影響銀行ATM使用效益之決定因素－以F銀行為例
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(2) 100 EMBA. i.
(3) ATM —. F. ATM F. 102. 1. 12. STATA ATM. ATM ATM. ATM. ATM. ii.
(4) A Study on the Determinants of ATM Trading: The Case of Bank F. Advisor: Dr. I-Hui Cheng Department of Applied Economics National University of Kaohsiung Student: Ching-Ying Cho International Executive Master of Business Administration National University of Kaohsiung. Abstract. As deregulating financial industry in Taiwan, banks use new technology, including ATM, internet banking, to compete in competitively international business environment. As ATM trading is convenient to customers, and also cost-saving to banks, how to make use of ATMs to supplement traditional banking is important to each bank. The aim of this thesis is study the determinants of ATM Trading. To do so, I choose Bank F, a commercial bank with more than 180 branches, as a representative bank. By collecting the monthly data of year 2013, this thesis considers trading volumes of inter-bank and intra-bank trading, and confirms that ATM trading is affected by population, the location of ATM, business environment, numbers of competitor’s ATMs, and seasonal reasons, etc. The results could be taken consideration for policy-making.. Keywords: Automatic Teller Machine, ATM., Chip Debit Card.. iii.
(5) ........................................................................................................................... i .......................................................................................................................... ii Abstract .................................................................................................................... iii ........................................................................................................................... I .................................................................................................................... III .................................................................................................................... IV ........................................................................................................... 1 ........................................................................................... 1 ........................................................................................... 3 .................................................................................... 4 ................................................................................................... 5 ......................................................... 5 ATM. ....................................................................... 9. ATM. ........................................................................ 14 ..................................................................................... 17 .............................................................................. 17 ......................................................................................... 18 .......................................................................... 19 .............................................................................. 21 ATM. .................................................... 21 .............................................................................. 41. ATM. ............................................. 49. I.
(6) ............................................................................................. 63 .............................................................................. 63 ......................................................................................... 66 ................................................................................................................ 67 ................................................................................................................ 70. II.
(7) 1.. ................................................................................................... 4. 2.. A. ATM. ........................................................................ 23. 3.. B. ATM. ........................................................................ 27. 4.. C. ATM. ........................................................................ 31. 5.. D. ATM. ........................................................................ 35. 6.. E. ATM. ........................................................................ 39. III.
(8) 1. 2.. ........................................................................ 2 ATM. ................................ 8. 3.. ...................................................................... 12. 4.. .............................................................................. 20. 5.. /. ............................................................................. 41. 6.. ..................................................................................... 42. 7.. ..................................................................................... 61. IV.
(9) 2002. World Trade Organization (WTO). Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) ATM. 1990 1.. 2.. 1991. 15. 1995. 1.
(10) 3. 102. 9. 16. (. 1). 1.. 2.. 3.. 1.. 2001/12/19. 2002/02/18. 2001/12/19. 2002/02/19. 2001/12/28. 2002/03/26. 2001/12/31. 2002/05/09. 2002/01/28. 2002/05/17. 2002/02/04. 2003/01/02. 2002/02/04. 2008/01/01. 2002/02/05. 2011/12/01 Web. 2.
(11) ATM. ATM. ATM 24. ATM. 3.
(12) 1. 4.
(13) (Virtual Bank) (. ). (ATM) (Electronic Funds Transfer System, EFTS). (1995) (1999). ATM. Talmor (1995) Mahoney (1994). Straeel (1995). (Non-Branch Bank). ATM. (Electronic Media). (EFTS) 1. (Automatic Teller Machine, ATM) 5.
(14) (. 1998). ATM. 2. (Internet Banking). (. (. ). 1999 ). (. 1999). (1999). 3. (Phone Banking) 6. ) (.
(15) (Branch in the Sky) ( 1998). (Call Center). 4.. (Mobile Banking). 2. ( SSL SET. (. 2001). 7. 2007).
(16) 2.. ATM ATM (. ( +. (. +. ). (. ). (. ( +. ). ( ). ATM). 8. +. ). ( ). ).
