ :!:;:~:[fi\lliJ!I1;I1~m-~~1:::\~El+l1l:tl-:[fi~}i;~~~ ~#~~~ • • ( Moderniyation Theory) IES~;:.~. ~~~~• • • ~.~~~~~:[fi~~.~~~*~*-e-~~~.~~~*~~:[fi~~~~~.m~~~~*~~~~ r~~ITJ~~~Nl*~~~~~,.~~.~~~~~~.~mi~.-e-~~~~~~~~-<Ilt{~~~.m~~~oJ h~.

(2) ~. N l-\~u\. I. W.,. ... r., ( ed.. The Sta{!!s 0 f Economic g-owth, Cambridge: Cambridge Uninersity Press, 1960, p. 126.. 1.tllI:l.~~~~-m-«11fd:. :H;j@) Rostow, walt -Iottral1l;gr;r;{!!! Frank, Andre Gunder, "The Development of Underdevelopment", im Rhodes, Robert New York and London:nonthly Review Press, 1970, p. 9.. ) , Imp:.rialism and Underdeveiopnent,. ~~~~.~~~.~~~~~~~~am~~*~~tr~~~.~~~~~~~Q~~~~.~~~~~*~~~~. Theory) ~~~e ~ ~. r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~~tr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oJe ~*«tr ~ :s;:~~~m~crr~!H::l~gr + 11ll:1-~~~~~ ~ :F,il#~~~Ml~ (Moderniyation. #~~Ml~~~~~o~~e~~~~~tr~~~~~~~~~~~.~~$~~~~~~~~~~~tr~~~~~~~~. 1 ~t;i! ~. ~+l1Fln~~~~tr~~~~~~~~~-3j~. 0. ~~q~!q. 1 $Ml~*~e~. ~~~~~~~~*~~n~~~~~~.~~~~.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~~~~~~ ~ -H~~-H~~~<-!:1jj[-~$':lit~IEl~.qCL$:S;: ~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~~~o. ~~. 0. ~.~. ~~~. 1~11-\Jl:!:!-~~. .rm.~~~{nm~(fr~~ ~ ~. 0. 1 ~~:t:~.. :\;tJ.!Lm:~crr~~~~~~. 1~gr~. ~ ( police action) ~ ~$Ill~~. ~ ,'Q:l~~grl:!:!-~~.fI\!.i!fK~~~~\Wtr~~. r ~~~.t:::iiit J. 1Illj( ~~~~~~*~1+1.~ llli:\%-!+1.. ~~J!?~-33'{!!! Frank, Andre Gunder, "Sociology of Development and Und. 0. ~ gr+ll:I-~crr~-<~I£~~#!. ~~~~~::t\~. 0. grl:!:!-~~{4< ~ ~~~~~~.qCL~~$<~~~:\1f;JL.~~~. ~ ~.~ 0. 0. *«~~.~crr~.~~~~~~~~~~~~ • • ~Ml~~~~~• • o.~.til.~*crr.~.Ml.~.~~~. 1 ~grt-Rl:!:!-<ar::+-\Jtn-tn*~ml~~~~11H<~-~ml%-.1~. ~,~~~~~s~~~~~~,~~~~~. ~~~~-3j:s;:~~~crr~~~~~~~.IEl~~~m~~eo. crr~~ ~iiitiii! ~ ~~~~~.~Jl;'f~~~~~ ~. ~~~tmfr~crr~~!1l~$'~ ~ ~~~• • ~crr~ ~ ~~crr~~~~.~~~~~. 1t'!! ~. ~~~~~crr~~~nt.1~~'!+1~~.. 1 ~111. 1 11 Ol:!:!-~m1l§:~~~1I<m1crr~~~~~~~~~~~~li£:~~~~.qCLH:S;: ~. crr~.1~~~~~ln~~~:\;tJ.!Lm:~~~:\;t~~~~ ~ 11$~~~~~Ml4r~~~.~+l1F~li£:. l:!:!-+11ar::l1+-\Jtn~.~ur~~-!+1.~ ti~ur~i<\t~~if$.~~~~. ~ ~~. ( Indonesian nationalist Party ). .+l1F~$~~~( charisma) ~~~~~:\%-!+1.~~~fE~~ ~crr~~llli.. tllJ.!Lm:~~~Ml4r~~li£::lit~il1R 111 :;j:l~~~~~#! ~. -\3111. 1Ii~ll!ir May, Brian, The Indonesian Tra{!!dy, Singapore: Graham Brash ( Pte) Ltd., 1978, pp. 5. erdevelopment of Sociology", in CatalYlt, 1967 Summer, p. 73 'iIIlt'1n'::;ijn~!(Hlljl~~~IIiI!I-)jg.Hll!I~~~l!!l~IIi':[;~~~~· ~lE:I !)jg~~~;!i$~*,ffii.1+<~. tl9 -IotJ!?1l;gr;r;{!!! Chilcote, Ronald II., Theories ofComJXlrative pllitics, p. 284. 1i[·-Iot.p..:~*,IiE":M111~.'. 3-70.. tl@ ~~l#.J.jLW~lltcrr~-<ag~~t!I<DmI-~~DmI-:lii~jli:~!.'Wl· ~~~~!l!:\I-N~a±:" crr~l~P~\)H~~ .

