紡織業共用系統在泰、孟、越、巴之銷售績效比較–以B公司為例

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(1)୯ҥଯ໢εᏢ୯ሞଯ໘࿶ᔼᆅ౛ᅺγӧᙍ஑੤ ᅺγፕЎ. તᙃ཰ӅҔ‫س‬಍ӧੀǵ‫ۏ‬ǵຫǵЃϐᎍ୧ᕮਏКၨȉаB Ϧљࣁ‫ٯ‬ A Comparative Study of Business Performance for Textile Industry Utility System in Thailand, Bangladesh, Vietnam and PakistanȉThe Case of B Company. ࣴ‫ز‬ғǺኻ‫ ܱؼ‬ኗ ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻ‫ ݅ߜ׵‬റγ Ֆ࢙҅ റγ. ύ๮҇୯΋ԭ႟ΖԃϤД .

(2)

(3) ठᖴ ᚆ໒ᏢਠΟΜᎩԃǴ؇ీᙍ൑ǴుགঁΓᏢ᛽ό‫ى‬ᆶय़ჹ҂ٰ‫ࡷޑ‬ᏯǴ‫ٿ‬ԃ߻Ԗ ᐒ཮ள‫ޕ‬Ǵੀ୯ើჴεᏢᆶѠ᡼ଯ໢εᏢӝᒤԜπ୘ᆅ౛஑཰ፐำǴགᖴഋ‫܃‬ഩԴৣ ϷླྀਜࠤԴৣЇሦǴόीၨᏢғߚ‫ࣽ཮ޗ‬ᏢሦୱङඳǴᡣᏢғԖᐒ཮уΕҁፐำᏢಞ π୘ᆅ౛‫ޕ‬᛽ǶΒԃٰፏӭԴৣόᜏٌമԾᇻБٰੀ௤ፐǴᏢғЈύుϪགᖴ Ƕ ӧᏢය໔࠮ᆝ੤ߏǵ໡൛฻ӕᏢό༮క‫ך‬ϸᔈᒨ጗Ǵ৒‫ךה‬ፐ୸ࠊӭวୢǴ‫ܦ‬጗ ፐำ຾ࡋǴΞӧՉࡹࢬำ΢๏‫ך‬നಒጏ‫ڐޑ‬շǴߚதགᖴգॺǶ ፕЎೕჄᆶቪբය໔Ǵ‫݅ߜ׵‬ԴৣǵՖ࢙҅ԴৣϷഋ∩Դৣ٩ൻගᗺǴᡣᏢғ຾ ᑍᏢೌ౛ፕֹԋፕЎǴᆟஏಒጏ‫ޑ‬௲৷ǴᏢғགৱǶ ᏢғፕЎߕ߄ᕷᚇǴֆࡌᑫԴৣϷ΍΋፣Դৣό༮ᕷᅥǴፕЎα၂ਔග‫ٮ‬ፏӭፕ Ўঅ҅ࡌ᝼ᆶࡰ௲ǴᏢғགᖴǶ ൩Ꮲය໔஭ඵണԴৣϷഋ߷൛ԴৣόᜏٌമǴ࡭ុЪྕធ‫ڐ‬շǴᏢғሎ૶ӧЈǶ. ኻ‫ܱؼ‬ ࣴ‫ز‬ғ. L .

(4) તᙃ཰ӅҔ‫س‬಍ӧੀǵ‫ۏ‬ǵຫǵЃϐᎍ୧ᕮਏКၨȉа B Ϧљࣁ‫ٯ‬ ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻ‫ ݅ߜ׵‬റγ ୯ҥଯ໢εᏢ٥ϼπ୘ᆅ౛Ꮲ‫س‬ ࡰᏤ௲௤ǺՖ࢙҅ റγ Οࢃ಍ी ᏢғǺኻ‫ܱؼ‬ ୯ҥଯ໢εᏢ୯ሞଯ໘࿶ᔼᆅ౛ᅺγӧᙍ஑੤. ᄔा ୘཰ࢲ୏ు‫ڙ‬Ӛঁ୯ৎѱ൑ϐЎϯǵࡹ‫ݯ‬ǵ‫ے‬௲ǵ࿶ᔮǵӦ౛ǵᐕўǵ਻ংϷ҇ ௼‫܌܄‬ቹៜǶঁਢ B ϦљѤঁЬाѱ൑ੀ୯ǵ‫ۏ‬у܎ǵຫࠄϷЃ୷ථ‫ڶ‬ύǴੀ୯Ϸຫ ࠄӧ‫ے‬௲ǵࡹ‫ࡋڋݯ‬Ϸ҇௼‫܄‬ᆶ‫ۏ‬у܎ϷЃ୷ථ‫ֹڶ‬ӄόӕǴ‫ۏ‬у܎‫਻ޑ‬ংᆶӦ౛చ ҹΨᆶЃ୷ථ‫ڶ‬ӸӧѮεৡ౦Ƕ೭Ѥঁ୯ৎ೿ӧπ཰㭵‫ۈ‬໘ࢤว৖તᙃ཰ǴB Ϧљӧ ೭Ѥঁ୯ৎ‫ܗ‬ᎍતᙃ཰ӅҔᐒႝ‫س‬಍ 20 ᎩԃǶӵ݀ѝҔԋҬᚐ‫܈‬ճዎߎᚐǴٰຑໆӚ ঁѱ൑‫ޑ‬ᕮਏǴԶ۹ౣΑঁձѱ൑੝ਸඳ਻‫ݩރ‬ǴຑໆКၨ่݀ஒ཮ᝄख़Ѩ੿Ǵؒᒤ ‫ݤ‬Ҕٰཤଜ㽹፞Ϸว৖҂ٰϐҔǶ ҁࣴ‫ز‬аၗ਑х๎ϩ‫ (ݤ݋‬Data Envelopment Analysis, ᙁᆀ DEA )ࣁπ‫ڀ‬Ǵᘜӈ B ϦљኧᏵၗ਑ࣁ‫׫‬Ε໨Ϸౢр໨ǴයࣰᏱԖᡄᒠ‫่ޑ܄‬ፕǴёаҔٰ‫ׯ‬຾ B Ϧљჹ೭ Ѥঁѱ൑ǴࣗԿ҂ٰཥѱ൑ϐ฼ౣ‫ۓڋ‬Ϸ୺Չྗ߾Ƕ ၗ਑х๎ϩ‫݋‬ȐDEAȑ‫ݤ‬ीᆉ่݀Ǵ٩ྣԃࡋձຑКǴࡕයԃࡋᕮਏӧ‫؂‬΋ঁѱ ൑೿К߻යԃࡋӳǴ2009 ԃࡋ‫ڙ‬ӄౚߎᑼӒᐒቹៜǴࢂ‫܌‬ԖຑКԃࡋ္നৡ‫ޑ‬΋ঁԃ ࡋǶ٩ྣѱ൑ձຑКǴੀ୯Ϸ‫ۏ‬у܎ѱ൑ᕮਏၨӳǴ‫ۏ‬у܎ѱ൑ӚᅿኧᏵ๊ჹॶǴᇻ ε‫ځܭ‬дΟঁѱ൑Ǵՠࢂೕኳਏ౗ॶԖ‫ׯ‬๓‫ޜ‬໔ǴԶЪև౜ೕኳൔၿሀ෧Ǵᔈ၀Եໆ ࿯‫ۓڰڋ‬ԋҁЍрǶЃ୷ථ‫ڶ‬Ϸຫࠄѱ൑ᕮਏၨৡǴԵໆຫࠄѱ൑ೕኳਏ౗ॶၨեǴ ԶЪև౜ೕኳൔၿሀቚǴᔈ၀ᝢჄᑈཱུ‫܄‬ѱ൑ᘉ஭բࣁǶ ᜢᗖӷǺતᙃౢ཰ӅҔ‫س‬಍ᐒႝπำǵᎍ୧ᕮਏКၨǵၗ਑х๎ϩ‫ݤ݋‬ǵլ܎ථьɡ ґҥථѦ೽Ӣનᔠ‫ۓ‬ LL .

(5) A Comparative Study of Business Performance for Textile Industry Utility System in Thailand, Bangladesh, Vietnam and Pakistanȉ ȉThe Case of B Company Advisor: Ting-Lin Lee, Ph. D. Department of Asia Pacific Industrial and Business Management National University of Kaohsiung Advisor: Po-Cheng Ho, Ph. D. Tutortristar Student: Liang-Chang Ou International Executive Master of Business Administration National University of Kaohsiung. ABSTRACT Business activity in a country may be exposed to various factors such as culture, politics, religion, economics, geography, history, climate and civilization. Company B in his four main markets, Thailand and Vietnam has complete different religion, politics and civilization compared to Bangladesh and Pakistan. Bangladesh’s climate and geography also has a drastic difference to Pakistan. These four countries all developed textile industry at the beginning of the rise of industry. Company B has promoted the textile utility system in these four markets for more than two decades. Using revenue or profit to compare Company B’s marketing performance in these four markets, would produce unrealistic results, due to the unique environment of each market. If doing so, it would not allow Company B to accurately provide rewards or sanctions to the marketing division of those four countries, and will inhibit Company B to produce a marketing plan when it has a chance to follow up in a new foreign country. By using Company B’s data as the input and output item, and together with the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a method, this study will provide results regarding to business performance of each market. The data collected can be used taking in account of the different factors that can effect business activity furthermore, to an extent, using logical explanations it can be used to predict future decisions, rules and policies of the markets. LLL .

(6) According to annual evaluation of the business performance, the result indicates that showed greater performances in the later years in all markets. In 2009, affected by the global financial crisis, it was the worst year. In turn, according to the market comparison of the business performance, Thailand and Bangladesh’s shows more promising results. Although the absolute value of various data in the Bangladesh market is much larger than the other three markets, however, there is room for improvement in Scale Efficiency Value, as the market shows decreasing returns to scale. Therefore it is necessary to control the spending on fixed costs. Pakistan and Vietnam’s business performance is relatively poor in contrast. Vietnam lacks Scale Efficiency, which causes Increasing Return to Scale, which means, the Company B should definitely expand his market in Vietnam in the future.. Keywords: Textile Industry Utility System, Comparative Study of Business Performance, Data Envelopment Analysis, Kruskal-Wallis Algorithm. LY .

(7) Ҟᒵ ठᖴ............................................................................................................................................. i ᄔा............................................................................................................................................ii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. iii Ҟᒵ............................................................................................................................................ v კҞᒵ......................................................................................................................................vii ߄Ҟᒵ.................................................................................................................................... viii ಃ΋ക. ᆣፕ........................................................................................................................ 1. ಃ΋࿯. ࣴ‫ز‬ङඳ............................................................................................................ 1. ಃΒ࿯. ࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒ............................................................................................................ 3. ಃΟ࿯. ࣴ‫ز‬ୢᚒ............................................................................................................ 4. ಃѤ࿯. ࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬............................................................................................................ 5. ಃϖ࿯. ࣴ‫ز‬ጄൎ............................................................................................................ 5. ಃϤ࿯. ࣴ‫ࢬز‬ำ............................................................................................................ 6. ಃΒക. Ў᝘ᆕॊ................................................................................................................ 8. ಃ΋࿯. ܿࠄ٥ᆶࠄ٥તᙃ཰ϐว৖............................................................................ 8. ಃΒ࿯. તᙃౢ཰ӅҔ‫س‬಍ᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำϐྍଆǵख़ा‫܄‬ᆶ੝‫܄‬............................ 9. ಃΟ࿯. ቹៜતᙃ཰ᕮਏϐख़ाӢનϷӚѱ൑੝‫܄‬.................................................. 11. ಃѤ࿯. ᕮਏຑ՗࣬ᜢ౛ፕ.......................................................................................... 13. ಃϖ࿯. ၗ਑х๎ϩ‫࣬ݤ݋‬ᜢ౛ፕ.............................................................................. 15. ಃϤ࿯. ᐒႝπำౢ཰ϐࣴ‫ز‬...................................................................................... 17. ಃΟക. ࣴ‫ز‬ၗ਑ᆶࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬.......................................................................................... 19. ಃ΋࿯. ࣴ‫ࢎز‬ᄬᆶБ‫ݤ‬.............................................................................................. 19. ಃΒ࿯. ၗ਑ٰྍ.......................................................................................................... 24. ಃΟ࿯. Ӛ،฼ൂϡϣ೽ᆶѦ೽ᕉნჹ‫׫‬Ε໨ᆶౢр໨ϐቹៜ.............................. 25. ಃѤക. ঁਢ B Ϧљᔼၮᕮਏჴ᛾ࣴ‫ ز‬......................................................................... 27. ಃ΋࿯. ঁਢ B Ϧљᙁϟ .............................................................................................27. ಃΒ࿯. а‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐࣁ‫׫‬Ε໨ϐѱ൑ԃࡋᕮਏ DEA ϩ‫ ݋‬....................... 29. ಃΟ࿯. аԋҬਢঁኧࣁ‫׫‬Ε໨ϐѱ൑ԃࡋᕮਏ DEA ϩ‫ ݋‬................................... 72. ಃѤ࿯. аԋҬਢߎᚐᕴ‫׫ࣁک‬Ε໨ϐѱ൑ԃࡋᕮਏ DEA ϩ‫݋‬............................ 86. ಃϖ࿯. аҥ໨ਢঁኧࣁ‫׫‬Ε໨ϐѱ൑ԃࡋᕮਏ DEA ϩ‫ ݋‬................................... 93 Y. .

(8) ಃϤ࿯. ᔠ‫ۓ‬Ѧ೽Ӣનჹ‫ܭ‬ᕮਏ߄౜‫ޑ‬ቹៜ.............................................................. 99. ಃΎ࿯. ٩ԃࡋձᆕӝຑК........................................................................................ 110. ಃΖ࿯. ٩ѱ൑ձᆕӝຑК........................................................................................ 113. ಃΐ࿯. ٩ѱ൑ձԋҁ࿯‫ڋ‬ຑК................................................................................ 119. ಃϖക. ่ፕᆶࡌ᝼........................................................................................................ 125. ಃ΋࿯. ่ፕ................................................................................................................ 125. ಃΒ࿯. ࡌ᝼................................................................................................................ 126. ಃΟ࿯. ჴ୍ཀ఼........................................................................................................ 127. ಃѤ࿯. ࣴ‫ز‬ज़‫ڋ‬........................................................................................................ 128. ୖԵЎ᝘................................................................................................................................ 130 ߕᒵ........................................................................................................................................ 133. YL .

(9) კҞᒵ კ 1- 1 ࣴ‫ࢬز‬ำკ ................................................................................................................ 7 კ 2- 1 ා޸ය೤ሽ਱ᐕԃइᒵ .......................................................................................... 13 კ 3- 1 ࣴ‫ࢎز‬ᄬკ .............................................................................................................. 19 კ 3- 2 ‫׫‬Ε໨ᆶౢр໨ᆶ،฼ൂϡ .................................................................................. 21 კ 4- 1 ҥ໨ਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DMU К‫ٯ‬კҢ ........................................... 30 კ 4- 2 ԋҬਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DMU К‫ٯ‬კҢ ........................................... 37 კ 4- 3 ԋҬਢߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DMU К‫ٯ‬კҢ ........................................... 44 კ 4- 4 ЛճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DMU К‫ٯ‬კҢ ........................................... 51 კ 4- 5 ృճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DMU К‫ٯ‬კҢ ........................................... 58 კ 4- 6 ኳᔕృճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DMU К‫ٯ‬კҢ ................................... 66 კ 4- 7 ԋҬਢߎᚐჹКԋҬਢঁኧ DMU К‫ٯ‬კҢ ....................................................... 73 კ 4- 8 ЛճዎߎᚐჹКԋҬਢঁኧ DMU К‫ٯ‬კҢ ....................................................... 80 კ 4- 9 ЛճዎߎᚐჹКԋҬਢߎᚐ DMU К‫ٯ‬კҢ ....................................................... 87 კ 4- 10 ԋҬਢঁኧჹКҥ໨ਢঁኧ DMU К‫ٯ‬კҢ ..................................................... 94. YLL .

