以結構化觀察法解析混成教學與網路教學對學生之學習成效與問題解決能力之影響

а่ᄬϯᢀჸݤှ݋షԋ௲Ꮲᆶᆛၡ௲Ꮲ

ჹᏢғϐᏢಞԋਏᆶୢᚒှ،ૈΚϐቹៜ

ഋԃᑫ ယ☰᝴ ݅Ғ௵

୯ҥύξεᏢၗૻᆅ౛س܌ ୯ҥύξεᏢၗૻᆅ౛س܌ ᔂܿࣽמεᏢၗૻᆅ౛س

nschen@cc.nsysu.edu.tw m934020031@student.nsysu.edu.tw linmin@mail.ltu.edu.tw

ᄔा ᆛሞᆛၡᆶၗૻࣽמޑጲࠁว৖ჹ௲ػࠠᄊ ஥ٰΑࡐεޑፂᔐǴᏤठᆛၡ௲Ꮲޑᑫ౰Ǵҭ஥๏ ໺಍௲Ꮲ΋٤ᡂॠǴ΋ᅿཥޑషԋ௲ᏢБԄӢᔈԶ ғǶҁࣴزԑӧ௖૸షԋ௲Ꮲᆶપᆛၡ௲ᏢԜٿᅿ όӕ௲ᏢኳԄΠǴᏢ঩ϐᏢಞԋਏᆶय़ჹୢᚒϐӣ ᔈှ،ૈΚࢂցԖ܌ৡ౦٠КၨځᡂϯǶҁࣴزа ୖуύξᆛၡεᏢȨीᆉᐒᆛၡᆶᆛሞᆛၡȩፐำ ޑᏢ঩ࣁࣴزჹຝǴϩԋપᆛၡ௲ᏢϷషԋ௲Ꮲٿ ੤Ƕ೸ၸ಍ीϩ݋ᆶ SOLO ϩᜪݤ(Structured Observation of Learning Outcomes taxonomy)ϩ݋ ၗ਑Ƕࣴز่݀ᡉҢǴٿᅿ௲ᏢኳԄޑᏢಞԋਏ೿ όᒱǴՠӧᏢಞԋਏޑ຾؁΢คᡉ๱ৡ౦ǹԶٿᅿ ௲ᏢБԄΠᏢ঩ჹୢᚒϐӣᔈှ،ૈΚޑᡂϯ΢ Ԗ܌ৡ౦Ƕҁࣴزаϕ୏БԄޑৡ౦ǵޗ཮ᖏ൑ག ޑׯᡂϷԾך௓ڋ៾ޑᡂϯǴ௖૸ٿᅿ௲ᏢБԄ ΠǴᏢ঩ӧୢᚒӣᔈှ،ૈΚ΢ځᡂϯԖ܌ৡ౦ϐ চӢǶԜѦࣴزҭว౜ӧપᆛၡ௲ᏢύǴӵς࿶Ꭶ ԋᐱҥ΢ᆛᏢಞಞᄍޣǴԜᅿୃԾךᏤӛޑᏢಞБ ԄǴஒԖշܭᏢғୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ૈΚϐว৖Ƕന ࡕ٠ჹ௲ػᏢޣᆶ࣬ᜢൂՏаϷ҂ٰࣴزБӛග рࡌ᝼Ƕ ᜢᗖӷǺSOLO ϩᜪݤǵషԋ௲Ꮲǵୢᚒှ،ૈΚǵ ޗ཮ᖏ൑གǶ

1.

ᆣፕ

ᒿ๱ႝတࣽמᆶᆛၡޑදϷǴຫٰຫӭΓ೸ၸ ᆛၡٰ຾ՉᏢಞǴԶᆛၡᏢಞޑ೚ӭᓬ༈ࢂεৎԖ ҞӅ࿏ޑǴٯӵǺёаόज़ਔ໔ǵӦᗺǴૈ࣪ѐҬ ೯۳߇ޑਔ໔ᆶԋҁǴЪёаख़ፄ᠋ᖱǴ΢ፐ຾ࡋ ёᒿԾρޑሡ؃ᆶਔ໔ԾҗፓଛȐഋԃᑫǴ݅Ғ ௵Ǵ2001ȑǶჹᏢғԶقǴᆛၡ௲Ꮲό໻ࢂᅿᏢಞ БԄޑׯᡂǴ׳ࢂ΋ᅿཥޑᏢಞڂጄǶჹܭ௲Ꮲޣ ԶقǴᆛၡ௲Ꮲ೭ᅿ຀ᔕ௲࠻ޑр౜Ǵόൂѝࢂќ ΋ᅿཥޑ௲ᏢБԄǴ׳ёૈׯᡂΑଯ฻௲ػޑҁ፦ ᆶ่ᄬ(HiltzǴ1994)ǶЪ߈ԃٰҗܭᆛၡ௲Ꮲޑද ϷǴ΋ᅿཥޑ௲ᏢБԄӢᔈԶғǴջࢂషԋ௲Ꮲ Ȑ Blended instruction ȑ Ƕ ష ԋ 㯍 Ꮲ Ȑ Blended instructionȑࢂ่ӝ໺಍य़ჹय़௲Ꮲᆶᆛၡ௲Ꮲޑ БԄȐOsguthorpe & Graham, 2003ǹSingh, 2003ȑǶ