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(4) -- .._... ... ..... ~ .................J .. """''"'p............. OU"'J.;;:tJ.~ ".J.~ u.'CCv- o.~. Hllpunoant economic activities from alicn to indigenous control. J ~------.t-'-~ Frank... -H.Go/ay,et aI., Underckvelopnent and Economic nationalisim in Southeast Asia, Ithava: Cornell University Press, 1969,p. 18.. 0. 0. crr~~~~+<~~~.1:;:;j~~.~.~ 1 ~:m'~~.~*+1~~~ ~ ~\¥J$lJ;\g4li!~.-<~+<*'l<~ • • ~~~nII!(. ... cr~g:~~-l;t:! 11~+<1f~Bi:~~~g: r l!il!lUlI~~~ J -·:!:+HJa11~lE+t1~~$lE)§j.>;g:.~~~ ~ ~*~IE+t1~~*Hilil!g:H~ilil!lJEl ~ .~~{ntt!tllr~l!il!lUlI~~~ .. r.~l!il!l~.~.~~~~e • •$~$.~~~~ • • ~.~I.**+t1.~Q.€~l!il!l~ • • ~~~.~~~~~ l1t~tr.(~~ J {ntt!tllr~. I $~~~.~~~$~ ( Boeke, Julius Herman ) $!.~.crr~~~UII.~~~ r ~\l!Hl1~~ J ( Dual Eco ~~) • • ~+t1~~~l1t~~~*H~ • • ~ • • *~.)§j.>;.r~.J~r.&Jft~~~UII~ • • • • H.ft~~~4~~ +t1.~~~.*~~o©~~.@crr~i.~~*H~.~'~~ • • • • ~~~ • • • o crr~.~.H.~~~ • • ~ • • ~.~~\l!Hl1~o.\l!Hl1H • • • ~&~~11-1~ •• ~~$.~~.~ UII~e~ . $• • lllllf~.~ o@~~{ntt!crr~~ 1 ~lIi\iH.+<,jfcI$$.~.-<~ ft. ~~~-W.~~-<O~~ ~ 11~.1L~~tT·~~.t1/:!Il. ~-<~~~tllr. 0. Im~~-l;t:! ft. 0. 1 ~g[OJ:j:f-tllrf«crr• •<-:tliii' (Anglo-Indonesian Plantation Ltd. ) ~i!nJrM1il!l!P)JL$lJ;\g11lm·l(+ i1\¥J.:cl*m;: 1 ~1( OJ:j:f-tllrrrJ~ • • l ilm 1 I+l-R~crr~-<~+·l( ~~!lm-< il\¥J~~~-f::'I~~.. Hcrr~~~~~~~-<~~.crr~~~~~~o~~.~~~~~.~.lllllf~.~~.~~~~@~~~~~crr~-<~~~ .~~~~~Hll~*. <~~.-<~l-R+l-R~m-~-< ~ft~~+<~~~!lm~.~~~o@. 0. 0. New Haven and London: Yale Unive. 1>(1imil!i1i~) ~~~li[ " ~~g:4;In~~±li'ill¥!i'lg:.llJ!t~!i1illb~&::Jl#!$!;!m'l1~a~i'iIl'l\I~. 1850~I980,. -l;t:!.lllllfH.~~.~~1!±;-L1crr~~~HEt--,+<~~.~~~~.i:;:;j~.w;Ii£:~~ O$I~H. ( Import.Substitution Industr ialization, lSI) ft 1i~!lnlH~ . ~~H. ' \{r:!!H • • ~~rl!;/~-K:$lE*~~~H • .JlI!~~rm~ ~t--,~:\tt~\¥J~li~*lH.~ «~~m-~~~~~~HE.~~~~*~.~~~~.~• • ~.*NH.ftS.~4li! • • ~.~ • • ~~-l;t:!~~.tllr • • 1 ~${~crr~~~~B~HiQI • •~\¥J~crr~~~:~Hf!~:111~~.~-l;t:!.1:;:;j~~~~~~~@¢J~+t1fB[ ~:!1~" )§j.>;~~i§:. 1 $.!~a:cg: (. Reynolds Lloyd george, Economic growth in the Third World,. 1>(1Imi!~1!~) i4H~rn:Kl1;l:i1!Ii\l!:~!i1i~g:4;In~· ~;!l11ji!.. ~5:~~~il!r~8-I1'!;!g::!i;:;\l:!. i:?~::li!:. ~. [. rsity Press, 1985. pp. 357 ~363. $~g: 0. -\-lf8. g:!i1illbll~ jI(:~f;E1j;j:~~::li!: Freeman, Roger A., op. cit., pp. 7 '-""'8. ~~~1j;j:1'!'J!i$.::li!: gilpin. Robert, The Political Econom.yo{ International Relations,. Princeton: Princeton Uninersity Press, 1987. pp. 66--67, 81 '-""'82.. .. arllfl$HI~~$~. Wong John, A SEAN Eonomices in Perspetiue, Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1979, p. 58.. Golay Anspack. Pfanner, Ayal, Underdevelopnent and Economic Nationalism in Sortheast Asia, p. 135.. ~~~OOlfI!tl:jj!N~m:::.

(5)

(6) ~. ••. ~ ~.~1P<~. Suharto) ~. l!iiII4oil=nr>{!Jl Morgam, Theodore, & Spoelstra, Nyle ( eds. ) , Economic InterdeJ:l!ndence in Souutheast Asia, Madison & London: Ble University of Wis consin Press, 1969, p. 398.. ~ Golay et, aI., p. 198.. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -m~t.1t~~~m-~.f:\1lt~~~lli[~~~ ~. H=1l:!t~m::lI1+m~J.jL:li~~.j;t:i 1 ~:\:1(1:Ii1:!.~:l:K~~~1!-1l!l!:.f:\~$I:!1i! ~ @-mt.1t~~~. (general 0. 0. Partai Kommunis Indonesia, P.K.I.) ~ t.1t~~~.