(10) ߄Ҟᒵ ߄ 2- 1 ѱ൑ձતᙃౢ཰ႝΚϷമπԋҁȐ2017 ԃࡋѳ֡ॶȑ ........................................ 13 ߄ 3- 1 ،฼ൂϡϣ೽ᆶѦ೽ᕉნǴჹ‫׫‬Ε໨ᆶౢр໨ϐቹៜ߄ӈ .................................. 25 ߄ 4- 1 ҥ໨ਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DMU ኧᏵ߄ӈ .............................................. 30 ߄ 4- 2 ҥ໨ਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-CCR ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ...... 31 ߄ 4- 3 ҥ໨ਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-CCR 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ...... 32 ߄ 4- 4 ҥ໨ਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-BCC ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ...... 33 ߄ 4- 5 ҥ໨ਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-BCC 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ...... 34 ߄ 4- 6 ҥ໨ਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐѤᅿϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ..................... 35 ߄ 4- 7 ԋҬਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DMU ኧᏵ߄ӈ .............................................. 36 ߄ 4- 8 ԋҬਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-CCR ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ...... 38 ߄ 4- 9 ԋҬਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-CCR 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ...... 39 ߄ 4- 10 ԋҬਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-BCC ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 40 ߄ 4- 11 ԋҬਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-BCC 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 41 ߄ 4- 12 ԋҬਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐѤᅿϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................... 42 ߄ 4- 13 ԋҬਢߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DMU ኧᏵ߄ӈ ............................................ 43 ߄ 4- 14 ԋҬਢߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-CCR ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 45 ߄ 4-15 ԋҬਢߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-CCR 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ..... 46 ߄ 4- 16 ԋҬਢߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-BCC ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 47 ߄ 4- 17 ԋҬਢߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-BCC 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 48 ߄ 4- 18 ԋҬਢߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐѤᅿϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................... 49 ߄ 4- 19 ЛճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DMU ኧᏵ߄ӈ ............................................ 50 ߄ 4- 20 ЛճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-CCR ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 52 ߄ 4- 21 ЛճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-CCR 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 53 ߄ 4- 22 ЛճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-BCC ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 54 ߄ 4- 23 ЛճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-BCC 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 55 ߄ 4- 24 ЛճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐѤᅿϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................... 56 ߄ 4- 25 ృճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DMU ኧᏵ߄ӈ ............................................ 57 ߄ 4- 26 ృճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-CCR ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 59 YLLL .

(11) ߄ 4- 27 ృճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-CCR 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 60 ߄ 4- 28 ృճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-BCC ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 61 ߄ 4- 29 ృճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DEA-BCC 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 62 ߄ 4- 30 ృճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐѤᅿϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................... 63 ߄ 4- 31 ኳᔕృճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ DMU ኧᏵ߄ӈ .................................... 65 ߄ 4- 32 ኳᔕృճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Ε DEA-CCR ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 67 ߄ 4- 33 ኳᔕృճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Ε DEA-CCR 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 68 ߄ 4- 34 ኳᔕృճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Ε DEA-BCC ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 69 ߄ 4- 35 ኳᔕృճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Ε DEA-BCC 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .... 70 ߄ 4- 36 ኳᔕృճዎߎᚐჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐѤᅿϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ........... 71 ߄ 4- 37 ԋҬਢߎᚐჹКԋҬਢঁኧ DMU ኧᏵ߄ӈ ........................................................ 72 ߄ 4- 38 ԋҬਢߎᚐჹКԋҬਢঁኧ DEA-CCR ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 74 ߄ 4- 39 ԋҬਢߎᚐჹКԋҬਢঁኧ DEA-CCR 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 75 ߄ 4- 40 ԋҬਢߎᚐჹКԋҬਢঁኧ DEA-BCC ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 76 ߄ 4- 41 ԋҬਢߎᚐჹКԋҬਢঁኧ DEA-BCC 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 77 ߄ 4- 42 ԋҬਢߎᚐჹКԋҬਢঁኧѤᅿϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ............................... 78 ߄ 4- 43 ЛճዎߎᚐჹКԋҬਢঁኧ DMU ኧᏵ߄ӈ ........................................................ 79 ߄ 4- 44 ЛճዎߎᚐჹКԋҬਢঁኧ DEA-CCR ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 81 ߄ 4- 45 ЛճዎߎᚐჹКԋҬਢঁኧ DEA-CCR 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 82 ߄ 4- 46 ЛճዎߎᚐჹКԋҬਢঁኧ DEA-BCC ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 83 ߄ 4- 47 ЛճዎߎᚐჹКԋҬਢঁኧ DEA-BCC 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 84 ߄ 4- 48 ЛճዎߎᚐჹКԋҬਢঁኧѤᅿϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ............................... 85 ߄ 4- 49 ЛճዎߎᚐჹКԋҬਢߎᚐ DMU ኧᏵ߄ӈ ........................................................ 86 ߄ 4- 50 ЛճዎߎᚐჹКԋҬਢߎᚐ DEA-CCR ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 88 ߄ 4- 51 ЛճዎߎᚐჹКԋҬਢߎᚐ DEA-CCR 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 89 ߄ 4- 52 ЛճዎߎᚐჹКԋҬਢߎᚐ DEA-BCC ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 90 ߄ 4- 53 ЛճዎߎᚐჹКԋҬਢߎᚐ DEA-BCC 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 91 ߄ 4- 54 ЛճዎߎᚐჹКԋҬਢߎᚐѤᅿϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ............................... 92 ߄ 4- 55 ԋҬਢঁኧჹКҥ໨ਢঁኧ DMU ኧᏵ߄ӈ ........................................................ 93 L[ .

(12) ߄ 4- 56 ԋҬਢঁኧჹКҥ໨ਢঁኧ DEA-CCR ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 95 ߄ 4- 57 ԋҬਢঁኧჹКҥ໨ਢঁኧ DEA-CCR 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 96 ߄ 4- 58 ҬਢঁኧჹКҥ໨ਢঁኧ DEA-BCC ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ .................... 97 ߄ 4- 59 ԋҬਢঁኧჹКҥ໨ਢঁኧ DEA-BCC 㰗рᏤӛϩ‫݋‬ѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ................ 98 ߄ 4- 60 ԋҬਢঁኧჹКҥ໨ਢঁኧѤᅿϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ ............................... 99 ߄ 4- 61 ҥ໨ਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐኳԄ‫ޑ‬ԃࡋձ Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ ۓ‬........... 100 ߄ 4- 62 ҥ໨ਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐኳԄ‫ࢂޑ‬ѱ൑ձ Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ ۓ‬....... 100 ߄ 4- 63 ԋҬਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐኳԄ‫ޑ‬ԃࡋձ Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ ۓ‬........... 101 ߄ 4- 64 ԋҬਢঁኧჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐኳԄ‫ޑ‬ѱ൑ձ Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ ۓ‬........... 101 ߄ 4- 65 ѱ൑ԃࡋҥԋҬਢߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐኳԄ‫ޑ‬ԃࡋձ KruskalWallis ᔠ‫ ۓ‬.............................................................................................................. 102 ߄ 4- 66 ѱ൑ԃࡋҥԋҬਢߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ㧉⺷‫ޑ‬ѱ൑ձ KruskalWallis ᔠ‫ ۓ‬............................................................................................................ 102 ߄ 4- 67 ѱ൑ԃࡋЛճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐኳԄ‫ޑ‬ԃࡋձ KruskalWallis ᔠ‫ ۓ‬............................................................................................................ 103 ߄ 4- 68 ѱ൑ԃࡋЛճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐኳԄ‫ޑ‬ѱ൑ձ KruskalWallis ᔠ‫ ۓ‬............................................................................................................ 103 ߄ 4- 69 ѱ൑ԃࡋృճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐኳԄ‫ޑ‬ԃࡋձ KruskalWallis ᔠ‫ ۓ‬............................................................................................................ 104 ߄ 4- 70 ѱ൑ԃࡋృճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐኳԄ‫ޑ‬ѱ൑ձ KruskalWallis ᔠ‫ ۓ‬............................................................................................................ 104 ߄ 4- 71 ѱ൑ԃࡋኳᔕృճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐኳԄ‫ޑ‬ԃࡋձ KruskalWallis ᔠ‫ ۓ‬............................................................................................................ 105 ߄ 4- 72 ѱ൑ԃࡋኳᔕృճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐኳԄ‫ޑ‬ѱ൑ձ KruskalWallis ᔠ‫ ۓ‬............................................................................................................ 105 ߄ 4- 73 ѱ൑ԃࡋԋҬਢߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ჹКԋҬਢঁኧኳԄ‫ޑ‬ԃࡋձ Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ۓ‬106 ߄ 4- 74 ѱ൑ԃࡋԋҬਢߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ჹКԋҬਢঁኧኳԄ‫ޑ‬ѱ൑ձ Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ۓ‬106 ߄ 4- 75 ѱ൑ԃࡋЛճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ჹКԋҬਢঁኧኳԄ‫ޑ‬ԃࡋձ Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ۓ‬107 ߄ 4- 76 ѱ൑ԃࡋЛճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ჹКԋҬਢঁኧኳԄ‫ޑ‬ѱ൑ձ Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ۓ‬107 [ .

(13) ߄ 4- 77 ѱ൑ԃࡋЛճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ჹКԋҬਢߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ኳԄ‫ޑ‬ԃࡋձ Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ۓ‬........................................................................................................................ 108 ߄ 4- 78 ѱ൑ԃࡋЛճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ჹКԋҬਢߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ኳԄ‫ޑ‬ѱ൑ձ Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ۓ‬........................................................................................................................ 108 ߄ 4- 79 ѱ൑ԃࡋԋҬਢঁኧჹКҥ໨ਢঁኧኳԄ‫ޑ‬ԃࡋձ Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ ۓ‬....... 109 ߄ 4- 80 ѱ൑ԃࡋԋҬਢঁኧჹКҥ໨ਢঁኧኳԄ‫ޑ‬ѱ൑ձ Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ ۓ‬....... 109 ߄ 4- 81 ԃࡋձ 10 ಔ DEA-CCR ჹКϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶ߄ӈ .................................................... 110 ߄ 4- 82 ԃࡋձ 10 ಔ DEA-BCC-I ჹКϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶ߄ӈ.................................................. 110 ߄ 4- 83 ԃࡋձ 10 ಔ DEA-BCC-O ჹКϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶ߄ӈ ................................................ 111 ߄ 4- 84 ёૈቹៜѱ൑ԃࡋᕮਏϐѦ೽ᕉნ٣ҹ߄ ......................................................... 112 ߄ 4- 85 ѱ൑ձ 10 ಔ DEA-CCR ჹКϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶ߄ӈ .................................................... 113 ߄ 4- 86 ѱ൑ձ 10 ಔ DEA-BCC-I ჹКϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶ߄ӈ.................................................. 113 ߄ 4- 87 ѱ൑ձ 10 ಔ DEA-BCC-O ჹКϩ‫݋‬ѳ֡ॶ߄ӈ ................................................ 114 ߄ 4- 88 ЛճჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Ε‫׫‬ΕᏤӛೕኳਏ౗Ϸೕኳൔၿѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ߄ ......... 115 ߄ 4- 89 ЛճჹК‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Ε㰗рᏤӛೕኳਏ౗Ϸೕኳൔၿѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ߄ ......... 118 ߄ 4- 90 ԋҬਢঁኧჹКҥ໨ਢঁኧ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛೕኳਏ౗Ϸೕኳൔၿѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ߄ . 123 ߄ 4- 91 ԋҬਢঁኧჹКҥ໨ਢঁኧ㰗рᏤӛೕኳਏ౗Ϸೕኳൔၿѱ൑ԃࡋϩӈ߄ . 124. [L .

(14) ಃ΋കġ ᆣፕ ಃ΋࿯ġࣴ‫ز‬ङඳ તᙃౢ཰ࢂ‫؂‬΋ঁ୯ৎϷѱ൑π཰ϯว৖‫ޑ‬፯݈ǴΨࢂࡕ຾୯ৎว৖π཰‫ޑޑ‬΋ ໨୷ᘵౢ཰ǶаൂՏ‫׫‬ၗᚐीᆉǴ࣬ၨ‫ځܭ‬дπ཰Ǵતᙃౢ཰ബ೷Αനӭ‫ޑ‬൩཰ᐒ཮Ǵ ՠӕਔΨࢂૈྍ੃઻നଯǶӵՖִ๓Ӧ೛ीતᙃౢ཰ᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍ǴԖਏ࿯ऊૈྍΨ ࣬ᜢતᙃౢ཰‫ޑ‬ԋ௳Ƕ ಃΒԛШࣚεᏯϐࡕǴ୯҇ࡹ۬௳ଏѠ᡼Ǵ೚ӭ΢ੇતᙃౢ཰཰Ьၟᒿ୯҇ࡹ۬ ᄖଏ౽ቷԿѠ᡼Ǵу΢೽ϩВᏵਔжࡌ‫ܭ‬Ѡ᡼ϐતᙃቷǴતᙃౢ཰ӧѠ᡼ว৖ѳ໩Ƕ 1970 ԃϐ߻ǴѠ᡼ࡹ۬ᝄ਱௓‫ڋ‬તᙃౢ཰‫׫‬ၗೕኳǶᗉխੌᔲ‫׫‬ၗǴჹѠ᡼ႝΚ੃઻ ౢғፂᔐǴΨᝄ਱ा‫ঁ؂؃‬ཥતᙃౢ཰‫׫‬ၗਢǴ೿Ѹ໪ၲ‫ډ‬፾ໆ࿶ᔮೕኳǶ1971 ԃѠ ᡼ଏрᖄӝ୯Ǵ୯҇ΓЈੌ୏࿶ᔮ୏ᕏǴࡹ۬ࣁᛙ‫ࡹۓ‬࿶௃༈Ǵஒ‫܌‬Ԗતᙃౢ཰ࡌቷ ҙፎӄ೽ਡ঑ǴѠ᡼‫ډ‬ೀё‫ډـ‬ελό΋તᙃ㰗཰ཥࡌਢࡼπǶ તᙃౢ཰ᐒఓࣁଯࡋ஑཰ϯ೛ഢǴѠ᡼ؒԖё᎞‫ޑ‬೛ഢᇙ೷‫ٮ‬ᔈ୘Ǵ‫܌‬Ԗતᙃౢ ཰ᐒఓ೛ഢ೿Ծऍ୯ǵኻࢪϷВҁ຾αǶࣁЍ࡭તᙃౢ཰஑཰ᐒఓ೛ഢଯਏ౗ၮᙯǴ ‫܌‬ሡा‫ޑ‬ᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍ΨࢂӚਢ࠼ᇙϯ੝ਸ‫س‬಍Ǵ࣬ၨ‫ځܭ‬дౢ཰ཱུࣁ‫ـش‬Ƕՠࢂત ᙃౢ཰ᐒႝπำ‫س‬಍೛ഢ‫ޑ‬ᇙ೷ǴόႽતᙃౢ཰ᐒఓٗ૓ଯᆒஏࡋǴ1971 ԃጲࠁ‫ޑ‬ત ᙃౢ཰ཥࡌπำਢ෢౜ѱ൑Ǵ೚ӭᐒႝπำϦљ઱઱‫׫‬Εતᙃౢ཰ᐒႝπำ୍ܺǴନ ү೷ኻࢪતᙃౢ཰ᐒႝπำ೛ഢѦǴΨِೲಕᑈΑుࠆ‫ޑ‬તᙃౢ཰ᐒႝπำ೛ी࿶ᡍǶ ΋ਔഖԖௗ߈ΜৎѠ᡼તᙃౢ཰ᐒႝπำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰Ǵࢲ៌‫ܭ‬Ѡ᡼તᙃౢ཰ѱ൑ǴࣗԿஒ ኻࢪતᙃౢ཰ᐒႝπำϡԴࠔจǴӵ LUWA Ϸ LTG ௨ᔒрѠ᡼ѱ൑Ƕ તᙃౢ཰஥୏Ѡ᡼࿶ᔮጲࠁว৖Ǵ࿶ᔮว৖ՔᒿԶٰ‫ޑ‬ᖒၗගϲǴࠅᓸᕭΑતᙃ ౢ཰ӧѠ᡼ғӸ‫ޜ‬໔Ƕતᙃౢ཰ബ೷നӭ൩཰ᐒ཮Ǵമπᖒၗԋҁගϲჹતᙃౢ཰‫ޑ‬ ፂᔐΨനεǶѠ᡼તᙃౢ཰໒‫ۈ‬ӛѦᎂ౽ǴӛമΚԋҁ࣬ჹߡ‫ࠄܿޑە‬٥Ǵӵӑѭว ৖‫׫‬ၗǶ1978 ԃύ୯‫ׯ‬ॠ໒‫ܫ‬㭵୏Ǵ1990 ԃжύ୯Ѯε‫֎ޑ‬ЇΚቹៜǴӭኧ‫ޑ‬Ѡ᡼ત ᙃౢ཰౽۳ύ୯ว৖Ƕ Ѡ᡼ӧӦતᙃౢ཰໒‫ۈ‬๺ᕭǴતᙃౢ཰ᐒႝπำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰‫ޣ‬य़ᖏᝄ቉ࡷᏯǶԖ٤཰ ‫ޣ‬ᒧ᏷ᙯ౽཰୍Ҟ኱Ǵӛႝηౢ཰ǵ१ࠔౢ཰Ϸᇙᛰౢ཰ว৖Ǵว৖ᇙำዅృ࠻‫ޜ‬ፓ ‫س‬಍Ƕᝩុว৖તᙃౢ཰ᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำ‫ޑ‬ϦљǴԖ‫ٿ‬ᅿᒧ᏷ǹ၀ՔᒿѠ᡼તᙃౢ཰຾ Εύ୯ว৖ǵӛܿࠄ٥ว৖ǶӢࣁᇟ‫ق‬Ўϯ‫ޑ‬ӕ፦‫܄‬Ǵӭኧᐒႝπำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰‫ޣ‬ЬΚᒧ .