ीჄጓဦ:NSC93-2524-S-110-002 ԜѦǴҗܭᆛሞᆛၡϷӭ൞ᡏޑᑫ౰Ǵࡐӭࣴزၮ Ҕႝတ຀ᔕޜ໔ගٮୢᚒ௃ნᆶଷ೛ᡍ᛾ޑୢᚒ ှ،ᐕำǴߦ຾ᏢಞޣᏢಞඓඝှ،ୢᚒޑᜢᗖǴ аගܹୢᚒှ،ޑԋਏȐഋܴྑǴ2003ȑǶ ୢᚒှ،ૈΚޑ୻Ꭶჹ؂΋ঁޕ᛽ሦୱޑᏢ ಞԶقǴ೿ࢂനख़ाޑ௲ػҞ኱ϐ΋Ƕ௖૸Ꮲಞԋ ਏᆶୢᚒှ،ૈΚࢂ೚ӭࣴزȐAbraugh, 2000aǹ Hong,2002ǹഋԃᑫǵ݅Ғ௵, 2002ǹഋܴྑǴ2003ȑ ޑख़ᗺǴࡐӭᏢޣЬ஭ᙖҗࣽמޑᇶշёаගϲᏢ ғޑᏢಞԋਏᆶୢᚒ،ૈΚȐAlavi, 1994ǹ Maki, Maki, Patterson & Whittaker, 2000ȑǶ೚ӭࣴزΨࡰ р ௲ Ꮲ Б ݤ ࢂ ቹ ៜ Ꮲ ঩ Ꮲ ಞ ԋ ਏ ޑ ख़ ा ᡂ ኧ ȐBiggs,1978ǹPiccoli, Ahmad & Ives ,2001ǹWebster & Hackley, 1997ȑǴӢԜၸѐԖ೚ӭࣴزଞჹ໺಍ ௲ Ꮲ ᆶ ᆛ ၡ ௲ Ꮲ ޑ Ꮲ ಞ ่ ݀ ᆶ Չ ࣁ ଺ К ၨ ȐAbraugh, 2000bǹPiccoli et al., 2001ǹ Spiceland & Hawkins, 2002ȑǶ߈ԃٰ໒ۈԖࣴزޣ๱Ꮐܭషԋ ௲ᏢϐࣴزȐBunderson,2003ǹSingh,2003ǹIrons, Keel, & Bielema,2002ȑǶ

ҁࣴزஒа໺಍य़ჹय़௲Ꮲᆶપᆛၡ௲Ꮲٿ ޣ٠ख़ޑషԋ௲ᏢБԄǴᙖҗჴ᛾௖زషԋ௲Ꮲޑ ᏢಞԋਏǴаϷԋ঩ჹܭୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ޑૈΚǴ ٠຾΋؁ၟપᆛၡ௲Ꮲ଺КၨǶӢԜǴҁࣴزϐҞ ޑԖΟঁǺಃ΋ࢂа࠼ᢀޑБԄٰᑽໆӄᡏᏢғӧ Ꮲಞ߻ᆶᏢಞࡕϐᏢಞԋਏࢂցԖৡ౦ǶಃΒࢂ௖ ૸ӧપᆛၡ௲Ꮲᆶషԋ௲ᏢኳԄΠ຾ՉᏢಞޑᏢ ғځᏢಞԋਏࢂցԖৡ౦ǶಃΟࢂ೸ၸ SOLO ϩ ᜪݤ௖૸όӕᏢಞኳԄΠǴᏢғӧय़ჹୢᚒ଺рӣ ᔈᆶှ،ୢᚒޑૈΚ΢ࢂցԖৡ౦ǶԜჴ᛾่݀ନ Αёа࣮рషԋ௲ᏢϐᏢಞԋਏǴаගٮ΋ঁ௲Ꮲ ޣᔠຎ௲Ꮲࠔ፦ᆶׯ຾ޑୖԵǴҭёΑှόӕ௲Ꮲ БԄჹᏢ঩Ꮲಞԋਏᆶୢᚒӣᔈှ،ૈΚޑቹៜǶ

2.