~-!lII~~~~~ ~ ~)gIf:\~~~ ~. ~~. ~ \.111~m-~3l;!!!-<~ 1 ~~t.1tJ.jL:li.j;t:i~~j:lt+<l*i:lf[~it~ "k:~~.~t.1tJ.jL:li~m-~:\:1~1:Ii1:!. (. ~~lli[~~~$~~~H=1~~D~~I~~J-!lII~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-!lII~~~~~1l!l!:t.1t~~it~ ~~ll!I;!~:ttl0. 0. ~~ (. Heiny Arndt ). .. ~~it~1:Ii1:!~t--.. :JllDl:ll!~ 1 ~·1(Kl:!titm-~~~·~!t= 1. 0. ~W1.~~llJlmi.~~~D~~~~~~ ~. t.1t~~it~~~~ll!I;!~4Q~.~~l*~~~~ ~ ~W1~+<~.m-~~.j;t:i~1!l+$tl:!t~~.++1.41:(~~!lf~$$~~~~1:Ii1:! ~~.~. ~~~t!f:~~~~."'~_~~~~~.~mf ~ .j;t:im!~1I\!!!. ~~M:;. J (New Order). 0. @. ~ $l~ll!D(~~H~~~~~~lt(. 0. .j;t:i~~ll!D(~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~nl"~. ~~~~~~~~~~lmi~~~.~~~~~.j;t:i~~l:!t*I~l*~~~~~oJ~. I. 1,n~1!!~~~~.~~i!:~~~t--.m-~:\:1'1:Ii1:!.~lit{~:l:K~~t.1tJ.jL:li~1-'-'1[1 t.1t~~~'1lJ~l'S~ ~. ~. 0. 0. (. Q. 5O~55.. ¢. 278~285. .~~. 1110~~~t.ll;:~!i!~Ji1ll!;i~mI!i+tl.liIlI·t:l.gp);t'!~lmtml!i~.~lR~ ••Jjt..m'''~~~.i!!l~~m'\i'!',Ii;!:i.~!il'i! I limImI1>! 1 $1:1/- :RIK1I!!Il':iIl!::ilIIH;:li;!:i~jS~~-!l ~~.i!!l-l;Yml!ill'*~~I).:I limIiiii 1 ~~Ol!!-~rn:: I 1+ 1 m~.1l8U.". (Washington Post) • .!I!._lIi.W~f.Uil;:~~• • • w!~W~~JI!!I~IKIIIII{lUl.~tIi. It-Jlil#lIlI!• •~.iittf-lfrle1liB1-~ Far Eastern Economic Review, Aug. 2, 1990, p. 18) 1ii!t1UI~ti:f.~!?5 ••I!l Mody, Nawaz, B., Indonesia Suh arto, New York: APT Books Inc., 1987, pp. 1--65. ~.ilii~ti:f.~.~_.-K~• • •~~m IKIIIIIW1tllllrlii IlIiIIiliilfrle1il.n!!-K~IJI::fl!· ~Iii':\I!!!M"¥-ti.i-_HIfrIe1~:1g.:I«• •€ : t!.ffl.· ~IEWf.Fl ,~~ +.III-~IKIIIII;f::*<ti:f.~~Ui!#I.+:Rle!~ .ar-- I i::!f.Fl<.III-M==_ ( Sumatra) • • • :gj~IKIiBl-W4lI.~lDI1I~lli!~iI:<!/t!!.@ • Mi!II!' !f!_• •IS*If'l1l. .i- Mody, Nawaz 8., Indonesia under Suharto, New York: APT Books Inc., 1987, pp.. lI/I:lf:ij..:tt:· .I!l Kwitny Jonatham, Endless Enemies: The Makingof An Unfriendly World, New York: Viking penguin Inc., 1984, pp.. ~. w.mt!.:gj:8'.Ill~.tn!-'-· CIA. o. .l;l.l;l. ~ iii'iIIl Robison. Richard, "Resisting Strutural Adyustment: Conflict over Industrial Policy in Indonesia" in Carlsson, Jerker, & Shaw, Timothy M ( eds, ) , Newly Industrializing Countries and the Pelitial Economy of Seuth, South Relations, London: The Mac Millan Press LTD., 1988, p. 250. ~:t.t.I~iIIl Arndt, Heing, "Economic Disorder and the task ahead", in Tan, T. K. ( cd. ) Sukamo's guided Indonesia, Brisbane: Jacasand, 19. 67, p. 130.. . &~~~I:t{~. ~ Freeman, Roger A., op, cit., p. 79.. ~ff.!;*~"~-N.m::.

(7) ~.~~~. ~~~. ~~~. ~~~~oo~. ~<. I ~'I(,1(l:!t-§-mI$~+t1~)gIf:::~@~{l~dii!~\lillll~~~itt. ~ ~rn:j~. o crr~i%<~~ 1 ~K -tJl:!t-~~~~~~'i;l:1 ( Foreign Investment Law) ~ ITlI!lS§"i;l;i~~~~~~-5T~~3!.!f!'~~~B1~-< ~~~~ifjtiH~ o@~'i;l:1~~~~ 1 ~K<l:!t--5T~i%<~~~~'i;l:1~.~~~crr~-<i;l;i·R> nR 1 f:::1§~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~.t:. 1 ~*~~ ~ ~~j:.RUPIAHliid$!m=;:<1[Im~~:l;1tt~~ ~ d¥if.$~-5T~~~~$}1~~~~~~..y~ o@. ilml~~~~l:tii%<~amfL-~~.m~~~~ ~ -5T~i%<~.rm 0. 0. 1. $hll&-<~~i;l;i1E~.rm~mW~rtr>11WJ;:1I~~. iiftI~~~~~~:liI~ )gIf:::~~@~~~1::;J I ~~~i%<~~ ( Inter- governmental group on Indonesia) ~ ~*-5T~~.::e~ ~~~~~~.!¢!~~~ ~ ~~~~g~1!!~~..yN~~ffitmWlt>:f:::I§\Oii!ifL-~1l!!Jog ~~$H.t: (World Bank) ~i;l;i$lK~~~ -lim-jfL-+<.~~-5T~ o@~~~~~~~~\l!Ill1~:ttittt'~*«i;l;i-5T~~ 1 ~l-Rl:!t-itt. ( I ~K~~-tJg[) ~.lQ:B\l!Ill11nl!