蘇聯對「第三世界」的宣傳活動─論非軍事工具在蘇聯對外政策中的運用

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(1):';('/ . •. • • • ,r-.l11$:1~J ~~ml.$.. -~~*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ~ ~1CiCkM::::M~tc=MIC:H""""~~1CiiiiiH 1C:M1IoCII'!II!IM~ 1C:H..:=oc~ICli:W~~IC::>I..:::::NIC:HM:;:I!I(IC::>II. !jm. D. ~. ~. I. t4.!t ~ ••~~~~.. I D. D. II ~ ·••:m.~CiiI~~.ml.+t11!il ••••:m~~~. l:f1 • :IIi ... , it 1111tI. '~IC:HIC::>I~IC:M~~IC:H~~~ICiCk~~~~~IC:M~~~~~IC:H~. I. ~~. ~.~~. .. ... •••••~~••~l • • ~~.·~*.~. 1 ~~ 1 .!il-it~:E:". [I!1~SE •. •. ~ . .q. *D.~~~~.~~~. •. t!:il¥: 1• • ~~~!lm • .g~~~ • •~~ml::~*. ••~~.~q~~.~~~~~~.~$~l.~~~~~H~oW~~~~~~tr.~~~~.~~~~. .1~~~~.S~~*·~ ~~l.~~~. .~~~jmJlRl*~ (Andrei A. Gromyko) • ~W. ~~.~~~~.~~~~~~~oe ~jmJl.*~.g:;li{JI[~~. D. 1 .1+l~~~ •• \ti:'ii!**{JI[~.~il'i\~<\l1m- r ~.il'i\~J (Correlation of Forces) ~mt~ ~ • • ~m-~.~il'i\~·mW~il'i\r~.1+l.~~J~*~~~~~·@~tr~~• • ~. ~.~~~~~~·~~~O.!il-~~~·. e. c:. Q::Y:--~¥:c~"".~t±~. S'. 1's1t'1?:;:.}---,,';;:•.:. $-:''1-~:'' ••~~,~-~-"--. Pravda, 4. April 1971; translated in Foreign Broadcast Information Service (hereafter FBIS), Daily RePart-Soviet Union, 6 April 1971, p.77. @ • •A~. r-R.CiiI~J l4~:lfi .~. ~l\Ir G. Shakhnazarov, "On the Problem oJ ~he Correlatiion of Forces," Kommunist (February 1974), Quoted in Strategic Review (Fall 1974): 109-114; A. Sergiyev, "Leniwsm on the Correlation of Forces as a Factor of International' Relations," International Affairs (Moscow) (May 5, 1975): 99-107; Sh. Sanakoyev, "The Worla Today: Proble m of the Correlation of Forces," International Affairs (Moecow) (November 11, 1974): 40-50. tm~o:m.iiaI~~:ttl.Je:m( Michael J. Deane, The Soviet Concept of the "Correlation of Forces" (Menlo Park, Cali: Stanford Research Institute, 1976)•. pc. • •iii{ r.l11$l.~J ~~mJ.):J:g.. "ZS-".

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(3) Sfates), February 18, 1970, p.1l9.. CPSU (May 1974), Translated by FBIS (May 1974). ~.8Hmt/ii;.att!t\~lii.~}l:!!.~:mitifal!t;:,'m• .ll;:1l!ilStephen S. Kaplan, Diplomacy of Power: Soviot Armed Forces as a Political Instrll. @) A. A. Grechko, "The Leading Role of the CPSU in Building the Army of a Developed Socialist Society," Problems of History of the. 9 G. Trofimenko, "From Confrontation to Coexistence," International Affairs (Moscow) (october 1975):38.. @. ment (Warhington, D. C.: The Brookings Institution. 1981).. 1~=l#;amt.lt!~~~.iI£E H. •••••. ••m.. - *iD(~{lJiH\ r~lll$1~J ~• • rm. ••••••. r~'ttt'J f:;.~ 0 i{fE ~ iEI~Bm\-.HIIlIj(~m:::8iIii'~~1nI!i: ~ ~~~-<~~ ~ l!£~:ft1~~~t4t~~~~ili'~ }§:fK~~m:::jl{;;!ImI-.:8i*lEt-li\< $~~~*~~~~~~.~.~~Da~~~~ ~~~~.l~l.-~.~WW ~.~~. *-P<I:t~~/H1~rm~ ~ mi5#l~;1?;a~.~~llYiI:l~. ~+t1Iill-<:l!l!SM~o ~o. ~~HIIlIj(~m~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N~~~.~~D~~~*.~~.~-~~:8i. ... , !'!~ , ,. J E>. 0. D. - ~llim'J~~I*\~tH~m~~~*. ~ ~~~~Mill~:f\l]~{lb!:f:fi. 0. - .e¢l$¥.~~JJj C Kurt London ) ~~~. C Bolshevik ) • • ~1:;,j~.:b'i. @)~I~I[!N - mK. !iE~:f\II~.~l!!ll!!f~{anlIll!K~tlH-Y~~~~!!§HE~J<1+I~TI±:?~ ~ ~~.fE. 1l!±~~~f!!iI~~" ~~l$l~~*<{an~~mll!!!!t*. I ~=l#;!Jm!-.$iHtmj( ~ ~mll!!!!t~.!l:~~~ - ~~~;U:;.\le!~$l~~:l;tIl~ $¥.~~~ CK. J. Holsti). 0. l:l!f!$!!;~li\1g1~l[!~Il!$'~~~~~¢ll;!~. ~1111[!N" ~~~~.iI£E:8i. ~~~~_~~~~~~~~~a~N~~*W-~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~ •• tr~~~~~*.~~.-.~~~~ D. :f:fi~~. ~~ ~.:j(.~~$l~il!l'!~ll;!.. ~t.\f~1!l1* 1tm:rm~a5~~~~~~~~.~~~~.iI£E~~~ 1. * ~ ~mll!!fNrn~~~~~~~:b'i 1J:i!i!\lBl1l~M1I* ~ ~#lmW 1~ 1. nlllll!!U. r. ~i2r~Itf{ .. r.~, ~*,'.il:. K.J, Holsti. I1zternational Politics: A Framewook for Analysis (Englewood:Cbiffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Inc .• 1972). p.21l.. $l~:j(~~~~.~ • • • • ~~\lBl1l~~~~l!!f-.~~~~.~~*H .$lUlIfi.~~~tllll!t~~~·tWU~ 1~~/H1~~~jj[ - @) .r:;">'''''= .. *-P<IS~~~¥iR~~~~mll!!f:b'i~1t ~. E>. ~• •at;E~:mlii;1gfJi.llt -. @ Kurt London, The Making of Foreign Pobiy: East & West (N. Y.: J.B. Lippincott Company. 1965), p.254.. 0. .~IW~:m~~~llnt: "11mWP!H!"~~t!t\~~~~~ 0 -!B~+<~l:litti]tr~nml*~IIlWl)ll~r<~~" $i~~1lft.! I ~~f:::mir:~IiI!\J.Hmt 0 J r~jU ~~~~fl\II:". @) _ " rUm!~J (propaganda) ~ r~iiJ (agitation) ~llill!i!!i1~~zsSg:!i.::Ili~~~. ~~~~~m~.zsS~~~~~,~.,.~,.~,.~,~~~l:lit~~;EO~~~*:mI~~ii~hlom:m~~.~~:mQ.~~~o~~Ilft.!~~ir:~N. 0 J _W Boris Pulion. cd., Political Terms: A Shsrt Guide (Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House, 1982), p. 69. 4. .L\~_It:mllli!l'\iltil;;*~g:!i.::m 0 ..L.T!\'!I1l:l! ( Stefan T. Possony ) ~t1~fl\II: - nml~J blSi*:milii~~fl\II:!I!()RI~.. /:!I!:1!l:~.~s-Ni;!:il:! l.lii;1g~~.~~UIKI!\J.~hl. .. 111. ~ .. 1tIl!IMllft.!.ll'!I+<~.-l§ r~iiJ ~~t!t\-E-~~ - ~Itf{!lii!~' ~~zsS~.J1:mm.1!l.l§* 0 rtml~J l!IfltJE~IlE.*~~$·~ r~~J ~+<~~~~ol/.m 0 ~ Stefan T. Rossony, "Communist Psychological Warfare." in Robert Strausz-Hupe et al.. Protractea Conflict: A Challenging Stuety. r~ 111 $1~ J :8i ~mll!!f~.. of Communist Strategy (New York: Harper CalophonBooks, 1963). p. 222.. • •iIi.

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(5) .-. ·~~~.~5~~~~.~~. ~~.~. ..... .... ~~.~~.~.·aJ@. I*!K I JV. ~~.~.~•• ~-. (~*~.) .Ji:l~ C:¥l:~··-<tll{-33~iliil~. ~}m« 0. ... ~~~~~ - ~~~ffi1i~~{lI!l~~~-< - .J;l;l.~~~~~OlIl!!l:~~~;£S~m:~fIl:ill)l;g~~.i\lIHf- - :ll.m1f¢111;\~',I!~:J:K~l!jl~~~0l1i!!E~~ •• ~~ •• ~.~~-~_.~~~~.~W~.~W*~. l~*~~.aW••:J:K*. ... HolsH, International Politics, p. 212.. @ ~*~ r~_J. ..~. ~~.:ill.~o.:J:K*~M •• ~~~ '". .~~~~m~~~o.:J:K~."'~~~~~~i!!E.~~~~~$~~~~~:ill~~~~~"'~~~~~~.~~~~~._~~. ~~~~~.~~~*K~~~~•• "'.~.~~.~.~.*~.... M~Q@. 0. '". .. ~~!ii'~Jilg;~~t'->.fiHZ .. ~mll!!l:.w:J:K~¥.Ha'~~*~~.mW.~~.~I~ft .. %!f:H~~¥.lI-~a'~~~*~iii~i¢~~. 0. i!!E.~mrg;U.~ •• ~~~~.~ t~:J:K*~M,~;m~~J.i!t.~ •• ~~I\~-lJ>(~ ~.an~~?t~~lllll!:~~~ ~ml!ln@tf&lrnl'.alJil~~ .. ill~.~~.~~*.~$Bi'~itian~~~;j5l~;I!!;!l:j(I~." .. ~.*:J:«Mli\1!~la~~.fIi1i .. ~~-Y~~~ 0. ... of revolutionaries) .. {.\J~1II~. 0. ~.~~~.~~o.¥.lI-.M~-.~~.~*~.~R"'~.:illan~~W.:J:K.~.~"~~~.~.~.:ill.~ •• o.~ mW¥.lI-.~~~~~~~~~mll!E" J l!SH!t~~*~~';'m~:ill~. ~~ ~m].~~~:ffi:i$;4a .. ~~~~:J:K~.~Ml$IU~i*~ :J:K{amg 0. ~~ •• ~~*~M~"'~~*~M~~~~~~~ •• :J:K~~~~H - ~tl:;!~.~m].~~tI .. ~~~ I 5 r~.~~~tlJ ( organisation .w~*~,~an*. .;£S~._~~ ••. o. "~.H~ •• ~ •• ~~.~.~.~~*.wom~~~~.~.ar.~~~~*~~~~R. ~ ••• ~.~~*~.~~M~~~.~o·~* •• H-<*~~.~.*~I.~.~.:ffiMft~"H-<~~~.~~~~ S~W~•• ~M~a $o~~~~.~. 0. ~lIH!t*.~g~* .. !iJ'm.~~~.~~H~~~'iW::fK{~~~-Y W•• iifi.~:ill!l1lftr .. ~~ r~~~.~J *-~~.J~~~o~~;£S_~~.~~~":fK.~.~~l.~.~~••• S.*~~~~~.~. ~~~~~~~ilan~ 0 .t'->~~~ 1 an~ .. :J:K{~~~~I)l~~~Hlmj( .. ~FI~~Ill:{.~'~tm 0 @. ~~~~~.~~l~'~.Hlmj("~~~.~~~~~~ •• ~~~~~~:ill~~~~o~Wl~O~~~~ .. ~*~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~C~~~~~.~!ii'~~1~~.~~~~~) o~*~~"-~~~~~*~W~"~~M.:fK.~tI~. .. 0. V.I. Lenin, What Is To Be Done? (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1973), p. 109.. 0. *~~H~~ I imi~ ~*~~~Il~" r~~~i~I!,{M~ •• ~ft~ I 5Wilft .. :j(~~~~~!IJlm~I1.w.itl~~nlITK ~IJlt~tl:;!~±I ~*~·.~~~.~"'~.~~~~~ ~~~~~.~~~~~oJ@. •. @ FBIS, Supplement, 28 October 1985, pp. 20-21 •. @ Ronald 1. Hill and Peter Frank, The Soviet Communist Part, (Boston: George Allen & Unwin. 1981), p. 77.. ~. Marxism: The Political Concepts of Soviet Ideology, Maoism, and Humanist Marxism (New York: Paragon Books, 1679), p. 55.. @ V.I. Lenin. "Party Organization and Party Literature," November 13(26), 1905, x.46. quoted in Wolfgang Leonhard, Three Faces of. ~ • • nl!&\ll$l~J ~~m].}j:g~.

