土耳其成語與諺語中的禮物

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(1)⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆ᷕ䘬䥖䈑ġ 55. ⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆ᷕ䘬䥖䈑㛶䎖䍚 ġ. 㐀ġ ġ ġ 天ġ 䳸㜇⎚ᶲ叿⎵ˣ㬟㗪⣂⸜䘬䈡㳃Ẳ㇘䇕炻᷎ᶼ忈ㆸ䈡㳃Ẳ❶星句䘬⍇⚈炻 ᶵ⯙㗗ᶨ⹏棳岰䴎⊅⇑侭炷䤆娙姀庱ᷕ䁢䌣䴎⣑䤆䘬ὃ⑩炸䘬㛐楔╶烎䚳Ụ ⃭㺧┬シ䘬䥖䈑炻⌣⎗傥㗗昘媨娕妰䘬ᶨ悐ấˤ⛇俛℞媢婆ˬ㚫↢洅䘬⛘㕡 ᶵ䓐⏅や暆˭昛徘䘬⯙㗗゛天媨㯪⣏⇑䙲䘬Ṣ炻⽭枰Ẁ↢䚠⮵Ἦ婒庫⮷䘬䉏䈚烊䈡⇍㗗忁ᾳˬ䉏䈚˭傥ẍ䥖⑩䘬⼊⺷⊭墅崟Ἦ䘬娙炻䃉婾℞䚖䘬㗗㑬䌚 Ṣ⽫ㆾ⮎䎦栀㛃炻悥⶚䴻㌺昌Ḯᷣ天䘬晄䣁ˤGürsoy-Naskali 娵䁢䥖䈑℟㚱 ˬ䩳抸凔⽖⥁䘬⸛堉˭(xii)ˤ岰復ㆾ㓞⍿䥖䈑炻䔞䃞⎗ẍ╖䲼⎒㗗䁢Ḯ⛐䧖䧖䲨⾝㖍ᷕ堐忼ねデ冯┬シ炻䚖䘬⛐ἧ⮵㕡⽫䓇㬉╄烊䃞侴⛐㝸ṃね㱩ᶳ炻䥖䈑⎗傥℟Ὕ䔍⿏ˣẌṢᶵ⬱炻䓂军ㆸ䁢ᶨ䧖℟⡻従⿏䘬槟㒦ˤġ 㛔婾㔯㖐⛐婒㖶⛇俛℞ㆸ婆媢婆ᷕ復䥖冯㓞䥖䘬冱≽⤪ỽ⍵㗈⛇俛℞ 㔯⊾ˤ⚈䁢⯙⏰䎦ᶨᾳ㔯⊾橼㚨➢㛔䘬₡ῤ奨ˣ朊⮵䓇㳣冯⎬䧖ḳẞ䘬奨溆侴妨炻媢婆㗗ᶨ⹏寸⭴䘬⮞⹓炻㗗䴻忶攟ᷭ奨⮇ˣ⿅䵕䘬䳸㘞ˤġ ġ ġ ġ 斄挝娆烉䥖䈑㔯⊾ˣ⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆ˣṢ栆⬠ˣ䣦㚫⬠ ġ ġ ġ. ҁЎ 2012 ԃ 2 Д 14 Вԏҹǹ2012 ԃ 5 Д 23 Вቩࢗ೯ၸǶ! !!‫׵‬੦࣓Ǵ୯ҥࡹ‫ݯ‬εᏢβԸ‫ځ‬ᇟЎᏢ‫س‬շ౛௲௤Ƕ!.

(2) 56ġ 㔯⊾崲䓴炽䫔ᶨ⌟炽䫔ᶫ㛇炽2012 ⸜ 3 㚰. The Gift in Turkish Idioms and Proverbs Pei-Lin Li Abstract Looking back to history, wasn’t it a horse (according to the mythology a horse submitted to a God) that ended the long-lasted Trojan War and leaded to the capture of antique city of Troy. Therefore, a present offered as a mark of good will might as well be a part of a sneaky plan. A Turkish proverb says: “You must lose a fly to catch a trout”. That is, if one expects benefit, one should make sacrifice. When this “sacrifice” is decorated with a gift-wrap, heart of the target is captured and an important obstacle is outreached. According to Gürsoy-Naskali, “a present has a delicate balance that sits on a powder keg” (xii). The subject of giving or taking a present can as well be an innocent memory on a special day, demonstration of love, a sign of good will, or an attempt of making someone happy. However, the present can be aggressive, disturbing, harassing or can even become an element of oppression depending on the situation. In this study, our aim is to explain how the act of “giving and taking presents” in Turkish proverbs is reflected in Turkish culture. Since proverbs are like a treasure that presents the main values of a culture and people’s point of view in life, they came out as a result of long years of observation and thought.. Key word: gift culture, Turkish idioms and proverbs, anthropology, sociology. Received: February 14, 2012; Accepted: May 23, 2012. Pei-Lin Li, Assistant professor of Turkish Language and Culture, National Chengchi University..

(3) ⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆ᷕ䘬䥖䈑ġ 57. ⇵妨䳸㜇⎚ᶲ叿⎵ˣ㬟㗪⣂⸜䘬䈡㳃Ẳ㇘䇕炻᷎ᶼ忈ㆸ䈡㳃Ẳ❶星句䘬 ⍇⚈炻ᶵ⯙㗗ᶨ⹏棳岰䴎⊅⇑侭炷䤆娙姀庱ᷕ䁢䌣䴎⣑䤆䘬ὃ⑩炸䘬㛐楔╶烎䚳Ụ⃭㺧┬シ䘬䥖䈑炻⌣⎗傥㗗昘媨娕妰䘬ᶨ悐ấˤ㚱ᾳ⛇俛℞ 媢婆⤪㬌婒忻烉ˬ㚫↢洅䘬⛘㕡ᶵ䓐⏅や暆˭ˤḇ⯙㗗婒゛天媨㯪⣏⇑ 䙲䘬Ṣ炻⽭枰Ẁ↢䚠⮵Ἦ婒庫⮷䘬䉏䈚烊䈡⇍㗗忁ᾳˬ䉏䈚˭傥ẍ䥖⑩ 䘬⼊⺷⊭墅崟Ἦ䘬娙炻䃉婾℞䚖䘬㗗㑬䌚Ṣ⽫ㆾ⮎䎦栀㛃炻⎗ẍ婒⶚䴻㌺昌Ḯ㚨ᷣ天䘬晄䣁ˤGürsoy-Naskali 娵䁢䥖䈑℟㚱ˬ䩳抸凔⽖⥁䘬⸛ 堉˭(xii)ˤ岰復ㆾ㓞⍿䥖䈑炻䔞䃞⎗ẍ╖䲼⎒㗗䁢Ḯ⛐䧖䧖䲨⾝㖍ᷕ堐忼ねデ冯┬シ炻䚖䘬⛐ἧ⮵㕡⽫䓇㬉╄烊䃞侴⛐㝸ṃね㱩ᶳ炻䥖䈑⎗傥 ℟Ὕ䔍⿏ˣẌṢᶵ⬱炻䓂军ㆸ䁢ᶨ䧖℟⡻従⿏䘬槟㒦ˤ ⛇俛℞㔯⊾ᷕ䘬㓞復䥖䈑佺὿炻ᷣ天⎗夳㕤↢䓇ˣ䳸⨂䫱䓇␥忙㛇䘬⎬ᾳ忶㷉昶㭝墉炻ẍ⍲⎬䧖䭨ㄞ冯䲨⾝㖍ᷕˤ⛇俛℞Ṣ䘬䥖䈑㔯⊾炻 ὅ⛘➇䘬ᶵ⎴⏰䎦叿ᶵ⎴䘬桐尴炻᷎ᶼẍᶵ⎴䘬娆婆Ἦ堐忼ˤἮ冒ℑᾳ ᶵ⎴⛘⋨䘬䓟⤛ㆸ⨂ᷳ⇵炻忂ⷠ㚫⃰ㇻ倥娚⛘⋨䘬㓞復䥖佺὿᷎ὅ䄏彎䎮ˤᶵ⎴䘬䲨⾝㖍ㅱ娚㍉䓐ỽ䧖㕡⺷棥岰ỽ䧖䥖䈑炻ẍ⍲℞䈡㬲㵝シ䫱㗗⎎ᶨᾳ䞼䨞䘬柴㛸炻⛐㬌ㆹᾹ᷎ᶵ≈ẍ㍊妶ˤ ⛇俛℞㔯⊾⯙桐὿佺ㄋ侴妨炻㚱䚠䔞⣏䘬悐↮㗗⛐Ẳ㕗嗕⼙枧ᶳㆸ ⼊䘬烊⚈㬌ㆹᾹḇ娎叿奨⮇䥖䈑㔯⊾⛐⬿㔁Ⰼ朊ᶲ㑩㚱䘬シ㵝ˤẲ㕗嗕 ⃰䞍䧮份満⽟䘬俾妻ᷕ姙⣂冯䥖䈑䚠斄䘬姀徘炻㎕䣢Ḯ䧮㕗㜿⛐忁㕡朊 ㅱ娚㉙㊩䘬ン⹎烉 ! Ȩϕᜄᘶ‫ނ‬ǴӢࣁᘶ‫཮ނ‬ቚߏག௃ǴѐନЈύ‫ޑ‬ᚯ௃གǶȩ! ȨऩԖΓࡼඁ‫ܭ‬գॺ‫ޑ‬၉ाӣൔдǴऩࢂค‫ݤ‬ӣൔ‫ޑ‬၉൩ࣁд ᛗ֋Ƕा‫ޕ‬ၰࣁдᛗ֋൩ࢂൔเдǶȩ! Ȩϕ࣬ᜄଌ१‫ނ‬ᆶᘶ‫ނ‬Ƕ೭཮ቶεգॺ‫ޑ‬१ᙂᆶৱ፥Ƕȩ (Canan 238-40).