~l-RO;:;R.tI ~.::e* o@nR I f:::1§ ~ *.rm~~g~~~~~~mJ!;!crr~~++1~~-< ~ i;l;i 1 ~'I(~"-tJ+..ittl:!t-~ ~ ~~.lQ-5T~~-<~fm:tzNl1 -tJ ~ ~WJ:B* 1 ~m=;:<1 ',<11l:!t-~~.lQfm:tzN+l1 o~ ~~i:HWJ;:I]~@~~~~I!!i~.~-5T~~ ""-5T~I1!J1~g1-t;I:i!~*«~H<~~~~ 0. 0. m-~~)gI~~~~'1tl11lt~f«~ ~ :ll.-K~~~m. 0. @11WJ~mW~~~m*l!$'l:!t-I!!i~~~+~i1iK!~$-5T~~++1~ ~ ~ 1 ~. 0. g.I\Il!Il~E~H~N 1 ~W~l!l§~m*~*«~crrfL-t-.~+<g'A\+K d~crr~~~~111[ ~ ~ 1 ~K-tJ~ 1 ~<~l:!t-m*<~~i;l;i-5T ~~~t-.-tJ+l1~$lKl~ ~ .lQ~~~~~crr~~~~fm:tzNl1l-R~g[ ~ ilI$lmJ~~11:l;1~'!!~11+-tJ~$lKl~ ( fm:tzN~~K) , 1 ~$lKI~ ( fm:tzN-tJ~ 1 ) d~qDI!:~+II]~$lKI~ ( fm:tzNg[ . l-R o®i;l;i~~tl!ll!~ 1 ~m*~*<i!!lI~IR" r I ~. :l!1K~~11. .{1:l~tf;\<1tl~-5T~#iI\~~:tlt~~~t!1\iamJ!;!!fI~\l!Ill1~~ J. 0. < <m=;:~Ol:!t-~ ~ crr~~m=;:~ 1 fmlI1+~$lKI~~~~ ~ *«tl-m*.lQt-.l.;H-d crr~~:ll~~if~~~mJ!;!i1iK.i;l;i:;t~1;t¥if~~~1l!Il-5T~~++1~~1I\lfE ~. :f;I;i@ jl;rlliat~£~f!;;l[ijl!j!-- $!i![ Pangestu, Mari,"Economic Policy Reforms in Indonesia," The Indonesian Quarterly, N.XVII, vol. 3, pp. 218~233.. Ibid.. :11m. M .. 1988, pp. 29 30.. ~ Robison, Richard, "Resisting Structural Adjustment:Conflict over Industrial Policy in Indonesia," in Carlsson Jerker & Shaw, Timothy. .. 0. 0. 0. ~ Suryadinata, leo, & Siddque Sharon. (eds). Trends in Indonesia II "Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1981, pp. 8-9. nRl!t Robison ~1!lI(~. ~*-I:!;I~.~ I !!i!!!-Rl!ti;;;:tIiIlt· 1i!i:t:1!lI(*~.l.Qi:ii\4-111 12R-N*,' !Ill( Robison, Richard, op. cit 1988, pp. 29~30. ~ Robison, Richasd, op, cit, 1988, p. 30.. Far Eastern Economic Review, Sept. 27,1990, p. 58.. =. :W§ Ibid., p. 56 1ir~£~:i!~m*.:gl(.l!l!I- mliiiElI:.l$-~.\!;<'t:Jii,*,Ii:~:$:I!IiJ§~tll*:g;;.l!l!I:t:l _ Ibid., p. 67.. l!!.!~:ii*<~ ~ .1(EIl-~:II~f~:nif!t-.U$ii.~"Il~:!tI-l!*:~~~~ ~ ~WJlIl:i\?~~if.J...j~lE!~{am~.$lK.i;l;i!i[~#iI\~1;t¥if~m ~nRlif~~ o~Si;l;i 1 ~Kl-Rl:!t-d~~-5T~.+<:lfl~~~ ~ ~mW~~ffit~~ 11+~$lK1~ ~ *«ITlI~ 1 f:::l§mW~~)gIf:::~~iIin. .--'l1lI. .,..,.

(8) ""'01. Fur Lasrern J',conomlc Review, Sept. 27, 1990, p. 58.. ar[Q?:g;:J,i;I;@Wim*~iz«I!IiIIIJil1i • i\li;illltilll!lf.t-!:l!!!<(I.#Ii::f;;i:$;@~Wim*:g;:liiHiI~:t':l. Ibid., p. 56 Ibid., p. 57. 0. ~ = 0. li:tI~~*<~ ~ ~'l<m-liIt~P<$lfjje~~~~.g...~~lll!!lht:l:!.~~~~ ~ i1l,l!/lIi~$f.~.J...j~!BI~{hm~.~.i:tiIi!lI!f'~~il!rii~ffi. 0. 0. (. ' 1%<)jgtJ;:iIi '. .. :ti~~. ~~jp , ~~$'~1i:\*~~~~$:&i!li!iAA ~ .aJ~~ilit~fL-~~~fl. ~~~~:fIRtl-~nN:nN:ll¢{P<~. ~~mll®t. ~.~. 0. J@. , ~=~~. ~~(~~ ~:ttl:&i~J;:1ll!:. '. ~IlR~~~ @tll\s;-Ril ~,i( K=!.l:!t-~~lffi~8"~.+<~~ilit~ ~ ~~~~ffit~~ II +~~1~ ~ ~lJII:&i 1 ~)g~~~)gI~~~~. -R ~ IlR 1 ~f5~~<-=1E~~tl-:l=K-Ri8"~:&ii;::-R o~lE~!li!-Ri1 ~K=!O.l:!t-:J;:::;E(~I:t~~P<~~~~:&iIim~1%<~ ( containment) N~. ~~~ John Lewis Gaddis ) ~~~~~iAA{~~nN: ( National Security Council ) -Ri!li!~&l~~' :ti~~ (Joh ( Allen W. Dulles ) \s;*,-4tI~fL-:&illS1i:\ ... n F. Dulles ). r ( ~~). ~~fl .~ ~:\ll::iIII-EH$:l~tl-I:t~~*l(1:!lll+H.~.N!li!iAAtl-:iS~:l=K~!t> "i!:R~:ttl:&i:lliit.~~J;:iIi·~. 8"~~l~K=!O.l:!t-:J;:::~<O.l:!t-:J;:::~~~I~~m~,tll~m*:iS~ilit*~:\ll::~~~:&i~~°-Ri~~1%<~~)g~tll~~~. 0. :J;:::1ll!:~~~~-Ri~~~~~~~~:iS~~°tll~~~~$1%<:&i~K=!.l:!t-I~$~~~~:ttl:iS~~1%<~~~~~.~~~~~~ 0. 0. -Ril ~'1( -tJ14l11 ~ -tJ 1 1.l:!t-m!: ~ 8"~:iS.l:!t-J;l-W!li!