(6) •. ~ •. ••. ~. ••. K. 0. ~.~~~~.~-~ ~~~~~.~~.~. ........ ~~~m·.~S fi• • •~.~~~.~~H~o~~ ••• ~.~.~.M·~ ~*.~~~.~o r••• ~ ••• ~~~.~ •• ~~ •• ~~~·~M~~~H~~~.·.~~_~ •• ~.~~~M*~••••• RoJ~~. 1~;U$l:f¥JI~l!+t1i1 r~~.!l ~H~ J @ ntHm~~ff,;~~~~~MfH~~lifo"li:~:qgijij· ~iil~.~~~~~~IlI~. ... .. .. .. ... ... .~ ~ ~.~ ~~~m.~~.~~ ~ ~.~-~~~.~~~~~ ~~.~~.~~€.~~~~.~~.~ o • • ~.~ • • • ~~~.~~~E~.~. .1 ••• o~~~~~~M+t1.M.*~.~ ••• I~$.~~.~~m*'~~e.oo. ~M.*~~~~}Elll1n .•• 1~~:fK~H+l. r~~miJ ( Messianism) ~.~W-tml!lg 0 ~.~~~.fIll$. rit!.+t1i1~ .~~~J ( socialist foreign pobiy) • {il~~ • • :jlI\jJ*~~~ - ~~~+tl!m\~-\r::<liii - .&.§ij!lH~-tmit!.+t1i1ie~~~~ - ~. ~~~~~~it!.+t1i1~#M+tl.~~~~~~o~.~it!.+tl.~~~.~~.~~-~~+tlil~~~it!.~~~-\r::~o~~. 0. ~~$.~.*~~~ •• it!.*-~.~.~~~.R~ ••• ~.-~~~~~.~~~~.~~~a~~.&.§-~·&. ~~a •• ~+tl!m\.8·}ER~~-\r::~o •• ~N· 1.it!.+tlil.*~.~~.· •• ~~ ••+tlil~~~o.~~~-~. mr.w+~*~ist)r:rJ~m!\$:ll~·· r~M~.~.~~. - 1$!!m\~:!R~.*~*4§'iliiI - ~~~~~.~;w!al:{~.4n~* -.~ti:1$: ilFR+tlililiiI J @ •• ~.~~~.l.it!.+tl ••*--tm~m~ijij~ •• ~~:fK.*.~~~~ ••+tl.ti:1.o ••~~~~~ti:1.·~m 0. ~~~{il~ r _mJ ~.lX-H- e. ••. 0. ••. 0. ~~~.*~a~.~R·.~ ••~~~.~~a·~••• _.~.~~a~~~.~~~*~~~a·}ErE.~. ~.-$l~~~ ~J>Rilill!~~~G1 J @ • • :lfiga~ _ l!ii~~~.~/~t~~~~ _*~~ ~~t1<\4li~~R~~G1~;gW~ t@~~. London. The Making of Foreign Policy, p. 293.. @ Hill and Frank, The Soviet Communist Party, pp. 133-134.. o. 27-28.. ® Sh. P. Sanakoyev and N. I. Kapchenko, Socialism: Foreign Policy in Theory and Practic(J (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1976), pp.. policy", in Foreilln Policy in World Politics, ed. Roy. 9.. J. I@. r~_"""".~1 .. 0. Macridis (Engleurod Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc •• 1976), p. 167.. @) V.I. Lenin. Collected Works, Vol. 25. p. 87. quoted in Sanakoyw and Kapchenko, Socialism, p. 26. e i:i;tlllt~l'lt\ll;!~#j ( I ;;;:-\J-\J) .gr,*.II+<~~-!}- ~ ~f'-.~\~U:tii~~~:gtm~i:i;t~I!I,g::j:\(-Ml1H• •~~l!lld~~I!IMHlt~ ~ CS~~lJ'iijU\tl!l~~(tli~ ~ ~ &;~!l!iif'-.~lEil$l~iil;HI:!1H.$!:!;;i ~ 1Il\:\t~$!-<~~~:\I!I~~/ii.!~~~*,~*:g.1l\f. 0 ft~ The Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the USSR, 1977. quoted in David Lane, Politics & Society in the USSR (New York: New York University Press, 1978), appendix. c/2, p. 559. ® W. K. Knorin, Fascism, Social-Democracy and the Communists (Moscow, 1933), Ouoted in Vernon V. Aspaturian, "Soviet Foreign. _ stlM!>. *.*"P'C;t~~~"HI!I!R=iIi\~$1B1tfIBOlils!=~.\1ft. .. ~/I-.-~• •fI!!!s!=:jg~tl. ~~~~iWf~.$~~mW~/Il!I;:ffl. ••IJ.~ii<n*.ffi..~*:lfi.~ ·~n•• :!i'a!llri~~It~I!!-R~tw£~-<III~Jfb<itl"#l.$i~~H~~mI!:m 1 ~rb I.

(7) '~""""m""""""'" '-. J. ".,....,..../. 0. The Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the USSR.. """f:5.lll"r4ll'\1 ' ... "lliiHIlII1it' ~tltr~IR.iP$\~l!BE~rm~w.~IIrK::fKlIB1.J+l.I!~m~~~!Il!!i~~ ~ ~~BI~1'Illi"IIIiItW:iII:-~l!l~ _ 'I!!. ~il~U!!'->Ml!iil$l~~-$:r#l.fi!;lzl ~ tf;-(:tt'!~fi!-<Ill\~Ill\~lJ:~~~-$:rtl*,~.~.!I\I- ~lN'. 1977, quoted in David Lane, Politics & Society in the USSR (New York: New York University Press, 1978), appendix c/2, p. 559.. POlicy", in Foreign Policy in World Politics, edt Roy C. Macridis (Engleurod Cliffs. New Jersey: Prentice-Han Inc•• 1976), p. 167,. ®l W. K. Knorin. Fascism, Social-Democracy and the Communists (Moscow, -1933), Ouoted in Vernon V. Aspaturian, ·Soviet Foreign. .. r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~$~~~~~~oJO. ~~.1~~~~.~~.~~~~~~.~. ~~~~~. ~.~. (natinal objectives) a!K r~~llI1~J (international objeictives) t?&I~*"lll!!!. 0. @. ~~.~. •• doJ~~.~.~~~••~~~M.~~E*~~~~~~.~~.~*~~~M~•. ~. {thllrJiWi~~*~:;:qz ra~H~DIl~J. ~~.*~~~~~#M~. ~~~.~~~~*~~~~.~~. ~~~~~~w~.~~~~~r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~~~~~~~l~~J ~~~r~~~~J. *~~~~. ... .. .. .. ... ~~.~~ ••• -.~ ••• ~ •• ~~~~~.H~·~~W~•• ~~~.~ •• N~oW~·~~.~.~~~.. ... ~~~~~~-~~.~~M~~~~.~~.~. .... ~.. •• ~.~~~r.~~.~H~~~~~~~.l$~~~w~~~~ •. ~.~~~.~~~~.~~.~H~~~~.~.~~. ... ~.~.*~~~~. ~~.~~~.·~~.~~.~.~~«~~. ~~~~~.~~~b~. ••~~~.~~M~~ •• ~~~~*~~g~~•• ·ru•• ~r.~~.J~~~.~~.R~~~~~~~~.~.. .... ~.W ••• ~~M~.~~*~~~~~~~~o. . ~. iid~. ~~~.W 0. r••ijfuJ'. (Comintern). 0. 0 ••. 0. ~~. •• o~• • ~W.~~.~~t?&IB:!H~.~.~~l~. W1 -F!g[111.t!f-.~~ - !11Wl.iFflil[:.ffii5~~m::~~~~#.:jlBJ-4fi~H~. r.~*~iFfliJ~r~~i\htijfuijfuJ.a. r~fSt\.~J. ••• ~·g~·.~·~~.~~H~o. .. ~J!H. .:!!*••. ~*$~~~~~ilI!~~~;!WJ~~ W •• ~{:(.l!I.\**. r.~lllEU (politburs) ~:lt.:!H~ •• W r.~il@J ~.~~~~ tr«\¥!!\nrm:•• ~:!HH::l$!! nfuJ (department) *~~~.~~wj.~$;)~~H~ ll~~H::l~iFfli$J~ r~m1.~J (Propaganda Depa rtment) , r~~i\htlF.fnijfuJ (Cadres Abroad Department) , r~.~J (Internatonal Department) , r••l~Jllli!i:ijfu (Internatioal Infonrmation Department) r {:(.~ijfuJ (Liaison with Bloc Parties Department). J. r.~ijfuJ. ... ~~~ijfu~*.. 3:. ~~~~. ~G~~~~~*~. Er••~HlF.fnJ ··~~.~ •••••• «=~.·~~~~.m~ ••• $~*~~ •••• om.~.~~I~.~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ffi~~ • • • • • ~~~*~~*o ® V. I. Lenin, Collected Works (Vol. 36). 1900-1923 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1966), p. 609.. ® V. I. Popov, I. D. Orsyany, V. P. Nikhamiti, eds., A Study of Soviet Foreign Policy (Mascow: Progress Publishers, 1975), pp. 14-15.. -:\l. .@ Zbigniew K. Brzezinski, Ideology and Power in Soviet Politics (New York: Frederick A. Prager, Publishers, 1967), p. 142.. ~~ml.}j:g~ . ® Hill and Frank, The Societ Communist Party, p. 134.. • •ili\ r:mR 111 ~~J.