(4) 58ġ 㔯⊾崲䓴炽䫔ᶨ⌟炽䫔ᶫ㛇炽2012 ⸜ 3 㚰. ⽆忁ṃἳ⫸ᷕ炻ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ䘤䎦Ẳ㕗嗕䚠䔞慵夾㓞復䥖䈑䘬冱≽炻⯌ ℞㗗ἄ䁢ᶨ䧖⡆忚⼤㬌攻ねデ䘬㕡⺷侴妨ˤ ᶵ忶㓞復䥖䈑㗪ˬシ⚾˭ḇ⋩↮慵天ˤ伶⚳⿅゛⭞刦満䓇 (Ralph Waldo Emerson) 婒忻烉ˬᶵ天䓐䥖䈑㓞屟㚳⍳ˤᷳ⼴䔞Ἀ復ᶵ↢䥖䈑䘬㗪῁炻ṾᾹ⯙㚫㬊ッἈ˭(Emerson 21-23)ˤ叿⎵䘬㱽⚳∯ἄ⭞檀ᷫẲ (Pierre Corneille) ḇ婒烉 ˬ復䥖㗪Ἀ䘬ン⹎炻㭼䥖䈑㛔幓℟㚱㚜⣏䘬シ佑˭ (144)ˤHelmuth Berking ⛐Ṿ⎵䁢 Schenken炷˪岰冯˫炸䘬叿ἄᷕ㍸⇘烉 ˬ䥖䈑㗗ㆹᾹ悥䅇〱䘬ᶨ䧖ㅱ䓐ˤ䥖䈑㗗䌚⍾≃慷炻䥖䈑㗗⺢䩳斄Ὢ炻䥖䈑㗗朷⚢昶䳂炻䥖䈑㗗ᷣ⮶斄Ὢẍ⍲姙⣂ḳ䈑˭(269)ˤ 㱽⚳䣦㚫⬠⭞ Jacques T. Godbout ⛐Ṿ⎵䁢 L’esprit du don炷1992炻劙㔯䇰冯⛇㔯䇰 (2003) 嬗䁢˪䥖䈑䘬ᶾ䓴˫炸ᶨ㚠ᷕ⮵䥖䈑䘬㤪⾝冯 ℏ㵝ἄḮ⋩↮娛䳘䘬婒㖶冯ṳ⭂ˤGodbout 娵䁢䥖䈑㗗烉 Ȩ‫ޑ܄཮ޗ‬ᜢ߯‫س‬಍ǹঁΓᜢ߯‫ޑ‬ຝቻᆶ௢୏‫ޣ‬ǹᑔᒧࡕ‫ޑ‬ᒃ ឦᜢ߯໽ϯᏊᆶ،‫ޣۓ‬ǹமϯᜢ߯‫ޣ‬ǹ໺಍‫཮ޗ‬ύᔅշǵ๓Չǵ ᄋඉǵ‫཮ޗ‬ϯ‫ޑ‬ຝቻǴიᡏᜢ߯‫୷ޑ‬ᘵǹ౜ж‫཮ޗ‬ύ٬ࡼ‫ޣ‬ᆶ ‫࠼ޣڙ‬ᢀϯ‫ޑ‬ಔᙃ‫ޣ‬ǹհሉճ੻ᜢ߯‫ޑ‬კᒉπ‫ڀ‬ǹᗦᙒӧѱ൑ ᆶ୯ৎङࡕ‫ޑ‬ᡏ‫ڋ‬ǹ‫཮ޗ‬Ҭඤᡏ‫س‬ǹΓᆶΓϐ໔‫཮ޗ‬ᜢ߯‫ڀޑ‬ ᡏϯǹ‫཮ޗ‬ᜢ߯‫ࡌޑ‬ᄬ‫ޣ‬ǵ‫׳‬ཥ‫ޣ‬ǵமϯ‫ޣ‬ǹႴ୏‫཮ޗ‬ᆛ๎‫ޑ‬ ΋ᅿ೤‫ނ‬ᆶ୍ܺࢬ೯ǹຎᜢᖄ‫܄‬ԋࣁ΋ᅿπ‫ޣ܈ڀ‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ǹࡌҥ ‫ߞܭ‬Һǵ϶ፉǵ௃ག΢‫ࡋڋޑ‬ǹԾ୏ԾวǵԾҗǵό‫؃‬ӣൔǵ คచҹǵόܴዴǵόѳᑽǵԖે๎ёൻǵคճ੻‫ޑ‬ǵ๏ϒ‫ޑ‬኷ ፪ǵӭᡂ‫ޑ‬όѳ฻ǵճдЬကǵ٩চ߾ၮբ‫سޑ‬಍ǹВதၮՉ Ѧ‫ޑ‬੝‫ٯ‬ǹЈҒ௃ᜫᆢ࡭‫ॄޑ‬໸‫ރ‬ᄊǹ൳࿶ܰЋǵᆶ‫ځ‬ᇥࢂٰ ྍǴόӵᇥࢂ΋ᅿᆅၰǹ௃ག‫ޑ‬ҬܰᆶЍ࡭ᡏ‫س‬ǹҾ཰‫୍ܺޑ‬ ঩ǹ΋ᅿ௲Ꭶୢᚒǹಔᙃϯ‫ޑ‬΋ᅿಞᄍǹπբ΢ߚ҅Ԅᜢ߯‫ޑ‬ ୷ҁπ‫ڀ‬ǹќ΋٣‫ޑނ‬ଵးǹԋࣁᄍ‫ޑٯ‬Չࣁǹѱ൑΢‫ޑ‬π‫ڀ‬ǹ ౜ж‫཮ޗ‬ύζ‫ޑ܄‬ᐕўǹዴߥ୘ࠔᎍ୧‫܈‬ЇᏤঁΓ੃຤‫ޑ‬΋ᅿ π‫ڀ‬ǹ٬ΓᆶΓϐ໔‫׎‬ԋ‫཮ޗ‬ᆶ௃གᆛ๎ྎ೯‫ޑ‬΋೽ҽǹፄᚇ.