~*H1:!lllI1fl_ ( GDP ) ~~1l&1ll!: 1O?:f: ~ lE.l:!t-~W~$n:~~1l&~~~1ll!:'](?:f: ®~.$H~1%<~$Jit~-Ri~ o.:J;:::H,** ( lSI ) :&i~~.Lj ~ ~~H,**1i!t1g:&i~ o'-_.l{]~~~ o'-_:&i 1?:f:+!:lW a 1 ~-tJlI1.l:!t-:&i}{r~~~~~1l{~8"~~~IXIlmll~-RfE~~4IT~.:&i~~ 1!m~~~*:iSiil-RlE111iI ~ ~~:ttl:&i~~1%<~~~. .:&i~~~~~e8"~:&i~.~~+<~.~~1%<~~~~:&i~~.~~~~~:lliit.~*au.+<-R~~~~°-Ri~~~fL-~. 0. 1 ~-R. ~. ~-Ri;E(. !li!~~~~:&i$I(~~~~~ ~ ~~~~:iSDI1r*1t*~~~~$n:~~ ~ 8"~:&i~$n:~~*~ 1 ~-tJ 1.l:!t-:&il1 ?:f:~~~ 1 ~-tJll1.l:!t-:&i 11-tJ?:f: ~ ~ 1 ~-tJg[.l:!t-:&ill1111?:f: o@1n,!!}~e~~t>( 1~1(O.l:!t-:J;:::~~-!K$l:l:ttl~$n:~~N*-\ll:&i8"~-<~+<1ll!:~~ IlR 1 ~f5 ~ ~~:ttl:&i~~1%<~~~~+<~'-:&i8"~tl--E-<-=1~1!1tr;E(m)!.! 1 I!.~:&i~. a ~*I:t~~1%<~~1ltfEe~*H~~~ :&itl--E-<-=1,**-Ri~*:&i.~~-RfL-+<~'-al!1~~~~I!l:&i~~ ~ lEi\!!l~IItl--E-<-=1,**iAA~*~~:\ll::tll~~.Lj4n:iS. ~~*~tll~~~~~~~~~~H,**,~~~~~~*.~om*:iS~*HH~~~8"~.~~~~~~:iS~~~~+<~~. Gaddis, John Lewis, Strate gies of Containment Oxford & Now York: Qxford University Press, 1982, p. 158. :;:fffil\ru:;1;l;Iiiii!ml!ili1!(~~{%iM4+l~ 1 ~fi::i g:g;: ~ru:;. ~.JlII NSC 5412, March 15, 1954, pp. 2~3.. Ibid., p. 238.. ~lIi"iP~' .!lar~. R., Southeast Asia: Past & Present, Boulder & San Francisco: Westview Press, 1989, pp. 238~239.. ~. ~. i!I(~~~.JlII Pangestu Mari, op, cit., p. 220, table.. ~ Sar Desai, D.. :W:® Ibid.,. : _.. ~. ~. ~. ) , op cit pp, 101 ~1l6.. ~::ISar[Q?4:tl:;:fl!!r§:~lI!*iI!l'f:g;:~!:)5lii!l(~· l!%\@: Salim, Emil, "Trends in the Indonesian Economy" in SUrgyadinata, Leo, & Siddique, Sharon ( eds.. -\J~. ~. ~~~~Mlf.i-N~HE"ar~l!!!!~m~.

(9) I. ~~~~~. ~~~. ~oo§. ~~~~oo~ 0. ~4:ti:E!~.jtt!- ~. <0. 0. -< ~ ~~~crr~-< 11H:1fi*-H H:.tl. 1 ~lItIl*~1fE1$~'it(~~~~~. ~tIll~~.jt~~*'~ crr~1%<~\ImIl~~Jie~~t15. 1 ~-\J51~.$tIl*:j!m~EEtHIl1:~~crriilrf)ti!H:tll~~mtjt 0. ~-\Jl11 '-\J51~~51+~~~:i~Ht~@:. i ~-\J 1 ~-\Jl11~:1fi*~+'. .. ~~'$J~ 1 ~-\J-\J~it~@:ln'~~\;(~~+ li!K-;J:l·HtJ!l'*'.~. ~-\JK,*-\J-\J~~11+~~ 0. 1. ~itAA. 1. OR 1 -R1a~~~~~j!1%<~*.{1:;!~~ ~ ~\!!!~lI1%<~.ijtJ~-KlJ!$!!t1n![~zt:~1l!l-,*$!:!Jie~~:!$~IHl!l- ~ ~~~~~:!$~N~~1l!l-~. :E!~~~~~~lifr~~:!!~~~1%<~. :E!i1!IW~. o. ~. crr~:1fi~~~~4:ti:E!I!!~~~~j!~~1%<~JL-1~~\;(~@:~~1n. 0. ©. 51@: 1. ~~n$~@:. 1. ~-\J-\J~~. 1. ~~111. ( krakatau stee. 0. ~ ~\!!!liil~~crr~4:ti:E!iilr~~~~~~'f+1I§l:1;~~:!;e. :1fi~.:!;elg~1H1IHII-K:1fi!lm~H:.tlttt. ~ ~\!!!.ijtJ~~~JfL~.H~. crr~i%<~~~~AA~tE~~1%<~'f+1~~~~Ill:l~~ '*-H~ (Economic Nationalism). ( pertamina ). 1~ ~. 1 ~K<~~51~ 1. ~-\J51@:-\J-\J~~K·~~~M.~~1l!l-$.'it(ln'.o~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~ • • • • ~o~ • •~crr~li!K~. 1. ~:1fi~1n![~~. #JJ:l,*,.~±l1l!l-~ ~ @crr~1%<~~~li!lJtll!I~:!;e<~1iii'. 0. 1. ~-\JO~~crr~1%<~~~~lg~.-K~~~\ImIl~~.\SI~-m1%<~:¥!!!~$;!H~. r .li!~Ill:l J ~ttt.. (>. 1) '.~H:.tl~.~~§~-K~:!;e~o@~~11H~~~~~4:til~~O~~~'it(~W~*'1%<~~~~$~~~±~~.~. tKclit. 0. 1. ~-\JK~~ljl1l(~'it(. 1. jm~~~$<lg ~ ~fiH~#JJ:l~. \ <O~~.$~\;(~AAlIl!f.~~.$ K4:ti:1fi~.~~*,'f+1~iIl!lt-K1%<~~~!¥2~~~ ~ !lmlJtll!I~:!;e<~ ( Lt. Gen. Ibnu Sutowo ) ~:jnj(~~*,li!$r<-tl:.tl~ljl1l(.-< 1 ~rd'iI~~am!-• .t!:i ~ :!!~~.~~~~~,~~~ ~. crr~1%<~~~iIl!ltttt.4:ti Iiii'~~~.~~. **~~1IlrH~~l!1~~IHnm1llDl( ~ ~~~crr~~~~~~~~!lmlJtll!I~~<~Iiii'4:ti ~o~~.~~.~~1%<~.~~~~~~~~~o@ ~. ! !O~jm!;:o. ~. 