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(9) .~~°fu~~.ffi~~.~~$~~Ba~.ffi~.~~.~. 0. ~lWCharles. October 1983), A2.. ~~.*}llilt!;:. •• ~~.~•• ~-~ •••• E~~.~~~.~~~~.. r.iK~J ~t.\. A. Sorrels, Soviet Propaganda Campaign againsl NATO (U. S. Arms Contral Disar and rmament Agency,. ® Richard F. Staar, USSR Foreign Policies A/ter Detente (Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Prees, 1985), pp 64-65. ® r.W;~J :E1~m1.}lgiit1tl\!li4m~tUll!}L- r. ItUPnWlJt!J (First Cheb Directorate) :E1 r <ilii«ltIliJ (Service A) ~ ~lil!R~ll?i" ~~. 0. 0. ••. ~I'i i\~i'HE1~1IT" rI!l:{~~t!l!!!~ I ~$l~jJ:i:lfi~~ J ~i\I!l:{~~lIiI:lfitR~~~~l~llI" -m~:!R~H~~~~fifti~"+H:lI!§H-<~ ._... ~~~r~r~~*~•• ~-<I!l:{I!l:{ •• ~~& ... ~~~ •• :lfi~~ .. *~+H.*.~.o® ~~ilH~~~~~itH_+H._<1.1H~~:lfi:!R~~:¢itf .. l<\i!:Il~~I!l:{.{JII;;l$t!!~:lfi~lIiI- Ml-m~~{limJlj!g~:lfi 0i#~* 1~ I K.tIt I 1~HiS.:lfi I .lIiI~ riE!.+H._.'*I!l:{.{JII;;l$jjf~J (The Socialist Revolution and the Right of Nations to Self Determination) :lfiiX~mHI-" ~*~m::{[!1JR(1JE. .. ~~~.~1jf,d~~~1.~~{JIIn.JI!l:{.~.~:lfi~I!l:{~'*I!l:{ ... tm<4*~;mt:R~:lfi{JII -mo~~:lfi~"~~~~~.:lfi~~+H ••~~~~°F- •• ~I!l:{.'*~~I!l:{~H-<N~:lfi~~~~$-~~~~.~o® ~*~~I!l:{~~lIiI:lfi •• "~.~~.:lfii!:l~~"~.~@~~_••• ".~~~.:lfi~~o~*:lfi.W~~.#(1 Stalin) (tr:t1(m~+<#) i#:j(~:!;::tr~~:a .. r 1tR.~~~{JQ~~~ .. W1~!§~{il~$l~*~+H. r~N~1l!m:lfi.JI .3l!~ • .. r,*.~.J:lfi.~oJ®~~~I •• ·~.#.a·· r~M+H.:lfiW.~~tm<~.~~•• ~I!l:{ •• ~.tIt*:lfi~_·~_ .:lfi.~E.*~_m~~.:lfiH-<'*.I!l:{"~M~~~~i\*~+H."~~~~~*E+H.«~~:lfir.~ • .JI:lfi.~·«~ ~:lfir~N~ • .JI:lfi.3l!~.oJ~~ •• -<~~.r.K~~rn~~*~{JII •• ~·~= m••• ·~~M~{JII_:lfi~* .+H.~&oJWI~"~+<#~~I.&.·· r•• tm<~.~ •• ~·.~~~W~~~oJ@ .. ~.i#~~ .. i#~~~~~*~" 1~~KI!l:{.~.M.~ •• ~:lfi~. 11~~~+<.$~~."~m~I!l:{~SS.~.~. ~jJ:i. .. ;J;::N~. r~.@J ~~. 0. .... :fl($a~Ulll!l~~ffil1tBl}JHK (L. I.. 0. 4H:<!iI " ~~IJlm:1@g~~J:lfi~~ ,,~~~~~~~. r~lll$l~J ~r<:JnK~~_<1.!r:lfi~3!Wl O(mJI<" •• $l:." I!l:{ •• ~.~l1J~~« Brezhnev) i#.~11+grlli!!+<.HiS:!;:::lfi. rI!l:{.:lfiJ. I!l:{ •• ~~&~.~l1J.~a~~~.,*~*~ •• ~~~:lfi~&·J~m.e~~" •••••. ~".~~&~ ••• ~~"~~.~~.0F-~~:lfi~~mJI<" r~~~~~~·~~I!l:{.~.~.~~:lfi~~~~·~~~. .$tr·1JR(lJE.ri#~~~.... •. ft:lfiiE!.~~"~~i#~*~.$l~.~ •• I~~*:lfi~~•• ~~~oJ®. .~I!l:{ •• ~.~:lfi~~l1J.M~~m.I!l:{*~:lfi~.F-~~~.·~O(.~.~~~.:lfi*~~.*~·~.$.~ 1I1$l~J ~ ••:j(~~~*+H.:lfi~~" ~. Ibid., p.6.. ~. ® iiQmB. G. Gafurovand G. F. Kim, eds., Lenin and National Liberation in The East (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1978), pp.5-6.. r.ll1$I~J :lfi~m!l!!l:~~. ® ~1<~" r~\!Ii4WlPa1ml;ft::J .. (~1<~ti;ll.) (.!SI~) (::i?~" -<n!{ffi~isJ" I ~fl:li<l!t) .. 1m( I fI:Ill 0 @ liEf.J..!" 1m( I fI:Illl- I fI:Ig[" ® K. N. Brutents, Natinal Liberation Rlvolrltions Toda (Mascow: Progress Publishers, 1977), pp.8-9.. • •iiK.

(10) •. J:fli 00.. ~. "'!. 10. ~ ~I!!-R~;m~~~ ~ r~111$l~J mWlif~;t!.-Ntr ~ 1 ~\<E-{41Iil~~-R. " 9;1~~ilJ:fli ' :ffi;; , ~f-.I<~~~W~~~;1g..Lj~~~ ~111:iR-R ~ ~{[J1ffi$l~~:l=K.~IH~-N\<E-~\<E-~rmtE~ " ~Yi~~IIIl~if!l.WW;~;WHt< CN. I. Lebedev) iiifi~l~" ;~~~II~iE~ila .~~~.~.~ • • ~~~.~.~ • • d.~~.~~"'W~~$l~tr~~.m~ • • ~«~"'~~~ •••••~.~~ +<:m~."e. r~111$l~J ~~~:m~;}gIljm:!iI~~~~~.+<~.-R:lfi~~ '" ~~~~.~w: r~\11$l~J .'i\$:m~. '" ~P-:l~~~ 1~ ~.:m«~", • •a~.~:lfiw~«~"~~,,,~~.r-R.~~J:m.~~.'" r~ • • ~.aJ • • • ~~~-R~~:lfir • • ~~J il5!~:lfi 1 ~ " :InK:¥!:lfi r~ijijJ Cmovements) .@J~ .• r • • :l=K~~iU '" n~-$~.ii§U '" ~~ r -<ITl:{~*~~J " ~~W~.~ r:iJr:&l!l$l~J ~~~~~$l:1trllllj(4Jl!!\I!l!ll+<~~lm-R:lfi~ • • W~~~1t<~~ CR. Ulyanovsky) ~$TI~{[!*I~". Q. J. @. rITl:{• • ~~a~le~~~~~.~~.~:m.e"~~.~w~~-<• • • ~~~ • • • «~,,,~~··..Ljm.~ $l~~;}ga.~.-R*."'tE~*.~ • • ~ • • ~~~o.~Iif.H-< • • ~ • • ~-<ITl:{~ • • ~ • •:ma*·llllj(4Jl!!.+<. :lfil~.. ~lPIlI-N '" W~ , lmlPi-R:lfi.-R~llill<tr '" ~.~rm.~l!1:lfi~~~ r:iJr:&lll$l~J .~~t«lm-R:lfi!:~ '" .~:lfi~~(ffl-.~~~~~11.. ~~.~.mKlm~Ir.i!t':m~~o. . Q. '". ••. r:iJr:&ll1$l~J iilii\~.~~jlfl£~~ '" ~.W~;lE~.~+<:lfi~~\ii'~~~~.~lME:m~~~~ '" ~~mW~.~jlfl£.[!g~ft([Jj$~~ :lfi1E~ ~~ r~£;111$l~J -$I\ii'.4a*~.:m~~.4a '" ~~ 1.~." ® rrg:~~ '" ~.-$I~.l4f\ r:iJr:&1I1$l~J ~~:lfi~~~ 1E~"'~\ii' • •*~ ~~*~aB~~.~ • • ~:lfift(."~.~~*~~~~~:lfim~\I!l!ll~",.jlfl£~l~ • • :lfi~." • f~.~;;;:.~.~~~~~ (Ivan Kovalenko) :lfi~iil;ii"' ~~~~~• • ~*1t{• • ~H~~#:!l!.:lfitm¢-Nl-R+l-R~..Lj " :InK tr"' ~~~lEm~#:!l!~tm¢-NK+~:lfi~im!- '" tm¢-N~+~:lfi~~~~J~m~ '" tm¢-Nl-R+~~ '" tm¢-Nl-R+EJ::lfi.~ '" ~~111¢:-N 11:lfi~$!~~4a~.~" ®~.:lfirmll!~ 1~~~~{il~~~~~:m~jlfl£.ilm~{il:lfi~~~.·~nR 1~~I$!~~~~~~~lm~. .,. LL. ~. .• _ .._ . . . . . , , . @ N. I. Lebedev. A New Stage in International Relatins Relations (Oxford: Pergamon Press. 1978). p.149.. @ P. Ulyanovsky, "Urgent Problems 6f the National Liberation Movement," in National Liberation Movement Movement: Current. Problems (Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House), p.15. ® U. S. House of Representatives, Committee on Foreign Affairs The Soviet Union in the Thira World. 1980-85: An Imperial Burden or Political Asset? (Washington D. C: U. S. Govermment Printing office. 1985), p.8. ® 1.1. Koralenko. "Cooperation. not Confrontation) Key to Asian Security," For Eastern Allahrs (Moscow) (Jly-September 1986):. H~.~:lfi=~"'~~~~~~~~,~.~~~~~~~~~o. ~~ ~ ~~;:£'H~~~ r:HIRlll$l~J :lfi~~~:t:! .. B~IiYi:lfi~*~~\IH!ll!:m\JijtJ." iil!!liSiillifliil '" ~1r*,>lnn>~1mL.

(11) U1.1"'U'-''1~AJ.. v "'f)'""U,," ... "'...,." ..... ,1,,1.... 01 ........ ....-.&""" .............................. _ .. """"".................,.,............. ---"•• J. Problems (Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House), p.15.. ' 9 ..... or Political Asset? (Washington D. C: U. S. Govermment Printing office, 1985), p.8.. ® u. S. House of Representatives. Committee on Foreign Affairs The Soviet Union in the Thira World, 1980·85: An Imperial Burden. 0. ~~~~ ~ ~~~~$1~..Lj;1t~1l!B1lIill:\~~~. ~~:ffi~~.~~mWw.~~15l.m1' 1m:~g:, t\l<1$'~' lIDK1l1.~'. ~~tr~~~ ~ <tim~;lj!g~fg[~~~~~i¢llii~ ~ tl~H;;i1J~!!E~~.Wl!~~JEjl:!;::~. 0. ® 1. I. Koralenko, "Cooperation, not Confrontation: :Key to Asian Security," Far Eastern Affahrs (Moscow) (Jly·September 1986):. 0. Crimlands strategy). ~JEjl. ~~~~:t:l ~ iii{~~1>~~~~$1l!B1l1ill:\1~.. H~~~~~~~~~~~~$~~'~~~~~~~~~~~O. ~~ ~ ~~~~~!lI r~lll ~ Ilt\~ 1 ~ r~~~flE:~~J. ~itlt:*U~~.~ ~ ~:t:l~ r~111. rmll. ~~~.~~~*~E.~iii{~~.~ffi~~~~o~~~MWWl!~~~.~~.~~-~l~ • • ~• • • ·~~Efg[~~. lIl!&~~o. "' ,~. $''tit ~ ~ ~.. 0. r~l\l$1~J OO~. '". ~.a:e~~~iP~~. ~~ r~111$1!!ltJ ~~;;m:j(~*;mjlill:\§~~ - elllK!m~~~ - :plHlllmKtr:f:K~~ - ~~~~~~~~JlIllt~{iJtli\~ 1 ~JEjl~~-lZ<{~ .rm.o~Iill:\:ffi~~~~;;.~ • • ~~.§~R.~g ~~a~.~.~Mr~~.~ • • J~c.-i1J.~d~.~~.~~~~-~«*~~§~~~o. It!IIl~t!J;£!1l!!li~.Jl!l; • • :l;:d~§rK:{4I - e~~~~§~~!t~mWc~~jm(J(-W1 ~ (~ 1 ~~O.(tj-~~~ - r~111$1~J ~~ -~~*§~.r~.~~ • • •J -.~~ • •~lMr~Efi • • ~*J ~IEO) o~~ • •Ilt\§• • ~~ - r~lll$1~J -K~~~~ • • ~~.llt\tr§ r1m:~J ~~ - ~~Iill:\4*lm.<~:@~~{[!;~l!! - imr~~~§Ilf.{~~~~@ ~ • • •lllK.fi• • • @~o~~-~.~~'~fi,.~~.'~~ • • '~~a~.~.-~M~.~§' r~~J 0. .~.. r.~J ~~~ 1 riii{~J rm~~®:~n«~~r& .. e • • -~~~MOO.~r~ • •~.~~J§~~Q. 0. 0. 0. ~1111nN '" ~~;;~~o(~tr>{:i1I;{lJ:§:t:-lZ<{~ilSE - r:tl*111$1~J .~~~~~ltl:!R~iW:§~M. ®. ~*g;;*~~.~-R§~." ~lflE{ll~}gJ~.~W..~ r~111. 0. , fg[~~§!i£;aNtr 9~~=itl1.~tr.. Q. .~ r~1l1$1~J §++1~ '" ~~§~~~~~~ lmK~~§~ml*~\lnO(mW 1 r~111$1~J '" ~~<irH<)I~~=itl1.~tW(~!'lITK~m( ~t!J;*IlE:tr>{:i1I;.~tr.~:@ • • {[IT~ - e~lIllfio( ~~~it!.~~.t~:§it'i~\~w.~~~~~li(1" '" ~~:~i.1i\)l)l~1$!nn.. Q. i\~~g;;cJg%..Lj§tr>{:i1I; - r:W~111$1~J i1J~~~~~:fim:~E~§~. -. ~:RM~.~'i§! - ~;\iIIH~{[!~#~~$1~~I$1it!.~.l!!!t~~n. pp. (63-372.. 11. @ .atiii$!; rUill!.iIJ.Ul!~j$lfuJ :&l.J:::I~ .. ~m:; Rebert H.Donaldson,"The Second World The Third Warld, And The New International Economic Order" in Robert H. Donaldson. ed .• The Soviet Union in Jhe Third World: Successes and Failures (Boulder: Westvie~ Press, 1981),. ~~iii{ r~111$1~J §~ml*~~ .