(15) ᏷ӛύ୯ว৖ǶࡕٰӢࣁύ୯ѱ൑྽Ӧᝡ‫זޣݾ‬ೲஙଆǴ೭٤ӧύ୯ว৖તᙃౢ཰ᐒ ႝ‫س‬಍‫܍‬ᡙ཰‫ޣ‬೿ςᄖଏӣѠ᡼Ƕᒧ᏷Ⴝܿࠄ٥ѱ൑ว৖‫ޑ‬ϦљǴа‫ೌמ‬Ϸԋҁᓬ༈ ᆶኻࢪӕ཰ᝡ‫ݾ‬Ǵ‫ݾ‬೴ܿࠄ٥཰ЬϐતᙃቷࡌਢǶԖΟৎતᙃౢ཰ᐒႝπำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰‫ޣ‬Ǵ ֻඦϦљǵԮԋϦљϷҁፕЎ௖૸ϐ B ϦљǴԋфҥ‫ࠄܿى‬٥ѱ൑Ǵа୯ሞπำ‫܍‬ᡙ ኳԄǴ୍ܺѠ᡼Ϸܿࠄ٥྽Ӧ཰‫׫ޣ‬ၗ‫ޑ‬તᙃౢ཰Ƕ ঁਢ B Ϧљஒ཰୍ЬΚӄ೽Ꮴӛܿࠄ٥ѱ൑ǴࣗԿஒᕴϦљԾѠ᡼Ѡчᎂ౽‫ډ‬ੀ ୯ୗ‫ك‬ǴନΑܿࠄ٥ѱ൑ѦǴ‫׳‬຾΋‫؁‬ஒ཰୍᝻‫ف‬ᘉк‫ࠄډ‬٥ϷύܿǴ٠Ъӧӑѭǵ ‫ۏ‬у܎ϷຫࠄԋҥϩϦљǶ તᙃౢ཰ᐒႝ‫س‬಍πำӧཥࡌਢӄਢ‫׫‬ၗԋҁК‫ٯ‬ऊ 5%Ǵՠࢂࠅࢂཥࡌਢૈ࿶ᔮ Ӧԋфғౢଯࠔ፦ౢࠔ‫ޑ‬ѸाచҹǶኻࢪϷВҁતᙃᐒఓ‫ٮ‬ᔈ୘Ǵᝡ೴ཥࡌਢ՞‫׫‬ၗ ԋҁК‫ٯ‬നଯ‫ޑ‬તᙃᐒఓғཀǶཥࡌਢ‫܌‬ӧӦβЕ‫܍‬х୘Ǵᝡ೴‫׫‬ၗԋҁК‫ٯ‬ԛଯϐ ቷ‫ࡌ܊‬ᑐғཀǶતᙃౢ཰ᐒႝ‫س‬಍πำӢࣁ‫܍‬ᡙߎᚐό୼εǴӄਢ୺Չਔ໔ΞࡐߏԶ ЪᕷᅥǴኻࢪǵऍ୯ϷВҁ฻Ӄ຾୯ৎόΜϩख़ຎ೭ঁ୘཰ሦୱǶ࣬ၨ‫҇ܭ‬ғǵ୘཰ Ϸ΋૓ౢ཰ᐒႝπำǴતᙃౢ཰ᐒႝπำၨࣁ੝ਸǴཥࡌਢ‫܌‬ӧӦᐒႝπำ‫܍‬х୘Ǵ ΞؒԖ‫ೌמ୼ى‬࿶ᡍǴ‫܍‬ᡙતᙃౢ཰ӵԜ੝ਸЪख़ाϐଯ໘ᐒႝ‫س‬಍πำǶӢԜǴѠ ᡼‫܍‬ᡙ୘ӧ୯ሞ΢ǴЀ‫ࠄܿࢂځ‬٥ѱ൑ǴӧԜ୘཰ሦୱߚதࢲᝬǶ ঁਢ B Ϧљόѝੋᘪܿࠄ٥ѱ൑ǴԶЪ௢຾ࠄ٥ѱ൑Ƕܿࠄ٥Ӛঁ୯ৎࡹ࿶ᕉნ ৡ౦ࡐεǴਔԶวғፂᔐ࿶ᔮඳ਻ϐࡹ࿶٣ҹǴԜᜪፂᔐǴѠ᡼཰‫ޣ‬ӭኧؒԖ࿶ᡍय़ ჹǶࠄ٥ϐ҇௼‫܄‬ᆶ୯ৎว৖ᐕўǴᆶѠ᡼࣬ৡ‫׳‬εǴѠ᡼཰‫߻ޣ‬۳೭٤ѱ൑ว৖Ǵ ӵӕᄗҡၸ‫ݞ‬૓‫؁؁‬ᖑᜤǶ ᆕᢀа۳૸ፕᐒႝౢ཰ᆅ౛‫܈‬ᕮਏຑ՗Ў᝘Ǵ‫૸܌‬ፕ‫ޑ‬ჹຝӭࢂ୘཰Ϸ΋૓ౢ཰ ᐒႝπำ‫܍‬ᡙғཀǴՉ཰ࢲ୏‫܌‬ӧӦΨӭࣁѠ᡼Ϸύ୯Ƕҁࣴ‫ز‬ჹຝ B Ϧљவ٣ၨ੝ ਸϐπำ‫܍‬ᡙǴѱ൑ሦୱ࣬ၨ‫زࣴ߻ܭ‬ЎΨၨࣁ੝ਸǴ჋၂Ҕၗ਑х๎ϩ‫݋‬ȐDEAȑ ‫ݤ‬ǴीᆉӚঁѱ൑ԃࡋᕮਏॶբຑКǶයࡑຑК่݀ૈ‫ٮ‬۳ࡕவ٣੝ਸᐒႝπำ‫܍‬ᡙ ཰‫ୖޣ‬ԵǴΨ‫׆‬ఈຑК่݀ёа‫ٮ‬ว৖ᆶҁЎ࣬ӕѱ൑ϐҺՖౢ཰‫ୖޣ‬ԵǶ. .

(16) ಃΒ࿯ġࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒ ӄౚ౜жતᙃౢ཰ғౢ୷Ӧόᘐᎂ౽Ǵவπ཰ॠ‫ڮ‬໒‫ޑۈ‬म୯ǵኻഌǵऍ୯ǵВ ҁǵᗬ୯ϷѠ᡼ǵύ୯Ϸܿࠄ٥฻Ǵᝩុӛࠄ٥Ϸߚࢪว৖Ƕતᙃౢ཰ᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำ ‫܍‬ᡙϦљǴՔᒿતᙃౢ཰ӛཥᑫѱ൑ว৖Ǵၸѐ 25 ԃ‫ޑ‬ว৖ॉၞǴёૈ཮ӧ҂ٰཥᑫ ѱ൑ख़౜Ƕӵ݀ૈ௖‫؃‬рፏӭӢનჹѱ൑ᕮਏቹៜКख़Ǵჹว৖҂ٰཥᑫѱ൑ೕჄ، ฼ਔѸԖୖԵሽॶǶ πำ‫܍‬х࠼Њჹຝࣁતᙃౢ཰ϐཥᘉࡌਢǴόऩ΋૓୘཰ѱ൑ǴёаҔѳ֡ѱ൑ ᎍ୧ኧໆ‫ߎ܈‬ᚐǴٰႣෳѱ൑‫و‬ӛ‫܈‬ຑղѱ൑࿶ᔼᕮਏǶ‫؂‬΋ঁҞ኱ࡌਢՉᎍԋᕮѝ Ԗ΋ᆶ႟Ǵ‫؂‬΋ঁࡌਢѝԖಃ΋Ӝ‫܍ޑ‬ᡙ୘Ԗғཀ଺ǴಃΒӜᆶಃΜӜ‫ޑ‬Π൑೿ࢂ΋ ኬ཰ᕮࣁ႟ǴոΚ‫׫‬Εᑈཱུ‫ڗݾ‬Ǵό۩ပᒧ‫ޑ‬ಃΒӜ‫ޑ‬ቷ୘ǴӢࣁ‫׫‬Ε‫ޑ‬ΓΚਔ໔฻ ԋҁଯ‫ځܭ‬дᝡ‫ޣݾ‬Ǵࡌਢ‫ڗݾ‬Ѩ௳‫ޑ‬଄୍ཞѨᗋёૈК‫ځ‬дပᒧቷ୘ٰளଯǶ ନΑа΢Ϧљϣ೽‫׫‬Εҽᚐǵ஑ਢᒧ᏷཮ቹៜѱ൑ᕮਏѦǴѱ൑Ѧ೽ᕉნ‫ٯ‬ӵૈ ྍԋҁȐႝΚǵనϯҡ‫਻ݨ‬ǵϺฅ਻ǵख़‫ݨ‬Ϸྡࣅ฻ȑǵচ਑ԋҁȐා޸ǵϯᏢᠼᆢ Ϸዀ਑฻ȑΨ཮ჹѱ൑તᙃౢ཰ඳ਻೷ԋቹៜǴ຾Զቹៜᐒႝπำ‫س‬಍‫܍‬ᡙ཰ѱ൑ᕮ ਏǶ ୖԵӄౚౢ཰ኧᏵǴતᙃ཰ԃࡋ᏾ᡏѱ൑ҽᚐёаεౣ՗ीǶՠࡐ৒ܰ‫ڙ‬όёႣ යࡹ‫ݯ‬Ϸ࿶ᔮ٣ҹ‫܌‬ቹៜǴࣗԿӧ΋δϐ໔‫܌‬ԖႣ՗ҽᚐӄฅ੃ѨǶ‫ٯ‬ӵ 1998 ԃܿࠄ ٥ඳ਻॥ኪǵ2008 ԃШࣚ৮ཉ‫܄‬࿶ᔮӒᐒቹៜǴ‫܌‬Ԗѱ൑ཥࡌਢᕴҽᚐε൯෧ϿǴࣗ Կֹӄ੃ѨǶу΢Ӛձѱ൑ࡹ࿶௃༈ቹៜǴ‫ٯ‬ӵ 1999 ԃЃ୷ථ‫ैڶ‬٣ࡹᡂǵੀ୯ 2006 ԃϷ 2014 ԃ‫ٿ‬ԛै٣ࡹᡂǵ2011 ԃੀ୯ύ೽εय़ᑈߏਔ໔వНǵ2009 ԃ‫ۏ‬у܎ ै٣ࡹᡂǵ2014 ԃຫࠄϸύ௨๮ኪ୏฻Ǵ೿ፂᔐΑԃࡋѱ൑Ⴃෳ‫و‬ӛǶԖ٤ѱ൑ࣗԿ ೱ҅தᒧᖐࡹ۬៾ΚᡂϯǴΨుϪ‫ޑ‬ቹៜࡌਢ຾ࡋǴჹ཰ᕮ‫ޑ‬ቹៜѮεǶ ӧ౜Ԗᔼၮᆅ౛‫܈‬ϩ‫݋‬ᔼၮᕮਏЎ᝘ύǴ૸ፕᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰୍Ў᝘ၨϿǴ ჹၠ୯ᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำᔼၮᆅ౛‫ޑ‬Ў᝘όӭ‫ـ‬Ǵ๱౳ӧતᙃౢ཰ၠ୯ᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำᔼၮ Ў᝘ᜤ൨Ƕ ঁਢ B ϦљঁਢϦљѱ൑ጄൎх֖ੀ୯ǵ‫ۏ‬у܎ǵຫࠄǵЃ୷ථ‫ڶ‬ϷύܿǶѱ൑ ጄൎ࣬ၨ‫ܭ‬εӭኧѠ᡼πำϦљ࣬྽੝ਸǴӧၸѐ‫ޑ‬Ў᝘ύӕਔੋϷ೭٤ѱ൑૸ፕϩ ‫݋‬Ͽ‫ـ‬ǶԶЪঁਢ B ϦљஒᔼၮύЈᎂ౽‫ډ‬ੀ୯ୗ‫ك‬ǴӧѠ᡼Ϧљ‫ޑ‬࿶ᔼࠠᄊύΨࡐ ੝ਸǴؒᒤ‫ݤ‬ӧၸѐ‫ޑ‬Ў᝘ύ‫ډפ‬ᜪ՟ङඳϐঁਢࣴ‫ز‬ϩ‫݋‬Ƕ .

(17) Ⴝঁਢ B Ϧљ೭ኬவ٣੝ਸ‫ޑ‬તᙃౢ཰ᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰୍Ǵ཰୍ᝡ‫ݾ‬Ӹӧ႟ ‫ރک‬ᄊǴό৒ܰҔ୘཰К‫ٯ‬ϩ‫݋‬Ⴃෳѱ൑ᅖੋำࡋǶҞ኱ѱ൑ΨѸ໪ଛӝતᙃౢ཰ӛ Шࣚࡕ຾୯ৎᎂ౽Ǵࡕ຾ว৖ύ୯ৎ৒ܰวғ‫ࡹޑ‬࿶ፂᔐǴӧᆅ౛ᏢЎ᝘ύ૸ፕ‫ߚޑ‬ தϿǶаౢ཰ձϷѱ൑ጄൎٰፕǴҁፕЎჹঁਢ B Ϧљѱ൑ᕮਏᆶϣ೽ϷѦ೽‫׫‬ΕӢ નϐᡄᒠϩ‫݋‬Ǵ຾Զᆶѱ൑ࡹ‫ݯ‬࿶ᔮ٣ҹϐวғ଺КჹǴࢂЬᚒϷሦୱၨࣁ੝ਸ‫ࣴޑ‬ ‫ز‬௖૸Ƕ. ಃΟ࿯ġࣴ‫ز‬ୢᚒ ঁਢ B Ϧљςԋҥ 20 ൳ԃΑǴᐕ࿶ኧ൑ჹѦᘉ஭໘ࢤǴ‫؂‬΋ԛҞ኱ѱ൑‫ޑ‬ᘉ஭، ฼ό΋‫ۓ‬೿཮ԋфǴ‫ٯ‬ӵჹӑࡋѱ൑‫׫ޑ‬Εᆶ჋၂Ǵ൩ࢂ΋ঁѨ௳‫ޑ‬ጄ‫ٯ‬ǶԋфӦ຾ ΕΑᒧ᏷‫ޑ‬Ҟ኱ѱ൑ࡕǴ‫؂‬΋ঁѱ൑य़ᖏ‫ޑ‬ୢᚒǴว৖‫ޑ‬ॉၞΨεό࣬ӕǶ Ԗ٤ѱ൑຾Εࡕଭ΢෢౜ࡐӭԋਢǴԶЪঁਢճዎК࣬྽ଯǴՠࢂࡕុ‫ޑ‬ว৖ࠅ зΓѨఈǴ‫ٯ‬ӵੀ୯ѱ൑Ƕӧੀ୯ѱ൑ঁਢ B ϦљඓඝΑੀ୯તᙃ㰗཰ཥࡌਢຬၸΐ ԋ‫܍‬ᡙ཰ᕮǴՠੀ୯તᙃౢ཰߈ԃӢπၗଯᅍǴႝΚԋҁၨ‫ځ‬дѱ൑ଯǴόᘐ๺ᕭǴ ѱ൑ೕኳค‫ݤ‬ᆶҁፕЎ௖૸ϐќΟѱ൑‫ۏ‬у܎ǵЃ୷ථ‫ڶ‬Ϸຫࠄ࣬ፕǶԖ٤ѱ൑‫׫‬Ε ჋၂යᝡ‫ߚݾ‬தቃਗ਼ǴԋਢኧᘐᘐុុǴԶЪঁਢճዎК࣬྽եࣗԿ፝ᒲǴՠࢂӧന ߈‫ޑ‬ϖԃǴࠅࢂϦљЬाճዎ‫ྍٰޑ‬Ǵ‫ٯ‬ӵ‫ۏ‬у܎ѱ൑Ƕ ঁਢ B Ϧљჹੀ୯ѱ൑Ϸ‫ۏ‬у܎ѱ൑‫׫ޑ‬Εǵ჋၂Ϸᝡ‫ݾ‬բࣁεठ࣬ӕǶΨӕኬ ӧѱ൑྽ӦԋҥϦљಔᙃǴჹ࠼ЊϷҔЊ଺നֹ๓‫୍ܺޑ‬Ǵՠࢂѱ൑‫ࠅݩރ‬Ԗ࣬྽ε ‫ޑ‬ৡ౦ǶB Ϧљѱ൑཰ᕮइᒵύܴᡉё‫ޕ‬Ǵঁձѱ൑ࡹ࿶௃༈ჹѱ൑཰ᕮԖቹៜǴՠ ՟Яӄౚ‫ޑ܄‬ා޸ය೤ሽ਱‫୏ݢ‬ǴΨቹៜӚѱ൑၀ԃࡋ཰ᕮǴԶЪා޸ය೤ሽ਱‫୏ݢ‬Ǵ ჹ‫؂‬΋ঁѱ൑཰ᕮቹៜК‫ٯ‬Ψό΋ठǶ‫ځ‬дѦ೽ᕉნӵતᙃ㰗཰ૈྍԋҁǵമΚԋҁ ᡂ୏Ψჹѱ൑཰ᕮౢғቹៜǶ ฽‫ޣ‬჋၂ӧҁЎࣴ‫ز‬Ǵঁਢ B Ϧљϣ೽Ӛѱ൑ԃࡋ଄୍ኧᏵǴϷӚѱ൑ԃࡋѦ೽ ᕉნᡂϯǴჹঁਢ B Ϧљѱ൑཰ᕮϐቹៜǶᔈҔၗ਑х๎ϩ‫ݤ݋‬ȐDEAȑǴ௖૸ঁਢ B Ϧљѱ൑ԃࡋ‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐǴࢂցჹ཰ᕮԖቹៜӵǺ 1. όӕԃࡋϐ߻ࡕය཰୍ᕮਏࢂցԖܴᡉৡ౦ǻ 2. Ѧ೽ᕉნࢂցჹԃࡋϐ཰୍ᕮਏԖቹៜǻ 3. όӕѱ൑ࢂց೷ԋ཰୍ᕮਏϐৡ౦ǻ 4. ࿯‫ۓڰڋ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕϐኳԄࢂցჹ཰୍ᕮਏԖቹៜǻ .