(5) ⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆ᷕ䘬䥖䈑ġ 59. ‫ޑ‬ᖄᛠᆶ໘ભ‫܌‬ᄬԋ‫ࡋڋޑ‬ǹ٬ঁᡏǵ‫཮ޗ‬ᆶШࣚೱ่Ǵදၹ ‫ޑ‬΋ᅿҬܰ౛ፕǹᄋඉᆶགᐟ‫ޑ‬ғౢ‫ޣ‬Ƕȩ(qtd. in Özdemir 468) 㛔婾㔯䘬䚖䘬炻叿慵⛐婒㖶⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆ᷕ復䥖冯㓞䥖䘬冱≽ ⤪ỽ⍵㗈⛇俛℞㔯⊾ˤ⚈䁢⯙⏰䎦ᶨᾳ㔯⊾橼㚨➢㛔䘬₡ῤ奨ˣ朊⮵䓇㳣冯⎬䧖ḳẞ䘬奨溆侴妨炻媢婆㗗ᶨ⹏寸⭴䘬⮞⹓炻㗗䴻忶攟ᷭ奨⮇ˣ ⿅䵕䘬䳸㘞ˤ 冯⛇俛℞㔯ㆸ婆媢婆䚠斄䘬㔯䌣炻⣏⣂“慵㕤婆シ⬠␴婆㱽⬠䘬奺 ⹎≈ẍ䞼㜸炻ἳ⤪ Altun 冯 Sa÷lam 䘬婾㔯烊Özkan 䘬䞼䨞憅⮵⛇俛℞媢婆ᷕˬ栆䔲˭ㇳ㱽䘬⏰䎦烊Akçataú ⇯⮵⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆ᷕ䘬⍵佑娆ἄ Ḯ娛䚉䘬㔜䎮冯↮㜸ˤ⎎⢾㚱䞼䨞侭▿娎⽆㭼庫婆妨⬠䘬奺⹎Ἦ㍊妶ㆸ 婆冯媢婆ᷕ䘬䈡⭂娆⼁ (Aktaú; Karaba÷ & Coúan)烊㚦嗕晭䘬婾㔯妶婾Ḯ ˬ旧㉱˭䘬㤪⾝⤪ỽ↢䎦⛐⛇俛℞㔯ㆸ婆媢婆ᷕˤ⛇俛℞婆妨⬠⭞ Aksan 䘬叿ἄ Anadilimizin Söz Denizinde ᷕ炻ẍ㬟⎚婆妨⬠䘬奺⹎炻⍫侫Ḯ⛇ 俛℞婆㔯⎬㗪㛇䘬慵天㔯䌣炷悪䇦㷦䠹㔯ˣ䨩⍍婆⣏录℠ˣTarama Sözlü÷ü 䫱炸Ἦ䵄奨⛇俛℞ㆸ婆媢婆䘬㺼嬲烊⎎ᶨ㕡朊ḇ忚ᶨ㬍⮵⬱恋㈀ ⇑Ṇ⎬⛘⋨㕡妨ᷕ䘬䔘⎴忚埴㭼庫ˤ ㈧ᶲ㇨徘炻ㆹᾹ䘤䎦᷎㰺㚱℞Ṿ䞼䨞叿䛤㕤⛇俛℞㔯ㆸ婆冯媢婆ᷕ 䘬䥖䈑ᷣ柴ˤ㕤㗗ㆹᾹ⽆⛇俛℞ㆸ婆媢婆录℠ᷕ1炻⯙娆⼁㛔幓ẍ⍲㔜橼シ㵝ℑᾳⰌ朊炻吸普Ḯ冯䥖䈑㤪⾝䚠斄䘬⛇俛℞ㆸ婆媢婆ℙ⚃⋩ᶨ㡅2炻 ≈ẍ↮栆⛐ẍᶳ䘬㧁柴ᶳἄ㍊妶烉 1. ҁፕЎύԏ໣‫ޑ‬ԋᇟᆶᒆᇟᇟ਑ٰྍӈᖐӵΠǺDurûb-Õ Emsâl-i Osmâniyye (ùinasi, 1884), On Üçüncü YüzyÕldan Günümüze Kadar ùiirde ve Halk Dilinde Atasözleri ve Deyimler (Eyübo÷lu, 1974-75), Atasözleri ve Deyimler Sözlü÷ü (Aksoy, 1988), Türkçe Sözlük (TDK, 2005), Atasözleri (ParlatÕr, 2008), Deyimler (ParlatÕr, 2008). 2. ೭ࢂҁፕЎ‫ޔ‬ௗЇҔϐβԸ‫ځ‬ԋᇟᆶᒆᇟ‫ޑ‬ኧҞǶӧ‫ॺך‬ᇆ໣࣬ᜢᇟ਑ਔǴ ၶ‫ډ‬೚ӭѝࢂ‫୏׳‬ᇟ‫ׇ‬ǵЬ೏୏ᇟᄊȐ‫ٯ‬ӵǺVeren eli kimse kesmez.ᆶ Veren el kesilmez.ȑ‫ׯ܈‬ᡂຒచύൂ΋ᇟຒȐ‫ٯ‬ӵǺYa÷mur olsa kimsenin tarlasÕna düúmez.ᆶ Ya÷mur olsa kimsenin tarlasÕna ya÷maz.ȑǴԶჴሞ΢٠όቹៜ၀ԋ ᇟᒆᇟཀက‫ޣ‬ǴӧԜόख़ፄीᆉǶ.

(6) 60ġ 㔯⊾崲䓴炽䫔ᶨ⌟炽䫔ᶫ㛇炽2012 ⸜ 3 㚰. ᶨˣġ 㓞復䥖䈑䘬⽭天⿏ ⛇俛℞㔯⊾ᷕ䘬Ḻ復䥖䈑ㆾ復䥖佺὿炻ᷣ天⍵㗈⛐↢䓇ˣ䭨ㄞㆾ℞ Ṿ℟䲨⾝⿏䘬㖍⫸墉炻Ữḇⷠ夳㕤㖍ⷠ䓇㳣䘬溆㺜ᷕ3ˤ䃉婾㗗⍣㊄姒奒㚳⤥⍳ˣㆾ侭㗗崜⚳ℏ⢾㕭忲⼴䘬彼悱㬠⚳䫱⟜⎰炻ṢᾹㆾ⣂ㆾ⮹㚫㛇⼭傥㓞⇘䥖䈑炻冒䃞侴䃞復䥖塓夾䁢㗗ᶵ⎗ㆾ仢䘬冱≽ˤẍᶳ㗗冯㬌䚠斄䘬⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆烉㊄姒奒⍳㗪⤪㝄㰺㚱㸾⁁噳䱽ˣⶏ⃳≃ˣ㯜㝄ᶨ栆䘬Ờㇳ炻ὧ䓐⼿ ᶲ “eli boú gelmek”炷ˬ䨢ㇳ侴Ἦ˭炸忁ᾳㆸ婆炻䓂军ṢᾹḇ㚫䚜㇒Ḯ䔞 ⛘䓐 “ Elini kolunu sallaya sallaya gelmiú.”炷ˬṾ⣏㎾⣏㒢⛘ἮḮˤ˭炸 Ἦ⼊⭡ˤ⛇俛℞㔯䘬 “elini kolunu sallaya sallaya gelmek”炷ˬ⣏㎾⣏㒢⛘ Ἦ˭炸忁ᾳㆸ婆昌Ḯ婒㖶㝸Ṣ㰺ⷞ䥖䈑侴Ἦ炻怬㚱⎎ᶨᾳシ佑炻䓐Ἦ㍷徘㝸Ṣ㰺忼⇘枸㛇䘬䚖䘬⯙⚆Ἦ炻ḇ⯙㗗䃉≇侴彼ˤ炷ἳ⤪烉㝸Ṣ䁢Ḯ 屟㚨㕘↢䇰䘬㚠䯵⍣心㚠⯽炻㚨⼴ᶵỮṨ湤ḇ㰺屟炻忋ᾳ䚖抬ㆾ⺋⏲㚠 ╖悥㰺ⷞ⚆Ἦˤ炸㚱ᾳ媢婆⇯㗗 “Eli boúa ‘a÷a uyur’ eli doluya ‘a÷a buyur.’” 炷ˬ⮵䨢ㇳ䘬Ṣ婒烉 ˮ侩䇢⛐䜉奢˯ 炻⮵暁ㇳ㺧㺧䘬Ṣ婒烉 ˮ侩䇢㚱婳˯ ˤ˭炸 ⷞ䥖䈑⍣㊄姒ṾṢ炻⛐⛇俛℞䣦㚫ᷕ㗗䚠䔞㘖念䘬佺὿炻㇨ẍ䨢ㇳ侴Ἦ 䘬Ṣ⼨⼨ᶵ⍿㬉彶ˣᶵ塓䚳慵炻ᷫ军㕤塓㊄姒䘬⮲攟㆞㕤↢朊㍍夳忁㧋䘬屻⭊烊䚠⍵⛘炻ㇳ㊧䥖䈑Ἦ姒䘬Ṣ䷥㗗㚫⍿⇘䅙ね䘬㍍⼭ˣ塓⮲䁢ᶲ 屻ˤ “De÷irmenden gelenden po÷aca umarlar.”炷ˬṢᾹ㛇㛃⽆䢐⛲Ἦ䘬Ṣ 㚫ⷞ棉梭ˤ˭炸忁ᾳ媢婆炻ḇ堐忼ḮṢᾹ⮵⽆䔘⛘侴Ἦ䘬Ṣ䷥㗗㚱㇨㛇䚤炻枸㛇ṾᾹ㚫枮ὧ⽆䔞⛘ⷞἮᶨṃ䥖䈑ˤ ⎎ ᶨ ᾳ ⏰ 䎦㓞復䥖⽭天⿏䘬媢婆㗗 “Komúu ekme÷i komúuya borçtur.”炷ˬ惘⯭䘬湝⊭㗗ῇ↢⍣䘬⁝ˤ˭炸⛇俛℞Ṣ䎮妋忁⎍娙䘬㕡⺷㗗烉⤪㝄惘⯭㊃⼭ㆾ復䥖䈑䴎Ἀ炻Ἀḇㅱ娚䓐栆Ụ䘬㕡⺷≈ẍ㊃⼭ㆾ 3. Tezcan ӧ‫ځ‬ፕЎύ‫ע‬βԸ‫ځ‬໺಍ಞ߫ύሡाଌᘶ‫ޑ‬௃‫ݩ‬చӈӵΠǺрғ— ࡨೖཥғ‫ٽ‬ǵቼઔ࠸ูߏ٢У‫ޑ‬ᆫ཮ǵࣁ೯᠐ђើ࿶‫ู࠸ޑ‬᠐࿶Ўਔǵപᘶ ሺԄǵ๏ा྽ծ‫ߙޑ‬ԃଌՉǵ๏рᇻߐ‫ޣ‬ଌձǵஆᘶǵ‫ے‬௲࿯Вǵ๏௴ำ۳ ഝуරᙠ‫ޣ‬ǵཥۚᇞቼǵԝΫǵவᇻӦᘜٰǵ೿཮ᏢਠȐЀ‫دࢂځ‬ҥᏢਠȑ ‫ޑ‬Ꮲғ‫ܭ‬ԃ҃ଌᘶ๏Դৣ!(33)Ƕ!.