(12) J. •. f€il \l!.r ~. :Bi~!I~~~lg~~I<-H- ~ ffitHW~~t'-n(:Bifil:t:t. ffiE:B ~. 0. "'. 0. 1 11. Ml\rm~&=;;~-:!:l ~ f~H~:Bi~~.Wil~~~ ~ $:;::Hil:Bi.~~~~+B. ~~m~im!~~Qq~f'-.~~amr-R1#:j(~~~~fim:(~-H-$i~:Bi$:'i!.J. 0. ~~1# r~lll$l~J. .'.lmfll~ ~ ~~amr.H-~~amr.~. :Bi~~~~~~~~~~,~ru~~.~~o.~~~~W~W~:Bi~~~~~~~~m~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. r~111laJ. ~~~~~~~1#~~:Bi~*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:Bi+B~H~o. 1#*-1«. ~ ~~ r~lll$l~J ~~~f'-.~~~~~~:Bi:t:l111a-< ~ $i~~~~~fgI~:Bil!ll?i&=;;M-$:'i!.J. Q~rnW~~~s;gamr.H~~~~~~~~11!. ~~~~~~~m~~~1#~~~$~~~~~.~~~~~~~~:Bi~~'~~~~~~~~~f'-.~~o~~~~~~~amr~. -R~~~~~~o~~~~~~lmfll~~~~~amr.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o~~~*~~~:j(r:t:~. 0. 0. -<J:Bi~~rm.~~~~~~.Mo.S~~-.~~~~~~~f€il~~e~~~.~amr.~~-~~~~~•• ~~~u •• ~~~~~R~aE~.~~~~.~.~.~~~.o~.:Bi.~*-~.~~~.~~~••~~-~~.~~ ••« •• ~~$I5~·~~~f€ila~~.1#-H-liE~<-:!j~ - l1m!l~~~~~ftilH!!~ .~~s;gamr~~:!Klif,f~Srt~~*$~~6I~E$!.~ o • • ~$~~~llil@ ~ ~~~?tl;::!K~f'-.{il1#:;l;f 1 ~~:!#~\l!B11~.~~~:l::i~~.-R.~ ~6IITf! 1 ~KH:P1:l-~~.~~~1i ~ ~~l-1l1.~:Bi ~£6IITf!-~•• 1#~$!liE~~~~~~~~:l::i~.~l~~~~~~\l!B11~~.o® ~~amr.H-~~~n!li*=:ga\~~ - ~:\t!!{{il~£f'-.E1*~+<~:t:~ r~llJ$l~J ~~~~ •• ~!l$~ - ~~f'-.{il 1 $m(.ms~if:<~!!l{ •• ~ •• D.o.~~~.~ •• Ml\~~:j(~.~.~~~~Qru~~~,~S~:j(~~*.~~••:Bi~.*=~.~.~~. 0. ~.~rul$K~:ifll'<+H~~~~{n!1- .~$i~~~~ml-!£:. Q. I $!~~~-H:{~~ 1#~. (ocfue~~ure~.~. ~~~.o-H-~~~~.1#~.:Bi=amr-.~~~I5~~~~~I~.~ •• o~~~~~~~~m~.*=.amr-~rnW~~~~ ~~e:!K:ffn!N!!!~. 0. ~~~s;gamr.H~~~~~~~~~.~~~U-R~~~-«.~~.~~.~~r•• ~~J ~f~~tm:~~~l11$l~~.rm.:m'H-l.~~1i>. r.~~J~~~~~~~.~~.~.~~.~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ••~~~-$.~I~~~~.~.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ® Roger F. Pajak, "The Effectiveness of Soviet Arms Aid Diplomacy in the Third World," in Donaldson, The Soviet Union in The Third World pp.397-398. Zalmay Khalilzad. "Moscow's Afghan War," Problems of Communism 3S (Jan-Feb 1986): 13-14. ~. Ii>. o r.!tlI:Il,t!;~J ~:it\m:;*~lIII~ I~~~!lI:{~~~H~ ~ ZSSF,:UK_:m_~ I ~IE~*.~~~ 0 ~1iI• • ~ rA:Il,t!;~J ~~m:; ... lIIi~ Roy Godson and Richard. H. Shultz, "Actwe Measures in Soviet Strategy, It in Robbin F. Lavid and Erik P. Hoffmann, ed., Soviet Foreign Policy in 0, C/ultJllitJll World (New York: Aldinc Publishing Company, 1986). pp.207-~IS·. 0. "'I-<.tJ...", .,,, _ _ _ _ ...... .. ~.I!l~fM ~'~aJ~-fI<~~~. 1_1I~~£H!:!!U.~Il!:!f:l• •~ I ~#:• •~ ~-NfulEIUi:!f:l rli~J (glasnost)~. ~ ~ 0. ~**··t-~~~~i\~~mj.H~:!f:l~~ tR:j(mjI(~ruiiiK-fI<~ijaJ~ - il~HI.~:tt-~iiIt-!z!fdKJl.l~lmrI.

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(15) ~. @ @. Ibid•• p.3. Ibid., p.4. Ibid•• p.2.. "" ....... '-"'-T"-m~~1. '. ~"i."'~I:!!!'l""" - .::::;J.~~""illl1f <> ~~~-'-j~ll!t-i§II.. @ Marx and Engels, Manifesto of The Communist Party (Moscow: Progress PUblisbers. 1971). p.67.. 0. .. 0. 0. ~~.~~~~~~~* .,:l!{~ f:IiIR1l1$1m;J ~:ij(.JI[~ ~ • • teH~!ntl~~~~.lII.o ,DR 1~IS .. -m~:Ot\NI1!l~:i?;h,,;m~ ... ~ ~~.~.*~:!fi • • *~ :l!{.~~••••M.$.~~~~~~~o~~.*.~~.~*~.:l!{••••~.o~~< O.l!t~-H-~" ~.:fK.-H-«~4I(ili\{il:!fi r:IiIR1l1$1~J .iIBE .. ~tl;!<4~:!fitrJ~ @ €.~.wi*~~~;J:H:::1~~ilE!.+t!~~~ .. :\l!::~If¥.~:!filll:j:](-H-« r~~JfnJ ram!fffill$(~~r#\< (Karen Brutents) .. {;tl. <O.l!t~mr~m:s~:ifi I *~t<llmI--H-" +tl~~~~~{il~m~~" ~I~.~. r~~J .. ~.HtRm-S:!fi r:IiIR111$1~J n;~ ...~li\mJj( ~fe~.~ilH!Il)f!jl(:l;tl:!fi~~ ~~r#\<~~" :JnK-H-*H-~~~mJj(~*1t1~~€ .. ~.HtmJj(~~.:!fi~*~~" fiR 1@~1li~111$1~,*, :j:](t~~~\lffill)f!jl(~~:ifi~.~~!jii~mj!{~?t~+l< ( Aleksandr Yakovlev ) ~'tl::{$n.~~~ r $1~ttljf(r;oc-~~~~$~~ J ( Institute of the World Economy and International Relations, IMEMO) ~ll$( .. .w 1 ~<J.I:l.l!t~~E!l\iYK+l<~':w~~:j:](-H «r~l!E!fffiJ!fffill$(,,~?t~+l<mj!{~~:!fi+tl)f!jl(.~o~~~~• •~:j:](r~~J~ • •:!fi.~H~"~?t~+l<+tl~~~r~• • ~ J (multipol strategy) ... +<~~OC-)g[~ , ~~~~~ .. ~~:lIlK~i:l.:l-Y~~~:!fi~~" 1~~~ .. ~?t~+l<oc-~~rffi<!lrrI1t1 ~~.~@!li\:jlfi~I\+l<ilr~:ifi .. lE~ r W~J .~:i!f::l;tl:!fi r:IiIR111$1mtJ • • " ::!fliii .. ~~OC-itm~\lffill)f!jl(:!fin;~*~ .. ~~~@~iin~ ~ • • ~.mr~1P<:\l!:::!fi~i!!"® ~8JiK+l<:!fi.iIBE" Ili~~t)~~?t~il<oc-~$jnr#\<~+tl~~~ " .w~ 1 ~< K.l!tll m:::~:j:](ll+-\lffi!!+<.fml-~:!fi r.liJ -H-" ~jL~ 1~~~ .. r*~mK~~~~~~~:!fi~~llil~" flii~lS~~~:gI]$R~*1t1:M~~~lllii:!fi~«(mr~ .. mJj(~~\trl4!l. ~:!fi~~~.o.~~.~W~~{;tl.• • OC-*"~~E~*~~~~~~ • • • • ~~:!fi:j:](m~~Q.~~.~~~~~~. 0. J (I. ~~~~*l@\I+tl~~~OC-.~~.N~m~~{;I<~:!fi*,lim1 ... ~{rn~~~E~~jL~.~:Bi~~" ~liiiOC-~~:!fi.~~~~... ~ 1iit~~~{il~:!fi~1:::1. Fuku Yama, "Patterns of Soviet Third World Polay." p.S.. lJ.l:l. .w*~~ rWl!iIlU ~~"8l?~" r~1l1$1~J :!fi~lllii-H-E~Ili~llJ~~~~jL~lil+<~" 8~ll;!J(;:-:l$;~ .... ~*• •:\!t;~* .. ~~:l:~H~~~:ifi~~" m~:gn~~.w~)g[~:!fi!ll+J-Y" {at:,bEmKlll~~*~~ (.g6I~' $:.~-jn:!' ~:nnmltoc-~~f3l~) '''@*~-Y J(;:-~~ .. ~.Ht~~J(;:-~:!fin;~o~~~~~!fffi~~~~:!fi~~".~~~:ifi~~".~~~~:!fi~~·"~~~lm .. ~~~~~ $~~~.~.~(~6I~'~~' • • '$~~~.~~)·-@*~-Y~~~S ... ~.wlll~mN~~jL":JnK.)g[~~.~.. @. FRIS, 28 Ocober 1985, p.2S.. ® Ibid., pp. 5-7.. *. ~.ili\ r~111$1~J :!fi~mll!E~ijij.