(17) ATM. (ATM). ATM (Internet). ATM. ATM (Business to Business Consumer B2C Consumer to Consumer, C2C). 1.. 2.. 9. B2B. Business to.
(18) 3.. 4.. 5.. 6.. 7. 8.. ATM ATM 2004. 10.
(19) ATM. 3 ATM (. ). ATM. ATM. ATM. ATM : ATM ATM 96). 11. (.
(20) 3.3. Automatic Service Machines of Financial Institutions 103. 3. End of Mar. 2014 (. ). (. Case of Transactions by Institution. ). ). Card Issued Total Domestic Banks. ). Card in Circulations Set of Machines Current M onth Accumulated. Current Month. Accumulated. 173,675,423. 87,476,226. 26,842. 65,761,748. 193,236,287. 806,640. 2,506,121. 123,598,157. 68,176,885. 21,974. 45,894,289. 137,212,375. 635,931. 1,969,385. # Bank of T aiwan Land Bank of T aiwan. 6,888,816. 4,172,659. 700. 1,984,320. 6,742,736. 24,281. 86,615. 6,290,603. 2,575,897. 803. 1,881,097. 5,679,853. 23,028. 77,418. #. 7,520,243. 5,392,706. 1,217. 3,766,007. 10,949,660. 62,088. 185,051. #. 8,940,533. 4,933,071. 775. 2,986,454. 9,066,744. 33,452. 107,151. #. 10,933,052. 6,297,110. 733. 2,893,965. 8,460,709. 32,462. 99,793. 8,493,644. 4,760,188. 677. 2,597,784. 7,638,649. 46,575. 140,593. T aiwan Cooperative Bank First Commercial Bank Hua Nan Commercial Bank, Ltd.. # Chang Hwa Commercial Bank T he Shanghai Commercial & Savings Bank, Ltd.. # T aipei Fubon Commercial Bank Co., Ltd. # Cathay United Bank. 2,416,303. 1,246,970. 268. 631,825. 1,862,272. 6,946. 21,622. 5,578,180. 3,716,931. 653. 2,558,422. 7,886,549. 29,442. 96,660. 7,189,833. 5,504,477. 1,915. 3,499,470. 10,406,341. 43,790. 135,789. 883,868. 606,978. 105. 301,674. 912,245. 3,477. 11,405. 4,352,089. 2,357,184. 526. 2,388,161. 7,263,075. 41,790. 130,871. 1,135,600. 730,822. 120. 446,735. 1,298,829. 7,968. 24,198. 495,678. 42,576. 14. 22,113. 62,240. 232. 668. (. ). Bank of Kaohsiung. # Mega International Commercial Bank Co., Ltd. Citibank T aiwan Ltd. ANZ Bank (T aiwan) Ltd.. 1. 2. 3. 4.#. ). Amount of Transactions (NT$ M illion). 96. Automatic Service Machines of Financial Institutions Cont.1 103. 3. End of Mar. 2014 (. ). Amount of Transactions (NT$ M illion). Case of Transactions by Institution. ) Card Issued. Taiwan Business Bank Standard Chartered Bank (T aiwan) Limited T aichung Commercial Bank Kings Town Bank HSBC Bank(T aiwan) Ltd. Bank of Taipei Hwatai Bank. # T aiwan Shin Kong Commercial Bank Sunny Bank Ltd. Bank of Panhsin Cota Bank Union Bank of T aiwan Far Eastern International Bank. # Yuanta Commercial Bank Co., Ltd.. # Bank SinoPac Company Limited. ). ). Card in Circulations. Set of Machines. Current Month. Accumulated. Current M onth. Accumulated. 5,545,388. 1,577,073. 426. 1,727,964. 5,483,054. 31,936. 1,951,877. 1,369,368. 330. 751,896. 2,156,576. 8,033. 24,734. 1,976,902. 802,472. 200. 132,165. 376,494. 11,818. 32,654. 940,789. 269,651. 74. 168,869. 478,840. 2,140. 6,227. 1,495,283. 277,195. 65. 387,015. 