(7) ⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆ᷕ䘬䥖䈑ġ 61. ⚆䥖ˤḇ⯙㗗婒㓞䥖冯復䥖㗗ᶨ䧖Ḻよ䘬ˣ⮵䫱䘬埴䁢炻侴ᶵ⎒㗗╖㕡朊䘬㓞⍿ㆾ岰冯ˤ⚈䁢ˬ䥖䈑⯙⤪⎴屟岋Ṍ㖻炻⌛ἧ㗗⛐ねデ斄Ὢ䘬Ⰼ 朊炻ḇ㚫ᶳシ嬀⛘㛇⼭⚆⟙˭(Tezcan 30)ˤ ⽆ẍᶲ䘬ἳ⫸ᷕ炻ㆹᾹ䚳⇘⛐⛇俛℞Ṣ䘬䣦㚫䓇㳣ᷕ炻復䥖ᶵ╖㗗 ᶨ䧖⼰㘖念䘬冱≽炻ḇ⎗婒㗗ᶨ䧖⎠䨢夳ㄋ䘬ⷠ夷烊侴ᶵ思埴忁栆ㄋἳ 䘬娙炻ὧ⭡㖻ㆸ䁢埿柕⶟⯦嬘婾䳃䳃䘬娙柴ˤℵ侭炻䥖䈑䘬⼨Ἦᶵ㗗╖ ⎹䘬炻㇨ẍṢᶵ傥⎒㗗⸛䘥䃉㓭⛘㍍⍿岰䥖炻㓞⍿䥖䈑ᷳ⼴怬⽭枰⿅侫 ⤪ỽ䓐⮵䫱䘬㕡⺷⚆⟙ᷳˤ忁ḇ⯙㗗ˬ䥖⯂⼨Ἦ˭䘬⍇⇯ˤ. Ḵˣġ 䥖䈑䘬↮慷㓞復䥖䈑ᷫṢᷳⷠね炻恋湤䥖䈑㛔幓䘬↮慷炻㗗⏎㚱㧁㸾⎗⽒烎⛐ ⛇俛℞㔯⊾ᷕ炻䥖䈑䘬⣏⮷ẍ⍲屜慵冯⏎᷎㰺㚱䳽⮵䘬慵天⿏烊䓂军⮵ 㚱ṃṢἮ婒炻䚠庫㕤屜慵䘬䥖䈑炻⮷䥖䈑⯌℟₡ῤˤ⛇俛℞㔯ᷕ⺋䁢㳩 ⁛䘬 “YarÕm elma, gönül alma.”炷ˬ⋲柮喳㝄炻妶Ṣ㬉⽫ˤ˭炸忁⎍娙炻⻟婧䘬ὧ㗗ˬ䥖庽ね佑慵˭䘬゛㱽ˤ⌛ἧ㗗⁷⋲柮喳㝄凔⽖⮷䘬㜙大炻 ḇ嵛ẍẌṢ㺧シ᷎忼⇘⎹㚳⍳农シ䘬䚖䘬ˤ⚈䁢慵天䘬᷎ᶵ㗗䥖䈑䘬⮎ 晃₡ῤ炻侴㗗德忶復䥖冱≽堐忼ㅞ⾝㚳⍳䘬䛇ねˤ⛇俛℞㔯ᷕ堐忼䚠⎴ 㖐嵋䘬℞Ṿㆸ婆媢婆⤪ᶳ烉 Yar beni ansÕn da çürük bir elma olsun. 炷ˬ⎒天⤥⍳姀⼿ㆹ炻⒒⾽Ṿ復䘬㗗柮䇃喳㝄ˤ˭炸 An beni bir kozla o da çürük çÕksÕn. 炷ˬ復柮傉㟫䲨⾝ㆹ炻⯙䬿㗗器⢆䘬ḇ䃉⥐ˤ˭炸 Hediyenin küçü÷ü büyü÷ü yoktur. 炷ˬ䥖䈑ᶵ↮⣏⮷ˤ˭炸 Çam sakÕzÕ çoban arma÷anÕ. 炷ˬ㜦傪䈏Ṣ䥖ˤ˭炸 Bahúiú atÕn diúine bakÕlmaz..

(8) 62ġ 㔯⊾崲䓴炽䫔ᶨ⌟炽䫔ᶫ㛇炽2012 ⸜ 3 㚰. 炷ˬᶵ天⍣䚳岆岄䘬楔䘬䈁ˤ˭炸 azÕ ço÷a saymak 炷ˬ㈲⮹䔞㗗⣂䘬˭炸 Az veren candan çok veren maldan. 炷ˬ䴎⮹䘬Ẁ↢䓇␥炻䴎⣂䘬Ẁ↢屉䓊ˤ˭炸炷䩖Ṣ㌐␥炻⭴Ṣ㕥屉ˤ炸䔞ṾṢ䴎ḰㆹᾹ屉䈑冯䥖⑩㗪炻ㆹᾹ㚫⍿℞⽫シデ≽炻忚侴⽫䓇デ㽨炻⯙⤪⎴媢婆㇨婒䘬 “El vergisi, gönül sevgisi.”炷ˬṾṢ岰冯炻⽫䓇ね婤ˤ˭炸ˤ晾䃞復䥖侭䷥㗗ⶴ㛃傥棥岰ḰṢ㚨伶⤥ˣ㚨㚱₡ῤ䘬䈑⑩炻 ẍ䚉⎗傥堐忼冒⶙䘬㔔シ冯婈シ烊Ữ㗗⮵屉≃㚱旸侭侴妨炻冯℞ᶵ冒慷 ≃Ὰᶵ⤪✎㈧冒⶙䘬㊖㌖ˤ “Çam sakÕzÕ çoban arma÷anÕ.” 炷ˬ㜦傪䈏Ṣ 䥖ˤ˭炸堐忼䘬ὧ㗗⽖唬⮷䥖ⶴ㛃⮵㕡䪹䲵烊⮵⯭ỷ⛐Ⱉ慶䘬䈏Ṣ侴妨炻㚨⎰⭄䘬䥖䈑卓忶㕤⯙⛘⍾㛸䘬㜦傪Ḯˤ䚳Ụ⽖⮷䘬䥖䈑炻⼨⼨ẋ堐叿復䥖侭寸⍂䘬⽫シˤ媢婆 “Az veren candan çok veren maldan.” 炷ˬ䴎⮹ 䘬Ẁ↢䓇␥炻䴎⣂䘬Ẁ↢屉䓊ˤ˭炸炷䩖Ṣ㌐␥炻⭴Ṣ㕥屉ˤ炸⻟婧䘬 ḇ㗗⭞⠫屏⚘侭㇨岰復䘬⮷䥖䈑炻⼨⼨㗗Ṿ䘬⣏䉏䈚烊侴屉≃晬⍂侭復 ⣏䥖冒ᶵ⼭妨炻♜㟤婒Ἦᶵ傥䬿㗗䧖⣱䌣ˤ 媢婆 “An beni bir kozla o da çürük çÕksÕn.”炷ˬ復柮傉㟫䲨⾝ㆹ炻⯙ 䬿㗗器⢆䘬ḇ䃉⥐ˤ˭炸⼊⭡䥖䈑㛔幓⌛ἧ䚳Ụ⽖⮷ˣ₡㟤Ỷ岌炻⌣ẋ 堐Ḯ⮵㚳⍳䘬⓷῁冯㆟⾝ˤ㚱忻㗗 “Bahúiú atÕn diúine bakÕlmaz.”炷ˬᶵ 天⍣䚳岆岄䘬楔䘬䈁ˤ˭炸炻⼿⇘䥖䈑䘬Ṣᶵㅱ娚⣂㇨㊹⇼炻⚈䁢⎒天㗗ṾṢ䘬岰䥖炻℞⑩岒⤥⢆冯⏎ˣ㚱䃉仢星᷎ᶵ㗗慵溆烊⃵屣䘬㜙大⃀ 䭉㚱䏽䕝ḇᶵ娚㊹ᶱ㍨⚃炻ㅱ䔞㫋䃞㍍⍿ˤ䇯婆 “azÕ ço÷a saymak”炷ˬ㈲ ⮹䔞㗗⣂䘬˭炸ḇ㗗䓐Ἦ堐忼⽖⮷䥖䈑側⼴䘬㶙㐗ねシ炻⮵㓞䥖侭侴妨⼨⼨㭼䥖䈑䘬㛔幓㚜⮞屜ˤ ᶵ忶 Tezcan 娵䁢炻忁ṃ晾䃞悥㗗⛇俛℞Ṣ㗪ⷠ㍃⛐◜怲䘬ㆸ婆媢婆炻⌣㛒⽭傥⬴ℐ句⮎㕤㖍ⷠ䓇㳣ᷕˤᶨ㕡朊復䥖侭ᶵⶴ㛃復↢䘬䥖䈑⽖唬侴デ⇘暋䁢ね炻⚈䁢⽖唬⮷䥖⎗傥嬻冒⶙⎵倚⍿㎵ˣ句Ṣ⎋⮎烊⎎.