0. ASEAN in a ChanginyPa. cejic and World Eonomy, Canberra: Australian National University Prees, 1980, pp. 207-240. :\\\\!JI6~lII)!!1l!I-:l£$ili!l~!:: :gjjm!;:-lijl;:< . <. 1{l:fi1i!:l£:Jji!lli~. -!!J!:mli(Wi:~~ Anwar, M. Arsjad, "Trade Strategies and Industrial Development in Indonesia", in garnaut, Ross ( ed. ),. ~iI1\i~~$:~I!\#!I1+~~' ll:I-J;i-:\:\'t'!!I$:~1!\1l!I-lI!!l'l!. :W@ ~lIlil: Salim, l<~ni1. op. cit., p. 103. ~li!l Brian May 1'!IT • ~\!!IIIl!llcrr~-<llElI'~1I! !lG~*jI!\Hili~iI1\i:itlt*,~:IlI*i!Jl:l£ITI!:l£ • 1;\t~ May Brian Op, cit., pp. 304 - 307. j;jj~ ~lIlil: Wawn, Brian Tie Economics of the ASEAN Countries, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982, pp. 12 ~15. If!li!i~.*~· crr~~{:!i:.J;!:l1 ~..\.JOll:l. =. .0. 0. 0. 0. 11-llt:lii*{tf,K+<~:lftK1F; @:[Jfl:lii~Jil!I!W 1 ~<11-llt. I ~< l1.ur:&i-K~~~I5im-~~"It:ffii"~0R 1 ~t;::. .~:lii:;ii!IF;~r< I ~!§~tI!lt@:[Jfl:lii§[~~fI>{~. ~. li\l;:~ May, Brian, opcit. p. 381. :itlt);l;!\J;&~~*,~{I~d!~:l£~!ii'~II1i!I+<~j!crr~-<b!5~~:l£· ~~\J;&~ I ~-tJ·I(ll:I-lllrn:::lI1Dl.jj,f.· ~lE~-N:l£iii£II1i!IJR I ~~. ~. Ibid., Chapter 7, pp. 215 -234.. Robison S::~~~**~crr~:l£:\\\\!JI6~ti!* li\l;:~ Robison, Richard, op. cit, p. 32. Ibid., p. 33.. ~. IBft:@.-I:ti. ~:lii~fI>{1H 1 ~<O'< 1-llt:lii~$!il1+ 1~:lftK1F;~mll ~<11. ~~1Il1!mll1JmgJ+gJ~:lftK1F; ~ #~~~..Li~-k'~ o~llR 1 -It:>l!iif ~ ,t;:;..IT~~.tE~lC>1.lI1r,*,J:'>.l::i:L.,;;e1r-1Ih1~1:!\t_ V!l:<;JJI&m(-=l:;,:iJ~n17JJ.l'.

(10) :!t1@ . ~na;. .'. May, Brian, op cit. p. 381.. :W.@ Ibid., Chapter 7, pp. 215 -234.. jI:~lti~jI:~~t%:l%~~$lIi$1mf.\'-K~~crr~-<~~lR~· jI:~lti~! -K4·l.l(~lilm::lllm&!,,:' ~lE~-N:g;;Jfimf.\'1lR I ~~. 0. 0. lII:~~l!!Ht:! 1 ~< l1J:tt-~·K~~_llI\!(~m-~~tlt:iiit.~llR 1 l1j1~. .~:ifi~n-~~r< 1~1I!i~m@~~#><~. ~ !ili'J ~~:lfi~+I><-rn 1~<O'-< l-lil:-:!fi~~11+ 1 ~:ffiKl~~W11 1'-<111-lil:-:!fi41€:{t+K+<~:ffiK1l::~ om-llfl:lfi~itll l-lil: ~~1nl!W111)mgr+gr~:ffiKl~ ~ #~~~..y~+<~ o~llR 1 -Jt::J§ ~ a~~~~~~$¥-R*j$lt:.~.+<~I(~~~flI1~ 1 ~-1W}mltl:i£i~~ ~ .J;tl~Itl~~~a~~~t:!(!;!;;:l!t~I\j~~~~~ ~ ~ +«-!:l~!E[1l!.~~.t§1Dtt.~~~~. r :!l!!!l!l$H~~. llR I -Jt::J§ ~ fim~~~ $~~ (Jeff Frieden) ~. 0. ~~~~~~~a~~~:i£i~-R~llI\!(~~~~~~:i£i~~!E[~Nl oa~~~~~~~~~~l • .J;tlI~~O~~~~. 0. ~<$1~~~:!l!!!~l~.H~~~ ~ jn,!iJtc:'~r;)~*~H~~fim~<-!:l~$l:i:Jie:i£i~~ ~ ~4[!~~OH~~~rmlE. <-:Jjjii'~~~:!l!!!=~-lJl!::~~~~:i£ifim(ll!I~OH~.~ ~ !E[~~~~~~~~"~~:i£i. 0. 0. ( indebted industrialization ) *~i~~ItlH~~~:i£i.11:\ o@ In,!iJItl.11:\~~ 1 ~<O~~.$~~:W:~~*1n~ ~fim~~it01*!l1~~:i£i~~1l€\1Jt.~~~~~~-\!>( ~ ~~fim~:i£i~I~.~ ( Federal Reserve, Fed. ) ~1nI!~tt:~~~~:llt~I~~~ @1nI!~1W-~.Li~~e~~a~~~l!l$~~~~. ~ ~~i\Ii~. .nm: ~~~~€fim~<$1 ..~~~~~ft~~~o. 1 ~~llI\!(~fim~~. .J;tl~~:i£i~-R~~a~~~~I~<O~~tr~~:W:~~~~~~:i£i~~o~tr~~~I~llI\!(a~~~.J;tl~~~~~<$1 "~~~~lt:~~-R~~~~-33 O\ll!f~€~H~~~ ( Export Oriented Industrialization, EOI) ~ ~. .~<$1.~~~~~.~~~§~=- • • ,~~,~~.,~.-~.~.~~!E[o=~~~~• • *.,a~*~~~. 1 ~KK=i14l11 ~«~~:W~~~~~\ll!f}m::ttN§~111 ~ ~m!lI[. ~N~~~~!E[~a~~~I~~~~~~-330,.~~~~~,~~~~~~~~~~'~~~~-\!>(-33~~:llt~~~~, ~~~:Jie:i£i~~~~~~~.J;tl~!E[~~*~-Rt§.~~o~ ~.t§111[ ~ a~.J;tl.<&.r~~~it~$_~:llttr~~~ ~. 0. 1 -K+'O~~~llif§"~.~~-!l!H+H,l:!lE~lI!.l§!.i!!i!!~III::g;~"Iif«t! $ii'crr~jllu· ~!!