1,136,295. 10,866. 32,062. 83,105. 56,301. 70. 39,690. 113,371. 541. 1,604. 264,484. 219,676. 87. 95,557. 272,714. 972. 2,875. 2,916,027. 1,921,781. 666. 1,708,527. 4,905,322. 29,313. 84,591. 810,447. 544,022. 157. 165,948. 474,512. 2,137. 6,319. 729,847. 465,322. 109. 173,992. 499,850. 2,286. 6,770. 182,845. 176,878. 63. 102,876. 292,066. 1,296. 3,852. 2,574,979. 1,047,077. 743. 584,612. 1,599,237. 6,690. 18,715. 1,303,963. 499,787. 150. 433,488. 1,250,709. 4,283. 13,073. 1,165,183. 1,045,879. 344. 554,318. 1,631,922. 7,768. 23,185. 4,282,953. 2,058,559. 780. 1,808,836. 5,180,388. 36,606. 104,841. Source Provided by general banks, Chunghwa Post Co. and Bureau of Agricultural Finance. Notes 1.'Case of Transactions' exclude inquiries and failures in transaction attempt. 2.'Amount of Transactions' include cash withdrawal and account transfer. 3.# refer to the subsidiary of financial holding companies.. 12. 99,656.
(21) Automatic Service Machines of Financial Institutions Cont.2 End 103. 3. End of Mar. 2014 (. ). (. Case of Transactions by Institution. ). ). Card Issued. # E.Sun Commercial Bank, Ltd. Cosmos Bank, T aiwan DBS Bank (T aiwan) Ltd.. # T aishin International Bank T a Chong Bank. # Jih Sun International Bank Entie Commercial Bank. # CT BC Bank Co., Ltd. Commun ity Fi nan ci al Insti tuti on Credit Cooperatives Credit Departments of Farmers' &. Fishermen's Association. Chun ghwa Post Co., Ltd Agricul tu re Bank of Tai wan. ). Amount of Transactions (NT$ M illion). ). Card in Circulations. Set of M achines. Current M onth. Accumulated. Current Month. Accumulated. 3,973,200. 2,995,998. 563. 2,977,188. 8,782,838. 43,489. 131,463. 3,952,909. 1,345,802. 156. 262,489. 731,428. 4,740. 13,438. 1,065,294. 151,690. 68. 89,218. 252,842. 2,233. 7,258. 6,064,625. 3,149,004. 2,871. 1,547,965. 4,656,485. 14,596. 46,469. 2,346,461. 607,137. 141. 341,667. 1,006,875. 3,634. 11,525. 1,925,409. 1,057,457. 117. 64,983. 185,963. 1,260. 3,429. 1,105,465. 676,616. 102. 187,523. 542,271. 2,016. 6,146. 5,822,280. 3,524,571. 5,186. 5,629,476. 16,972,421. 51,748. 170,664. 5,779,141. 3,409,596. 1,643. 2,113,014. 6,220,093. 28,786. 88,418. 2,271,838. 1,221,681. 436. 590,919. 1,805,701. 7,446. 24,096. 3,507,303. 2,187,915. 1,207. 1,522,095. 4,414,392. 21,340. 64,322. 44,297,129. 15,889,407. 3,223. 17,753,486. 49,800,774. 141,905. 448,249. 996. 338. 2. 959. 3,045. 18. 69. 13.
(22) ATM Paroush and Ruthenberg (1986). Viren (1992). Daniels and Murphy (1994). (. ATM). ( ). Logit. ATM. ATM (Two Stage Least. Squares). ATM. ATM Lafleche (1994). Kim and Lee (1998) ATM ATM. ATM. (1993) (Maximum Likelihood Estimation, MLE) 14.
(23) (Cointegration) (1997). (1993). (1997). Breshnihan (1986). Banker and Kauffman (1988). 508. ATM ATM ATM. ATM ATM. (1989). 15.
(24) (1990). 76. 78. 16.
(25) 1.. F. 2.. 3. 180. 1.. 2.. ATM. F. 5 24. 17.