(9) ⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆ᷕ䘬䥖䈑ġ 63. ⢾ḇ天栏ㄖ㗗⏎㚫塓䔞ἄ㗗䧖庽夾㓞䥖侭䘬堐䎦 (34)ˤ⌛ἧ⛇俛℞媢婆婒 “YarÕm elma, gönül alma.”炷ˬ⋲柮喳㝄炻妶Ṣ㬉⽫ˤ˭炸炻Ữ㗗⛐䎦 ẋ䣦㚫墉炻㊧㋷復䥖䘬↮⮠⌣ᶵ㗗恋湤⭡㖻ˤ⛐⛇俛℞炻⯌℞㗗ᷕ⮷⬠ 䓇䘬⭞攟Ᾱ炻ⷠⷠ⛐㔁ⷓ䭨䪞䚠復䥖䴎侩ⷓ炻ἧ⼿㔁ⷓ䭨⸦᷶㶒䁢復䥖䪞岥炻䴻㾇傥≃庫ⶖ䘬⬠䓇Ᾱḇ⚈侴星ℍ䩀⠫ˤ. ᶱˣġ ⽆⬿㔁䘬奨溆䚳㓞復䥖䈑 ⛇俛℞㔯⊾墉㓞復䥖䈑䘬㘖念⿏冯慵天⿏炻ḇ⍵㗈⛐Ẳ㕗嗕ᾉẘᷕ 䘬屉䓊ˣ㇨㚱䈑㤪⾝ᷕˤẲ㕗嗕⃰䞍䧮份満⽟䘬妨埴抬ᷕ⸦ᾳ冯䥖䈑䚠斄䘬姀庱⤪ᶳ (Tezcan 34)烉. “Hediyeleúiniz: Çünkü hediye Gönül kÕrgÕnlÕ÷ÕnÕ giderir. (Tirmîzî, cild 4: Sh: 441 Hadis No: 2130) Ȩϕᜄᘶ‫ނ‬ǴӢࣁᘶ‫཮ނ‬ѐନЈύ‫࡟ۻޑ‬Ƕȩ! Hediyeleúiniz ki, Muhabbetiniz artsÕn. (Camiu’s- Sa÷îr, cilt: 1 Sh: 133) Ȩϕᜄᘶ‫ނ‬ӳᡣգॺ‫ޑ‬ག௃ቚߏǶȩ! Hediyeleúiniz ki, Sevginiz artsÕn. TokalaúÕnÕz ki, AranÕzdaki husumet gitsin. (Ö. Nasuhi Bilmen, Hikmet Gonceleri, Sh: 102)” Ȩϕᜄᘶ‫ٰނ‬ቚ຾գॺ‫ޑ‬ག௃ǴඝЋٰѐନգॺϐ໔‫ޑ‬እཀǶȩ! !.

(10) 64ġ 㔯⊾崲䓴炽䫔ᶨ⌟炽䫔ᶫ㛇炽2012 ⸜ 3 㚰. 䓙㬌⎗夳炻䧮㕗㜿ᷳ攻Ḻ岰䥖䈑㗗ᶨ䧖⍿溻⊝䘬埴䁢炻㖊⎗ẍ⊾妋佌橼攻䘬昼敉冯䳃䇕炻ḇ傥⡆忚⮵⼤㬌䘬⍳婤冯ᾉảˤ昌㬌ᷳ⢾炻⛇俛 ℞㔯ᷕ “Almadan vermek Allah’a mahsustur.”炷ˬᶵ㊧⍾⎒䴎冯㗗⮰Ⱄ㕤旧㉱䘬ˤ˭炸忁ᾳ媢婆㍷徘Ḯᶾ攻㇨㚱Ṣ炻劍㰺㚱媨䓇䘬㓞ℍㆾ℞Ṿ屉㸸炻℞⮎᷎䃉傥≃嵛ẍ䴎ḰṾṢ屉䈑烊ⓗ㚱䛇ᷣ旧㉱炻ᶵ暨㯪媠幓⢾侴㑩㚱䃉旸慷䘬屉⭴ˤ忚ᶨ㬍侴妨炻ṢᾹ⼤㬌Ḻ䚠復䥖ẍ⍲㇨㚱䘬棥岰悥㗗暁㕡朊䘬Ḻよ烊⎒㚱䛇ᷣ旧㉱炻⛐䴎冯䘬⎴㗪㗗ᶵ暨⚆棳侴ᶼᶵ㯪ả ỽ⤥嗽䘬ˤ ⛐䧮㕗㜿䘬攳滳䭨ˣ⭘䈚䭨䫱⬿㔁⿏䭨㖍墉炻ㆹᾹ䈡⇍傥奨⮇⇘⛇ 俛℞Ṣ㓞復䥖佺὿䘬㧋尴烊⚈䁢䭨㖍⇵冯忶䭨㗪䘬Ḻ䚠棳岰㗗⛇俛℞䥖䈑㔯⊾ᷕ䚠䔞慵天䘬ᶨ䑘ˤ忶䭨⇵䲵婚炷zekat verme炻䧮㕗㜿Ḽ≇ᷳᶨ 䘬ˬ婚˭≇炸ẍ㓹㾇屏劎ᷳṢ炻ὧ㗗℞ᷕ㚨⤥䘬ἳ⫸ˤ⛐㊩临⚃⣑䘬⭘ 䈚䭨㛇攻炻塓⭘㭢䈚䔄䘬倱⽭枰↮ㆸ⤥⸦ấ炻ᶨấ岰復䴎奒㇂惘慴炻ᶨ ấⶫ㕥䴎䩖劎Ṣ⭞炻㚨⼴ᶨấㇵ䔁䴎冒⭞ˤ↮復⭘䈚䘬倱䴎奒㇂冯䩖Ṣ ℟㚱⣂㕡朊䘬シ佑炻㖊㗗䁢Ḯ㍍㾇屏劎Ṣ⭞炻ḇ㗗䁢Ḯ䳗䧵┬埴炻⎴㗪 ḇ㗗⮎嶸旧㉱䘬妻䣢烊侴ᶼ忁ṃ↮ṓ屉䈑䘬冱≽㗗ᶵ㯪⚆⟙䘬ˤ⎎⢾炻 ⛐⁛䴙䭨㖍㛇攻炻⬑䪍Ᾱ㚫㋐⭞㋐㇞⛘㔚攨炻㏞叿奒⏣⇵Ἦㅱ攨攟廑䘬ㇳ烊攟廑Ᾱ⇯㚫㸾⁁ᶨṃḦ㶐䘬ㇳⶽˣ䱾㝄ㆾ暞拊復䴎忁ṃ䘣攨屨䭨䘬 ⮷⬑ˤㆸ⸜Ṣᷳ攻ḇ㚫⇘奒⍳⭞ᷚ攨Ḻ姒炻ᷣṢᶨ㧋㚫㊧↢䓄梇ˣ䱾㝄䫱梇⑩㫦⼭Ἦ姒䘬⭊Ṣˤ ⽆Ẳ㕗嗕䘬俾妻ᷕ炻ㆹᾹ䚳⇘Ḻ䚠岰復䥖䈑㗗⡆忚Ṣ冯Ṣᷳ攻デね䘬ᶨ䧖㕡⺷炻侴⛇俛℞媢婆ᷕ䘬 “Lokma karÕn doyurmaz, úefkat artÕrÕr.” 炷ˬᶨ⎋梗ᶵ嵛ẍ⃭梊炻⌣傥⡆≈㹓ねˤ˭炸炻ḇ⻟婧Ḯ䥖䈑⎗ẍ⡆忚ね婤䘬≇䓐ˤ䭨ㄞ㛇攻復↢䘬ᶨ⟲倱炻ㆾ姙䃉㱽⠓梥ℐ⭞Ṣ䘬偂⫸炻⎗ 傥⎒嵛ẍㅱẀᶨ梸梗烊䃞侴忁ᶨ⟲倱⌣ẋ堐Ḯ岰冯侭䘬ヰッ炻㓞䥖侭ḇ 㚫⚈侴⮵復䥖侭䓊䓇⤥デ冯㔔シˤ.