(18) ಃѤ࿯ġࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ ਥᏵа΢ࣴ‫ز‬ୢᚒ‫ޑ‬௖઩Ǵ‫׆‬ఈёаၲԋаΠࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬Ǻ ΋ǵග‫ঁٮ‬ਢ B ϦљೕჄ҂ٰᔼၮБଞϷᘉ৖ཥѱ൑Ѳֽୖଜ යఈҁࣴ‫ૈ่݀ز‬๏ঁਢ B ϦљǴय़ჹ҂ٰѦ೽ᕉნᡂϯǴёаୖԵࣴ‫ز‬ϩ ‫่݀݋‬ǴೕჄѱ൑‫׫‬ΕҽᚐǶҁࣴ‫ز‬Ψ೚ค‫ֹݤ‬ӄ৖౜ӄय़‫ޑ܄‬ᡄᒠϩ‫݋‬Ǵՠࢂ යࡑӄኧᏵीᆉϩ‫݋‬Ǵૈග‫ٮ‬Ϧљ҂ٰࡹ฼ೕჄǶࣗԿ҂ٰӆࡋय़ჹόёႣෳ‫ޑ‬ ࡹ‫ݯ‬࿶ᔮ௃༈ᡂϯፂᔐਔǴԖၸѐኧᏵ૶ᒵԄ‫ޑ‬ᡄᒠϩ‫݋‬Ǵёِೲፓ᏾ѱ൑‫׫‬Ε ҽᚐ‫ୖޑ‬ԵၗૻǶЀ‫ځ‬य़ჹ 2018 ԃ໒‫ۈ‬ᑫଆ‫ޑ‬ऍ୯ᆶύ୯࿶ᔮຩܰεᏯǴঁਢ B ϦљԖёૈय़ᖏКၸѐ‫׳‬ᓎᕷǵ‫ँ׳‬ฅǵ‫׳‬மਗ਼Ϸӄౚϯϐࡹ‫ݯ‬࿶ᔮ௃༈ᡂ୏ፂ ᔐǶࣗԿёаբࣁ B Ϧљ҂ٰ‫ܗ‬৖ཥѱ൑ਔǴѲֽϷ฼ౣԵໆୖԵǶ Βǵග‫ ٮ‬B ϦљѤঁҞ኱ѱ൑‫ޑ‬КၨᆶୖԵ ҁࣴ‫ঁز‬ਢ B Ϧљ‫ ޑ‬4 ঁҞ኱ѱ൑Ǵ೿ࢂҞ߻ᆵ᡼ࡹ۬εΚ௢Չཥࠄӛ࿶ᔮ ว৖ጄൎǴঁਢ B Ϧљς࿶ӧ೭Ѥঁѱ൑࿶ᔼຬၸ 20 ԃǴ‫ځ‬ύ‫ۏ‬у܎ᆶЃ୷ථ‫ڶ‬Ǵ ჹ‫ځ‬дѠ᡼ϦљԶ‫ࢂق‬ၨࣁढ़ғ‫ޑ‬ѱ൑Ǵҁࣴ‫ز‬ନΑϩ‫݋‬Кၨঁਢ B Ϧљ࿶ᔼኧ ᏵѦǴᗋஒ‫ע‬ϩ‫่݀݋‬Ǵᆶঁձѱ൑੝ਸࡹ‫ݯ‬࿶ᔮ௃༈଺ჹКǶ‫ٯ‬ӵै٣ࡹᡂǵ Ϻ‫ؠ‬ǵӄౚ‫ߎ܄‬ᑼӒᐒᆶচ‫ނ‬਑ሽ਱౦த‫୏ݢ‬Ǵჹતᙃౢ཰ว৖‫ޑ‬ቹៜǶ೭٤ঁ ձѱ൑੝ਸ௃༈ǴΨёբࣁ‫ځ‬дҞ኱ѱ൑‫ୖޑ‬Եᆶॷ᜔Ƕ Οǵёբࣁ‫ځ‬дӕᜪࠠϐπำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰‫ୖޣ‬Ե ࣴ‫่݀ز‬ǴΨёаග‫ٮ‬๏ӕᜪࠠϐπำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰ୖԵǶ‫׫‬Ε໨‫ޑ‬ಒ࿯ኧᏵǴӧ όӕ‫ޑ‬πำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰ёૈόӕǶՠջ٬όӕ‫س‬಍πำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰ΨӸӧᜪ՟‫׫ޑ‬Ε໨Ǵ ӵ‫׫‬ၗߎᚐǵ‫׫‬Ε཰୍ΓΚǵ‫׫‬ΕೕჄൔሽਢኧ฻ǶҁፕЎࣴ‫ز‬ϩ‫݋‬Б‫ݤ‬ჹπำ ‫܍‬ᡙࣚǴࢂ΋ঁёаୖԵ‫ޑ‬ᕮਏຑ᠙Б‫ݤ‬Ƕёаග‫ٮ‬๏ჹ೭٤ѱ൑Ԗᑫ፪‫ޑ‬Ѡ᡼ ϦљୖԵǶ. ಃϖ࿯ġࣴ‫ز‬ጄൎ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ኧᏵѱ൑ጄൎԵໆঁਢ B ϦљҞ߻Ϧљಔᙃϩ៾ኳԄǴජ٩ੀ୯ୗ‫ك‬ၮᙯ ύЈ࡭ុ࿶ᔼ‫ ޑ‬4 ঁѱ൑ࣁࣴ‫ز‬ჹຝǴջੀ୯ǵ‫ۏ‬у܎ǵຫࠄǵЃ୷ථ‫ڶ‬ᆶύܿǶ೭ Ѥঁѱ൑તᙃ཰ว৖ၸำǴતᙃҾ཰࿶ᔼБԄᆶҞ኱೿ό΋ኬǶᗨฅঁਢ B Ϧљς࿶ Ҕৡ౦ϯ࿶ᔼኳԄٰᔈჹǴՠѤঁѱ൑‫ޑ‬ᕮਏӣ㎸ᆶ߻ඳ৖ఈৡ౦‫܄‬ϝฅߚதεǶ. .

(19) ҁࣴ‫ز‬ኧᏵԃࡋၠຯࣁ 2006 ԃԿ 2017 ԃǴය໔࿶ᐕΑ೚ӭѱ൑ࡹ‫ݯ‬࿶ᔮ௃༈ᡂ ϯǴ‫ٯ‬ӵЃ୷ථ‫۬ࡹैڶ‬ၸ෠҇Ьࡹ۬ၸำǵ‫ۏ‬у܎ै٣Κໆௗᆅࡹ۬Ϸᗋ៾҇Ьࡹ ۬ၸำǵੀ୯‫ٿ‬ԛै٣Κໆௗᆅࡹ۬ၸำǵੀ୯εय़ᑈవНቹៜ࿶ᔮϷౢ཰ၸำǵຫ ࠄϸύ௨๮ኪ୏ቹៜౢ཰ၸำǵӄౚߎᑼӒᐒ೷ԋౢ཰૰ଏၸำǵා޸ය೤ᅭ‫ئ‬ᅍຳ ቹៜતᙃౢ཰ၸำǶ೭ 12 ঁԃࡋΨࢂঁਢ B Ϧљதᄊ‫܄‬թֽ࿶ᔼ΢ॊѤਡЈঁѱ൑‫ޑ‬ ೱុ‫܄‬ၸำǶ. ಃϤ࿯ġࣴ‫ࢬز‬ำ ಃ΋കǺᆣፕ ᇥܴࣴ‫ز‬ङඳϷࣴ‫୏ز‬ᐒǴឍॊၠ୯πำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰ᕮਏόܰຑ‫ۓ‬ϐ֚ნǶᔕ‫زࣴۓ‬ ѱ൑Ҟ‫ޑ‬Ǵයࡑࣴ‫่݀ز‬ёϷϐշ੻Ƕࡓ‫زࣴۓ‬ѱ൑ጄൎϷԃࡋਔය኱‫ޑ‬ǴႣ‫زࣴۓ‬ ࢬำǶ ಃΒകǺЎ᝘ᆕॊ ᇥܴતᙃౢ཰ϐᐕўङඳᆶ੝ਸ‫܄‬Ǵឍॊᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍ᆶ㰗཰ϐว৖ॉၞǴϟಏ ঁਢ B Ϧљவ٣ϐπำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰୍Ǵឍॊӄౚ࿶ᔮ௃༈Ϸঁձѱ൑చҹჹঁਢ B Ϧљ཰ ୍ᕮቹៜǶ ಃΟകǺࣴ‫ز‬ၗ਑ᆶࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ ഋॊҁࣴ‫ز‬ीჄᒧ᏷Ֆᅿၗ਑х๎ϩ‫(ݤ݋‬DEA)ǴᔈҔ‫ঁܭ‬ਢ B ϦљӚѱ൑ϐᐒ ႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰ᕮਏຑКǴঁਢ B ϦљइᒵኧᏵᘜય᏾౛Ǵᔕ‫ۓ‬ၗ਑ᒧ‫ڗ‬ጄൎᆶԃ ࡋය໔Ƕ ಃѤകǺঁਢ B Ϧљᔼၮᕮਏჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬ ஒᒧ‫ۓ‬ϐ‫׫‬Ε໨ᆶౢр໨Ǵ٩ྣόӕѱ൑ǵόӕԃࡋǴ଺ӭБӛϩ‫݋‬ीᆉǴКჹ όӕБӛϩ‫่݀݋‬ϐᡄᒠ‫܄‬Ǵୖྣӄౚ࿶ᔮ‫ݩރ‬ኧॶइᒵǴϷঁձѱ൑੝ਸ ࡹ࿶௃‫ݩ‬చҹ૶ᒵǴ൨‫؃‬ᕮਏᡂϯϐӝᡄᒠচӢှញǶ ಃϖകǺ่ፕᆶࡌ᝼ ගрࣴ‫่ز‬ፕǴЇҙࣴ‫ز‬གགྷǴ௖૸ၗ਑х๎ϩ‫(ݤ݋‬DEA)ǴҔ‫ঁܭ‬ਢ B Ϧљၠ ୯તᙃ㰗཰ᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍πำ‫܍‬ᡙᕮਏຑ՗ϐ፾ӝࡋǴගрჹঁਢ B Ϧљගϲᕮਏϐ ࡌ᝼Ƕ. .

(20) ᒧ‫زࣴۓ‬ჹຝᒧ‫زࣴۓ‬ჹຝ. ೛‫ۓ‬ϩ‫݋‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬. ᑔᒧ‫ڙ‬ຑ DMU. ጓᒧ‫׫‬Ε໨Ϸౢр໨. ᒧु DEA ኳԄ. ၮҔ EDA ೬ᡏຑКӚ DMU. ϩ‫่݀݋‬ᆶѦ೽ᕉნ٣ҹКၨ. კ 1- 1 ࣴ‫ࢬز‬ำკ. .

(21) ಃΒകġ Ў᝘ᆕॊ ಃ΋࿯ġܿࠄ٥ᆶࠄ٥તᙃ཰ϐว৖ ౜жતᙃ཰‫ܭۈ‬म୯π཰ॠ‫ڮ‬Ǵаᐒఓ୏Κεໆଯೲғౢ‫ڗ‬жচЋπғౢǶ٠ε ໆ౽෌চ਑ (ӵා޸) ᅿ෌‫ܭ‬ऍ୯ǵᐞࢪǵЃՋ฻ӦǶ௦໣চ਑ၮᒡԿम୯ǵኻࢪǵऍ ୯฻Ǵаଯೲπ཰ϯғౢથጕǵથѲᎍ୧ԿӄౚǶȐच՘ຬǴ2010ǹSven BeckertǴ 2014ȑ मऍǵኻࢪ฻໺಍તᙃғౢ୯ǴΓπԋҁε൯ගଯࡕǴતᙃ཰໒‫ۈ‬౽ӛ٥ࢪǶВ ҁࣁ٥ࢪતᙃ཰‫ޑ‬ᔲᙡǴԾಃ΋ԛШࣚεᏯࡕВҁջ໒‫ۈ‬ว৖તᙃǴஒౢࠔՉᎍӄШ ࣚǶಃΒԛШࣚεᏯࡕǴВҁ‫׳‬Ꮷᙖતᙃౢ཰‫ז‬ೲග‫ٮ‬൩཰ᐒ཮ǴࣁВҁಃΒԛШࣚ εᏯࡕ҇ғౢ཰ൺᑫϐЬाᏧᙖǶᝩमऍǴኻࢪϐࡕǴВҁતᙃౢ཰Ψय़ᖏΓπԋҁ ଯᅍ‫ֽޑ‬य़ Ǵતᙃౢ ཰ғౢख़ᙼ Ǵ ‫ ז‬ೲ ౽ ۳ᗬ୯ǵѠ ᡼ Ƕ( Ц ම ω Ǵ2001ǹSven BeckertǴ2014) ಃΒԛШࣚεᏯϐ߻ǴВᏵਔж‫ޑ‬Ѡ᡼Ǵતᙃౢ཰ೕኳ႟ࢃǴ੃຤‫܄‬તᙃࠔӭҗ Вҁ຾αǴѠ᡼તᙃౢ཰ағౢౢ཰ϐતᙃࠔࣁЬǴ‫ٯ‬ӵഞѲ೓ǶಃΒԛШࣚεᏯϐ ࡕǴ΢ੇ೽ϩતᙃౢ཰཰ЬǴၟᒿ୯҇ល౽ቷѠ᡼Ƕ1950 ԃᗬᏯᛈวǴऍ୯ᑈཱུජշ Ѡ᡼ǴѠ᡼а“຾αඹжࡹ฼”‫࡭ן‬તᙃ཰ǴаᓬӃଛႝǵѦ༊ፓኘϷᑼၗျࡋ฻բࣁǴ Ѝ࡭Ѡ᡼તᙃౢ཰ǶԿ 1953 ԃѠ᡼તᙃౢ཰ౢࠔǴ‫ٮ୼ى‬ᔈѠ᡼ნϣሡ‫؃‬Ծ‫ى‬ǴࣗԿ а“ံຠрα”Ћࢤ௢୏рαǶѠ᡼તᙃౢࠔԋфѦᎍऍ୯Ǵ‫؂‬ԃѦᎍᚐِೲԋߏǴԶ ‫ܕ‬ठ 1962 ԃᎁऍ୯ೕ‫ۓ‬рαज़ᚐǶջ٬Ѡ᡼ᎁ‫ ڙ‬1971 ԃଏрᖄӝ୯ѦҬፂᔐǴѠ᡼ તᙃౢࠔѦᎍԿऍ୯ߎᚐǴϝฅӧ 1975 ԃຬຫВҁતᙃౢࠔѦᎍԿऍ୯‫ߎޑ‬ᚐǶȐഋ ӆܴǴ1996ǹᘲۗЎǴ2008ǹጰऍमǴ2017ȑ Ѡ᡼π཰ϯว৖߃යǴતᙃౢ཰բࣁѠ᡼π཰ϯ‫ޑ‬Ӄ᎔Ǵતᙃౢ཰՞Ѡ᡼ᇙ೷཰ ᕴౢॶК‫࣬ٯ‬྽ଯǴ՞Ѡ᡼ᇙ೷཰ᕴౢॶ 20%ǶѠ᡼તᙃౢࠔрαॶǴΨ՞Ѡ᡼ᕴр αॶ࣬྽ଯК‫ٯ‬Ǵ‫ ܭ‬1971 ԃၲ‫ډ‬നଯ᎔Ǵ՞Ѡ᡼ᕴрαॶ 38%ǶԶࡕѠ᡼‫ځ‬дౢ཰ഌ ុว৖ǴΓπԋҁ‫ޑ‬ගϲ೷ԋѠ᡼તᙃౢ཰ว৖ଶᅉǴࣗԶ૰ଏǶતᙃౢࠔӧѠ᡼ᕴ рαॶК‫ٯ‬Ǵ‫ ܭ‬2004 ԃ૰ଏ‫ ډ‬7%Ƕતᙃౢ཰эѠ᡼ᇙ೷཰ᕴౢॶК‫ٯ‬ǴΨ‫ ܭ‬2008 ԃ ૰ଏԿ 5%ǶѠ᡼તᙃౢ཰эᕴрαॶКख़೴ԃΠफ़ǴࣗԿрᕴॶΨफ़եȐᘲۗЎǴ 2008ǹ݅Ў᷾Ǵ2009ǹጰऍमǴ2017ȑǶ. .