(26) F 5 ATM. 102 (. 1. 12. ). ATM. OLS. 18.
(27) F 1.. A. ( ). (. -. -. ). ). (. (. 3. ). ATM. 2.. B. (. (. 3.. 7. -. ). ). ATM. C. ATM 4.. D. ( 7. -. ). (. ). ATM 5.. E. ( 5. ). 19. -. ). (.
(28) ATM 4. 4.. ATM. ATM. A. 75. 17. 56. B. 42. 4. 5. C. 24. 7. 20. D. 21. 3. 10. E. 45. 13. 24. 20.
(29) ATM A A ATM 2-5). 102. 11,000 2,500. 1-12. (. 14,000. 5,500. 3,100. 2-3 2-4 7,000. 2-4. 57% (. 2-1) 2-3 2-4 2-5. ATM. A. 1. 2. 2-3 2-4 2-5. 1,100. 220. 700. 320. ATM. 5,200. (. 1 1. 12. 2-2). 2-3 2-4. A. 12 (. 6,300. ) 84% (. 2-5. 12. ATM 2-6). 1-2 21. 2. 3.
(30) 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 12. (. 1-2. 2. 6. 7 (. 8. 3 9. 2-6). 22. 11. 11 2-6). 4. 5 12.
(31) 2-1. 2-2. 2-3 2.. A. ATM. 23.
(32) 2-4. 2-5. 2-6 2.. A. ATM. 24.
(33) B B 102. ATM 1-12. ( 1,800. 3-3 3-4 3-5). 2,300. 2,300. 1-2. 800 44% (. 3-3 3-4 3-5. 2,700 1,100. 3-1). ATM. 1. 2. 5. B 3-5. 120 700. 12. 3-3 3-4. 150. 40. 70. 900 ATM. (. ). 5-17 80% (. 3-2). 3-3 3-4 3-5. B. 1 1. 5. 5. ATM (. 3-6). 4. 5 11. 1-2 6. 12 25. 2-3 -8. 3 9. 10.
(34) (. 3-6) 1-6. 7-12. 3 11. 3 11. 1-2. 6. 7. 12. 10 (. 26. 2. 3-6).
(35) 3-1. 3-2. 3-1. 3-2. 3-3 3.. B. ATM. 27.
(36) 3-4. 3-5. 3-6 3.. B. ATM. 28.
(37) C C ATM 102. 1-12. ( 3,500. 4-3 4-4 4-5). 4,000. 2,000 2,000. 2,300 2,900. 1.3-1.7 45% (. 4-1). 4-3 4-4 4-5. ATM. 1. 2. 5. 10. 12 C 30 1,300. 4-3 4-4 4-5. 70. 80. 120. 1,600 ATM. (. ). 13-43 4-2). 90% (. 4-3 4-4 4-5. 1. C. 3 1. 10 10. 12. 12. ATM ( 7. 4-6) 7-8. 1-2 8 29. 2-3 9. 9. -11. 3.
(38) 11. 12. ( 9-12. 3. 1-2. 4. 4-6 10. 11. 2 6-8. 11. 12. 4-6). 30. 4-6) 1-8 3. 8. 10 (.
(39) 4-1. 4-2. 4-3 4.. C. ATM. 31.
(40) 4-4. 4-5. 4.. C. 4-6 ATM. 32.
(41) D D ATM 102. 1-12. ( 3,100. 5-3 5-4 5-5). 2,200. 3,900. 34% (. 5-3 5-4 5-5. 1,000. 2,500 1,300. 5-1). ATM. 1. 2. 5. 10. 12 D 30 290. 5-3 5-4 5-5. 50. 40. 60. 340 ATM. (. ). 5-9. 78% (. 5-3 5-4 5-5. 1. D. 1. 3 10. 10. 5-2). 12. 12. ATM ( 5. 5-6). 5-8 (. 1-2 8. 2-4. 4. 12. 5-6) 1-5. 5-12 33. 1-2.
(42) 2 10. 4 10. (. 4-7 11. 7-8 11. 5-6). 34. 12. 8.