(11) ⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆ᷕ䘬䥖䈑ġ 65. ⚃ˣġ 冯 vermekˬ䴎冯˭ᶨ娆䚠斄䘬ㆸ婆媢婆 ⤪⎴⇵ᶨ䭨ᷕ㍸⇘䘬媢婆 “Almadan vermek Allah’a mahsustur.” 炷ˬᶵ㊧⍾⎒䴎冯㗗⮰Ⱄ㕤旧㉱䘬ˤ˭炸炻ㆹᾹ䘤䎦⛐⛇俛℞ㆸ婆媢婆 ᷕ炻㚱姙⣂䚜㍍ἧ䓐≽娆 “vermek”ˬ䴎冯˭ẍ⍲孂伶 “veren”ˬ䴎冯侭˭ 䘬ἳ⫸ˤ⺢䩳⛐⬿㔁➢䢶ᶲ炻᷎ᶼ橼䎦䧮㕗㜿攻棥岰伶⽟䘬ˬ䴎冯˭埴䁢炻⎴㗪ḇ塓夾䁢㗗ᶨ䧖⛐旧㉱朊⇵䳗䧵┬埴䘬徼⼹ˤ“Veren el dert görmez.”炷ˬ䴎冯ᷳṢᶵ㚫㚱䄑゙ˤ˭炸炻⚈䁢傥⣈⮵屏⚘侭Ỡ↢㎜ㇳ䘬Ṣ炻⮯㚫⼿⇘⍿≑侭䘬䥙⏲冯䤅䤷侴僓暊䧖䧖⚘⠫ˤ媢婆 “Veren eli herkes öper.”炷ˬ㇨㚱Ṣ悥㚫奒⏣䴎冯侭ᷳㇳˤ˭炸炷シ㊯ṢṢ悥ッㄟㄐ ᷳṢ炸ˣ“Veren eli kimse kesmez.” 炷ˬ㰺㚱Ṣ㚫 ⭛䴎冯ᷳṢˤ˭炸悥 ⛐⛐婒㖶ᶵ⏅⸓≑ṾṢ侴ᶼ栀シㄟㄐ妋♲侭炻㚫⺋⍿䛦Ṣ䘬⮲㔔冯ッ㇜烊 ᶵỮ㰺㚱Ṣ゛ ⭛Ṿ炻怬㚫ᾅ嬟Ṿˤ Ẳ㕗嗕溻⊝ᾉ䛦⮵奒⍳ˣ䩖Ṣㆾ旴䓇Ṣ天䚉慷埴┬冯㓹㾇烊⛇俛℞ Ṣ⛐⣏暋ᶵ㬣徫忶ᶨ≓⼴ἧ䓐䘬 “Verilmiú sadakasÕ varmÕú.” 炷ˬṾ䴎忶㕥㌐㓹㾇ˤ˭炸ᶨ婆炻㬋⍵㗈ḮṾᾹ䚠ᾉ㕥㌐㗗䳗䧵┬埴䘬㕡⺷炻Ṣ⛐ 朊冐⚘暋ᷳ晃㚫⚈䁢忶䘬⤥ḳ侴⼿⇘旧㉱⌛㗪䘬㓹≑ˤ㇨ẍ䃉婾ᾳṢ 䴻㾇䉨㱩⤪ỽ炻悥ㅱ娚㉙㊩ヰッˣㄟㄐᷳ⽫Ἦ㓹㾇ṾṢˤ媢婆 “Vermekle mal tükenmez.”炷ˬ䴎冯ᶵ㚫嬻Ṣ㔋䚉⭞屉ˤ˭炸炻⚈䁢㈲拊屉䓐⛐ ┬ ḳᶵỮ㗗䧮㕗㜿䘬㛔↮炻ḇ㗗⮯䛇ᷣ】岄䘬屉䓊廱䦣⇘暨天㓹㾇䘬䩖Ṣ 幓ᶲˤ 媢婆 “Sa÷ elinin verdi÷ini sol elin görmesin.”炷ˬ⎛ㇳ䴎↢⍣䘬⇍嬻 ⶎㇳ䚳⇘ˤ˭炸炻㚜忚ᶨ㬍⻟婧ᶵ⎗⻝㎂岰冯ˣ㕥㌐䫱┬埴炻ㆾ侭⺽ẍ 䁢⁚ˤ⸓≑ṾṢ䘬⎴㗪天性⃵ ⭛⇘⍿≑侭䘬デねˤ傥⣈䵕嬟⍿≑侭䘬 ⮲♜炻侴ᶼ満満⛘忚埴ˣᶵ䁢Ṣ䞍䘬┬埴ㇵ㗗㚨⎗屜䘬ˤ 德忶ẍᶲ䘬ἳ⫸炻ㆹᾹ䚳⇘ἧ䓐 “vermek”ˬ䴎冯˭ᶨ娆䳬ㆸ䘬ㆸ婆媢婆炻⣏⣂冯Ẳ㕗嗕㇨溻⊝䘬岰冯ẍ⍲ㄟㄐ伶⽟〗〗䚠斄ˤ媢婆 “Veren el alandan üstündür.”炷ˬ䴎冯⊅㕤㊧⍾ˤ˭炸炻㚜㗗冯俾䴻ᷕ䘬ˬ㕥㭼⍿ 㚱䤷˭㚱䔘㚚⎴ⶍᷳ⥁烊㦪㕤䴎冯ˣ↮ṓ䘬Ṣᶵ婾⇘ỽ嗽悥㚫⍿Ṣ㔔慵.

(12) 66ġ 㔯⊾崲䓴炽䫔ᶨ⌟炽䫔ᶫ㛇炽2012 ⸜ 3 㚰. ẘヽˤ. Ḽˣġ 䈥㴱⇑䙲斄Ὢ䘬ㆸ婆媢婆 ⛐⛇俛℞Ṣ䘬⬿㔁ᾉẘ冯䣦㚫䓇㳣ᷕ炻㓞復䥖䈑㗗䧖㘖念侴ᶼ塓溻 ⊝䘬埴䁢烊䃞侴䥱㊩┬シ䘬䥖䈑Ṍ㳩炻ᶨ㖎㐣暄⇑⶙䘬䚖䘬⯙ᶵ⃵䓊䓇㳩⺲ˤ復䥖埴䁢側⼴䈥㴱䘬⇑䙲斄Ὢ炻怬⎗傥㴱⍲忻⽟⿏冯㱽⼳⿏䘬䇕嬘ˤ⛇俛℞䩳㱽㨇斄ὧ⇞⭂Ḯ姙⣂䚠斄䘬㱽Ẍ冯夷䪈炻ẍ夷䭬㨇斄䳬䷼ ᷳ攻ẍ⍲景⒉炷借⒉ㆾ䭉䎮昶Ⰼ炸ᷳ攻䘬㓞復䥖埴䁢ˤ⛇俛℞㖶Ẍ䤩㬊 ℔借Ṣ⒉㓞䥖4炻⚈䁢㍍⍿䥖䈑㚫ἧṢ⽫䓇デ㽨侴デ⇘嘏㫈Ṣね炻“Minnet kadar a÷Õr yük olmaz.”炷ˬ㰺㚱㭼デ】㚜慵䘬屈㑼ˤ˭炸ᶨ婆ὧ㗗㚨⤥䘬婒㖶ˤ㖊䃞復䥖㗗ᶨ䧖㚫ἧ㓞䥖侭デ≽炻忚侴デ⍿Ṣね⊭塙䘬冱≽炻℔ 借Ṣ⒉㓞䥖⃵ᶵḮἧ℞㚵⊁⑩岒呁ᶲᶨⰌ昘⼙炻䃉婾䥖䈑䘬⍇⥳↢䘤溆䁢ỽ炻悥⎗傥旣䣁㓞䥖侭䌐䩳ˣ℔⸛ˣ℔㬋⛘埴≽ (TaúkÕn 156)ˤ ṢᾹ䁢Ḯ忼⇘䚖䘬炻㉙叿 “Kaz gelecek yerden tavuk esirgenmez.” 炷ˬ㚫↢洅䘬⛘㕡ᶵ䓐⏅や暆ˤ˭炸䘬゛㱽炻侴⮰㲐㕤媨㯪㚜⣏䘬⇑䙲㗪炻冒䃞ᶵ㚫徜性復ᶨṃˬ⮷˭䥖䈑ˤ⎒ᶵ忶忁䧖埴⼹炻⼨⼨⶚䴻⣙⍣ 復䥖䘬⍇シ侴ㆸ䁢ᶨ䧖ˬ屬屪˭ˤ⛇俛℞娑Ṣ⭴䣾䩳 (Fuzuli, 1483-1556) 㚦⤪㬌▮忻烉“Selam verdim, rüúvet de÷ildir diye almadÕlar.”炷ˬㆹㇻḮ㊃ ␤炻⚈䁢ᶵ㗗屬屪炻ṾᾹ⍵侴ᶵ䫼䎮ㆹˤ˭炸ὧ栗曚Ḯ䔞㗪屬屪桐㯋ᷳ 㘖念ˣṢᾹ㛇⼭屬屪䓂军⮵屬屪佺ẍ䁢ⷠ䘬䎦尉 (Gürsoy-Naskali xii)ˤ “Verince kÕrkÕ gider korku.” 炷ˬ䴎ᾳ⚃⋩拊⿸ㆤ⯙㴰⣙ˤ˭炸ᶨ婆炻㚜㗗䚜㍍⁛忼↢慹拊叔傥ˣ⇑䙲军ᶲ䘬₡ῤ奨ˤ ⎎ᶨ⎍℟橼㭼╣⇑䙲斄Ὢ䘬䇯婆 “A÷zÕna bir parmak bal çalmak” 炷ˬ⛐Ṣ◜ᶲ㉡嚪囄˭炸炻ḇ⯙㗗䴎Ṣ䓄柕烊㇨㍸ὃ䘬⤥嗽䃉婾㗗妨婆 ㆾ䈑⑩炻℞䚖䘬悥㗗䁢Ḯ冒幓䘬⇑䙲⍣⑬槁ˣ䈥⇞ṾṢㆾ侭廱䦣ṾṢ䘬 4. TaúkÕn ‫ࡰزࣴޑ‬рǴβԸ‫ځ‬Ӛ໘ቫ‫ޑ‬Ϧ୍Γ঩೿٩‫ݤ‬࿣Зԏᘶᆶा‫؃‬ᘶ‫ނ‬Ƕ ౜Չ‫ࡓݤ‬ύ҂‫ޑुڋ‬ѝԖ΋૓୯҇ଌᘶ๏Ϧ୍঩‫࣬ޑ‬ᜢೕጄ!(155)Ƕ!.