(22) 1990 ԃ໒‫ۈ‬Ѡ᡼Γπԋҁჹતᙃౢ཰ٰᇥҭၸଯǴ຾΋‫؁‬તᙃౢ཰ӆ౽۳ܿࠄ٥ǵ ࠄ٥ǵύ୯ǶѠ᡼તᙃౢ཰Ѧ౽ϐЬाচӢǴନΑΓπԋҁଯᅍᗋԖ‫ځ‬д‫ঁٿ‬ӢનǶ ΋ࢂᎃ߈Πෞౢ཰Ǵ‫׎‬ԋ΢Πෞౢ཰ᗗǶჹΓπԋҁന௵གϐતᙃ཰ࣁΠෞϐԋՊቷǴ ύ୯‫ׯ‬ॠ໒‫ܫ‬ϐࡕǴѠ᡼ԋՊቷεᖐՋ౽ǴӢԶύ΢ෞϐᙃѲቷϷતથቷǴΨ೴‫؁‬൩ ߈౽۳ύ୯ǶΒࢂԐයѠ᡼તᙃቷ೛ቷӦᗺӭӧࠤѱѦൎǴаඝ‫ࢬނ‬ǵΓ঩Ϸᆅ౛ϐ ߡǶѠ᡼࿶ᔮଆ०೿ѱ‫ז‬ೲว৖ᘉ஭ǴѠ᡼೭٤Ԑයતᙃቷϐ‫܌‬ӧӦǴς࿶ԋࣁ೿ѱ ύϐଯሽӦࢤǴ࡭ុᆢ࡭೭٤તᙃቷϐၮբǴ࿶ᔮਏ੻όϷᙯ໒ว‫ځ‬д୘཰Ҕ೼ٰள ଯǴ‫ٯ‬ӵѠ᡼Ѡчѱγ݅୔ϐཥӀતᙃౢ཰୷ӦǴᙯբӭҔ೼໒ว൩ࢂ‫ޕ‬Ӝ‫ޑ‬ਢ‫ٯ‬Ƕ. ಃΒ࿯ġતᙃౢ཰ӅҔ‫س‬಍ᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำϐྍଆǵख़ा‫܄‬ᆶ੝‫܄‬ ΋ǵᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำϐྍଆ ଛ঺ϐᐒႝπำ‫س‬಍Ǵჹતᙃ཰ғౢࢬำࢂѸा‫܄‬ଛഢǴЪቹៜғౢࢬำ‫ޑ‬ਏ౗ ᆶౢࠔࠔ፦Ƕ1902 ԃऍ୯Γ Willis Haviland Carrier ࣴᇙӼးШࣚ΢ಃ΋঺‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍Ǵ ٠ߚ٬Ҕ‫ܭ‬፤൑ǵᒤϦ࠻‫܈‬Րৎ‫ޑ‬๤፾‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍ǴԶࢂӼးӧӑ‫ڇ‬πቷǴዴߥӑ‫ڇ‬π ำࠔ፦‫ޑ‬ౢ཰ᇙำ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍Ƕऍ୯ௗ๱ғ㰗Шࣚ΢ಃΒ঺‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍Ǵ٠ၮҔ‫ܭ‬તᙃ཰Ǵ ԶЪ࡭ុ๱Κ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍‫ׯޑ‬๓ǶӢԜǴऍ୯તᙃౢ཰ԋࣁ஥୏‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍࡭ុว৖‫ޑ‬Ь ा௢୏ӢનǶࣗԿ‫ ܭ‬1907 ԃрαતᙃ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍ǴӼး‫ܭ‬ВҁํᆞቷǶऍ୯Γ Willis Haviland Carrier ࡭ុว৖‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍চ౛Ǵ1911 ԃֹԋ‫਻ޜ‬ጕკ‫ޑ‬ෳጓǴ1915 ԃԋҥ Carrier ϦљǴᘉε٠மϯ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍ᔈҔ‫ܭ‬ౢ཰ࣚǶCarrier ࣗԿ೏ᆀࣁ“‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍ϐР”Ƕ ϐࡕ 1924 ԃШࣚ΢ࡌҥಃ΋঺๤፾‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍ǴၮҔ‫ܭ‬ऍ୯ۭ੝ࡓѱ୘൑ǶԿ‫ܭ‬ৎҔ๤ ፾‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍Ǵ߾ᒨԿ 1950 ԃр౜ӧऍ୯ѱ൑Ȑම྆ߙǴ2016ȑǶ നԐ‫ޜޑ‬ፓ‫س‬಍ว৖ࢂࡌҥӧતᙃ཰୷ᘵ΢Ǵय़ჹВ੻ᝄᙣ‫ޑ‬ा‫؃‬Ǵતᙃᇙำ‫ޜ‬ ፓຫٰຫ஑཰ϯǴനԐӧѱ൑΢ග‫ٮ‬஑཰તᙃᇙำ‫ޜ‬ፓπำ୍ܺϐ‫܍‬х୘Ǵࣁྷγ୘ Luwa ϦљǶ၀Ϧљԋҥ‫ ܭ‬1935 ԃǴམ΢તᙃౢ཰ၮᙯೲࡋόᘐගϲϐा‫؃‬ΠǴLuwa ϦљࣁኻࢪતᙃቷǴග‫ٮ‬ё᎞ǵԖਏ౗‫ޑ‬ၮᙯచҹǶಃΒԛШࣚεᏯࡕǴԵໆᔼၮԋ ҁǴતᙃ཰ӛᇻܿǵ٥ࢪᎂ౽ǶԾВҁǵᗬ୯ǵѠ᡼ǵܿࠄ٥ǵύ୯ǵࠄ٥ΏԿ߈ය ዗ߐ૸ፕ‫ޑ‬၉ᚒϐܿߚҲ઩ϰ٥ǴLuwa Ϧљ೿ᆙᒿતᙃౢ཰ᎂ౽ᘉ஭ဌ‫؁‬Ǵ‫ډ‬Ӛঁѱ ൑‫ܗ‬৖ ୍ܺǶ ၟᒿ ‫ ځ‬ဌ‫ ޑ؁‬ኻࢪ ቷ ୘ ќ Ԗ ቺ ୯ ୘ LTG Ϧ љ ฻ ǶВҁ ୘“ ε ਻ ‫ޗ‬ ȐTaikishaȑ”ҭ‫ ܭ‬1949 ‫׫‬Εѱ൑୍ܺǶ Βǵᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำ‫ܭ‬તᙃ཰ϐख़ा‫܄‬ .

(23) π཰ॠ‫ڮ‬ϐࡕ౜жતᙃౢ཰ᇙԋೲࡋόᘐගϲǴ཰ЬѸ໪ଯೲғౢᓬ፦ౢࠔǴω ૈӧଯࡋᝡ‫ޑݾ‬ѱ൑ύᕇճǶӕ΋ѱ൑ύӚঁતᙃౢ཰ᝡ‫ޣݾ‬Ǵ‫ځ‬চ਑ԋҁǵႝΚǵ മΚǵ‫׫‬ၗສීճ৲Ǵౢࠔᎍ୧ԋҁ฻ৡ౦όεǶӢԜӵՖӧӕ཰ᝡ‫ݾ‬ύಥᑉԶрǴ ሡाᏧᙖӧғౢࢬำύ෧Ͽྵ౪ࠔᆶૈྍ࿯ऊǶ તᙃౢ཰ࢂ΋ঁଯ઻ૈ 24 λਔၮᙯౢ཰ǴЬΚતᙃᐒఓǴόፕતથ‫܈‬ᙃѲᐒǴ೿ όᘐගଯၮᙯೲࡋǴቚமᐒఓൂՏғౢૈໆǶ җ‫ܭ‬તથቷύથጕ‫ޑ‬ғౢǴᇙำύ‫ޑ‬ᘐથ౜ຝߚՠ෧ϿౢໆǴΨ೷ԋથጕௗុࡕ ౢࠔྵ౪Ƕා޸ᠼᆢჹྕࡋϷᔸࡋཱུࣁ௵གǴуағౢೲࡋຫٰຫ‫ז‬Ǵғౢً໔཮ಕ ᑈεໆᐒఓ዗ໆǶӢԜǴતᙃ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍Ѹ໪ଛ࿼ଯᚐᇙհ‫س‬಍ǴБૈஒӵԜѮໆᐒఓ ዗ǴԾતᙃᐒѠϷғౢً໔ύ౽ନǴନ໪ߥ࡭ྕࡋ‫ޑ‬΋ठѦǴ‫׳‬ሡᆒዴ‫ޑ‬ᔸࡋ௓‫ࢬڋ‬ ำǶ΋ѿ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍ྵ౪ࡺምଶᐒஒ٬᏾ቷଶႥǴ೷ԋ཰ЬѮεཞѨǴӢԜતᙃౢ཰‫ޜ‬ ፓ‫س‬಍Ǵԋࣁતᙃౢ཰ӅҔᐒႝ‫س‬಍ύനख़ा‫ޑ‬΋໨Ƕ‫׳‬ຬຫ‫ځ‬дౢ཰ϐሡ‫؃‬చҹǴ ѬΨவচٰ‫ޑ‬ᇶշచҹǴᡂԋ౜жતᙃౢ཰ғౢً໔ѸाచҹǴΨࢂᆢ࡭౜жતᙃᐒ ఓଯೲၮᙯ‫ޑ‬ᏧᙖǶ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍Ѹ໪࡭ុё᎞Ѝ࡭તᙃᐒఓၮᙯǴ౜жતᙃౢ཰‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬ ಍Ѹ໪‫ڀ‬ഢё᎞‫܄‬ᆶᛙ‫܄ۓ‬Ƕ Ξӵતᙃౢ཰ύচ਑ٰྍȐӵා޸ϷԲЛȑǴԏ໣ၸำ‫ڄ‬஥೚ӭᚇ፦ǴЪೀ౛ၸ ำ཮ౢғεໆԡࢉϷ࣬ᜢቲ਑Ǵӵಒλ०ᠼǵણლǶӵ݀όૈӧԦࢉྍᓐҥջԏ໣೭ ٤ቲ਑ǴΨ೷ԋً໔‫਻ޜ‬ԦࢉǴᏤठતᙃౢࠔྵ౪Ƕ‫܌‬аતᙃ཰ғౢࢬำǴќሡ஑Ҕ ໣⹨‫س‬಍Ǵ࡭ុၮᙯ஥ᚆቲ਑Ǵ٠Ԗਏϩᚆԏ໣όӕ‫ޑ‬ቲ਑Ƕ ౜жતᙃౢ཰όѝႝΚૈྍ੃઻ଯǴ‫ځ‬дૈྍӵᓸᕭ‫਻ޜ‬ǵᇃؓ੃઻ໆΨεǶғ ౢً໔ϣϷ‫ڬ‬ൎၹѲ‫ޜ‬ፓ॥ᆅǵհএНᆅǵհࠅНᆅǵᇃؓᆅǵհᏉᆅϷᓸᕭ‫਻ޜ‬ᆅ ฻ǴԖਏЪӝ፾‫ޑ‬ଛ࿼೭٤ᆅၡǴёаफ़եࡐӭᆅၡૈྍཞѨǴ࿯࣪ૈྍԋҁǶӢԜ ගଯ೛ഢਏ౗Ǵ෧Ͽ‫س‬಍઻ૈǴόՠૈࣁ٬Ҕ‫ޣ‬࿯࣪εໆૈྍԋҁǴΨёа෧Ͽπ཰ ჹӦౚᕉნ‫ޑ‬ፂᔐǶ຾΋‫؁‬Զ‫ق‬Ǵતᙃౢ཰ᐒႝ‫س‬಍ೕჄǵ೛ीǵᒧᐒϷӼးǴሡ೯ ዬԵໆᆅጕଛ࿼ǵ೛ഢӼးǵࡼπ‫ޜ‬໔฻ӭኬӢનԶ‫ۓ‬Ǵሡाֹഢࣚय़᏾ӝǴπำࠔ ፦ωૈߥ࡭Ȑഋ᐀නǴ2004ȑǶ ନતᙃᐒఓѦǴ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍Ψࢂଯ઻ૈ‫س‬಍Ǵ՞તᙃቷᕴ઻ႝໆ 20%Ǵ‫܌‬а‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬ ಍ΨѸ໪೛ഢਏ౗Ǵ෧Ͽ‫س‬಍઻ૈȐ‫ػإ‬ችǴ2003ȑǶ᠙‫ܭ‬તᙃౢ཰‫ޑ‬ଯ઻ૈ੝‫܄‬Ǵ. .

(24) Ѡ᡼ࡹ۬ࣗԿႧ‫“ۓ‬તᙃ཰࿯ऊૈྍϷ٬Ҕૈྍਏ౗ೕ‫”ۓ‬Ȑ࿶ᔮ೽Ǵ࿶ૈӷಃ 10404605050 ဦǴ2015ȑǶ Οǵતᙃౢ཰ᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำ੝‫܄‬ ౜жતᙃౢ཰ӅҔ‫س‬಍ᐒႝπำύǴନΑӚঁ‫س‬಍઻ૈ೿ଯϐѦǴ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍ᆶ໣ ლ‫س‬಍೽ϩǴ࣬ၨ‫ځܭ‬дౢ཰ᇙำ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍Μϩ੝ਸǶ໣ლ‫س‬಍Ѹ໪ϩࢬԏ໣ාвǵ ාෘǵლβǵಒᠼǵอᠼϷᘐથ฻ǴӚ໨ԏ໣೛ഢ೛ीֹӄόӕǶ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍Ѹ໪य़ჹ ଯ዗ǵଯ⹨ǵଯ์ӣ॥ǴѸ໪ 24 λਔӄϺং௓‫ًڋ‬໔ྕࡋᆶᔸࡋǴࣗԿӧ໒‫ًܫ‬໔ύǴ ჹ੝‫୔ۓ‬ୱ଺рόӕ‫ࡋྕޑ‬ᆶᔸࡋፓ௓ǶѸ໪а໒‫ܫ‬ԄНࢱ࠻዗ҬඤᏔࣁ೛ीЬືǴ ߚ΋૓๤፾‫ޜ‬ፓ‫ٮ‬ᔈ୘Ǵ‫ځ܈‬дౢ཰ᇙำ‫ޜ‬ፓ‫س‬಍‫܍ٮ‬ᡙ୘‫୺ૈ܌‬ՉǶࣗԿεӭኧત ᙃࡌਢϐᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำӭа಍хኳԄ຾ՉǴӢࣁ཰Ьӭѝ‫ޕ‬ၰಖᆄҞ኱ǴόΑှ၀း ࿼Ֆᅿ೛ഢǴ΋૓֝໔πำ៝ୢϦљǴჹતᙃᇙำᐒႝπำΨόዕ஼Ǵ‫܌‬а཰Ьӭа х֖ೕჄ೛ीೢҺӧϣ‫ޑ‬಍х‫ࡋڋ‬ҬбೢҺᆶ‫܍‬ᡙ୘Ƕ Ѥǵતᙃౢ཰ᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำϐѠ᡼‫܍‬ᡙϦљ Ԑය஑཰તᙃౢ཰ᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำѠ᡼‫܍‬ᡙϦљǴीԖ“ᙦᖄ”Ϸ“Ջ‫”ݞ‬฻ǴԐයѠ ᡼‫܍‬ᡙϦљǴள੻‫ ܭ‬1971 ԃѠ᡼ଏрᖄӝ୯ǴѠ᡼ࡹ۬ࣁΑᛙ‫ۓ‬Ѡ᡼ࡹ‫ݯ‬࿶ᔮ௃༈Ǵ όӆԵໆཥ೛તᙃቷѱ൑࿶ᔮೕኳǴϷၸӭતᙃቷ೷ԋϐѱ൑௨ᔒਏᔈǴ΋α਻‫ץ‬঑ Ѝ࡭εໆતᙃཥࡌਢǶ΋ਔϐ໔Ѡ᡼ѱ൑ཟᇂતᙃࡌਢǴ“ᙦᖄ”Ϸ“Ջ‫”ݞ‬฻ϦљǴ೿ ‫܍‬ᡙΑεໆતᙃཥࡌਢϐᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำǴԶЪᏱԖᙦࠆϐճዎǴ“ᙦᖄ”Ϸ“Ջ‫”ݞ‬฻Ϧ љǴόՠว৖֧εǴ٠ஒѦ୯Ϧљ೴рѠ᡼ѱ൑ǶѠ᡼તᙃᔼ཰ᝩុว৖ǴϐࡕΞԖ Ѡ᡼Ϧљ“Ѷඦ”Ϸ“Ԯԋ”‫׫‬ΕԴৣౢ཰ᐒႝ‫ޜ‬ፓπำѱ൑ᝡ೴Ƕ. ಃΟ࿯ġቹៜતᙃ཰ᕮਏϐख़ाӢનϷӚѱ൑੝‫܄‬ ౜жતᙃ཰΢ΠෞϩπཱུಒǶନΑཱུϿኧ཰‫ޣ‬ǴԾ΢ෞᠼᆢғౢԿΠෞԋՊᇙ೷Ǵ 䵈ӛӄय़ѲֽѦǴ๊εӭኧ཰‫ޣ‬Ǵѝவ٣ൂ໨‫܈‬ኧ໨уπࢬำǶՠࢂӚࢬำౢ཰࣬ϕ ᜢᖄǴόፕന΢ෞ‫ޑ‬ᠼᆢচ਑ሽ਱ᡂ୏Ǵ‫ޣ܈‬നΠෞԋՊሡ‫؃‬ᡂ୏ǴుుӦቹៜતᙃ ౢ཰ӚࢬำǴ‫׳‬ቹៜ཰Ьᘉ஭ౢૈ‫׫‬ၗཥਢϐཀᜫǶ તᙃ཰‫ޑ‬চ਑Ԗා޸ǵഞǵԲЛϷϯᏢᠼᆢ฻ǴՠࢂЬाаා޸ϷϯᏢᠼᆢࣁε ‫ے‬ǶϯᏢᠼᆢ‫ޑ‬΢ෞচ਑ࣁҡ‫ݨ‬ᇙࠔǴᗨฅ཮‫ڙ‬ҡ‫ݨ‬চ‫ݨ‬ሽ਱ቹៜǴՠ‫୏ݢ‬όӵා޸ ሽ਱૓ቃਗ਼Ƕා޸ࣁ΋ԃғ෌‫ނ‬ၭౢࠔǴफ़ߘໆ‫ޑ‬ӭჲǴుϪӦቹៜ๱ා޸ԏԋ‫ޑ‬ኧ ໆᆶࠔ፦Ƕා޸ࣁε‫ނے‬ၗϐ΋Ǵሽ਱ᆙஏᖄᛠШࣚය೤ࢲ‫୏ݢ‬Ǵා޸‫؂‬ԃԏԋࡕǴ .