(43) 5-1. 5-2. 5-3 5.. D. ATM. 35.
(44) 5-4. 5-5. 5.. D. 5-6 ATM. 36.
(45) E E 102. ATM 1-12. ( 4,000. 6-3 6-4 6-5). 4,600. 2,700. 3,400. 9,000. 11,000 59% (. 6-1) 6-3 6-4 6-5. ATM. E. 1. 2. 12. 6-3 6-4 6-5. 140. 110. 80. 140. ATM. 1,200. (. ). 10-15. 85% (. 6-4 6-5. 1. 12. 1,500. 2. 3. 5. 6-2) 7. 6-3. 10. E. 1. 11 2. 12. ATM ( 4 9. -10. 6-6) 4-6. 10. 1-2. 2-3. 6-8 11. 8 11. 37. -12. 3 9.
(46) ( 2 8. 6-6) 1-5 5. 9. 6-12 5-6. 9. 12. 6-6). 38. 1-2 6-7. 7. 8 (.
(47) 6-1. 6-2. 6-3 6.. E. ATM. 39.
(48) 6-4. 6-5. 6-6 6.. E. ATM. 40.
(49) STATA (1) Y = ß +ß. +ß. (Y ). +ß. (X ). 5. (Y )/. +ß. +ß. (. 5). i. (1). i. /. (X ). STATA. Y. lnselfwd1. Y. lnunionwd1. Y. lnselftr1. Y. lninterwd1. Y. lnuniontr1. X. lnpop. Y. lnintertr1. X. lnbusiness. X X. ATM. bank_in1 out0 ATM. X. otherbank month_1, …. 41.
(50) 6. X. X. X :1,; :0,. X. ATM. ATM. (. (. (. (. (. (. Y. X :M1. M2 M12. +. + -. +. -. + -. +. + -. +. -. + -. +. + -. -. -. + -. +. + -. +. + -. + -. + -. + -. + -. + -. + -. + -. + -. + -. + -. +. ). Y. ). Y. ). Y. ). Y. ). Y. ) + -. 42.
(51) 1.. (. ). ATM. 2.. (. (. 3.. ). (+). ). (. (+). ). ( ). ATM (+). 4.. (. )ATM ( ). 5.. (+). ( ). 43.
(52) 1.. (. ). ATM. 2.. (. (. 3.. ). (+). ). (. (+). ). ( ). ATM (+). 4.. (. ( ) 5.. (+). ( ). 44. )ATM.
(53) 1.. (. ). ATM. 2.. (. (. ). ). (. (+). ). ( ). 3.. ATM ( ). 4.. 5.. (+). (. ( ). (+). ( ). 45. )ATM.
(54) 1.. (. 2.. ). ATM. (. (. ). ). (. (+). ). ( ). 3.. ATM (+). 4.. 5.. (+). (. )ATM. (+). ( ). ( (+). ( ). 46. ).
(55) 1.. ( (. ). ATM. 2.. (. (. ). ). (. ). (+). ). ( ). 3.. ATM (+). 4.. 5.. (+). ). ( ). (. )ATM. (+). ( ). ( (+). ( ). 47. ).
(56) 1.. ( (. ) (+). ). 2.. (. (. ). ). (. ). (+). ). ( ). 3.. ATM (+). 4.. 5.. ATM. ( ). (. )ATM. (+). ( ). (+). 48.
(57) ATM 5. 44. 1.. ATM. 2013. 12. 528. -0.715 (. 6). 10% 7.15%. 2.. 0.288 10% 2.88%. 3.. ATM 0.068. (. ATM. 4.. 6). ATM. ATM 0.0627. ( ATM. 49. 6).
(58) 5.. 1 0.197. 2. 0.339 12. 0.055 (. 6.. 6) (Branch2). 0.405. (Branch3). 1.302. (Branch4). 0.673. (Branch5). 1.904. 50.
(59) 1.. 0.055 (. 6). 10% 0.55%. 2.. 0.372 10% 3.72%. 3.. ATM 0.498. (. ATM. 4.. ATM. ATM 0.0189. (. ATM. 5.. 1 0.226. 2 51. 6). 6).