Ў᝘௖૸

2.1 ୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ޑૈΚ ӧךॺှ،ୢᚒޑၸำύǴёаว౜ΓԖόӕ य़ჹୢᚒޑᄊࡋᆶӣᔈǵόӕೀ౛ୢᚒޑኳԄᆶό ӕᇸख़጗࡚ޑຑᘐǴӧೀ౛ୢᚒਔ൩ԖΑૈΚޑৡ ౦Ƕऩࢂךॺעೀ౛Ӛᅿୢᚒ܌ሡၮҔޑૈΚ಍ӝ ଆٰԵໆǴჴሞ΢൩хࡴ܌ԖޑૈΚ(Ѭёૈѝࢂ ܌ԖૈΚύޑ΋೽ҽǴԶӆ፟ϒ΋ঁ᏾ӝ܄ޑӜ ᆀ)ǴԜᅿૈΚࣁୢᚒှ،ޑૈΚȐproblem solving

abilityȑȐ໳पӧǵഋЎڂǴ2003ȑǶD'Zurilla &Goldfried(1971)ፕॊǺȨୢᚒှ،Ώ߯΋ᅿՉࣁ ᐕำǴঁᡏӧԜ΋ᐕำύ൨؃ӚᅿёҔٰೀ౛ୢᚒ ޑϸᔈǴ٠ӧ೭٤ϸᔈύᒧ᏷നԖਏޑ೼৩Ǵරှ ،ୢᚒ௢຾ȩǶKahney (1986)ࡰрନΑϝаᇡޕޑ Ј౛ࢲ୏ၸำٰࣚۓȨୢᚒှ،ȩϐѦǴ੝ձගϷ ௃ნޑज़ڋచҹǹȨୢᚒှ،ࢂঁᡏӧ௃ნޑሡ؃ ΠǴճҔςᏢၸޑޕ᛽ǵמૈǴᕇठှเޑၸำȩǶ ҁࣴزϐȨीᆉᐒᆛၡᆶᆛሞᆛၡȩፐำϐҞ ޑǴࢂ٬Ꮲಞޣૈ୼Αှႝတᆛၡޑ୷ҁཷۺᆶၮ բޑচ౛ǶԶךॺ຾΋؁೸ၸᢀჸӧપᆛၡ௲Ꮲᆶ షԋ௲ᏢኳԄΠޑᏢғǴځ߻ෳᆶࡕෳϐ SOLO ฻ભᡂϯǴᕕှၮҔႝတ຀ᔕޜ໔ගٮୢᚒ௃ნᆶ ଷ೛ᡍ᛾ޑୢᚒှ،ᐕำǴჹܭᏢಞޣӧीᆉᐒᆛ ሞᆛၡሦୱύϐୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ޑૈΚϐቹៜǶ 2.2 ่ᄬϯᢀჸݤ ่ᄬϯᢀჸݤᙁᆀ SOLO ϩᜪݤࢂҗ Bigg and Colliܭ 1982 ԃ܌ගрϐϩᜪݤǴଞჹόӕԃ សቫޑᏢғ຾Չ΋سӈޑୢᚒǴ٠ჹᏢғޑՉࣁӣ ᔈ຾Չ௖ჸǴϩ݋όӕԃសᏢғન፦ޑৡ౦Ǵஒ೭ ٤Ꮲғϩԋϖঁ฻ભǴځঁձ SOLO ฻ભϐ੝ቻ ӵ߄΋ǶSOLO ಃ΋฻ભޑ੝ቻࣁό཮ගрୢᚒǴ ѝ௦ҔϿໆޑԖਏၗૻǴЪ଺рό፾྽ޑᜢೱᆶග рό࣬ᜢޑፕᏵǹಃΒ฻ભޑ੝ቻࣁ໻ૈவൂ΋Т ࢤޑၗૻٰ଺рપ௶ॊ܄ޑӣᔈǹಃΟ฻ભޑ੝ቻ ࣁૈ٬ҔӭঁၗૻٰӣᔈЪૈ༼᏾ၗ਑Ǵՠคݤှ ញࣁϙሶ܈ࢂϙሶኬޑೱ่Ӹӧܭၗ਑໣ӝϐ ໔ǹಃѤ฻ભޑ੝ቻࣁ่ፕᆶ٬ҔޑԖਏၗ਑໔Ԗ ΋ठ܄ǴЪૈղձځύޑӢ݀ᜢ߯ǹಃϖ฻ભޑ੝ ቻࣁૈගрҁي܌གྷډޑଷ೛ᆶଷᇥǴ٠຾΋؁ჹ ၗૻ଺௢ፕǶ ߄΋ SOLO ϩᜪݤ