(25) ৤ӸǵᙯЋǵᎍ୧ǵᙯᡣǴ‫؂‬Ϻ‫ޑ‬ා޸ሽ਱ϸᔈӧШࣚය೤ૻ৲Ƕා޸চ਑ԋҁǴΨ ‫ޔ‬ௗϸࢀӧාથǵාѲ‫ൂޑ‬Տ୧ሽǶ ޲уঢය೤ා޸ሽ਱Ǵԋࣁᇻܿǵܿࠄ٥Ϸࠄ٥ාતᙃ཰཰Ь‫ٯ‬ՉфፐǶନ೽ϩ ੝‫ٯ‬ਔᐒᆶѱ൑ѦǴාતᙃ཰ௗൂԿҬ೤ѳ֡ԖΟঁДᅉࡕයǶௗൂࡕා޸‫܈‬ාથচ ਑ԋҁΠफ़Ǵාતᙃ཰ЬЈ഻ǹऩௗൂࡕচ਑ԋҁ΢ᅍǴ཰ЬᓸΚϐεёႣයǶऩၶ ා޸/ාથሽ਱‫୏ݢ‬጗‫ک‬Ǵාતᙃ཰Ҭܰѳ໩Ǵճዎᛙ‫ۓ‬ёႣයǴ཰Ь߾ё໩ճள‫ډ‬ሌ Չ‫ޑ‬Ѝ࡭Ǵ࡭ុᘉቷ‫׳܈‬ཥ೛ഢаቚ຾ౢ཰ਏૈǶऩၶ‫ډ‬ා޸‫܈‬ාથচ਑ԋҁᡂ୏ቃ ਗ਼Ǵόፕࢂ΢ᅍ‫܈‬ΠຳǴ֡೷ԋාતᙃౢ཰ଶЗᘉ஭‫׳܈‬ཥ೛ഢǴࣗԿஒ୺Չύϐᘉ ৖ीჄ‫ۯ‬጗‫܈‬ύЗǶࣗԿԖාતቷǴӢࣁා޸௦ᖼѨᇤǴ೏ॐઇౢᜢቷǶ೭٤ቃਗ਼‫ޑ‬ ࿶ᔮ௃༈ᡂϯǴ߻‫܌‬҂ᆪǴΨؒᒤ‫ݤ‬வၸ۳इᒵٰႣෳǶѝाѱ൑΢ጭ‫ۯ‬৮ཉ਻‫ݗ‬Ǵ ‫܌‬ԖीჄᘉкࡌਢǴӄ೽ኩ጗ǴࣗԿ‫੃ڗ‬ǶӢԜǴා޸‫ޑ‬຾೤ሽ਱ቹៜ๱ාતቷ‫ޑ‬ԏ ੻Ǵ2010 ԃා޸ය೤ሽ਱εଆεပǴബා޸ය೤ሽ਱аٰϐനε‫୏ݢ‬इᒵǶ ќ΋Бय़તᙃᠼᆢচ਑ሽ਱ᡂϯǴΨ཮٬᏾ঁતᙃғౢ᜘‫ډڙ‬ቹៜǶ‫ٯ‬ӵ 2014 ԃ ϺฅᠼᆢϷϯᏢᠼᆢচ਑ሽ਱ӕਔΠຳǴჹતᙃౢ཰ύ΢ෞౢࠔǴӵથጕϷѲϰౢғ ሽ਱ፂᔐǴࣗԿ೷ԋતᙃౢ཰ΠෞԋՊౢࠔௗൂਔำ‫ۯ‬ᒨȐጰऍमǴ2017ȑǶඤ‫ق‬ϐǴ ӧӄౚϯѱ൑ᖿ༈ΠǴતᙃ཰‫ޑ‬চ‫ނ‬਑Ǵӵා޸ǵϯᏢᠼᆢ‫ޑ‬ሽ਱Ψය೤ϯǶ Ӛ཰Ь୷ҁ΢চ‫ނ‬਑ᕇளϐԋҁৡ౦όεǴӢԜӧႝΚǵമ୏Ϸ‫׫‬ၗສීճ৲฻ చҹǴߡ‫ى‬аቹៜતᙃ཰‫ࡌޣ‬ቷ‫׫‬ၗ‫ޑ‬ԋ௳ǶЀ‫ځ‬તᙃ཰‫ޑ‬ႝΚԋҁᆶമΚԋҁǴࢂ ନΑচ਑ϐѦനε‫ٿޑ‬໨ԋҁǴࢂയр‫ޑ‬చҹϐ΋ǶаѠ᡼π཰ႝΚԋҁٰբКၨǴ ጑‫ث‬ǵ๷ࡓᇯǵࢍ঵ჵǵੀ୯ႝΚԋҁၨଯǴ‫ۏ‬у܎ǵӑѭǵຫࠄႝΚԋҁၨեǶନ ΑႝΚԋҁ‫ޑ‬КၨǴӚঁѱ൑‫ޑ‬ႝΚ‫ٮ‬ᔈᛙ‫܄ۓ‬Ψჹౢ཰҂ٰ‫ޑ‬ว৖ԖቹៜǴ጑‫ث‬ǵ ๷ࡓᇯǵࢍ঵ჵǵ‫ۏ‬у܎‫ٮ‬ႝၨόᛙ‫ۓ‬Ƕ‫ځ‬ύа‫ۏ‬у܎ѱ൑നࣁ੝ਸǴࡹ۬ග‫ޑٮ‬ᆛ ၡႝΚԋҁόեǴԶЪߚதόᛙ‫ۓ‬Ƕՠࢂࡹ۬ග‫ޑٮ‬Ϻฅ਻ᆅጕԿતᙃౢ཰Ǵ཰Ьё а‫׫‬ၗϺฅ਻วႝᐒǴග‫ٮ‬ႝΚ๏તᙃᐒఓ೛ഢၮᙯǴӕਔౢғ‫ޑ‬ቲ዗Ψёа‫ٮ‬ᔈત ᙃౢ཰‫ځ‬ду዗ሡ‫؃‬Ƕ‫ۏ‬у܎ࡹ۬‫ٮ‬ᔈ‫ޑ‬Ϻฅ਻ሽ਱Μϩե༹Ǵᆕӝीᆉ‫܌‬ԖϺฅ਻ วႝᐒ‫׫‬ၗԋҁϷᔼၮԋҁǴ٩ྣౢғႝΚ‫ൂޑ‬Տሽ਱КၨǴႝΚԋҁѝԖѠ᡼‫ޑ‬΋ ъ(ୖԵ߄ 2.1)Ƕ. .

(26) კ 2- 1 ා޸ය೤ሽ਱ᐕԃइᒵ. ߄ 2- 1 ѱ൑ձતᙃౢ཰ႝΚϷമπԋҁȐ2017 ԃࡋѳ֡ॶȑ ѱ൑ձ. તᙃౢ཰ႝΚѳ֡ሽ਱ USD/ࡋ. તᙃౢ཰മπ୷ᘵᖒၗ USD/Д. ੀ୯. 0.115. 500. ‫ۏ‬у܎. 0.060. 120. Ѓ୷ථ‫ڶ‬. 0.155. 150. ຫࠄ. 0.075. 180. ಃѤ࿯ġᕮਏຑ՗࣬ᜢ౛ፕ “ᕮਏ”Ȑperformanceȑ‫֖ޑ‬ကӭа“ਏ౗”ȐefficiencyȑϷ“ਏૈ”Ȑeffectivenessȑ ߄ၲǴΒ‫่ޑޣ‬ӝёа఼ᇂ೯߫Ҕᇟ“ਏ݀”Ƕ(ഋࡏᑣǴ2012) ਏ౗΋ຒྍԾπำࣽᏢǴࢂࡰౢрໆჹ‫׫‬Εໆ‫ޑ‬КॶȐӭа 1 ‫ ܈‬100%ࣁ౛ፕཱུज़ ‫ڋ‬ȑǶਏ౗ϐ૸ፕख़ᗺӧ‫ܭ‬ϩ‫݋‬КၨࡕϐໆᚐǴԿ‫ܭ‬ౢр໨Ϸ‫׫‬Ε໨ࣁՖǻࣁՖᒧ᏷ ೭٤ౢрᆶ‫׫‬Ε໨ǻӧ૸ፕਏ౗ၸำύǴӭѝࢂӈࣁ߻ගచҹԶ҂у‫ک‬๱ᏀᔠຎǴԶ ѝᆫขӧౢр໨ᆶ‫׫‬Ε໨໔ϐᜢ߯ǵቹៜᆶҽᚐǶ(ഋࡏᑣǴ2012) ਏૈ࣬ၨ‫ܭ‬ਏ౗Ǵ߾ӧ૸ፕᆶ௖઩ࡘቾύӭΑБӛ‫܄‬ԵໆǴ‫ٯ‬ӵౢр໨ᆶҞ኱Б ӛ΋ठ‫܄‬ำࡋǵ‫׫‬Ε໨ϐၗྍ੃઻ჹҞ኱ଓ‫؃‬ၸำύϐॄᏼำࡋǶ‫׳‬ჴሞԵໆၗྍచ .

(27) ҹϐԖज़ǴӵՖӧԖज़ϐᕉნచҹΠǴനεϯӛҞ኱ᖿ຾‫ޑ‬ำࡋǶҔന೯߫‫ޑ‬ᔈҔ၉ ᇟёа߄ၲࣁǹ“ਏ౗”Ȑefficiencyȑࢂ“‫ע‬٣௃଺ჹ”Ȑdoing the thing rightȑǴ“ਏૈ” Ȑeffectivenessȑ߾‫׳‬மፓ่݀Ǵࢂ“଺ჹ‫ޑ‬٣௃”Ȑdoing the right thingȑǶ(ഋࡏᑣǴ 2012) ӢԜᕮਏຑ՗ᔈх֖՗ໆ“ਏ౗”ᆶຑ᝼“ਏૈ”ǴЪᆕӝ߄౜ёᒏ“ਏ݀”Ƕ΋ঁਏ ౗ࡐଯ‫ൂޑ‬ՏǴਏૈό΋‫ۓ‬ӳǶϸϐ΋ঁਏૈࡐӳ‫ൂޑ‬ՏǴଯਏ౗ό΋‫ࢂۓ‬ѸाచҹǶ ൂՏϣ‫ޑ‬ಔᙃǵ‫ࡋڋ‬ǵၮբϷሦᏤǴቹៜ‫ޑ‬ਏ౗Ϸਏૈ‫߄ޑ‬౜Ƕଯၗ፦ᙍπǴӭૈଯ ਏ౗୺ՉҺ୍ǴՠԖᒘᆀᙍϐሦᏤǴБૈஒ೭٤ଯਏ౗߄౜Ǵ৖౜‫ܭ‬ჹ‫ޑ‬БӛǴԶᏱ ԖଯਏૈǴബ೷ਏ݀ၲԋҞ኱Ƕ(ഋࡏᑣǴ2012) ᕮਏຑ՗ჹ‫ܭ‬ҺՖಔᙃǵൂՏϷҾ཰೿ߚதख़ाǶᏧᙖᕮਏຑ՗ቩຎಔᙃၮՉǴ ωૈߦ٬ಔᙃ຾‫؁‬ǵமϯǶಔᙃᔈ൩Ծ‫ي‬ၮᔼచҹǴࡓ‫ۓ‬ᕮਏຑ՗୺ՉБԄǵ୺Չೕ ኳϷ୺ՉਔำǶЪ٩ྣ‫ځ‬ϩ‫݋‬Кၨ่ፕǴҔа࡭ុ‫ׯ‬๓ಔᙃၮᔼ‫ݩރ‬Ƕ‫ي‬ೀआੇѱ൑ ᝡ‫ݩރݾ‬ύϐҾ཰ǴЀ‫ځ‬ሡाਔਔࡘໆᕮਏຑ՗ߥ࡭ᝡ‫ݾ‬ΚǴωૈӧѱߏύӸࢲǶۚ ᙔੇѱ൑ᓬ෥ӦՏϐҾ཰ǴΨሡᏧᙖᕮਏຑ՗ᆶࢄВϐԾρᝡКமϯǶ(ഋࡏᑣǴ2012) ᕮਏຑ՗໨ҞᆶጄൎǴΞёፕаϣ೽ᕮਏᆶѦ೽ᕮਏǶϣ೽ᕮਏຑ՗‫ݙ‬ຎ๱ғౢ ΚǴԵໆ෧Ͽғౢԋҁ‫܈‬ගଯғౢኧໆǶѦ೽ᕮਏຑ՗߾ᘉεᜢ‫ݙ‬ጄൎǴፕϷᎍ୧཰ ᕮǴᜢЈ࠼ЊᅈཀࡋǴࣗԿ࿯ૈᕉߥϷҾ཰‫׎‬ຝ฻ǶҾ཰ӧቩᒧᕮਏຑ՗ኳԄϷ୺Չ ಒ࿯ਔǴҭሡԵໆᕮਏຑ՗ၸำǴନᅰΚ‫ܭ‬ຑ՗ಒࡋϷుࡋϐଓ‫؃‬ѦǴҭᔈԵໆᕮਏ ຑ՗ϐቶࡋǶ(ഋࡏᑣǴ2012) җ‫ܭ‬ғౢΚ‫ۓޑ‬ကεӭ೿аౢрନа‫׫‬Εϐ୘ኧբࣁ٩ᏵǴᆶਏ౗‫ۓޑ‬က࣬՟Ǵ ٬ғౢΚᆶਏ౗‫ঁٿ‬Ӝຒத଺ࣁႜӕ‫ޑ‬ှញǶਏ౗ж߄‫੿ޑ‬ჴ఼ཀёϩࣁ‫ೌמ‬ਏ౗Ϸ ೕኳਏ౗Ǵ‫ೌמ‬ਏ౗ࡰӧࡽ‫׫ޑۓ‬Εᆶౢрϐ໔ᜢ߯Ǵж߄‫؂‬΋ঁ‫׫‬ΕНྗΠǴ‫ૈ܌‬ ғౢ‫ޑ‬നεౢрǴ٠ပӧғౢᜐࣚ΢Ǵж߄ၗྍкϩճҔค໕࿼ၗྍੁ຤ ; ೕኳਏ౗ ߾ᆶೕኳ࿶ᔮ‫ޑ‬ཀ఼࣬ӕǴࡰӧ΋‫ޑۓ‬ౢໆጄൎϣǴᒿ๱ౢໆ‫ޑ‬ቚуǴѳ֡ԋҁࠅό ᘐफ़ե‫ޑ‬ғౢ౜ຝǶ ಔᙃёૈ‫ೌמڀ‬ਏ౗Ǵϝёᙖҗቚуೕኳਏ౗ٰ‫ׯ‬๓‫ځ‬ғౢΚǴԶಔᙃೕኳ೯த ᜤаӧอයϣ‫ׯ‬ᡂǴӢԜǴ‫ೌמ‬ਏ౗೯தࡰอය‫ۺཷޑ‬ǴԶғౢΚ߾ឦߏය‫ۺཷޑ‬Ƕ य़ჹόӕਔ໔‫ޑ‬ғౢΚ຾ՉКၨਔǴ߾ёૈ௖૸‫ډ‬೷ԋғౢΚ‫ׯ‬ᡂ‫ޑ‬ќ΋ᅿٰྍǴҭ. .