(16) ~. ~. ~.oo.. ~. •• ~(&~~~'ru~.~) I'. 0*. ~ . . 'S~~\*,~. tf!. ~.~..y:tfi¢1~ ~ ~tI>W r:l!tP::ill$l~J :tfi~!IlI*i\~I1J~~lg~~. q. C>. 0. lK. ••••••. ~iI'W:l!tP::ll1$l~:tfi~mj*'f+llfi ~ 'f+l!l\~<I;i~~mj*i\~:£~Ii£lE~~~H~ #l.:!i~~fEIl1\~!t::tfimlk! ~ ~tI>iii\~ rtllgl)jlt,!llf!I.J (sema ntics):£.~o~M.:£r.l)jIt,!llf!I.J.~~<*.~~I • • ~:£ • • • ~~~~.~¢1$~.~*.~.:tfi • •~~:£&C om• • l)jIt,!llf!I.:£E.·~~ • • ~• • • :£.~~.·~~~~~ • • ~.~• • •~.~~. ·~lE.m.~~.:£~ • • •. 0. @ ~!t:!i. o'. 1 .~ ~ .tI>~>lE{~=f«~ ~ ~ r!!l:{~+H.J ~iW.··. 0. 0. :tfi~.o~lE·W~M.<:£~.~~~~.~.~*~~~lE~• • I:£o~~~:tfi*• • • ·m~ oe#l..tI> • r:l!tP::ll1$l~J ~mj*llis~.:tfi+Hlfi~· ~~~~I!;:ffi;~$l~~~*~:£{~~ ~ e~tllll!i:£ • •.'iit~~I!;:£.~ ~ ~~;f!tIR~:£IlU. ~ \L-~~~~!lllt 1 :¥tll~.~mj*tot:~:£'f+llfi • ~.g\.iI'~:tK:tfi:j:~\ll!!!!m X r!!l:{~+H.J (nationalism) .. ~M.<*~..y~~~~~.:£ii£~*¢1~!!I:{~+H.)I!~I$.-tJ ~-¥1 ~ i\~~!W ' ~* • ~~~*:tfi~It:ltlEillll1· r!!l:{~Iif~J (nationstate) ~~~ 1 :j:iW]tg~~~· ~fl<:\~. 1 :j:~~.~~ii.\L-:tfiM. () fI~ ~• • • :£.~&~~!!I:{~~.~:£m~.~ • • ~~~«~~lE~~:£~~$l~H< • •:£~iio • • ~~.,~.< • • ~ ~l~fg:£I!W-R.~~!!I:{~+H.. rftliI(M~~~~ftIiI(M~~~~!!I:{~l!fg,lfi • •:£l~fg~.~~. c !!I:{~+H.~!!I:{~~.1¢W~ltHKN~ • ~~~~~~. ~..y:£II$~• • ~:£~m~~o~~·!!I:{~~~~.lI$~~:tfi~~~~~~:£~~~*~~·.~~~.~~~:£~. llis¢1~o~~+H.~~~!!I:{~ • • ~!!I:{~~.~:£.~~.~*o..y~:£.~~~~~.W.~.~·~~~l!!1:{ • • ~. !!I:{~IIIi$;:£~ti..y~~~~~o. ~~~~~~~~~~+H.*~~H<• • :£~~I)jIt,!~··~~~~~.~H<.~~~~~~~:£.~oeW!!I:{ • • ~ @. ~.:£~l:j:iW~~h~~~~!!I:{:£~~+H.~~~~*~.!!I:{~~~~~:£~~·~~~*i\~*Iif+H.·~~~>lE~W. () J. Alvin Z. Rubinstein. "The Soviet Unior and The Third Warld." in Stephen F. Cohen, Alexander Robinowitch, and Robert Shbrlet, eds.• The Soviet Union Since Stalin (Bloomington Indiana University Press, 1980), p.329.. Peter S. H. Tang. "Moscow and Peki ng: The Onestion of War ana Peace," O,bis 5 (Spring 1961):15-16.. ~~':::l~~~:£.W. *. e. @ Stanley Rothman and George W. Breslwer, SOrJiet Politcs & Society (St Paul, Minnesota: Wert Publishing-Co.• 1988) p.130.. @ Putrin Political Te,ms, p.49.. 0. ':Y~':m~1W ~ Bf.~*.~#:.i\~UI:?~+H.~:\t:£IP{\I!Bll~~ \§W~5~~ ~ ~~~ItI.~~$~~<tJ:£Im¢1~hcl+.. Q. !El:!i~r.i::.~~. ~"~~~.tiffii\!!I:{~gglfi~~lliElI\ljIllIm .. 1~!§~:ffi;~ftI.UI:?~~I!W~~ •.• rJR 1~~illi~{i1J!;~.~Jt.@! ~.~.:tfiH~~~~\ll!!!!~.~, • • ,~tJ~~~~rftliI(MJ.

(17) .,.,.,.. ............. I'/n. ~. W '"'l....L.oI.~-'\. EEl. -' ~. ® Alvin Z. Rubinstein. "The Soviet Unior and The Third Warld," in Stephen F. Cohen, Alexander Robinowitcb, and Robert Sbbrlet, eds., The S(}IJ;et Union Since StaUn (Bloomington Indiana University Press, 1980), p.329. Peter S. H. Tang, "Moscow and Peki ng: The Onestion of War ana Peace," Orbis 5 (Spring 1961):15-16.. $. @ Stanley Rothman and George W. Breslwer, Soviet Polites & Society (St Paul, Minnesota: Wert Publishing-Co., 1988) p.130. @ Putrin Political Terms, p.49.. r~~~J. 0. ••. Q. @. 0. Q. h. (modernigation) .. f\l~~ r:ll*lll$l~J ~iJlllgl:~~~ r~~~J ~~ ~ ,~~~~~~~*-dtr\:l!i~U~l:!~~it!.~. 0. :...!..J~f:!ii~-tW ~ 8i\l!i~*~I'->#:.tIi\~t.!1{~111.~~:m1l(1\IBl!i!Hl!~ \§#l• •~tK: ~ -m~~.~-<~$4tlti-< 0 :m1m*t-NJi:I+ !El::g~~*~iit ~ ~$~~-<~liifiiii\n!:{~mgl!i~.llif~11!II(I;;1;l1 .. I ~ta~:ffi\~tI~n!:{~~lfHl!!W:&i~.·~ OR I -tqta=~{iJ~~~~.W! iE:.+H.:§HrmK~~~1!lJ!tl~~~'!Im1-J$.,-<n~iX~:§rf\1iI(*£J " ~~~*~'* ~ ~ll:g~~~:§~~ ~ *~~:flC{~.g~~n!:{~/~.~iE:.+H.:§lE~*,,\lm! ~ ~~~jf::lt!:§~ 1 fl~H';;~mJl!!!!H~ffii a- 1~1~.W~ • • ~.~m ~.~~~~M~~.~I'->*~~m~5.n!:{.:§~~·~MI'->.~~~~.~~.~~ _i;~r<r~~:§iE:.+tI.it!. ~.~ 1 njU'Jfi~~~4;(J • ~~~nrl*~~a. ~~jgji~~ r$Rl11$l~J ~~i~H.~~~:§~W o ~f\l~lEllli!I - l!:{~~/~.lIm~~~~~=r~~-1:::l • g&$l:ffi\*!~Ii.fEi:ija~itIE " lEla .. f\1iI(*+HlSa(~it'tl{r{il~$Z r~111$lmtJ ~~~~~~lE~oR~~m·.~~.~~.:§~~~~~~ • • ~~r<·~a.~+H.~.*~~+HIS~~~o~~.~ @mlEl1111I-N· ~~~rm~~4:t1~~.~~~~l5I~H~*~~-N~· ~~I a(-/l!!!iE:~+HIS-h~~:tK r:tltRl11$l~J ~[(~~~~tIIl. n. ~~ • • $l~~l${V!I~~11n!:{~;mf~IP*W::$!:;n~p.~~/#Jl1-J:l1.tt~. Q. .. •••. ... ••. __. 0. Q. 0. ~~~ im(SE...t.j· ~~~lE~!E; r~~J (progress) :§~~. *~~~~:§~~~ <> 1$f*IP~mJ.~~a ~ .~w. I ~ I ~.1lf - *Im! lll!iI$l~...t.j~+<~~~~~" iB~.lKr{il~iE:.~~~~~ ~ lE~~~~H<:§W~.~" r$Rlll$l~J ~~*llm~~-:l;:1)i? .ll:g~IP~~~~J$. • • ·~~~w..e~.~ ~~~~~~ ~~-~~ ~rm~Q® ~~~IP:§.~~4;(·~~~~~l • • ~.~~.o * • • • • ~·~iB~*~~• • ~·W*$lW~~-h~~ • • W:.~H."~1~1<.~1~111.~~ • • • • ~~~~.:§r.R:flC#Jl1+HISJ .~~.~~~~~~~.~~*.~M a:tltR 1f1<$l~+<.~.!I~[tK:.lE~~l!m~~.;r&!1S" 111.:§ r.R:flC#Jl1+HISJ ~~. ~ • • ~~~\t>~tm~l':~~~ I ~11 1~g[~ ~ ~*.:WJ~~t.:liiJni!!?~~~ •• ~r r~~~~~J ~ ~tIIl~.llm~~~~~.~~-¥i. 1 ml~gM~ 1 rm~ • ~1P~ 11~~~t.:~.~:§H~ <> ~ I ~J I <.~~ ~~~llliE$R 1$H-F=l.iitii ~ ~.:t;;:~~ta~lrl~ ~ ~m~~:§H.~~~ W$llm 1I-f1,{...t.j· ~ I ~f$a rll~:paHU :§~.~~ ~ :t:±1r+<.~~.;W~~l!!!" !I¢l~. W-fI,{_* 1 ~H=l111."*$lR" ~~~~~~. I~. @ Ott Pick ( "Inlroduction: Political and Ideologica Aspects," in E J. Feuchtwanger and Peter Nailor. eds.• The Soviet Un!on and The Third Word (New York: St Martin's Press, 1981). p.5.. Frederick C. Barghoarn, Soviet Foreign Propaganpa (Princeton N:>w Jersey: Princeton UniverilY Press, 1964), p.162.. Ibid., p. 166.. 1$. @. ® Pick. "Introduction: Political and Ideological Aspects, .. p.9.. ~~iiR r~\ll$l~J :§~mJ*$iiiii .

(18) ~. l€W. 00.. ~:!£i.~~~~ l.lE~~~~:l?iH~~~"J!IIl!.~~~$!H=1.!!t~:j(~*~if~(--.~"Wil~:!£i~J!!S!~1I¢(o~KO.!!t~*~"' • •. o$. l1J~~~I'h*~ft.~·R~ ~ml~~t({!J-j~wg?!t!ir:!£i:!R1) 0 @ ~(--.~${ r~111$l~J ~~~... ~~ ~ lEJ.~~J!!S!H~~lE:t:~:!£iite!.j>a\-4E r~I!U ~ ~fIi~m!*~~~ ~ lJ(1m\~;.m:!lJl~~~~. $~~~ • • ~:!£i • • ~~~~~.~ • • :!£i.fi~.~.~~~.:!£i • • • •. 0. 0. ill r ~~ J (Peace) .. i#~fIi:!£i~~~m!l!!l:tr ~ r ~~ J mW 1$!~~~~I:!E:!£i+H1t :J:KfMi!~-< 1~:qa~:!£i~'W ~ *~I.t r ~~ J !l!!m$!~4rq c HEIilffi r~~~lE~lIiJ (struggle for peace) 1~ ~ ~*:!£i~mWlHlt~+tl.IHkl\:~:!£ifMi!~ ~.~mlHlt~fijg (Zbigniew K. Brzezinski) :!£i~#1" ~:J:KEl*JJm!-<lliite!.tE-~~${~.~~ite!.+tl • ., 1E~,*,lJ($!~fMi!~~I:!E*~Ji;:;li 1rtJiM. ~~~.~~:!£i~~oW:;li~~~"~~*~~~~"':J:KW~~if~~~$!~~~~~l~"'lEJ.~~~tE-~~.~~~:!£irtJiMr. "' ~$! "'. m:t*~~~~(--. •• ~~~mll!!l:~. r nlll%NtJ .., ~*+tl.~~~{<tJ~l/,f:i~\Ui~,*,:Kiite!.~~. 0. .~JEl*~~o~~I~~",~~*:q*:!£i~:J:K~~~~JJm!"'a~tE-.~~~:!£illi,*,~.fIi:J:KfMi!+tl.:!£i~~$!~#1.~:!£ic~~. ~~(--.~$l-<~~:Ki{[!~<.J~~. lJ(~~~*+H.~~~-<~~~.~~«~*:!£il~c~. ~(--..~'~«~*:!£i~~"' ~fIi:!£i 1*!m~ • • ~~tlm"' ~~lliffi! r~~$+<.J (Congress of Soviets) ~~:!£i r~* (Decree on Peace) "' ~~~• • ~~~ 1 ~!m~ • • -P<iJ:" )1~l!!!!-P<iJ:.\l!!!ll:!£i~mWa~~:l;l$~,*,l!lK~~:!£i\l!!!llltill;gglt c. ~~ J. ~.~~~~"' r~~~~J~~~"'~~~~~:!£i~~$:J:K~~~~"'~l1J.~~(--.~~~$l~-<~"'~~~~+tl.~~~~ Q. 0. ••. .,. ~.~ml*~~~"' mj-W+m::~~ffZgg", ~~liiiS*l~". Popov, A Study of Soviet Foreign Polic" pp.12-13 •. r~~$!~. ~~~~f:: • • :!£i'~~m(+<l:P ® ~~ r~111$l~J ~~"' ~.:!£i~ml*~{[!nJ~.~'**:!£i~I"Hl~ 0 l!!llltl!!I:W9~~ • • $:!£i*~"' • • ~sr. r~~:J:K{ri:J :!£i.~ "' • • ~'*tE-~~ • • ~E~:!£i~~o~~.I~~~r~*:J:K{ri:J~tE-M*~~M.*.lIi,*,:!£i.~o • • W~*~S~E~ ~~~~~:!£i~~~~I!~ ~ 1E11I1n "' l:P~~~*E+tl. (~*+tl.~.:!£i~ 1~~) :ffi~lIi"' ~.~ rP-:4~J :!£i~,*,"' ~. tE-~~~fIi~~r~*J:!il$1':~o r~J(t- J ~~m>:!£i~ 1$!~.tilf:l:!E~mll!!\1:~~mW r~amtJ. mK. @ Vadim Medish. The Soviet Union (Englewood Chffs. New Jersey: PrenticeiHalJ. Inc•• 1985). pp.141-142. Barghoorn. Soviet Foreign Propaganda, pp.174-175. Ibid., pp.80-81. ~. $. @. 121 Ibid., pp.82-83.. 0. 0. 0. • #l.~lr~"; Wit!,.1flI$it1.-a-"' $!~~~'iIlt>{ri:W:!£i "' ~Bm!-:!£i~~~~8?I:;li~~{JI~~ J e ."~~"' -M1l~~111$l~[lr4~~-< . . ~ii~~lIIU~*fMi!~:!£i~~'~. r~Bm!- J :!£i n~~:q~~~?!tW~~,*,~jjj!nt¥:!£i~~·~ l!£:~~~~~-R"' ~~$!:Il1l<lil ~ ~~~ ~~Bm!-:!ilw~~fMi!~I~r~~~J.

(19) Ibid., pp. SO-81.. r•• J :m 0 0. J Qt .. ~~.1l1$1I11%Ii1U~i:--< ~lii'Z$~~~i'itttl~~'f$.~m~o~:millil~·~ mrit~lii'~jgI-R ~ ~~mW:flIK1I[ ~ ili\:j(~. *.__. @ Vadim Medish, The Soviet Union (Englewood Chffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1985), pp.141-142. @ Barghoorn, Soviet Foreign Propaganda, pp. 174-175.. e Popov, A Study of Soviet Foreign Policy, pp.12-13•. Ili!) Ibid .• pp.82-83. ~. 0. 1+I.::!ft!~tr~'':ttliti!'''H1.iti!.1I- ~ mW~{U!!.,*,-I¢ttl~ ~ ~.~IIIl.~tilEl~Qt~1J)·H~ (). lJl:{ili\$!;~l!jU~~tl:!il#l:m~!!,.;tMl. • ~~.:m~~~tl:!il~l.r~~~J. 0. :mtiti4l1 (security) .. ~ 1 ~KO-llt~*~~~ ~ rtiti4l1J '* r~ll!titi4I1J :m~~ ~ ~iiw.~~:m~~~m!i!t-J;><~-H-iI~ ~ .~liBlhH~~\!lII!!;!J1 ~ 1~$:~titi4tll!&lWl:lfi-< -H,*~~-<~ ~ ~~*~:lfi~ila ~ ~titi4l1~4N~tt~ • .@l4j1l • • titi4tl·~ 1lfMtl4r-m ~ ~ , W~ , itl. ~ ~Mtl '·;lI~tlmK~~tllP:j(:~m~~I§:lfi1lln@Il\)·~ titi4tl~~~~~~mKl;~:lfi.~ ~ IE~~~ 1I~Ull:\ijijmK~~ ~]!Ik{~;I;l;!1lln@~~. :m~~ntiti4tl~~~~~~mK~~~~~mK~~-H-.~~~~o~~titi4tl~~:lfi~$~~o~$:~~~,~~~itl.~~~titi4tl l!&lWl~~~~:lfi:f!!-IKo$. 1. o~I§~~~li.~~~~ • •~.~-.a.~~.SM~.~ll!titi4tlS.:lfi~.¥.o~.li~. .~.lilE.~.~*~itl.~~:lfi-<~.titi4tl~.~~~~:lfi\!lll!!~o.~~~.:j(1+I.:lfi1lln@.~*~~mKtiti4l1~~~~~ $~~:mr~Etiti4tlJ. 0. ~~n(~ r~~<'Hl~S.J ' r~~$~~J (Arab League) r:ffi:;~~$;-Wi!.J (Organization of African Unity) DJ¥.t 4,a;!J1:Ri @:j(~~ r~~-Wi!.J (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, SEATO) r -H-~S.J (Central Treaty Organization, CENTO) ~1V ~ s:~~~a~ll!titi4tlSJ!li 0 ~~.a{lJ~ ri(~~.~~~~:Ri*.1+I~li~J ~ ~ r/gj~~~ o~. ~~*.~~~itl.1+I~'*lJl:{ • • ~~.:lfiH~oJM~".~-Wi!.:lfiM~'*~ijijr~~~~ • • •J ~ r~ • • • '*~~titi~ :Ri~s:J. :lfi~<f&~" ~~1J~/j;hl~/gj~~~~~~.titi4l1:lfi r.~~~J. (balance of. .~.~~~.mK~:lfi~~M~'*~~.~·*\!lII!!~.Il!S.o~~I.~1l!*4l1 • • :lfiM.~·:j(~ • • ~~• • • • .. :fKt• •~w.J§~~*~~~~. r~~~J ~~$l:1lf ~ s:lii'~)tIl~. ~~~t9UH1-'dJi' ~ S::j(~:ffi:;~.~*WlE-tP{~~~~ijij·~ ~~~. $($lIT:j( r.ll!titi4tlJ. ~~.a.~~~.Il!~4tl~*:lfi~~$~~:lfi~I~.·~~ • •:lfi• • ~S::lfi~~o .li~:\H·..,-m:~1l1~~J. 18 V. Sobakin, Marzism-Lnimism on War and Peace (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1983). p.132. @ M. Dobrosielski, "Peaceful Coexistence and .European Security," International Affairs Moscow, June 1972): 35. @ Quoted in Charles T.lBaroch, The All-European System of Collective Security and Cooperation, Its Dialectical InterPretation (Amer ican Bar Association, 1973), p.35.. r~111$i~J :lfi~mli!t~ijij. I~. @ Ibid., p.36. See also V. Pavlovsky, "Collective Security: The Way to Peoce in Asia," International Affairs (July 7, 1972):24.. iii Ibid.. p. 38•. • liilK.

(20) '". ~·IDl. ~. ~. 0. 0. 0. r~111$l~J :!£i~m!l!l:1X~tr ~. r 4.[l~J. 1.10. 0. 1+lll\~:!£imj!{~$~~~l!iE-f:::}§I:!£i~~. 0. ~~. power )~4('~ ~ +<1Illt-2~.\!l;. ~~:!£i~wll!l:M!1illi ~ ~J\!l!mj!{ 1l!l!~~:!£i~~ .. MlillHll r1<E-~~td-E>Im1<E-.~14I\ilFl!m1+l.t!f!tIl!{rlW J .. r ~1<E-~Wt\t<Im:flct~~~~I!!i~1El-~B<\4tl:!£i~~tl:! J ~JI;*l!f: ~ V~~l!l!$l~fJJ~rm1'--tIf~;\t~M*Im1+l.Im~~~~fx::I.-R1El-~ ~ ~nnK.:!£i.~mj!{·· riIFlm1+l_Wt\fi!{m::!£ir«1I!{rl ~ ~~tr~~~!£~:!£i~mt{ J ~ \E~~!iK-RK~9ml-.Wt\~:!£i~r+. lE: r 4.[l~J (Cooperation) .. W~JI;Wt\. ~~.14I\ • • ~~:!£i.~~_;\t_1'--t.~~.~ • • • • ~.~• • • ~~:!£i9ml-• • *1+l~.~o~ • • • ~~~~mt{trl!m.:!£i. ~$~~~nnK~~~:!£i~~~~"~-f:::Wt\~~Wt\~~~1+l.~~~.~1+l.~~~~1+l.~~~~~Im~~~tr:!£i~.~~~~. ~~~~-2M!~1El-~4tl~.~1El-.~~.MlI\~.~nnK~#~:!£i~~o@ W~~~~-f:::}§I ~ .JI;~~1lt\tr • •:!£i rit!.~~:;\\?$JJ ~ ~.~-f:::B~:ttl.:!£iM1IME 0 lE~it!.+H • • ~:!£i r~111$l~J l!m .~mj!{• • ~~:!£i~I.Wt\.~.~ • • :!£iH.~~~~<+mj!{ • • ~.~:!£imj!{~.~.-~~~-R~.~m_~.~H~~~. ~ft°. ~~mj!{~~~.:!£i • • -~~~~.nnK~~~'~$~~.:!£i"lI\~~o ~.*-~.~m~14I\IDl'~,~~~~ • • ~.~.~1El-.:!£i~.o.~• • • • ·~.m.:!£imj!{~.~~o.~.~. ~~~~.~~~~.:!£i • • ~~.~~.~~WM~~ • • :!£i~~~.~o 1~~.4.[l~~;g • .@J~ •• ~ • ..Lj:!£i:!£iM~·-.~lil~.:!£iH<~~.~~W~~~~~~ • • -f:::}§I~.-K~ fIi\EI~1iI~ ~ ~ • •:a:!£i. 0. e~~V~~~I]~;g.. - ~• • ~~~!!~\HRll:!£i. r~lll$l~J. • • - .~1'--t~~:!£i4.[l~-f:::t;( ". ~:!£iln'~'~ nnK~,J;tlttJll.~lI~.4.[!~~~HE.~!Jg:!£i~-R·- ~1lt\tr§.Wt\~.gllll(~JI;H.~~ ~ ~~.~~~~.~~~:\lt~;jJJ!HiK ~.. It ,. ~~ii~ml~~ei. '*. 0. ~.~~ 1-@:~s:g~.~::t:::':l!~t~~UI~ - *l!l:~ill.~~wl.:!£i1+l. 0 ~1'--tl!l:~:!£i1X{rt~.~~U~~ - r}§I.}§I~~J (face~ r~~~~!9iJ (front organization) :!£i~s:g ~ ~m~lif.~~~.Jgj:~~:!£i\lmll~ 0 *1X~1&l1X{rt ' ~., r. to-face contacts). }§I~}§I~~J ~ r~E':;~~.J g[\s!\~wli!t~. ~ ~~~;~:!IIKW~• • r:li!R1!l$l~J :!£i~mj*liQiktr ~ ~1;~I\!llIH$\"H\~. lml1 ..L1.-lIll'i'r!l;7rh'". Ivan Kovalenko, Soviet Polioy for Asian Peace and Security (Moscow: Progress Publishers 19£,9), p.258.. M. M. Maksimova, USSR and International Economic Cooperation (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1979), p.1S4.. ~. .wM~ I. Ibid•• pp.lSS-lS7.. ..... _. (Telegraphic Agency of the Soviet Union, TASS) ~ ............ ••. $. L--.~. t ;~~~*" .......... _._"". •. · - - . _..... L. ~;;:!£i{rm'~*Il!~it! r~~ite!J 1J.~.~,.