ၗ਑ٰྍǺLTDU – Leadership in Teaching җܭ SOLO ϩᜪݤࢂଞჹᏢғ຾Չ΋سӈޑ ୢᚒǴ٠ჹᏢғޑՉࣁӣᔈ຾Չ௖ჸǴ٩Ꮲғჹୢ ᚒޑӣᔈᆶှ،ૈΚஒᏢғϩԋϖঁ฻ભǴӢԜҁ ࣴز٬Ҕ SOLO ϩᜪݤ௖૸όӕᏢಞኳԄΠᏢғ ϐୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ޑૈΚǶҁࣴزӧჴᡍፐำύ೛ ी಄ӝ SOLO ۓကϐ߻ෳᆶࡕෳǴ٩ᏵᏢғเჹ ᚒҞа୔ϩᏢғ߻ෳᆶࡕෳϐ SOLO ฻ભǴ٠ᢀ ჸᏢғ߻ෳᆶࡕෳϐ SOLO ฻ભޑᡂϯǴаᕕှ όӕᏢಞኳԄჹᏢғୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ૈΚϐቹៜǶ 2.3 ޗ཮ᖏ൑ག ܌ᒏȨޗ཮ᖏ൑གȐSocial Presenceȑȩࢂ೸ၸ ٬Ҕ൞ϟޑ੝܄Ǵϸࢀрྎ೯ޣ྽ਔᆶځдΓྎ೯ ၸำύޑག᝺(Short, Williams, & Christie, 1976; Walther, 1992)Ƕޗ཮ᖏ൑ག౛ፕᇥܴΑΓᆶΓ೸ၸ ൞ϟ຾Չྎ೯ޑၸำύǴԖ࣬ჹၨϿޑᆅၰ܈ࢂБ ԄǴૈ୼ݙཀ܈ख़ຎځдୖᆶޣޑޗ཮ᖏ൑གǶ Short(1976) ว౜؂΋ᅿྎ೯൞ϟ೿Ԗځଯեόӕ ޑޗ཮ᖏ൑གǴЬाৡ౦ӧܭྎ೯൞ϟ܌ૈ܍ၩޑ ૻ৲ज़ڋǴЀځࢂߚᇟЎޑૻ৲ǴٯӵǺᖂॣᇟፓǵ ߄௃ǵЋ༈฻ަᡏ୏բǶ٩ޗ཮ᖏ൑ག౛ፕޑ୔ ϩǴय़ჹय़ޑྎ೯ૈ໺ၲၨӭߚᇟقૻ৲ǴٯӵǺ ަᡏ୏բǵ߄௃ǵॣፓǵᇟ਻฻Ǵځԛࢂቹॣྎ೯ǵ ᖂॣྎ೯(ႝ၉)ǴനࡕࢂճҔરҁЎҹǶӕਔ࣬ჹ ܭय़ჹय़ྎ೯БԄǴ΋٤ႝတϯޑ൞ϟ(ٯӵǺႝ ηແҹ)Кय़ჹय़ྎ೯БԄ໺ሀၨϿຎ᝺΢ᆶߚᇟ قޑၞຝ(cues)Ǵ܌аज़ڋΑޗ཮௃ག΢ޑྎ೯ (Rice ȿ Love, 1987)ǶࡕٰǴShort অ҅ځӃ߻ჹ Ȩޗ཮ᖏ൑གȩޑ࣮ݤǴᇡࣁȨޗ཮ᖏ൑གȩ٠ߚ ࢂ൞ϟޑ࠼ᢀ੝፦ǴԶࢂځЬᢀ੝፦ǴӢࣁȨޗ཮ ᖏ൑གȩԖᒘ٬ҔޣޑགޕǴ٬Ҕޣջ٬ڙډ໺ኞ πڀמೌ΢ޑज़ڋǴᗋࢂԖᐒ཮ѐঅ҅໺ኞՉࣁύ ޑȨޗ཮ᖏ൑གȩ(Short, 1976)Ƕ 2.4 ԾךᏤӛᏢಞ ໺಍а௲ৣᏤӛޑᏢಞࠠᄊǴᡉฅคݤଓᒿࣗ Կᔈᡂ҂ٰШࣚᐒ୏܄ޑว৖ǶӢԜǴᏢਠ௲ᏢѸ ໪ ࡘ Ե ӵ Ֆ ᑼ Ε Ծ ך Ꮴ ӛ Ꮲ ಞ Ξ ᆀ Ծ Ꮴ Ꮲ ಞ Ȑself-directed learningȑǴ٬Ꮲғૈ٩ᏵԾρҁيޑ ᑫ፪܈ሡाǴुۓᏢಞҞ኱ǴᔕۓᏢಞीฝǴ൨פ Ꮲಞၗྍ٠຾ՉᏢಞຑ᠘Ȑ৪ШྼǴ2003ȑǶԾך ᏤӛᏢಞࢂ΋ᅿԖਏޑᏢಞ฼ౣȐGonzalezǴ 1996ȑǶԾךᏤӛᏢಞࢂ΋ᅿԖΚޑ௲ػཷۺǴό ໻کঁΓޑЬ୏܄ԖᜢǴঁΓԾךᆅ౛ޑૈΚҭࢂ ख़ाᜢᗖϐ΋(Bagnall, 1987)Ƕ ໳ࡹണȐ1990ȑࡰрԾךᏤӛᏢಞࢂࡰᏢಞ ޣǴԾρЬ୏ӦೕჄǵ୺Չ௲ᏢीฝǴϷԾךຑ᠘ Ꮲಞ่݀ޑᏢಞБԄǴόၸᏢಞޣຼᎁϝᔈԖڐշ ӸӧǴӵ௲ৣǵᏤৣǵၗྍΓނǵϷӕႻǴѝࢂᏢ ಞՉࣁޑวғࢂЬ୏Զόࢂ೏୏ǶӢԜԾךᏤӛޑ ᏢಞБݤǴ߯΋ᅿᏢಞޣࣁᏤӛޑ௲Ꮲ฼ౣǴԖձ ܭ௲ৣᏤӛǴ௲ৣکᏢಞޣѸ໪ׯᡂ໺಍ޑفՅǴ ௲ৣࢂᏢಞޑߦ຾ޣǴᏢಞޣҁيωࢂፐำϣ৒ޑ ЬᏤޣǴᏱԖၨӭޑԾך௓ڋ៾Ƕ 3.