(60) 0.345 12. 0.023. 6) 6.. (Branch2) 0.590. (Branch3). 1.964. (Branch4) 0.082. (Branch5). 0.511. 52. (.
(61) 1.. 1.019. (. 6). 10% 10.19%. 2.. -0.959 10% 9.59%. 3.. ATM 0.576. (. 6). ATM 4.. ATM 0.115 (. 5.. ATM 6). 1 0.100 0.544. 2 12 53.
(62) 0.130 6.. (Branch2) 1.473. (Branch3) 1.262. (Branch4). 0.525. (Branch5). 1.744. 54.
(63) 1.. -1.659. (. 6). 10% 16.59%. 2.. 0.548 10% 5.48%. 3.. ATM 0.418. (. 6). ATM 4.. ATM. 10% 2.62%. ATM 5.. 1 0.200. 2. 0.324 12. 0.020. 55.
(64) 6.. (Branch2) 1.554. (Branch3) 3.992. (Branch4) 0.592. (Branch5). 1.883. 56.
(65) 1.. -1.050 10% 10.50%. 2.. 0.772 10% 7.72%. 3.. ATM 0.868 ATM. 4.. ATM 0.213 ATM. 5.. 1 0.221 0.557. 2 12. 0.178 6.. (Branch2) 57.
(66) 1.006. (Branch3) 1.215. (Branch4) 0.326 0.772. 58. (Branch5).
(67) 1.. -0.930. 10% 2.. 9.30% 0.302. 10% 3.02% 3.. ATM. ATM. 0.089 4.. ATM. 10%. ATM. 0.83%. 5.. 10%. 1 0.225. 2. 0.198 12. 6.. 0.002. (Branch2) 0.318. (Branch3) 59.
(68) 1.005. (Branch4) 0.530. (Branch5) 0.880. 60.
(69) 7. (1) lnselfwdl. (2) lnunionwd1. (3) lninterwd1 ***. (4) lnselftr1 ***. (5) lnuniontr1 ***. (6) lnintertr1. lnpop. -0.715 (-1.45). 0.055 (0.13). 1.019 (2.66). -1.659 (-6.09). -1.050 (-4.12). -0.930*** (-4.08). lnbusiness. 0.288 (0.75). 0.372 (1.11). -0.959*** (-3.21). 0.548*** (2.58). 0.772*** (3.88). 0.302* (1.69). bank_in1out0 :1; :0 ATM. -0.0680 (-0.23). 0.498 (1.92). -0.576*** (-2.49). 0.418*** (2.54). 0.868*** (5.64). 0.089 (0.65). otherbank. -0.0627 (-0.62). 0.0189 (0.22). 0.115 (1.47). -0.262*** (-4.73). -0.213*** (-4.11). -0.083* (-1.78). month_1 1. 0.197 (0.57). 0.226 (0.75). 0.100 (0.37). 0.200 (1.04). 0.221 (1.23). 0.225 (1.40). month_2 2. 0.339 (0.81). 0.345 (0.94). -0.544* (-1.67). 0.324 (1.40). 0.557*** (2.57). 0.198 (1.02). ATM. 61.
(70) month_12 12. 0.055 (0.16). 0.023 (0.07). -0.130 (-0.48). 0.020 (0.11). 0.178 (0.99). 0.002 (0.01). branch2. -0.405 (-0.71). -0.590 (-1.18). -1.473*** (-3.31). 1.554*** (4.90). 1.006*** (3.40). 0.318 (1.20). branch3. -1.302 (-1.09). 1.964* (1.89). 1.262 (1.37). -3.992*** (-6.07). -1.215* (-1.98). -1.005* (-1.82). branch4. -0.673 (-1.27). 0.082 (0.18). -0.525 (-1.28). -0.592** (-2.02). 0.326 (1.19). -0.530* (-2.16). branch5. -1.904*** (-6.75). 0.511** (2.08). 1.744*** (7.97). -1.883*** (-12.08). -0.772*** (-5.31). -0.880*** (-6.74). 12.56** (2.22). 1.014 (0.21). -1.353 (-0.31). 21.09*** (6.75). 10.92*** (3.74). 14.59*** (5.57). 528 0.356. 528 0.112. 528 0.199. N Adj. R2. 528 528 528 0.123 0.071 0.177 * ** *** : p value < 0.1, : p value < 0.05, p value < 0.01. 62.