(21) l6~tlS~.\·i;'lU. ~. ~. 11i2i:~*,~J. =Wij-'~"""""'". *. "-,~",,.. "" .~~. .... M.M. Maksimova. USSR and International Economic Cooperation (Moscow: Progress publishers, 1979). p.154.. @ Ivan Kovalenko, Soviet Polioy for Asian Peace and Security (Moscow: Progress publishers 19L9), p.258.. "v( {tt> 1111\. '" Ibid .• pp.155-157.. t 0. ~f&m~~~1l< (Nikalai Palgunov). 0. ~8E:jIlj(~~m~... ~ J ::li~ ~ !w~~-lil(r~WJ. ~f!iiim{an·~~~~ r~~~J (Telegraphic Agency of the Soviet Union, TASS) .J;l:!4Mlt 1 !ml1+H::iIgIl~H~ ~ ~~ I'->+<~Il !m~~m-lil(r r~~~J .l$'H<l4-:\Q'~~.~ 1\t-~ii!?~..ym~~ ~ ~{il4+l~~~m~~~\tl " -!III 1 ~.Jtl-K.tttEllE~ ~ ~ • .\i:l. ri\f~~J ~lllf(ml!IUOO1l< (Sergei A. Losev) ~ ~~~ r -H-«~~\l(iI;Dilll(.J (Contral Auolit Commission) m\l(il;Dilll(" @ .~~~m~~ r~~~J~~~.~~~_~ • • ~m~.ti~~~~R~~.~.-lil(rm«~"-~I-KH::iH::i.ttt~~r~~~ .J;l:!:$!m 1*~:J;::-H-~:a .. r 1i"~~tU 1flP\,*{ilm~~m-lil(r ~. J. iK~OOlm~~I$!!~ ~ ~~~.~;1!;!l~~J:lQ~~~~.1l*m,.:;;q~~ ~ ~tf.K{an~~~m~~~ ~ :a~~-lil(rri~Hlt::". $I\l6ll1IflP\~~f!iii~ti;t!~. r~~~J. ... ~.~:fK-H-«\l(iI;nITI(". r$g,wq;t!J. ~mjt£'*. 1!m I l+l!!!~~:a~. (Novosti, News) " r$g~;t!J *1§I..y~:i#;{an~ ~ .e;J..£lli..ytf.KMi\~:fKm:W:!~. ••m~.:lt\J:lQ~~~~m • •~~.~:a*"~-R • •. ~~~~~~mr!l:?1l*:lt\J:lQ-H-:re~~~ ~ ~~~~!w4;\:1~~.~"~;1!;!iR-R'*i!ffi.e!m::lt!." ~:fK r1nEr~~ld~J (Higher Party School) :a~:R11 * r~mg:Bt+IflP\IlIlJ (Program in Journalism) ~$!!.~-H- .. lmklWl~l$:ft1]!w4;\:1~~r:illK~,*1mE~~Emm~$ o@ J. ~-lil(r-.'*.~r!l:?* • •~~~~• • • ~~~• • ~.~~~m~ D.R~. , +$iF~·. ~~. 1 }DI.~~~<=:;". r$g~~J ~mjt£.l$'.ttt~~~t!lIljffl~\t-H::i!m$. :a~!Jgjfflll1\t-lm[$. 1+~l!!!E.m~~~'*~~~-lil(ro.~~~.*.~~R~.tiH::i+K8~~o~::li~~. r$g~~J~.~.. ~l!m~+l!!!~£lli'*~~~~~ti;t!~*~o r~~~J~~'*K\t-.~.§~ .. .Jtl+.~ • • • «~~~~~o r$g. ~ ~1llf(~.f,&1l< (Lev N. Tolkanov) 1lt~~fll:fK rjr@~{~~J. «~~ .~J4;\:11 o@. ~~~~:a~~H::i+.~~~. 111. ~~ r~111$l~J ~.~~m~Em1E*1l1 ~ iF~'*~;ji,~m*~ .. ]ii':1iIil~11W~*t<tI~" 4;\:1l1;Wl~1§I ~ ~.+<~~11+8~..y~~~ ~ ~~~l-E:-~~lf,lB><:a~ " :jIlj( -H-~\l!II1lJm(:mt$! r-tmmi:i#;J (Asia and Africa Today) (~~8li\lg-J;><:a~) , r -J;><~m\ :It\J:lQJ ( Culturs and Life) (H::i 8lf,lg-J;><) , r~ii!?~J (New Times) (+_li\lg-J;><) , r~$-J;><mf!1. J (Soviet Literature) (+8 If,lg-J;><) n~.J (Soviet Union) (+IJIli\lg-J;><) ~ r~.~{l\J (Soviet Woman) (+g.lf,lg-J;><) "::li~" ~*~:fK~tiIH'~. ® Staar, USSR Foreign Policies Alter Detente, p.76. @ Staal', USSR Foreign Policies After Dtente, pp.7fJ-n.. @ Barghoorn, Soviet Foreign Propaganda, p.208.. ~.~ r~lll:f?J~J :m~mJ.J:lQijij.

(22) 1m( 1* IMr lk. r~111$1~J. ' ,. 1111. if1i~.~+tl:B'i r$1~~~I!!\;!+tl.lit.J (World Marxist Review) ~~ (~gr+~li\igiXW-\I+H:l~Il~H!(~33:~aD ~ ~~~.W~ ~+tl:B'i r~~~~~J (Moscow News) li:~' (~*« ~ fg[~!:k~~~:$fiXgr~f1# ~ WI lmgr+~1i!1MI~ll;:!) ~ ~W.~ :B'iiXitHmll!t-Y ~ $:l!l\Ii!Il!lll.\4lt:¢O () Wf.mw::it1it:::J§: ~ ~~~:B'i r~*,33:~<4liii' J (Progress Publishing House). im. @. ~.mj[(f~:B'i.~~ii!;a ~. .Sim. r~l1!:j:!!~J ~~ ~ !D.~~K+<~li\igiX:B'i33:~.~. 0. -!l!!!:gl!~.~ r~~J. lE. R-!l!!!. R.~~llm<+Wfl_.~.:B'i.~~~S:B'i~ • • ~~~~~~~~~.~iX~.~~gr+~~ • • iX~~<+~~1i!1MI. ~l;:!()®. ti-N ~ (). q,~*~.. :gJlii:~~a!~~~~!lg. 0. 0. W1f-j,'l:f:KIiil5It!H!!!r<$1;e:B'it!!?~. R. :j(1f-~.W~mJ!(<liii.1f-~.it::::B'i r< ll0BPlii!lflIJ (Radio Bayi)~~$:.~~on~~ r$:.~.1MI-Ntl!U (National • j,'lm>{Il!:~tH: r< Il0BP*J •• *~1f-~I~m~. ~rrq~~1f-~.~~*~*~. r~111:j:!!~J :B'i.~~mj*)tg.1f- ~ {;ai~W~~~tK: ~ -m1?S1J1i!~~~~~l:!E~~:B'i?~H~maPlii!lflI· ~t!!?{Il!:~~~Sjm(:\i';!. 0. ~.~W~-MlmaPlii!lflImJ!( 1~ r~-!l!!!~~~~-!l!!!~~J ~W~ () @ ~~~im~l!IjgO~t:!iIIl ] ~111l11~ ~ l~itmJ!(~~ffilgl!¢(~~33: ~ 1lf<! ~ii:~ 1 ~111gr~l:liE$; ®,~~4rm ~ r~~~maPlii!lflIJ (Radio Moscow) ~~~.~ ~ ~Wl ~<H:l~ 1 ~tK: ~ ~!D:!!{tH:K+ grlllffilUm ~ f4-~W!:11lt-Klm<+~iffionit~ ~ ~~~33: ® ~-l:::1~ 1 ~Kgr~:B'i.S r~f4-lliJ(~*,.f$llJ (Radio Peace and Progress) *J§:.l.j~~~i:::1 Rjm(~-y~'itP<w\.~:B'i~~ ~~.D~1.*W.~+H:l • • • ~it:::.im~~33:1lmK+l~it() r~f4-lliJ(~*,maPlii!lflIJ.fg[~ • • 33::B'i&on~.~~~~~ • • :B'i¢O~oS~R • • lii!lflIWI~<I~~33:it·~~~lW• • • ~~.R~ru~&• • • ~~~~ • • lt-~o@. W.m>i\. im~.~~HI1lIj(. @ @. ®. @. ® @. Bmt~!I!!! °ntl~ rIthSIlr~N.J. ..... 1II1-1:l;i.~.~1i!:!!{~~:~mm;-N"5 R~!D~~ I WIlPfIt1IIl R.*;\t~~iii!:ttl~ll1!n~. Q. $I! 1. ~-\:l. Ibid., pp.77-78. Carol R. Saivet and Sylvia Woodly, Soviet-Third World Relctions (Boulder: Westview Press, 1985), p.159. Quoted in Barghoorn, Soviet Foreign Propaganda, p.279. Ibid., :l:i~NI<- ~ r$IKIlINII!mJ (Voice of America) iii(l!!m:;/3I+ll.I!mI~l!l ~ ~p'!U!!!.;a J \l-llltm""K -E-£' 0 mj(Pgilip G. Roeder, Soviet Political DynamlJs: Development of the First Leninist Polity (New York: Harper & Row Publihers, 1988), p.412.. Staar. USSR 'Foreign Polieitls After Detente, pp.74-75•. Voice of Iran) (). •. ~~+J~-\lm·~E~_.~~~~R r$:.~.1MI-N.J$• • ~iii!$:.S.~.~~~I~~~~~o~.