ࣴزБݤᆶ೛ी

ҁക࿯२ӃඔॊҁࣴزϐჹຝᆶᕉნǴԶࡕ຾ ΋؁ᇥܴၗ਑ϩ݋ᆶԏ໣ޑБݤǶ ಃ΋฻ભǺߚ่ᄬӣᔈ (Pre-structural responses) Ꮲғڗள೽ϩόೱೣၗૻǶ Ꮲғό཮ගрୢᚒǶ คచ౛Ǵค᏾ᡏᢀۺǶ ಃΒ฻ભǺൂ΋่ᄬӣᔈ (Uni-structural responses) ٬Ҕ೽ϩၗૻǶ ൂ΋Тࢤၗૻύ଺р௶ॊ܄ӣᔈǶ Ꮲғёаว౜ᙁൂǵᡉԶܰـޑᜢೱǶ คݤ᛾ܴᜢೱޑᡉ๱܄Ƕ ಃΟ฻ભǺӭख़่ᄬӣᔈ (Multi-structural responses) ӭঁТࢤၗૻύ଺рӣᔈǶ คݤှញၗ਑໣ӝ໔ޑᜢ߯ࣁՖǶ ಃѤ฻ભǺᜢᖄ܄ӣᔈ (Relational responses) ඓඝޑၗ਑଺่ፕǴ่ፕᆶၗ਑Ԗ΋ठ܄Ƕ ёှញၗ਑໔ޑᜢ߯ǴڀӢ݀ղᘐޑૈΚǶ ಃϖ฻ભǺۯ՜܄ܜຝϯӣᔈ (Extended-abstract responses) ගрଷ೛ᆶଷᇥǴᇆ໣ၗ਑຾Չ௢ᘐǶ ӣᔈόज़дΓගٮޑၗૻǴᏢғϣЈё़ғ ཥၗૻǶ