~llr~ta'.:t;:· mil -K< 11~!!e;-K~IHlt§"~~«Je:. .. crt~~~IH${~. <I. , ~:'Ii!lKlII:~*,$ii'4Il~~~:g;~•• ~:ili' Brett, E. A., The World Economy Since the War Hampvhire and London: Mac Millon, 1985, pp. 125-131. Robison, Pichard op. cit p. 23. m~ Pangestu Mari op. cit, pp. 222-223.. .~.Lji!IKlII:"Iif~4ti. and South Korea," International Wrgznization 35 (Summer 1981), pp. 407. ~liIi'i!'!:llI:III:{i\\\~i!!i!!.~tg[~III:~~iI!.~:g;~." ~~$~Jll:1 -N1lElii[" ~nr;IlE.JIII Cohen, Benjamin J., "International Rebt and Linkage Stategies: Some foreignl, policy implications for the U.S.," Kahler, Niles (ed), The Politics 0 {International Delt, Itdaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1986, pp. 127 -155.. Robison,. Ricbard, op. cit, p. 41. ~ 1 1lElii[-33.J1I1 Frieden, Jeff, "Third World Indebted Industriali, zation: Internatnavol Finance and State Capitaliism in Mexico, Brazil, Algeria,. ~. ~ ~. ~ ~ ~. ~~~llIlHIl!~-Nem;.

(11) ~~~$~. ~~~. ~~~. <>@~IEI\lll&'~IlH~~~~IS~~~ ~. ~~~~~~. 1 ~H=1j~!H!S~!;t:~~. <>@. _grfmgr+:!I1KIg ~. ~~11+~1;lfl!t-~H~~ ~ ~~$l~K:-liH~ ~ ~~~.l.Q~-E:t+1#lll.\1tl~~:I!~~. ilt\iif~~'m'~~~~*fm4::N. 1 ~I§ ~. ~l!f.!.l~~glSmllH~H~;g;'~iIf.~~~K:-~~. ~-<~~ o@IlR. $iii+gr ~~. <Ii. ~IlIl!i4;tl~'m'-e-.~~. 1 ~1(H=1l:!t-;g;'< ~. ~ in~~~~.~~*tIlIlj(~K:-lti'll!~;g;'~~ o~. K:-~~~~~4;tl~~t+1~~~.~~N~o;g;'~~+4::~~o~.~~~~;g;'~~~~~l~~O~<Ol:!t-~;g;'~~~ ~~~tI-e-t+1~~.~~~I-'--l\llI~K+~~~11+~. _,.jg?t1*~~~~~i;a-~. ~~~Il:~~-e-~~~~~~~ ~ 4;tl.H~..y'1+i~~11~M1~·· ~~~M1~~l!Ilr~~*~*1.M1~( Marxist Imperialis 0. (). ~~. m ) ~($t+1;g;'~~M1~ 11l!f.!11+<""~tJ(~+<iIf;g;'l9j]4:: ~ 1EI\lll&'l$' 1 .,..~-e-~~~1il~~~K:-~~~m ~ ~:!lil~m~~~Ic1~~l.lt: o ~-l\llI4;tl~_ 1 1§S:!~Hl!f.!11""~ ~ IlR 1 ~1§~~~~M1~~~~8E~~~;g;'~~ <> ~~~M1~4;tll ~~Ol:!t-~~~~ l1mIl~8E*~Il:~~-e-~~~*1~\!W~ () iJ1~\!W~@1'I§~+~~~~~~\!w~ ( Evalutio nary Theories) ~ *1~~~~~lii«I'DI;g;'~.~~DI~.~:Wr~ ~ fE~~;g;'~lii:t!.N~~~g~UI~ 1 ~~i!l!.iii~.~ <> ~lI!m!~4;tll1+$l~~-£H. ~~~~.t: <>~~§~I1ill~~+<~~-&{• • ( Herbert Spencer) ~~:.:~ ( Emil Durkheim). ~Illt$ ( Marx Weber) ~ ~~~ ( Talcott Parsons ) :flll:'~;g;':!:.~\II!,(fi:*t~""~~*1~~~ o@. il*11~~~+<~~ ~ .$!~~l§iml1ill. ~ JE**)gI~~Bt\ll!,(~~+<.ffcI$~~IlH~IS~t+1~4;tl.~~.-e- ~ ~~~~. ~\!W~~~$fEt+1~~~*\!W~ISK:-~~~\!w~~*1~I$!~.~~IlH:t!.iiiH.:t!.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. .:!!: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Developnent, World Deuelopnent RefXJrt 1990 edition, Oxford Univrsity Press,. pp. 178~179.. +< ~~~~.DI~~/ii'~1Jlft!iiie:1~~;g;'anlS .~ JE)gIfit;g;' ~:!I1K~~*,~~;g;'~tAtimr.1.!;t:;g;'~~ ~ m*4;tll1 +~~~~~$l~ ~. ~. ~ Ibid. ~ 1H• • ~~{ll! Tyab j, Amina, "The six ASEAN Economies: 1980 ~," in Broinowski, Alison ( ed ) ABEAN into the 19908, Hampshire & London; T he Mac Millan Press, 1990, p. 36. World Deuelopnent RefXJrt 1990 edition, p. 1.. '". ...... 1:'-:: .."... ~~. 0. .~g~~.~~l~~n.~~~~~hl~~~~Q.~~~~~k. ~~~~o@. Ii:!!: Hooguelt, Ankie M. M., The Third World in filobal Deuelopnent Hampshire & London: Mac Millan Publisbes, 1982, chapt three, pp. 105-11. ~. -. o.~ ~~.§ ~'"E cp ~. :. ~. 1ll.§ <1:1"'". 5!S<. 9. Ibid., 4:!;!ll+~l;i/ll*,+<.jli;· ~11!I-~.fi;1lI! ( 1;Ii:IW~1!(i.) ·1+l~mI!I!E[IlI!:!1~.\i;:!+~~l;i/g;IW.:!;::i-lm.(~-<IiIlg;~~. ~. ~. ~. ~. ~'(s'S .~.