(23) •. r$.S.~N.Y. _~ ___ w. -. ....... _. ••. _. ... _. ......................... Ioi . . . . $.Ili.:m<II'l~. \ . " " " . . , . . . . . .. ,..w.... • •$.-N:!= ... 'l'Y"".,,,Y,a.\OfYY. t;i;!ll~~. .L,£w",';),. I. .£7UJ),. _* .. ~.~ ... 1'.lJ7.. e. ~~~~!hfi!ftl~lmn:al. ., _ 1 ~.lfI. ~~NJ-<-· r~.NilloIJ (Voice of America) lil(~~ISl+! 1"~111I1l·lStlJ!il.-3;! I \l-lIIJmtfK~ii'o lIll1Pgilip G. Roeder, Soviet Political Dynaml:>s: Development of the First I-eninist Polity (New York: Harper &; Row Publihers, 1988), p.412.. ® Ibid.,. ® Quoted in Barghoorn, Soviet Foreign Propaganda, p.279. <!§). ., "MH~. ® Staar, USSR 'Foreign PolJ"c,'e$ After Detente, pp.74-75 •. Bm1-~lIm!. \1\ '. ~.tlt+ 1 m::;~m .. ~1I[-< • •iJ:~-lH~". nlb~II[~-Nl%J $ • • lI!iil!.bfitWr~" ~1!:'f~1 ~.-Rtl;!iii". Ibid., p.75. Ibid., p.72.. 0. 0. Q. 1 Illl. 0. ••. i\:fl(-M!i!~-<.Jm1111II" n~ 1 ~~J rE:-3!lmJ1<~Un-J..y:!fi$;~ .. illf~~mW 11Jl~.~~ ., ~~.:!fi.ili.HlfI\I" :j:j(~:!firm.mWl\~lI ' ~ *~'lili&$:ffi\:fl('?Ha-<+l " ~mJ~~:ffi\:fl(~ ... ~~~~~:fl(tI9U!-RIll*:!fi~.lro!i$" lE!!*k!::lI~:!fi!Il}!(" :J!iIRf~~~!±E.:j(~ImI~:!fi:fl(. ~."=~*~~~~:!fi~~~"~~~~~~~~:!fi.~o~ImI~:fl(.~~~.~~.:!fi~~ .. ~~~~~~rm~~:!fi~~o .~~.~~• • :!fi~.*.~~ .. ~~~~.~.~.Jm~:!fi.~"~.~~~• • • ~-<k!::lM:!fi.~~$;H~o .w.~.~!±E.:!fi;w,.g~ImIIiU§~.-H-" ~\lH!Ill\:!fi!Il}!( r~~~1Et-.WlJ (World Peace Council, WPC ) .. r~~H.m>~J ( World Federation of Trade Unions, WFTU) .. r~~IIl:{+H~[!.tlt~~J (World Federation of Democratic Youth, WFDY) , r!imIiU§IH:11.~J Glnternational Union of Students, IUS) .. ~~ rml:ffi\-<IIl:{!lH$~fiJ (Afro-Asian Peoples' Soliolarity Organization, AAPSO) ~ ml~:l:tl1~fi~~:!fi~.mW~~llm~.Wi~.w. 1 :i{1]:ffi\:fl(ImI~~lro!i .. $->~it\~$ ~-K~~$;rm.~~:!fi~~1J:{~., ~~~1~l!1" r~~H • • ~J J ~<I J.litll .. 4:tltaaJ'l!P~~~~Q:!fi~+ltll!:l=l~~.~ .. $n~ ~~~~~ImI~~~~~:!fi~."l\*H.@~~IIl:{+H@~"~~~~~~~"~~~$~~~-<IIl:{~~l~ .. ~~1J:{~~r~~ ~~~~jt$> ., ~~,Pl:l:tllil~HI!iiHnH!-H-" i1t~mW4El*~IP~ r~111~~J ~m!*:!fi+tlll! () illf~~ .. ~ r~~IIl:{+tl~[!.tlt.~J ~ rllm~8lfrHtl • • J~=:!fil~.WI .. ~~~~r~~~1Et- • • J:!fi.~ .. ~~.r~1Et-'~~~~.J .. ~~.~r*llm+H.:!fi.~J 0$ ~~~~~ • • fi.~~~~~:!fi~18~1ll~~mW~~.~rml~.Ill~~Ill*J:!fi~*():J!iIR~~~W~~I~K~.lit4:tl M~~~~~ •• ~~8.~."ml~ImI~:!fil.~.~.~*()~mW"~• • ~~-<~ml~.~~~ • • ~"~~~:fl(.~ • • fi .. mi\=~\§:ttl:!fi~t!lll¥.t}tl;!jt *{[J111+K81mI~~:!nK~ImI~~.:!fi~* .. ~ 1 ~-\l1l1.tltH:lm::; .. .w.W1~~:l!m~~-¥ (Dacca) ,,~=~ rml~~~4El~ImI~ ".J (International Conference on Securty and Cooperation in Asia) r~~~1Et-.'U rml:ffi\-<IIl:{g$~l!IiJ .w..-H-$.~ • • :!fi«~o~.l\:!fimW"~~.~.-¥ • • • *:!fil~.~M~ .. ~~r~~~.~~.w.~.~~~.Ill~~~ .:!fiMSi: ., J lB1if .. ~~~~ .. {il~.~:!fi.5~~.~ .. fJJW*~~ 1 rml~~1Et-iR-RJ ~~=:!fi:l!m#:ImIIiU§ • •:!fi.1ii' ~. $. ~.i\ r~111~~J :!fi~m!*}tI;!ii.

(24) 1I!lI(. m=l. ~. ~. :IDi\IIl!. ~ ~~~~_~Em<4~~fij:m 1~ll;:ijj~.EJW{ it,~~~~.. G. 0. 0. ~. G. @. 0. 11 g[. ~~~s:gP-=lte:m~*<im~ ~ i#1m~~.~wjl[t)~!Hij~ ~ *.mKtID -J!\1m~~@::m$! ~ {il~~ 1~ rH<~:mJ Im~~wj*~~ ~ ~~ mjI(~l!!m~:m:fl(~~. ~. 1~~;t;f$I(~fJil~ ~ r]!F;lll$!~J llJl~~:fl(~K+$!9ik41i$~:fl(.~. ~~~~1l~l!!m:fl(~-<- ~ ~iiii11 tar -<4J;lRI"' ~:mll$.\1f!~J:K-< i:tl-<_:li!1~:m r]!F;111$!~J :fl(.~.t!- ~ ~~~:fl(M-<_~KKH:l*--< ., !ltIDl$':J:K.~l l+K-< 4J;lRI",~~:J:K.~.~~ • • ~.t!-:J:KE~"~~~~+K-<~RIoa~~~:J:K.w.~:m~~~ • • R~~~@:"~*• • • ~~{ili(~~~~!l2E:m~i#HlI!Ij(. (Patrice. • • ~tID-J!\~ • • ~:m • • *<~.,~.a~ • • ~ • • • G~ • • ~ • • t!-Im.:m*<~.,~lI!Ij(~.~~*~:m~.~·oi:tl .~-J!\~"' • • ~M~ • • *<~~~~l$!~~.~~~~~~~~:li!1~:m~~~~oa~~~llJl:m" • •~~*~~~~~. • • ., :l:~N~.f~~~€:J:K. ~~~~ • ., ~:tKml ' :ffl\ ' ~r$lK~ ••-<aI{~stHJ;l·" i#*~-J!\~" • • :m~illl.llJl~$!i:tl r]!F;111$l~J. ••~~* r]!F;l11$!~J -<+V~.+<~.R:m~$i(~mj1(", 1~KO{ltW~~~~-I:::l:m r~Ittl!iaJ-<aI{~;Ilm+<.J. .:m~ttK~tto$. 0. 0. i# r~-<~~.J (New Humanism) :m tI ~t'-., r ~~~~J (Friendship Society) i#• •~~~0l!l~~.t!-:m4!t~ "'. 0. Lumumba; Peoples ~Friendship University) l1JWlHE+<ffil!l,~~~.JX~~~~~ , ~~ , ~.~~~ .,Jtl:l#~~ • ., $~m:l ~~.<+liH\~+~~:m«~.~ ~. r~~?t~~~U 1~<H:l-*11~:m.M" [l]~~ 1jIl{lll*-~l~~at~,Jtl~~i# r]!F;11j$l ~J~~:mltml+.Im.oa~-<~~~~ • •:m~~ • • ~·~~·~~·~:J:K···~·o@. <>. ma~~.~ow •• .,a~.~~.:m~~.,~~~.~:m·.···Wo~~WK.~~ • • • ~-<~:m • •t!-., • • • • :ID~~" ~~~~~~• •ill• • ,*~ r~r;.!;z$E:l.J :!£i~." ~~~I~~lm.~mF~~~*:m.j~" lBil~33:{ilW~wjl!!f-J!\l§:!£i~ ~o@. @. Saivetz and Woodty. Soriiel-Third World_Relctions, p.162.. FBIS, 11, February 1985. p. R-16.. @ Kovalenko, Soviet Policy for Asian Peace anc Security, pp.271-272.. p",ic:?,' p.295.. @ Barghoorn, Soviel Foreign Propaganda. pp.274-275. @ Staat. USSR Foreign Policies After Detente. p.79. See also. •. " :.London 'Tiul MtIlIillll of Forlllilln. ij3,ii.

(25) •. ... 1. ,'... ':~.. @ Kovalenko, Soviet Policy for A,sian Peace anc Security, pp.271-272.. ® Saivetz and Woodty~Soviet~Third World_Relctions, p.162.. ~ Barghoorn, Soviel Foreign Propaganda, pp.274-275.. ~. Staar, USSR Foreign Policies After Detente, p.79. Soc also FBIS, 11. February 1985. p.R·16. ... London 'The Maling 0/ Fqr,ign pf}IicJ, ' p.29S.. $'~. ... 0. ,,,:'.:.. .w.m!l~it! • .g.. ~ :;:HmllgE:!:=~~~~i*:mHtmj( ~ ~:Jl\:;~;;:m1H$~ ~ ~;1t~.~lPil]E. ~ :Jl\:;#:m!l~ ~ :j:~I${~~l1R 1 ~~~Ilm:m:1llK m!l ~ -:$l~D~~m::W~~1ll ~ .:WI{lJ~ ril*111:1=1asJ :m~i*rm~ l;!1~*-P<:m$~~Q'ti.g.. ~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~ ril*111:1=1asJ 1ilX~ ~mllgE~~1tI? ~ liRlPi~m:j( ~~~~~~ii. ... 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. il*1 r~.:m~.~~~.~.~ • • ~~lgE~.:m~.~I${~lgE• • :m.m::~~*.I${ffi~~~~~~~~~#:.:m.W • • ~~."mI${ • • ~$.~~ ~~$.~:ml.:j:~~:Jl\:;#::I=1as.~.w.m~B.a~.o il*11 r ~.:m~ml.+H.~~lE~.~:m*K{~il~~~~~~~~ ~ l;!1I${ ~ ~~R{I;i~~:mifrl,{ ~ ~.~mlgt~-:$lm1tl?lj;~:¥!~~~~ml .:m~~oliR.:m.~~~m.~ • • ~:m.~~ • •:m~.:mo.~~~.~~.~.~~~~.~~.·-l1Rl~B~.~. ~I$ r ~iffl~~.~4;(J ~ml~~:gll~lllil[.g..lThli 1tI? .. ~.g rllt!~4a:!:=J !llF~:m 0 .~~~~~-N " • • ~~ r~II1:1=1asJ Ilm~$ .~.w..*~:m.~~~M18~**~:m~~a~*~.I$~~:mW~"~I${~~.~~.~~r • •~~J~r • • • •J :mijij-«o." il*111 r ~.i:t1~.~~~1ll1.:m~~.g.. .. ~fjHiE~f:tl.m::~~~ml.~~ ~ ~~rm:m~a\lHil~ ~.=P*lWl.~ ril*lJ1:1=1asJ lm~ ~~~~ ~ :!:=~~'&!t.~<·H~.Ill:m 1.\ttr~ ~.g ~ ~.lilK-mt~a:~ti:m 1 ~~~ ~ ~~~~.w.m:lr (Aden) jM-1:::l1 81liEtm ~~~~*~~~~~R~~~8~~$:I=1aso • •~1tI?-:$l~~E~~~r$~r~~~!llF~~~~~B:m~:!:=o$ il*EI r • • iii\~{lJ:m~ml.~~" 1Pi~~~~~~:mtR$~$~ r~1\l:1=1asJ .... ~~$1~+4:.w.;J!rBI~:m#:~~VE1IW~ --:$l~.~.m::r~.J . . . . . ~~.~~.~~~~~o.~-N . . . . . . iii\.~.~~:m• • ~$.~~~~o ~~ - ~~l<~~:mmJl< .. ~.~ r~ll1$l~J :m~ml." ~~~~I${~.~~.:ffi:;#::I=1as'~~:1!:.~$:m lliftt$ ~1J11lgE~f~lW "1Pi~~~~~:m~.o lW~~#:.~E • • •~~~~18~~.:m~~o~.d~.:m~Q'ti-.g~~~d~lW.-« • • ~W~~~~lW~.:m~~~~~.ifr• • W.~:m.~"~-N.~~.~~~&:mr~W~J o.~-N~~.:m~.~• .. I${ 1 \%ifrl,{:JnK~\ttr,~~:m~Q'ti .. ~:Jl\:;~-« +Hl:i~\N:I;~~~:m~~~ - ~1t~:R<.~:!:=~~~fl:z\:l$ mt$~;'~ r~lil$t~J :m~mllt~~ - *~~I${ 1 ~1l!41IT~~~ <> ~~ .. ~~rm~~;1t~~. r~-K~{m:tJ .w.~ , :Jl\:; r ~rl\ ® Staar, USSR Foreign Policies A,fter Detente, pp.7S-79.. \$lasJ :m ~mllgE}jgijij. @ Possony. "Communist Psychological Worfare," p.202.. ~~iii\.

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