3.1 ࣴزჹຝᆶᕉნ ҁࣴزаύξᆛၡεᏢঅಞȨीᆉᐒᆛၡᆶᆛ ሞᆛၡȩፐำޑᏢ঩ࣁࣴزჹຝǶፐำ຾Չၸำ ύǴ٩Դৣ௤ፐБԄϩࣁٿဂಔǴ΋ဂಔ௦પᆛၡ ௲ᏢǴќ΋ဂಔ߾௦షԋ௲ᏢБԄǶٿဂಔ೿௦Ҕ ࣬ӕޑᆛၡ௲Ꮲس಍ѳѠǵ௲ࣽਜǵ௲Ꮲ຾ࡋǵ௲ ৣᆶշ௲ǵ΢ፐϣ৒ǵ΢ፐਔኧǵаϷຑໆБԄǵ ϣ৒ᆶଛϩǶ પᆛၡ௲ᏢБԄǴӄ೽ፐำֹӄ೸ၸᆛၡೱԿ ύ ξ ᆛ ၡ ε Ꮲ ѳ Ѡ Ǵ ٠ ٬ Ҕ ӭ ൞ ᡏ ௲ ׷ ᆶ AnicamǵJoinnet ฻ᆛၡπڀǴୖᆶԴৣጕ΢ջਔ ௤ፐǴѝԖයύǵය҃ԵਔωሡाډᏢਠӼ௨ޑӦ ᗺୖуԵ၂ǶᏢғᒿਔёа೸ၸᆛၡೱԿύξᆛၡ εᏢѳѠǴᢀ࣮ӭ൞ᡏ௲׷ᆶፐำᒵቹᔞǹӧፐำ ૸ፕހύว߄࣮ݤᆶϩ٦ၗૻᆶЈளǹวଌ email ᖄᛠྎ೯ǴᆶԴৣᆶځдӕᏢ຾Չϕ୏Ƕషԋ௲Ꮲ БԄ߾௦߻Ϥຼӧ΋૓໺಍௲࠻य़ჹय़௤ፐǴࡕϤ ຼ௦પᆛၡ௲ᏢǴᏢ঩ёаӧৎ္܈ځдӦБ೸ၸ ᆛၡ΢ፐǴᆶપᆛၡ௲ᏢኳԄޑᏢғ࣬ӕǶ ҁࣴزࡕុаȨપᆛ੤ȩᆶȨషԋ੤ȩٰ߄Ң ٿᅿόӕޑ௲ᏢኳԄǶҗܭӧ຾Չٿҽෳᡍ၂ᚒ ਔǴԌନؒԖୖᆶ܈ࢂѝௗڙځύ΋ҽෳᡍϐᏢ ғǴჴሞԖਏኬҁኧࣁ 64 Γ(પᆛ੤ 38 ΓǴషԋ ੤ 26 Γ)Ƕ 3.2 ၗ਑ԏ໣ᆶϩ݋ ၗ਑ԏ໣ޑБԄࢂᡣୖᆶፐำϐᏢғ຾Չ߻ ෳᆶࡕෳǶ߻ෳࢂӧᏢය߃ፐำ໒ۈ߻຾ՉǴࡕෳ ࢂӧᏢය҃ፐำ่״ਔ຾ՉǶ߻ෳᆶࡕෳϐ຾ՉБ Ԅ೿௦ᆛၡ༤เޑБԄǴᏢ঩ѝૈ༤ቪ΋ԛЪس಍ Ծ୏ܭෳᡍीਔಖΑԾ୏ᛦҬǶҁࣴز߻ෳᆶࡕෳ ᚒҞϐᜤܰࡋ࣬ӕǴᚒҞЬा೿ࢂीᆉᐒᆛၡᆶᆛ ሞᆛၡ࣬ᜢޑޕ᛽ǴЪᚒҞ࿶җΒՏ஑཰Γ঩ຑ՗ ځԖਏ܄Ƕ߻ǵࡕෳ၂ᚒ೛ीࣣ಄ӝ SOLO ϩᜪ ݤϐۓကȐ၁ಒඔॊܭ 3.2 ၗ਑ԏ໣ᆶϩ݋ύȑǶ ҁࣴز೸ၸ߻ǵࡕෳᡍϩኧޑᡂϯ௃׎Ǵ௖؃ ٿ੤Ꮲಞԋਏᡂϯޑ௃׎Ƕӧຑ՗Ꮲғୢᚒӣᔈᆶ ှ،ૈΚБय़Ǵҁࣴزஒ߻ǵࡕෳᚒҞ٩Ᏽ SOLO ϩᜪޑϖঁ฻ભǴ೛ीϖᅿᜪࠠޑ၂ᚒϩձჹᔈό ӕ SOLO ฻ભǴճҔᏢғ߻ෳᆶࡕෳเჹόӕᜪ ࠠϐᚒҞኧǴୖԵ߄Ѥޑόֹӄ AND ݤ߾ϩᜪᏢ ғϐ SOLO ฻ભǴ೸ၸϩ݋ SOLO ฻ભޑᡂϯ௃ ׎Ǵ௖؃Ꮲғୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ૈΚޑᡂϯǶ ၁ӈόӕᜪࠠᚒҞޑཀကᆶղᘐ኱ྗǴ٠ᖐٯ ܭ߄ΟǶୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ૈΚϐၗ਑ϩ݋Бय़Ǵӧ SOLOϩᜪύǴಃ΋฻ભޑᏢғёаӣเࢌ΋ൂϡ Դৣම௲ၸ܈ࢂፐҁමр౜ޑୢᚒǴ܌аಃ΋฻ભ ޑᏢғёаඓඝ߻ෳᆶࡕෳޑ୷ᘵᚒǹಃΒ฻ભޑ ᏢғନΑёаӣเࢌ΋ൂϡම࿶ᏢၸޑୢᚒѦǴΨ ૈࡘԵᆶӣเၨుΕ܈ࢂั଺ᡂϯޑୢᚒǴջёඓ ඝ߻ෳᆶࡕෳޑ୷ᘵᚒᆶཷۺᚒǹಃΟ฻ભޑᏢғ ёаӣเᆕӝӭঁൂϡޑϣ৒ޑୢᚒǴϩ݋Кၨځ ໔ޑ౦ӕǴૈ୼ඓඝ߻ෳᆶࡕෳޑ୷ᘵᚒǵཷۺᚒ Ϸ຾໘ᚒǹಃѤ฻ભޑᏢғ߾ाჹፐำϣ৒Ԗӄ य़ǵֹ᏾܄ޑΑှǴ٠ёаӣเࡘԵǵղᘐ܄ޑୢ ᚒǴ܌аନΑ΢ॊޑ୷ᘵᚒǵཷۺᚒǵ຾໘ᚒѦǴ ᔈԖૈΚᔈб᏾ӝ܄ୢᚒǹಃϖ฻ભޑᏢғନΑჹ ፐำϣ৒Ԗӄय़ǵֹ᏾܄ޑΑှѦǴҭёעፐҁϷ ܌Ꮲၸޑޕ᛽ᔈҔډ౜ჴғࢲύǴ٠ёаගрୢᚒ ܈፦ᅪǴ܌аନΑ΢ॊޑᚒࠠѦǴᗋԖૈΚय़ჹᔈ ҔᚒǶ ߄Ο ෳᡍᚒҞჹᔈ SOLO ฻ભ ߄Ѥ όֹӄ AND ݤ߾ ղۓ SOLO ฻ભޑచҹ ჹᔈϐ SOLO ฻ભ ୷ ᘵ ᚒ เ ჹ ౗ ό ډ Ύ ԋ ܈ ୷ ᘵ ᚒ เ ჹ ౗ ຬ ၸ Ύ ԋ ՠ ཷ ۺ ᚒ เ ჹ ౗ ό ډ Ύ ԋ SOLO ಃ΋฻ભ ୷ ᘵ ᚒ เ ჹ ౗ ຬ ၸ Ύ ԋ Ъ ཷ ۺ ᚒ เ ჹ ౗ ຬ ၸ Ύ ԋ ՠ ຾ ໘ ᚒ เ ჹ ౗ ό ډ Ύ ԋ SOLO ಃΒ฻ભ ୷ ᘵ ᚒ ǵ ཷ ۺ ᚒ ᆶ ຾ ໘ ᚒ เ ჹ ౗ ໘ ຬ ၸ Ύ ԋ ՠ ᏾ ӝ ᚒ เ ჹ ౗ ό ډ Ύ ԋ SOLO ಃΟ฻ભ ୷ ᘵ ᚒ ǵ ཷ ۺ ᚒ ǵ ຾ ໘ ᚒ ᆶ ᏾ ӝ ᚒ เ ჹ ౗ ࣣ ຬ ၸ Ύ ԋ ՠ ᔈ Ҕ ᚒ เ ჹ ౗ ό ډ Ύ ԋ SOLO ಃѤ฻ભ ୷ ᘵ ᚒ ǵ ཷ ۺ ᚒ ǵ ຾ ໘ ᚒ ǵ ᏾ ӝ ᚒ ᆶ ᔈ Ҕ ᚒ เ ჹ ౗ ࣣ ຬ ၸ Ύ ԋ SOLO ಃϖ฻ભ ᚒҞ ᜪࠠ ᚒҞϣ৒ ղᘐᚒҞᜪࠠྗ߾Ǻ ᅪୢຒᆶ୏ຒ ٯᚒ ჹᔈϐ SOLO ฻ભ What is+Ӝຒ ୷ᘵᚒ ጄൎࣁӚൂϡ୷ҁϣ৒ǴᏢғჹୢᚒԖ୷ҁΑှǴ_{ಒЈբเǴջёளϩǴёڐշΑှᏢಞޑᆒዕࡋǶ} Misses point What is TCP? ಃ΋฻ભ What is+ᢀۺ