(13) ⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆ᷕ䘬䥖䈑ġ 67. 㲐シ≃ˤ “østemem yan cebime koy.”炷ˬㆹᶵ天炻㓦⇘ㆹ⎋堳ˤ˭炸㍷徘ṢᾹ ⛐㓞⇘岰䥖㗪炻ㆾ姙➢㕤䧖䧖⍇⚈⃰⛐⎋柕ᶲ㉺䳽炻Ữℏ⽫℞⮎㺧⽫㬉 ╄炻㚨䳪ṵ䃞㓞ᶳ䥖䈑ˤ忁ᾳ媢婆ᶵ⁭䓇≽⛘㍷丒↢⤥朊⫸侭⋲㍐⋲⯙ 䘬䤆ン炻ḇⷠ塓䓐Ἦ◚⺬㓞⍿屬屪䘬Ṣˤ 怬㚱ᶨ䧖ね㱩ᶳ炻ㆹᾹ㬉╄⛘㓞⍾Ḯ㝸Ṣ䘬岰䥖ᷳ⼴⌣デ⇘⼴〼叔 ↮ˤ⚈䁢㚱ṃ復䥖侭㚫⃰ⶏ⥁⛘晙啷℞䛇㬋シ⚾炻ḳ忶⠫怟ᷳ⼴⍰ᶵ㕟㍸愺ṾṢ冒⶙復忶䘬䥖ㆾ 忶䘬⤥ḳ炻ἧṢᶵ⼿ᶵ⚈侴デ⇘嘏㫈ˤ忁㗪 ῁⛇俛℞媢婆 “KaúÕk ile yedirir, sapÕ ile gözünü çÕkarÕr.”炷ˬ䓐㸗⋁棝梇㗪炻⋁㝬⌣㇛䛤䜃ˤ˭炸炻㍷徘䘬ὧ㗗Ṣ⛐ ⤥ḳ䘬⎴㗪⤪㝄ⷞ㚱䁓侨䘬⽫ン炻䓂军⛐⽫⸽䚌䬿㗗⏎傥⼿⇘⟙䫼䘬娙炻⮵ṾṢ忈ㆸ䘬 ⭛⿸ ⾽怈怈⣏㕤㕥↢䘬】よ烊⺬ⶏㆸ㊁䘬䳸㝄炻怬⎗傥⮶农暁㕡⍵䚖ㆸṯˤ ⛐䎦ẋ借⟜ᷕ幓䁢䭉䎮柀⮶侭炻䁢Ḯẩ㤕ㆾ㨇㥳䘬⇑䙲⽭枰㚱㯪㕤 Ṣ㗪炻㚨怑⎰⮎䎦℞䫾䔍䘬⟜㇨卓忶㕤梗㟴ᶲˤ䚠庫㕤℞Ṿ⟜⎰炻⛐ᶨ ⟜䱦⽫䯴⁁䘬䚃⭜ᶲ炻天゛㉺䳽ᷣṢ䘬婳㯪㗗䚠䔞⚘暋䘬ˤ⛇俛℞媢婆 ᷕ䘬 “A÷Õz yer yüz utanÕr.”炷ˬ◜⶜⎫⯙㚫共䲭ˤ˭炸ㆾ侭 “A÷Õz yemese yüz utanmaz.”炷ˬ◜⶜ᶵ⎫⯙ᶵ㚫共䲭ˤ˭炸⯙㗗䓐Ἦ堐忼忁䧖⚈䁢⼿ Ḯ⤥嗽炻䣁㕤ね朊侴䃉㱽㉺䳽ṾṢ炻⃵ᶵḮ⽭枰㍍⍿℞婳妿炻侴ᶼ怬⽭枰䚉ℐ≃⬴ㆸ䘬ね⠫ˤ“Ya aldÕ÷ÕnÕ vermeli ya almamalÕ.”炷ˬㅱ娚㈲㓞⍾ 䘬䴎↢⍣炻天ᶵ䃞⯙⇍㊧ˤ˭炸ᶨ婆炻⇯㍸愺㓞䥖侭䁢Ḯ性⃵忁䧖䃉⼊䘬⡻≃㇨䓊䓇䘬䩀⠫炻㓞䥖ᷳ⼴⽭枰堐䣢↢䚠⮵䘬⚆ㅱ炻⏎⇯⯙天゛彎㱽⧱㉺䥖䈑ˤ⚈䁢復䥖㗗暁㕡朊䘬埴䁢炻㓞䥖侭⼰冒䃞⛘㚫デ⍿⇘⚆䥖䘬佑⊁ˤ ⥹ᶼᶵ侫ㄖ㓞復䥖䘬⇑䙲Ṍ㎃Ⰼ朊炻⣏⣂㔠㗪῁復䥖䴎╄ッ䘬Ṣ炻 ᶵ⃱㗗嬻㓞䥖侭㬉╄炻ḇ㗗ᶨ䧖嵛ẍἧ復䥖侭デ⇘㺧嵛ˣケ⾓䘬冱≽ˤ 䚳⇘⮵㕡⚈䁢冒⶙㇨復䘬䥖䈑デ⇘╄〭炻冒⶙䘬⾓㦪ḇ㚫㱡䃞侴䓇烊䃞侴姙⣂㗪῁炻天嬻⮵㕡╄㬉忁ấ䥖䈑⌣㰺㚱゛⁷ᷕ䘬䯉╖ˤ䔞䃞忁ḇ㴱 ⍲⇘㓞䥖侭䘬ᾳ⿏冯ッ⤥炻⏡㮃㯪䕝䘬Ṣ冒䃞ᶵ庽㖻孂岆ṾṢ復䘬䥖䈑炻䓂军怬⎗傥㚫▌ᷳẍ滣ˤ忁㗪ㆹᾹ㚫デㄐ⛘婒烉“MarsuvanlÕya eúek.

(14) 68ġ 㔯⊾崲䓴炽䫔ᶨ⌟炽䫔ᶫ㛇炽2012 ⸜ 3 㚰. be÷endirmek güç olur.”炷ˬ天㈦⇘嬻楔䇦喯↉Ṣᷕシ䘬樊⫸㗗ẞ暋ḳˤ˭炸忁ᾳ媢婆墉䘬ˬ楔䇦喯↉Ṣ˭ⷞ㚱ˬ䫐噳ˣ⏮䒄˭䘬属㈹ᷳシ炻侴ᶵㅪ ⼿䍵夾ṾṢ䘬Ẁ↢炻⛐⛇俛℞䣦㚫ᷕ㗗ᶵ⍿䧙姙䘬埴䁢ˤ ⮵㕤恋ṃ⌛ἧ傥≃㇨⍲⌣ᶵ栀≑Ṣ侭炻⛇俛℞Ṣ㚫䓐 “Ya÷mur olsa kimsenin tarlasÕna ya÷maz.”炷ˬ⌛ἧᶳ暐ḇᶵ㚫ᶳ⛐ảỽṢ䘬䓘墉ˤ˭炸忁ᾳ媢婆Ἦ⼊⭡ˤᶨᾳṢㆾ姙⼰⭴㚱ˣ屉䓊䛦⣂炻Ữ㗗ᶵ╄㬉≑Ṣˣᶵ ㅪ⼿䓐䥖䈑妶Ṣ㬉⽫ㆾ侭ᶵ栀シ忁湤ἄ䘬娙炻㚫塓㊯㐀䁢 “cimri” ˬ⏅ ╯˭烊㭼ᷳ㕤⏅╯炻ㄟㄐ≑Ṣㇵ㗗⛇俛℞䣦㚫ᷕ⍿Ṣ䚳慵䘬ᾖ梲冯冱㬊ˤ. 䳸婆䶐⮓⛇俛℞㔯䫔ᶨ悐ㆸ婆媢婆录℠ Durûb-Õ Emsâl-i Osmâniyye 䘬 ùinasi炻⛐℞叿ἄᷕ攳⬿㖶佑ὧ婒忻烉ˬ媢婆ᷫṢ㮹ᷳ㘢ㄏ炻⍵㗈℞㇨Ⱄ 㮹㕷䘬⿅䵕˭(178)ˤ德忶⮵ㆸ婆冯媢婆䘬䞼䨞炻ㆹᾹᶵ⁭⁭⎗ẍ奨⮇佌橼䘬䓇㳣䴻槿炻怬傥忚侴㍊䨞℞側⼴䘬⿅侫㧉⺷ˤ⛐㛔婾㔯ᷕㆹᾹ德忶㩊夾冯䥖䈑㤪⾝䚠斄䘬⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆炻ẍ㛇䝕妋⛇俛℞Ṣ㓞復䥖佺 ὿⸽ᶳ䘬⿅䵕ˤ 䵄奨㛔㔯↿冱䘬ㆸ婆媢婆ᷕ冯䥖䈑枭䚖䚠斄䘬娆⼁㗪炻⎗ẍ䚳⇘⃀ 䭉ὅᾳṢ䴻㾇䉨㱩ᶵ⎴炻復䥖䘬⑩枭㚱⇍炻Ữ⣏农⎗ẍ⍵㗈⛇俛℞Ṣẍ 彚䈏䁢慵⽫䘬䓇㳣䈡刚ˤἳ⤪炻⭞⠫⮷⹟ㆾ⭴㚱侭岰冯暆ˣ洅ˣ⭘䈚倱炻䓂军㕤楔ㆾ樊䫱䔄䓊烊棉梭ˣ湝⊭ˣ㜦傪䫱⇯㗗䴻㾇傥≃㘖忂侭䘬怠㑯ˤ 㶭屏䩖⚘ᷳṢ⎒天㚱⽫炻ᶨ柮⢆㌱䘬傉㟫ˣ⋲ᾳ喳㝄悥㗗⎗ẍ塓㍍⍿䘬䥖䈑烊侴䩖劎䘬⍿䥖侭⌛ἧ䃉㱽㍸ὃ䈑岒ᶲ䘬⚆⟙炻ḇ㚫德忶䁢復䥖侭䥙⏲䘬㕡⺷Ἦἄ䁢⟙䫼ˤ 㬌⢾炻㛔婾㔯㬠䲵⛐Ḽᾳ⮷䭨ᶳ㍊妶䘬ㆸ婆媢婆炻嬻ㆹᾹ⼿ẍᶨ䩢 ⛇俛℞䣦㚫ᷕ䥖䈑㔯⊾䘬➢㛔㧋尴烉䥖䈑㔯⊾㗗⛇俛℞䣦㚫䓇㳣ᷕ䚠䔞慵天䘬ᶨ䑘炻㓞復䥖䘬埴䁢炻℟㚱⺢䩳Ṣ晃斄Ὢ炻⡆忚ねデㆾ⸛〗䳃䇕䫱⣂慵䘬≇傥ˤ㓞復䥖䈑㗗嬻暁㕡悥Ḻよ䘬冱≽烊復䥖侭⽭枰⮲慵⍿䥖.