(12) Table 2,2, Income Levels and Growth Rates. 196rr-1970. Population. 1967 (millions). Average GNP per Capita 1967 Annual Growth Rate US$ 1960-1970 $ 3' 3,670 3' 4 3,120 1,490 3'5 6'5 930 4'4 550 2'9 270 2'6 130 1' 7 90 3'2 610. Approximate Stage of Growth. High Mass United States 199 Consumption Group 1 ($1,750 - $3,670) 307 Group 2 ($1,000-$1,750)" 238 Drive to 444 Group 3 ($700 - $1,000) Technological Group 4 ($400 - $700) 161 Maturity Group 5 ($200 - $400) 299 Take-off 376 Group 6 ($100 - $200) Pre-conditions Group 7 ($50 - $100) 1,580 3,391 World Source:Thorkil Kristensen, Development in Rich and Poor Countries: A Gen eral Theory with Statistical Analyses (Praeger Publishers, New York, 1974), pp,156 9 Stages added by W. W. R..

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(14) ~. -"_w'~ •. ,~ 16~18.. Il!! Ibid., pp.. •. >. _~. -:-1.- ._~~:. ~ ';"-"",. ,.~, ...:_ ,__... ", ". 0. ~. ••. '=""""--"'1T1J:r>lWR~1'!"111l11\\\$!-!E.~ • • <xim::~ ·-~~iI.£-llI:Hi.mw.**,.:i1~:IIl!~~mt-l$~~W!!11I!liHIIp.1fiIiil\~~.:¢. ". ~~W!!.~~~~I~.~~~~.~~~~~~: '~~~~~~.~'~~~~~'~~~~.NW!!.~~~~~~~*.~N'~.~~W!!.~. 0. *,liI!l~~. s~ll* .. DeJX!ndencyTheoryand the Return ofHilft Poliics, ~ Imptrialism and Underdeuelopnent.. ... ft ~~•••l{l>(m\*~;.t!j~~*;fcH'Ij!~~;.t!j~~* ~~~~I!l.~ ft dJ1=l~~~mI-RJ!.(:l:Ht(~*~ " Iii'ml/I!f\!1llllill:tJg~e~i:ti ~1~.~ ~*~~*~~~~~~~~.o~.~fi~§~.~~~~~.mI~~:l:Ht(~ •• _.ft~~~~~~~~ ft ~~it~<-4lfri'~~.~~~ ft ~~~~ c-'~~crr~iDm~~'l1£r~~*-P<~~l§:~~~ 1 ~KK.l1t-~~~~~~~~~~. ~<~.. ft ~;g!w.J~~I1E-33~.~.J..j ~ ~~l!W~~~~~~~~. 0. ~~~~~~.~~~~~o~I~l§:~~.~~~~~~~~1~1(~.l1t-~1~«.l1t-~.l1t-*~~~~**~~~N§~ 111@~.~fi~§~:I?~~~. @~ ~.~. 0. ~~~~~~~~~.~~~~.~. ~~~~*~ft~~ •• X~~~~~~ •• ~~. o.~••e~~~.~~._~~~~~~:I?~1. @~4L1~~~~~~~~~~~ •• ~~~;r~ ~ ~. 1 ~l§:-mt. ' 4L1~~~$'lil!:!~~••~~.~tr~~~~_~~I!!iii~~ ~ ~~4L1~~$'.l1t-~~$<~~.1. :i~. ~~. ~~~~~~l.~~~~.~~~~l§:~ol~l§:~~_~.X~~~~~.~~~*~~~~l!W~~~$~ft~~ 0. 1l~';jB~RPQ. $"~. ~~~~~~~~*~~~~~_~~~~~~~.~. ~$<IF(~~~1nI!~~~~* ~ ~~~:lili~~~~.J!i(tI-~4L1.~;g!$~~. ~~~~~. .. .. ... ... 1.~.~••~~.~H.~~~~I.*••• ~~.*. ~~~~.~~.tr~~~~~. W!!~~mIi!I~ (. ~~$~~I~~~_~~~$~~~~o. ( model construction) •. ~~~~~~~~~. •. Operationalization) • l:lD:;~~~'lIlIU11Fi:i!:1I!!l! Hirs. ~*~~~~~~R~~~w~~~~~~*I~~~~~~~~~~~o~~~~~~~l. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.*~~~~~~~~~.~~~~.~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~~~~~.~~. ... X~~£~~~~~ft~~~$~~I$~~~~~o~~ •• ~~~tr~~.~. .. .lill~lI¥!>'M~-®i;!.pj. World Developnent Re[XJrt, 1990 edition p. 178.. ~IUlliiljl(~~W!!.IlIiI~~!itJ!*.!Jl!:lI:I~:t':l~i:i!:1I!!l!. :i1Hr+-.:¢Ii'lf~.!Jl!. ~. ~. <]i:j. :liIii~!If!I.liI!lBI:~I!!~:iJ:'!*~I!:1Hi(:Ilij~$lII!' :t1~!!!<:~~ Wallerstein ~.*1fim$l~~~e! (World Capitalist System ) ~if-'~-*~l!Il!.. • ~l!Il!.l!tl11l'. ~~. ch ~r-I ~.e!~~~' ~-31 @~~.~l«i!ljI(~~." '!!til!! Hirsch, Leonard Paul, "Incorporation into the World Economy: Economy:Empirical Tests of Dependency Theory" in Tetreault & Aiel, up. cit pp. 101 ~121.. Kuo, Shirley W. Y., et a!., The Taiwan Success Story, Boulder: Westview Press, 1981.. 1Hi(:1lij£~~@~~~~~W!!.!If!I.liI!l~~~~~~~.~~:iJ:'!·~~~~W!!11I~liI!l~~*1Hi(:Ilij~~~*~~~~W!!11I0 ~i:i1l4ilIl:~~lI!lI¥!>'M' ~~5i. • • • • • $N~~-~~$• • ~.

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