(28) ջ‫ೌמ‬ᡂॠǴࡰࡽ‫׫ޑۓ‬ΕᆶౢрၗྍΠǴ٬᏾చғౢᜐࣚ‫ׯ‬ᡂ‫ޑ‬౜ຝǶ( ֆᔮ๮ǵՖ ࢙҅Ǵ2008 )Ƕ Lewin Ϸ Minton(1986)‫زࣴޑ‬Ǵ‫ؼ‬ӳ‫ޑ‬ਏ౗ຑ՗ኳԄǴૈᅈ‫ى‬аΠΖᗺຑ՗‫ޑ‬੝ ‫܄‬Ǻ 1. ё‫؃‬ᆉрᆕӝᑽໆ‫ޑ‬ਏ౗ࡰ኱Ǵ٠ૈᡉҢ‫ځ‬ၗྍ٬Ҕ‫ݩރޑ‬Ǵа଺ࣁ،฼‫ޣ‬ᔕ ‫ۓ‬،฼‫ୖޑ‬ԵǶ 2. ό‫ڙ‬όӕीໆൂՏ‫ޑ‬ቹៜǶ 3. ёӕਔೀ౛‫ۓک܄ۓ‬ໆ‫ޑ‬ӢηǶ 4. ёೀ౛Ҿ཰Ѧ‫ޑ‬ᕉნᡂኧǶ 5. ૈӕਔೀ౛ӭᅿ‫׫ޑ‬ΕϷӭᅿ‫ޑ‬ౢрǴЪӧೀ౛៾ख़΢Ǵό‫ڙ‬ΓࣁЬᢀӢન‫ޑ‬ ቹៜǶ 6. ૈග‫ٮ‬Ӛ‫׫‬ΕϷౢр໨ჹ࣬ჹਏ౗ॶ‫ޑ‬ଅ᝘ำࡋǴЪૈග‫ٮ‬ቚ຾ਏ౗‫ׯޑ‬຾Б ӛǶ 7. ૈዴᇡ‫܌‬Ԗᑽໆ‫ޑ‬ჹຝύǴՖ‫ڀࣁޣ‬Ԗਏ౗Ƕ 8. ᑽໆၸำᔈ‫ڀ‬ԖϦѳ‫࠼ک܄‬ᢀ‫܄‬Ƕ. ಃϖ࿯ġၗ਑х๎ϩ‫࣬ݤ݋‬ᜢ౛ፕ Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA ( ၗ਑х๎ϩ‫ޑ ) ݤ݋‬㭵ྍǴࢂவᅽճ࿶ᔮᏢύ‫ޑ‬ ࢙܎კന፾ნࣚ ( Pareto Optimality ) ᢀ‫ۺ‬Ǵ௦Ҕх๎ ( Envelopment ) ೼৩Ǵ‫زࣴע‬Ҟ ኱‫܌‬Ԗ،฼ൂՏ ( Decision Making Unit ; DMU ) ‫׫ޑ‬Ε໨ᆶౢр໨Ǵࢀ৔ӧ൳Ֆ‫ޜ‬໔ ύǶсᡉрനଯౢрᚐ‫܈‬നե‫׫‬Εᚐ DMU ဂǴҗ൳Ֆ‫ޜ‬໔ύ‫ޑ‬Տ࿼Ǵҗᗺԋጕ‫׎‬ԋ ᜐጔࣚጕǴԜᜐጔࣚጕ൩ࢂਏ౗߻ጔጕȐߋችࣔǴ2007ȑǶ Տ‫ܭ‬ਏ౗߻ጔጕ΢‫ޑ‬Ӛ DMUǴж߄၀ DMU ‫ڀ‬ഢ‫܌‬Ԗ DMU ύࢌय़ӛϐനε࣬ჹ ၮբਏ౗Ƕόӧਏ౗߻ጔጕ΢ϐ‫ځ‬д DMUǴ߾҂‫ڀ‬ഢҺՖय़ӛ࣬ჹനεਏ౗Ǵឦ‫ܭ‬১ ༈ DMUǶࣴ‫୺ز‬Չ‫ޣ‬ёҗόӕय़ӛǴКၨ১༈ DMU ჹനε࣬ჹਏ౗ DMU ϐጕ‫܄‬К ‫ٯ‬ǴԶीᆉр১༈ DMU ࣬ჹပࡕኧᚐǶȐߋችࣔǴ2007ȑȐ‫ܴػ׵‬Ǵ2008ȑǶ ௦Ҕ DEA ჹ،฼ൂՏբϩ‫݋‬Ǵόሡा٣Ӄჹ‫׫‬Ε໨Ϸౢр໨բᜢ߯Ⴃ೛Ǵ೭΋ঁ ੝‫܄‬ǴёаᗉխႣ೛Ѩ੿Զ೷ԋࣴ‫่ز‬ፕѨਏǶ௦Ҕ DEA ࡕౢғϐਏ౗ॶǴόՠ৖౜ Ӛ،฼ൂϡ໔ਏ౗ଯե௨‫ׇ‬ǴΨᡉҢ১༈،฼ൂϡ‫ޑ‬લഐኧᚐǴ٠Ъࡰрٗ٤‫׫‬Ε໨. .

(29) ‫܈‬ౢр໨Ǵ໪ਏ౗‫ׯ‬๓‫ޑ‬൯ࡋǴ຾Զ๏ϒᆅ౛‫ࡌޣ‬᝼Ǵࡌ᝼ύܴዴࡰрਏ౗‫ׯ‬๓‫ޑ‬Б ӛᆶΚࡋሡ‫؃‬ǶȐߋችࣔǴ2007ȑǶ Farrell Ȑ1957ȑ а฻ໆԔጕᢀ‫୷ࣁۺ‬ᘵ‫ޑ‬ᑽໆБԄǴҁ‫ܭ‬࿶ᔮᏢ္ϐх๎Ԕጕ Ȑ Envelope Curveȑ ࡘᆢǴว৖рਏ౗߻ጔ ( Efficiency Frontier ) КၨኳԄǴҔаीໆ ࣬ჹਏ౗ǶԶЪ୔ϩ‫ೌמ‬ਏ౗ᆶଛ࿼ਏ౗Ǵ‫࣬ܭ‬ჹਏ౗ϐीໆϩ‫݋‬ǴࡌҥΑ΋঺ଯԾ җࡋǵଯჴҔ‫܄‬ϐीໆϩ‫݋‬Б‫ ݤ‬ǶȐߋችࣔǴ2007ȑǶ Charles, Cooper, Rhodes ( 1978 )ᝩԶว৖р CCR ीໆϩ‫݋‬Б‫ݤ‬Ǵ൩πำԾฅࣽᏢ ૈໆόྐ౛ፕǴЇҙౢр໨ჹ‫׫‬Ε໨നεჹКॶࣁ 1 ϐຑໆኳԄǶ٠Ꮷᙖጕ‫܄‬ೕჄ ( Liner Programming ) ᄽᛢǴҔٰຑໆӭ‫׫‬Ε໨ᆶӭౢр໨،฼ൂՏ‫࣬ޑ‬ჹਏ౗ǴЪஒ ԜीໆБ‫ڮݤ‬Ӝࣁ DEA ( Data Envelopment Analysis ) Б‫ݤ‬Ƕ࣬ၨ‫ځܭ‬дਏ౗ຑ՗Б‫ݤ‬ ( ӵК‫ٯ‬ϩ‫ݤ݋‬ǵӭҞ኱ᑽໆϩ‫ݤ݋‬ǵ଑ᘜኳԄϩ‫ݤ݋‬ǵ࣬ᜢࡋϩ‫ݤ݋‬ǵӭᡂໆ଑ᘜϩ ‫ݤ݋‬ǵᡂ౦ኧϩ‫ݤ݋‬฻ ) ჴҔ‫܄‬ᡉ๱ܴᡉ೚ӭǶȐߋችࣔǴ2007ǹֆӀᝬǴ2014ȑǶ Banker, Charles, Cooper ( 1984 ) ฻Γ࣬ᝩΞว৖р BCC ीໆϩ‫݋‬ኳԄǴᆕӝғౢ ёૈ໣ӝѤϦ౛Ϸ Shephand ຯᚆ‫ڄ‬ኧǴҔ‫ܭ‬ीໆϩ‫݋‬પᆐ‫ೌמ‬ਏ౗ᆶೕኳਏ౗ǶԿԜ CCR ᆶ BCC ኳԄǴԋࣁ DEA Б‫ݤ‬ύനჴҔᆶߞᒘࡋനଯϐीໆϩ‫݋‬Б‫ݤ‬ȐߋችࣔǴ 2007ǹ‫⪭ܴڬ‬Ǵ2013ȑǶ Ӣࣁ DEA Б‫׫ݤ‬Ε໨Ϸ㰗р໨ᒧ᏷‫ޑ‬ԾҗࡋߚதଯǴჹਢ‫ٯ‬ёаҗόӕБӛᆶ‫ف‬ ࡋ຾Չӭय़ӛਏ౗ຑ՗Ǵόሡा೏ࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ύज़‫ڋ‬చҹ‫״ܥ܌‬ǴԶ೏ॐჹਢ‫زࣴٯ‬ύ ϐ‫׫‬Ε໨‫܈‬ౢр໨у४៾ख़ǴԶ೷ԋࣴ‫่݀ز‬ύӸӧЬᢀ‫ୃ܄‬ৡǶӢԜ DEA Б‫ࢂݤ‬΋ ᅿၨࣁϦ҅࠼ᢀϐਏ౗ຑໆπ‫ڀ‬Ƕ(ֆᔮ๮ᆶՖ࢙҅Ǵ2008ǹSchierschǴ2012ǹ஭ᒸ‫ڷ‬Ǵ 2014) Ƕ DEA ёаᒧ᏷଄୍ኧᏵ‫׫ޑ‬Ε໨ᆶౢр໨ǴӵԜբрϐϩ‫่݋‬ፕǴୃӛჴ୍଄୍ Ҟ‫ޑ‬ǶDEA Ψёаᒧ᏷‫׫‬Ε໨ᆶౢр໨ኧᏵୃᚆ଄୍ԵໆǴ‫ٯ‬ӵ‫׫‬Ε໨ጓӈᙍπ‫׫‬Ε πբਔኧǶ㰗р໨аԋਢኧໆ‫ڗ‬жԋҬߎᚐ฻Ǵϩ‫݋‬ຑໆ่ፕஒୃᚆ଄୍य़ǴԶୃӛ ѱ൑թֽԋਏǴёග‫ٮ‬๏،฼‫ޣ‬ၮᝢ҂ٰѱ൑ೕჄ (஭ᒸ‫ڷ‬Ǵ2014) Ƕ DEA Б‫ݤ‬೏εໆ௦Ҕჹߚᔼճಔᙃ࣬ჹਏ౗ຑໆǴ೭ᅿ࣬ჹਏ౗ؒԖᒤ‫ݤ‬аᙁܰኧໆ БԄ߄ҢǴ፾ӝҔ DEA Б‫଺ݤ‬ਏ౗ीᆉᆶКၨǶ‫ځ‬όൂჹಔᙃ࣬ჹਏ౗բ௨‫܄ׇ‬ຑໆǴ ԶЪࡰрલഐय़ӛϐό‫ى‬ᚐࡋǴග‫ٮ‬،฼‫ޣ‬ၨֹ᏾ࡌ᝼ǴȐֆᔮ๮ᆶՖ࢙҅Ǵ2008ȑǶ. .

(30) ՠࢂ DEA Б‫ݤ‬ΨӸӧ΋٤લᗺǴӢࣁ‫׫‬Ε໨Ϸౢр໨‫ޑ‬ᒧ᏷ᏱԖଯԾҗࡋǴѝा ᏱԖӝᡄᒠϐჹᔈᜢ߯Ǵࣴ‫ޣز‬ჹ‫׫‬Ε໨Ϸౢр໨ጓӈ൳ЯؒԖज़‫ڋ‬Ǵϩ‫่݀݋‬ుϪ ‫׫ڙ‬Ε໨Ϸౢр໨೛‫܌ۓ‬ቹៜǶDMU ϐᒧ᏷ቹៜϩ‫่݋‬ፕԿѮǴDMU ໔ᔈ၀‫ڀ‬ഢ΋ ‫ۓ‬ӕ፦‫܄‬Ǵ೽ϩҥ‫ى‬ᗺό΋ठǴёаӧ่ፕаЬᢀచҹှញঅ҅Ǵՠࢂӵ݀ҥ‫ى‬ᗺৡ ౦ϼεǴ೭ёૈ٬ϩ‫่݋‬ፕό‫ڀ‬ཀကǶȐSchierschǴ2012ȑȐநᓪሱǴ2003ȑǶ DMU ค‫ݤ‬௓‫ڋ‬Ѧ೽ӢનǴDMU ϐᕮਏ߄౜Ξ཮೏Ѧ೽ӢનቹៜǴӢԜ DEA ‫ݤ‬ϩ ‫݋‬ीᆉᕮਏǴ೯தѸ໪ᇶа‫ځ‬дБ‫ݤ‬ᔠ‫ۓ‬Ѧ೽Ӣન‫܌‬೷ԋ‫ޑ‬ቹៜǶᔠ‫ۓ‬Ѧ೽Ӣન‫ࣴޑ‬ ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ीԖ Tobit ଑ᘜǵ Mann-Whitney ᔠ‫ۓ‬ǵ Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ۓ‬฻ǶTobit ଑ᘜҗ Tobit(1958)ගрǴё፾Ҕ‫ܭ‬ᔠ‫ۓ‬Ѧ೽Ӣનჹ،฼ൂϡ‫ޑ‬ਏ౗ॶࢂց೷ԋቹៜǴՠࢂค ‫ݤ‬ਥᏵѦ೽Ӣન‫ޑ‬ឦ‫܄‬ϩಔ຾Չᔠ‫ۓ‬ǶMann-Whitney ᔠ‫ۓ‬ёаஒ،฼ൂϡਥᏵѦ೽Ӣ ન‫ޑ‬ឦ‫܄‬ϩࣁ‫ঁٿ‬ဂᡏǴ٠ᔠ‫ځۓ‬ਏ౗ॶࢂցԖৡ౦Ǵٗঁဂᡏ‫ޑ‬ਏ౗ॶၨଯǶ Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ۓ‬ёаஒ،฼ൂϡਥᏵѦ೽Ӣન‫ޑ‬ឦ‫܄‬ϩࣁӭঁဂᡏǴ٠ᔠ‫ۓ‬යਏ౗ ॶࢂցԖৡ౦ǶȐֆᔮ๮ᆶՖ࢙҅Ǵ2008ȑǶ. ಃϤ࿯ġᐒႝπำౢ཰ϐࣴ‫ز‬ ߈Μԃٰᜢ‫ܭ‬ᐒႝπำౢ཰ϐࣴ‫ز‬Ǵᖐ‫ځ‬ᅡᅡε‫ޣ‬εཷԖаΠ൳ጇ࣬ᜢࣴ‫ز‬: ᒘሎ ஜ(2009)೸ၸᐒႝπำౢ཰ϐϩ‫݋‬Ǵҗᐒႝπำ཰ϐᔼၮ฼ౣǵӄౚᔼၮኳԄϷၠ୯ ᔼၮᕴ೽ϐ฼ౣٰ௖૸ᐒႝπำ཰ϐၠ୯ᔼၮ฼ౣϷኳԄǴ٠аҾ཰ႝηϯϩ‫݋‬ำ‫ׇ‬ ‫ޑ‬Ѥঁ‫؁‬ᡯҗ΢ԶΠϩ‫݋‬Ƕ၀ࣴ‫ز‬೸ၸᆶঁਢϦљ࿶ᔼଯቫϐుࡋೖፋǴ௖૸ঁਢϦ љவ΋฼ౣቫભҗ΢ԶΠϩ‫݋‬ၠ୯ᔼၮϐ฼ౣǴ٠аԜ฼ౣ຾Չ୘཰ኳԄϐೕჄǴӆ ࡌҥ၀୘཰ኳԄΠϐࢬำၮբϷ IT ϕ୏ϐኳԄǶа‫࣬ٮ‬ᜢҾ཰҂ٰว৖ၠ୯ᔼၮϐୖ ԵǶ ֈߎਗ(2006)аঁਢϩ‫ޑ݋‬БԄǴࣴ‫ز‬ϩ‫݋‬ᐒႝπำౢ཰Γ঩ᕮਏຑ՗ࡰ኱‫ޑ‬ၮ ҔǶ၀ࣴ‫ز‬ϩ‫༼݋‬᏾ҔаᑽໆΓ঩ᕮਏϐӚ໨ࡰ኱Ǵ٠ᔈҔቺᅟ๷‫ೌמ‬Ǵ௖઩ᐒႝπ ำౢ཰፾Ҕϐ஑ਢπำΓ঩ᕮਏࡰ኱Ƕനࡕଞჹᐒႝπำౢ཰ǴගрᐒႝπำΓ঩ᕮ ਏࡰ኱ϐ‫ڀ‬ᡏࡌ᝼Ƕ Schiersch(2012)߾аၗ਑х๎ϩ‫(݋‬DEA)௖૸ቺ୯ᐒႝቷ୘ᔼၮೕኳᆶਏ౗ϐ໔‫ޑ‬ ᜢ߯Ǵࣴ‫ز‬ว౜ύλҾ཰‫ޑ‬ᐒႝቷ୘ᔼၮᕮਏၨ٫Ǵ࿶ᔼ‫ޣ‬ၨࣁᑈཱུЬ୏‫ޑ‬ᐒႝቷ୘ ‫ځ‬ᔼၮᕮਏҭၨ٫Ƕ. .