(15) ⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆ᷕ䘬䥖䈑ġ 69. 侭䘬⮲♜炻㓞䥖侭⽭枰㍉⍾怑䔞䘬⚆ㅱˤ⮵⛇俛℞ṢἮ婒䥖䈑䘬✳ンḇ ᶵ旸㕤屉䈑䘬Ṍ㎃炻ねデ䘬Ẁ↢冯䃉䥩䘬⮵⼭ḇ㗗ᶨ䧖岰冯炻㇨ẍ䥖䈑䘬⮎晃₡ῤᶵ㗗㚨慵天䘬堉慷⚈䳈ˤ ⯙⬿㔁Ⰼ朊侴妨炻㶙⍿Ẳ㕗嗕⼙枧䘬⛇俛℞Ṣ䁢Ḯ⮎嶸䛇ᷣ旧㉱䘬妻䣢炻德忶ˬḺ岰䥖䈑˭冯ˬ䴎冯˭Ἦ䳗䧵┬埴烊⛐㬌↢䘤溆ᷳᶳ䘬䥖䈑Ṍ㎃炻天㯪䘬ᶵ㗗䎦ᶾ䘬⚆⟙ˤ㑩㚱䴎冯ˣẀ↢䘬傥≃㗗䛇ᷣ旧㉱䘬】岄炻傥⣈㈲忁ấ】岄冯Ṣ↮ṓ᷎ᶼㄟㄐ⼭Ṣ侭炻㚫⍿⇘䣦佌攻㘖念䘬 ⮲ⲯ冯㔔慵ˤ 䃞侴炻䣦㚫嬲怟ḇ⼙枧Ḯ⛇俛℞Ṣ㓞復䥖⁛䴙䘬⏰䎦ˤㆹᾹ䚳⇘⇑ ⶙ᷳ⽫冯⇑䙲奺徸炻嬻䥖䈑Ṍ㎃䓊䓇⁷㗗庫慷⛘ỵˣ屬屪䫱⺲䪗烊ⶏ⥁ ⛘↮彐冯⁛忼復䥖䘬≽㨇炻㕡傥䵕㊩Ẍ復䥖侭冯㓞䥖侭悥傥㍍⍿䘬⸛堉溆ˤ.

(16) 70ġ 㔯⊾崲䓴炽䫔ᶨ⌟炽䫔ᶫ㛇炽2012 ⸜ 3 㚰. ⺽䓐㚠䚖 Akçataú, Ahmet. “A Study on Antonymous Relations in Turkey Turkish Proverbs and Idioms.” Turkish Studies 6. 1 (2011): 311-22. Aksan, Do÷an. Anadilimizin Söz Denizinde. Ankara: Bilgi YayÕnevi, 2002. Aksoy, Ömer AsÕm. Atasözleri ve Deyimler Sözlü÷ü. 7. baskÕ. 2 cilt. østanbul: ønkÕlâp Kitabevi, 1988. Aktaú, Ayfer. “KarúÕlaútÕrmalÕ Dilbilim AçÕsÕndan Türkçe ve Almanca Deyimlerde KadÕn.” Bir Bilim Kategorisi Olarak “KadÕn” UluslararasÕ Sempozyumu Bildiri KitabÕ. Eskiúehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi E÷itim Fakültesi, 2008. 31-37. Altun, Mustafa. “Türk Atasözleri Üzerine Sentaktik Bir ønceleme.” Akademik AraútÕrmalar Dergisi 6. 21 (2004): 79-91. Berking, Helmuth. Schenken: Zur Anthropologie des Gebens. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 1996. Canan, øbrahim. Kütüb-i Sitte Tercüme ve ùerhi. Cilt 16. Ankara: Akça÷ YayÕnlarÕ. Eriúim: 7 ùubat 2012. <http://www.darulkitap.com/oku/hadis/hadis-kitaplari/kutubisitte/inde xana.htm> Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Natural Abundance: Ralph Waldo Emerson's Guide to Prosterity. Ed. Ruth L. Miller. Atria Books, 2011. Eyübo÷lu, E. Kemal. On Üçüncü YüzyÕldan Günümüze Kadar ùiirde ve Halk Dilinde Atasözleri ve Deyimler. 2 cilt. østanbul: Do÷an Kardeú MatbaacÕlÕk Sanayii, 1973-75. Gürsoy-Naskali, Emine. Giriú. Hediye KitabÕ. Gürsoy-Naskali ve Aylin Koç (editör). østanbul: Kitabevi YayÕnlarÕ, 2007. xi-xiv. Karaba÷, ømran ve Leyla Coúan. “Türkçedeki Gönül, Kalp ve Yürek Kelimeleriyle ølgili Atasözleri ve Deyimler ve BunlarÕn Almancadaki KarúÕlÕklarÕ.” Dil Dergisi 96 (2000): 5-29..

(17) ⛇俛℞ㆸ婆冯媢婆ᷕ䘬䥖䈑ġ 71. Özdemir, Nebi. “Türk Hediyeleúme Gelene÷i ve Medya.” UluslararasÕ Sosyal AraútÕrmalar Dergisi 1. 4 (2008): 467-80. Özkan, øbrahim. “Türk Atasözlerinde Yinelemeler.” Turkish Studies 6. 1 (2011): 1649-56. ParlatÕr, øsmail. Atasözleri. Ankara: YargÕ YayÕnevi, 2008. ---. Deyimler. Ankara: YargÕ YayÕnevi, 2008. Sa÷lam, Musa Yaúar. “Atasözleri ve Deyimlerde ømgelem.” Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 18. 1 (2001): 45-51. ùinasi. Durûb-Õ Emsâl-i Osmâniyye. 1884. ùinasi: Bütün Eserleri. Haz: øsmail ParlatÕr, Nurullah Çetin. Ankara: Ekin Kitabevi. 2005. 177-358. TaúkÕn, Ahmet. “Hukukta Hediye.” Hediye KitabÕ. Emine Gürsoy Naskali, Aylin Koç (Editör). østanbul: Kitabevi YayÕnlarÕ, 2007. 143-156. Templeton, John. Wisdom from World Religions Pathways Toward Heavan on Earth. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press, 2002. Tezcan, Mahmut. “Folklorik ve Antropolojik Yönleriyle Hediye Gelene÷i ve Türk Kültüründeki Yeri.” Ankara Üniversitesi E÷itim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 22.1(1989): 29-36. 㚦嗕晭ˤ˨⛇俛℞㔯ᷕẲ㕗嗕㔯⊾䘬ㄋ䓐婆烉ẍ冯ˬ⬱㉱˭(Allah) 㚱斄 ᷳ娆婆䁢ἳ˩ˤ˪Ẳ㕗嗕㔯㖶冯䎦ẋ⿏˫ˤ⎘⊿烉ᷕ厗㮹⚳旧㉱ỗ 㔯⊾䴻㾇⋼㚫炻2007ˤ11-32ˤ.

(18) 72ġ 㔯⊾崲䓴炽䫔ᶨ⌟炽䫔ᶫ㛇炽2012 ⸜ 3 㚰.

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