(71) F. 5. (. ). ATM. ATM. ATM STATA. A. ATM ATM. B. ATM ATM. C. ATM. 63.
(72) D. ATM. ATM. E ATM. ATM. 1.. 2.. 3.. ATM. ATM. ATM. 5 ATM. 64.
(73) 65.
(74) ATM. ATM. F. 66.
(75) 1.. (2000) 11. ATM 598. 2.. (2008). 3.. (1991). 4.. 50. 9-11 ATM. (1997). 5.. (2008). 6.. (1993). -. ATM. 56-87 7.. (2005). 8.. (2006). 9.. (2007). 10.. (2007). 11.. (2010). 12.. ATM. -. ATM. ATM. 53. ATM. (1999) 122-128. 13. 3 14.. (1995) 16-20. -. (1999). 26-31 67.
(76) 15.. (1998). 16.. Web. 17.. (1999). 18.. (1996). 102. 9. www.farmerbank.com.tw ATM 19. 19.. 102. 4. 41-50. (1999) 59-78. 20.. (1989). 21.. (1999) 89-109. 22.. (2007). ATM 25. 23.. 3. 268 18-23. (2001). 23. 68. 1. 47-62.
(77) 1.. Breshnihan, T. F. (1986), “Measuring the Spillovers from Technical Advance: Mainframe Computers in Financial Services,” American Economic Review, 76, 742-755.. 2.. Banker, R. D. and Kauffman, R. J. (1988), “Strategic Contributions of Information Technology: An Empirical Study of ATM Networks,” In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Systems, Minneaplois, Minnesota.. 3.. Daniels, K. N. and Murphy, N. B. (1994), “The Impact of Technological Change on the Currency Behavior of Households: An Empirical Cross-section Study,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 26(4), 867-874.. 4.. Hindelang, M. J., Gottfredson, M. R., and Garofalo, J. (1978), “Victims of Personal Crime: An Empirical for a Theory of a Personal Victimization,” Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger Publishing Company.. 5.. Kim, Y.W. and Lee, S. (1998), “A Forecasting Model for Cash Demand in Korea,”Economic Papers, 1(2), September, The Bank of Korea, 105-132.. 6.. Lafleche, T. (1994), “The Demand for Currency and the Underground Economy,” Review, Bank of Canada, Autumn, 39-58.. 7.. Mahoney, L. (1994), “Virtual Banking,” Bank Marketing, 26, 77.. 8.. Paroush, J. and Ruthenberg, D. (1986), “Automated Teller Machines and the Share of Demand Deposits in the Money Supply,” European Economic Review, 30, 1207-1215.. 9.. Talmor, S. (1995), “New Life for Dinosaurs,” The Banker, 145, 75-78.. 10. Viren, M. (1992), “Financial Innovations and Currency Demand: Some New Evidence,” Empirical Economics, 17, 451-461.. 69.
(78) 1. http://www.boma.gov.tw 2. http://gcis.nat.gov.tw/main/indexC.jsp 3. http://www.ris.gov.tw 4. http://www.fisc.com.tw 5. http://www.firstbank.com.tw 6. http://www.banking.gov.tw/ch. 70.
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Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited 香港期貨交易所有限公司 Hong Kong Interbank Clearing Limited 香港銀行同業結算有限公司 Hong Kong Interbank Offered Rate
For example, even though no payment was made on the interest expenses for the bank loan in item (vi), the interest expenses should be calculated based on the number of
例如：比較P–2%與HIBOR+1%，哪種利息對借款人較有益處，並講解銀行最優惠利 率與香港銀行同業拆息的變動會帶來甚麼風險。..