(31) ഋऍች(2014)߯а Osterwalder and Pigneur(2010)‫ޑ‬୘཰ኳԄࣁࢎᄬǴ௦Ҕ፦‫زࣴ܄‬ Б‫ݤ‬Ǵ୘཰ኳԄബཥ௖૸ஒ٩Ҟ኱࠼ቫǵሽॶЬ஭ǵ೯ၡǵ៝࠼ᜢ߯ǵԏ੻ࢬǵᜢᗖ ၗྍǵᜢᗖࢲ୏ǵᜢᗖӝբუՔаϷԋҁ่ᄬ฻य़ӛ຾Չ૸ፕǴаᙶమᐒႝπำ୍ܺ ബཥሽॶ໺ሀ᜘ჹ‫࠼ܭ‬ЊሽॶЬ஭ϐᔠᡍǴࡌҥ୘཰ኳԄബཥ٠ϩ‫݋‬ᔼၮᕮਏǶ. .

(32) ಃΟകġ ࣴ‫ز‬ၗ਑ᆶࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ ಃ΋࿯ࣴ‫ࢎز‬ᄬᆶБ‫ݤ‬ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ЬᚒࢂǴঁਢ B Ϧљӧੀ୯ǵ‫ۏ‬у܎ǵຫࠄϷЃ୷ථ‫ڶ‬Ѥঁѱ൑Ǵ‫ ܭ‬2006 ԃࡋԿ 2017 ԃࡋ໔Ǵϐᔼၮᕮਏϩ‫݋‬Ƕၠ୯ᔼၮᕮਏϩ‫݋‬Ў᝘ࡐӭǴՠӭࢂ૸ፕ୘ࠔ ၠ୯ՉᎍǴᐒႝπำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰୍ϐၠ୯ᔼၮᕮਏࣴ‫ز‬ၨϿǴӵঁਢ B Ϧљӧᔼ஑཰તᙃ ౢ཰ᐒႝπำ‫܍‬ᡙ཰୍Ǵၠ୯ᔼၮᕮਏКၨЎ᝘‫׳‬ϿǶ ྍ‫܍‬΢ॊঁਢ B ϦљङඳǴҁࣴ‫ز‬ϐЬा୺ՉࢎᄬӵΠǺ. ঁਢ B Ϧљၗ਑ᇆ໣ᆶ᏾౛Ϸ،฼ൂϡጓ‫ۓ‬. ‫׫‬Ε໨ᆶౢр໨ᒧ‫ۓ‬. ᔼၮᕮਏϩ‫݋‬. ϩ‫่݀݋‬Кჹᆶ่ፕ. B Ϧљ ੀ୯ ຫࠄ ‫ۏ‬у܎ Ѓ୷ථ‫ڶ‬Ѥঁѱ൑ ԃࡋձ௨‫ׇ‬Кၨ. ᕴ‫ೌמ‬ਏ౗ϩ‫݋‬ પ‫ೌמ‬ਏ౗ϩ‫݋‬. Kruskal-Wallis ᔠ‫ۓ‬. ԃࡋձਏ౗ॶКၨ. კ 3- 1 ࣴ‫ࢎز‬ᄬკ. .

(33) ٩΢ॊࣴ‫ࢎز‬ᄬǴ୺ՉೕჄӵΠǺ Ȑ΋ȑ ঁਢ B Ϧљၗ਑ᇆ໣ᆶ᏾౛Ϸ،฼ൂϡጓ‫ۓ‬ ҁЎբ‫ߏޣ‬යவ٣તᙃౢ཰ᐒႝπำ஑཰‫܍‬ᡙπբǴԾঁਢ B ϦљԋҥଆǴջୖ ᆶ၀Ϧљϐᘉ஭ᆶว৖Ǵӧঁਢ B ϦљၮᙯύЈǴԾѠчᎂ౽ୗ‫ك‬ਔҁЎբ‫ࣁޣ‬Ьा ୺ՉΓǴԶЪЬᏤ 2008 ԃঁਢ B ϦљިܿϷဠ٣཮‫ׯ‬ಔ٣‫ە‬Ƕ ҁЎբ‫ޣ‬ёа‫ڗ‬ளঁਢ B Ϧљֹ᏾ᔼၮၗ਑Ǵаճҁࣴ‫଺ز‬ਔᐒϩ‫݋‬КၨǴҁЎ բ‫ޣ‬Αှঁਢ B Ϧљว৖ᐕўǴૈӝ౛ᒧुԃࡋᆶѱ൑Ǵୖᆶ DEA ϩ‫݋‬КၨǴᗉխ ᇤҔߚᡄᒠ‫܄‬ၗ਑Ǵ೷ԋࣴ‫่݀ز‬ѨਏǶ‫܌‬аᒧ‫ঁۓ‬ਢ B ϦљǴࣁҁЎࣴ‫ز‬ჹຝǶ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ϐϩ‫݋‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ǴӧΑှঁਢ B Ϧљၸ۳ԃࡋǵѱ൑ᔼၮᕮਏǴаճঁਢ B Ϧ љ଺҂ٰᔼၮೕჄǴΨёаග‫ٮ‬ӕ཰Ǵ‫܈‬ѱ൑఼ᇂጄൎᆶঁਢ B Ϧљ࣬߈ϐҾ཰ୖԵǶ ،฼ൂϡϐᑔᒧԵໆӧ‫ܭ‬ჴ౜ϩ‫݋‬Кၨϐӝ౛‫܄‬ǴΨѸ໪Եໆ،฼ൂϡϐӕ፦‫܄‬Ǵ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ीჄԾ‫ঁٿ‬ᆢࡋᑔᒧ،฼ൂϡǴջԃࡋձᆶᔼၮѱ൑ձǶ ीჄᒧ᏷Ծ 2006 ԃԿ 2017 ԃǴаԃࣁൂՏೕჄࣁ 12 ঁԃࡋձǶ2005 ԃа߻ϐၗ ਑ၨόֹ᏾ǴԶЪࣁѱ൑ଯࡋᘉкයǴࡐε೽ϩϐၗྍ‫׫‬Εࣁ჋၂‫܄‬ᐟ຾،฼ǴҔ‫ܭ‬ ຑКᕮਏӝ౛‫܄‬ό‫ى‬Ƕ ीჄᒧ᏷ੀ୯ǵຫࠄǵ‫ۏ‬у܎ϷЃ୷ථ‫ڶ‬ǴೕჄࣁѤঁѱ൑ձǶঁਢ B Ϧљᗨฅ ᏱԖ‫ځ‬дѱ൑཰ᕮǴӵӑѭǵ๷ࡓᇯǵଭٰՋ٥ǵථٚើьϷύ୯ѱ൑ࡌਢǶՠࢂ೭ ٤ѱ൑‫ޑ‬ᔼၮ‫ݩރ‬Ǵόࢂ࡭ុೱೣ࿶ᔼǴၗ਑႟࿗Ǵ‫܌‬аόӈΕຑКϩ‫݋‬Ƕ ٩Ᏽ΢ॊೕჄ 12 ঁԃࡋձǴуа‫ঁ؂‬ԃࡋ୔ϩѤঁѱ൑ձǴ߾ஒౢғ 48 ঁ،฼ ൂϡǴٰ୺Չҁࣴ‫ز‬ϐၗ਑х๎ϩ‫݋‬КၨǶ ȐΒȑ ‫׫‬Ε໨ᆶౢр໨ᒧ‫ۓ‬ а΢ॊঁਢ B Ϧљ཰୍୺ՉࢬำᢀჸǴ٩ྣԃࡋձϷѱ൑ձǴӚ،฼ൂϡёаӈ ᖐΠӈ‫׫‬Ε໨Ϸౢр໨ǴբᕮਏКၨǶ 1. ‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ 2. ҥ໨ਢঁኧ 3. ԋҬਢঁኧ 4. ԋҬਢߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ 5. Лճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ 6. ృճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ .

(34) Ӛ໨Ҟӧόӕय़ӛᕮਏКჹύϐҥ൑Ǵߚ๊ჹ‫܄‬ѝૈӈᘜ‫׫ܭ‬Ε໨‫܈‬ౢр໨ǴԶ ࢂ࣬ჹ‫܄‬٩ᕮਏКၨय़ӛǴԶ،‫ۓ‬၀໨Ҟࢂ‫׫‬Ε໨‫܈‬ౢр໨Ƕ җ΢ॊӭঁ‫׫‬Ε໨Ϸౢр໨ЇҙǴҁࣴ‫ز‬ीჄᒧ᏷ჹӈᕮਏКၨǴёа୺Չϐᕮ ਏКၨಔձӵǺ 1.. ҥ໨ਢঁኧ / ‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ. 2.. ԋҬਢঁኧ / ‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ. 3.. ԋҬਢߎᚐᕴ‫ ک‬/ ‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ. 4.. Лճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ ک‬/ ‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ. 5.. ృճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ ک‬/ ‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ. 6.. ኳᔕృճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ ک‬/ ‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ. 7.. ԋҬਢߎᚐᕴ‫ ک‬/ ԋҬਢঁኧ. 8.. Лճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ ک‬/ ԋҬਢঁኧ. 9.. Лճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ ک‬/ ԋҬਢߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬. 10. ԋҬਢঁኧ / ҥ໨ਢঁኧ ҥ໨ਢঁኧ ԋҬਢঁኧ ‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬Εߎᚐ. 4 ঁѱ൑ x 12 ঁԃࡋ =! 48 ঁ،฼ൂϡ. ԋҬਢߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ Лճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬ ృճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬. 4 ঁѱ൑ x 12 ঁԃࡋ ԋҬਢঁኧ. =! 48 ঁ،฼ൂϡ. Лճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬. ԋҬਢߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬. 4 ঁѱ൑ x 12 ঁԃࡋ. Лճዎߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬. ҥ໨ਢঁኧ. 4 ঁѱ൑ x 12 ঁԃࡋ. ԋҬਢঁኧ. კ 3- 2 ‫׫‬Ε໨ᆶౢр໨ᆶ،฼ൂϡ . ԋҬਢߎᚐᕴ‫ک‬.

(35) ȐΟȑ ᔼၮᕮਏϩ‫݋‬ ࡐӭЎ᝘ၮҔ DEA ‫ݤ‬ϩ‫ߚ݋‬ᔼճಔᙃਔǴӭቚયȨߚཀటౢрኳԄȩϩ‫݋‬ǴനЬ ा‫ޑ‬ӢનǴࢂ೭٤ಔᙃᐒᄬၮբύ཮Ԗό‫ؼ‬ౢр໨ǴԶ೭٤ό‫ؼ‬ౢр໨ჹ‫܈཮ޗ‬ᕉნ ౢғό‫ؼ‬ቹៜǴѸ໪ஒ೭٤ό‫ؼ‬ቹៜǴӈࣁჹ೭٤ಔᙃ‫ޑ‬Եਡख़ᗺǶ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ჹຝঁਢ B Ϧљࣁપ‫د‬ҥᔼճൂՏǴᕇճࢂЬाၮբҞ኱Ǵҁࣴ‫ز‬ѝଞჹ ‫ځ‬ᕇճ‫࣬܈‬ᜢᕇճёૈӢન‫ޑ‬ᕮਏϩ‫݋‬ǴԖคό‫ؼ‬ౢр໨ϐቹៜǴ٠όӧҁࣴ‫ز‬ጄൎǴ ‫܌‬аҁࣴ‫ൂز‬પᒧ᏷໺಍ BCC ౢрᏤӛ DEA ‫ݤ‬ϩ‫݋‬Ǵ٠ϩຑமਏ౗ॶϷ১ਏ౗ॶǶ ൂ‫׫‬Ε໨ჹᔈൂౢр໨ DEA ‫ݤ‬ຑໆᕮਏǴନΑёаளр،฼ൂϡ௨‫ׇ‬ѦǴΨ৒ܰག‫ڙ‬ ‫׫‬Ε໨Ϸౢр໨ϐ๊ჹॶǶЪҔӭಔൂ‫׫‬Ε໨ჹᔈൂౢр໨ DEA ‫ݤ‬Ǵຑໆঁਢ B Ϧ љᕮਏǶ ȐѤȑ ᔠ‫ۓ‬Ѧ೽Ӣનჹ‫ܭ‬ᕮਏ߄౜‫ޑ‬ቹៜ Ѧ೽Ӣનࢂᕮਏຑ՗ख़ᗺǴѦ೽Ӣનό཮೏،฼ൂϡ‫܌‬௓‫ڋ‬ǴՠࢂΞᡉ๱ቹៜ، ฼ൂϡϐᕮਏ߄౜ǴӢԜᕮਏຑКѸ໪ӆᇶа‫ځ‬дБ‫ݤ‬ᔠ‫ۓ‬Ѧ೽Ӣન‫܌‬೷ԋ‫ޑ‬ቹៜǶ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ीჄ٩Βᅿय़ӛջѱ൑ձϷԃࡋձǴϩձჹᕴ‫ೌמ‬ਏ౗(CCR)ǵ‫׫‬ΕᏤӛપ‫מ‬ ೌਏ౗(BCC-I)ϷౢрᏤӛપ‫ೌמ‬ਏ౗(BCC-O)Ǵа Kruskal-Wallis Б‫ݤ‬բᔠ‫ۓ‬ीᆉǴ ղ‫ۓ‬Ѧ೽ӢનቹៜำࡋǶ Ȑϖȑ ၗ਑х๎ϩ‫ݤ݋‬ϩ‫݋‬ϐ่݀Кჹᆶ่ፕ ၗ਑х๎ϩ‫ݤ݋‬ၮᆉ่݀Ǵஒև౜ӚຑໆಔձύǴ‫؂‬΋ঁ،฼ൂϡᕮਏ௨ӜǴΨ ཮ᡉҢၨৡᕮਏ،฼ൂϡϐલഐॶǶᗨฅѱ൑࿶ᔮೕኳǴёૈቹៜ،฼ൂϡᕮਏ‫๊ޑ‬ ჹॶǴՠࢂၗ਑х๎ϩ‫ݤ݋‬ϐᕮਏຑໆǴౢрໆჹК‫׫‬ΕໆϐК‫ٯ‬ຑໆ੝‫܄‬Ǵஒ఩ϯ ࿶ᔮೕኳǴჹӚ،฼ൂϡᕮਏຑໆϐቹៜǶ ӚᕮਏКၨಔձǴόӕ‫׫‬Ε໨Ϸౢр໨ǴჹК‫ޑ‬ᕮਏ֖ကԖ‫܌‬ৡ౦Ƕӭಔձᕮਏ Кჹ่݀ǴΨૈ෧Ͽঁձѱ൑ඳ਻Ǵჹ،฼ൂϡᕮਏК‫ׇ‬ϐቹៜำࡋǶࢂ൩ӚКჹಔ ձǴ‫׫‬Ε໨ᆶౢр໨ᕮਏຑໆ֖ကഋॊӵΠǺ 1. ҥ໨ঁਢኧ / ‫ۓڰ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐǺҥ໨ঁਢኧж߄Α‫ٿ‬ቫ֖ကǴ΋ࣁѱ൑ඳ਻ࡰ ኱ǴΒࣁ،฼ൂϡ၀ԃࡋϐπբໆǶҥ໨ঁਢኧӭǴԖёૈ၀ѱ൑ඳ਻ߚதӳǴ Ԗࡐӭሡ‫؃‬Ǵ‫܌‬а၀،฼ൂϡԖࡐӭᐒ཮ҥਢ଺ൔሽǶΨԖёૈ၀ѱ൑ඳ਻٠ό ࢂߚதᄣ‫ܮ‬Ǵՠࢂ،฼ൂϡոΚ൨‫פ‬୘ᐒǴബ೷ࡐӭൔሽᐒ཮Ƕคፕࢂব΋ঁ௃ ‫ݩ‬Ǵ೿ж߄πբໆࡐଯǴჹК‫ۓڰܭ‬ԋҁ‫׫‬ΕߎᚐǴёа़ғࣁٌമࡰኧǶ .