ཷۺᚒ ࣁӚൂϡၨుΕޑཷۺǴᏢғନΑჹϣ৒ᆶୢᚒԖ_{܌ΑှѦǴᗋሡಒЈࡘԵǴωёаளډเਢǶ IdentifyǵDo simple procedure} What do the routers do in _Internet? ಃΒ฻ભ

What is the (same/different) between…

຾໘ᚒ ಍ӝፐำϣ৒ύ࣬՟ǵ࣬ᜢ܈ࢂᏢғதҍޑᒱᇤǴаКၨ౦ӕ฻БԄаෳᡍᏢғჹፐำޑΑှำࡋǴ

ѝाᏢғᢀۺమཱǴջёளϩǶ Describe_{ǵListǵCombine}

List the same and the difference between TCP and UDP.

ಃΟ฻ભ

WhatǵWhyǵHow

᏾ӝᚒ Ꮲғाૈ᏾ӝፐำϣ৒ǴӕਔၮҔόӕൂϡύޑཷۺБૈှᚒѦǴᗋाૈΑှᢀۺ໔ޑᜢ߯Ǵჹፐำ ࡌҥ᏾ᡏǵӄय़ޑཷۺࢎᄬǶ

CompareǵContrastǵExplain causeǵ AnalyzeǵRelateǵApply

Explain the main purpose of

each layer in the OSI. ಃѤ฻ભ

What_ǵWhyǵHow

ᔈҔᚒ ᏢғନΑ᏾ӝፐำϣ৒ǴӕਔၮҔόӕൂϡޑཷۺ_{ѦǴᗋाᔈҔӧ౜ჴғࢲ΢Ǵ่ӝ౛ፕᆶჴ୍Ƕ} TheorizeǵGeneralizeǵHypothesizeǵ Reflect

What is the submask of IP_Ǻ

4.

ࣴزԋ݀

4.1 ٿ੤ϐᏢಞԋਏ җܭȨપᆛ੤ȩᆶȨషԋ੤ȩᏢғޑङඳڀԖ ৡ౦ǴӢԜሡाӃᕕှᏢғӧჴᡍፐำ຾Չ߻ځӃ ഢޕ᛽ࢂցڀԖᡉ๱ޑৡ౦Ǵӆ࣮࿶ၸᏢಞࡕǴځ ᏢಞԋਏࢂցԖৡ౦Ǵа௖૸όӕᏢಞኳԄჹᏢғ ᏢಞԋਏϐቹៜǶӢԜҁࣴز೸ၸ಍ीᔠۓБԄу аԵᡍǶ H1Ǻीᆉᐒᆛၡᆶᆛሞᆛၡȭፐำჴࡼ߻ǴȨપᆛ ੤ȩᆶȨషԋ੤ȩޑᏢғ߻ෳѳ֡ԋᕮคᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ પᆛ੤ᆶషԋ੤Ꮲғϐ߻ෳԋᕮӵ߄ϖǴ٠٬Ҕᐱ ҥ t ᔠۓǴᔠۓ่݀җܭ t=.085ǴPɨ.932 ёޕǴȨપ ᆛ੤ȩᆶȨషԋ੤ȩᏢғϐ߻ෳԋᕮคᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ ӢԜଷ೛΋ԋҥǴࣴز่݀ᡉҢપᆛ੤ᆶషԋ੤Ꮲ ғჹܭȬीᆉᐒᆛၡᆶᆛሞᆛၡȭፐำϐӃഢޕ᛽ คᡉ๱ৡ౦Ǵջٿ੤ᏢғԖ๱࣬ӕޑଆᗺՉࣁǶ ߄ϖ પᆛ੤/షԋ੤߻ǵࡕෳԋᕮϐѳ֡ኧǵ኱ྗৡᆶ኱ྗᇤ ੤ձ Ꮲಞԋਏ ѳ֡ኧ ኱ྗৡ ኱ྗᇤ ߻ෳ 52.21 14.55 2.36 પᆛ੤ 38Γ ࡕෳ 73.11 15.90 2.58 ߻ෳ 52.50 11.32 2.22 షԋ੤ 26Γ ࡕෳ 71.23 13.74 2.70 ࣁΑှપᆛ੤ᆶషԋ੤ᏢғᏢಞፐำࡕځᏢ ಞԋਏޑ຾؁௃׎Ǵҁࣴزஒ߻ෳᆶࡕෳԋᕮբ಍ ीᔠۓǴࣴزଷ೛ H2 ᆶ H3 ӵΠǶ H2Ǻપᆛ੤Ꮲғ߻ෳԋᕮᆶࡕෳԋᕮԖᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ H3Ǻషԋ੤Ꮲғ߻ෳԋᕮᆶࡕෳԋᕮԖᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ પᆛ੤ᆶషԋ੤ϐύ߻ෳᆶࡕෳၗ਑ӵ߄ϖ܌ ҢǶଞჹᏢғ௦ҔԋჹܜኬբᔠۓǴၗ਑ᡉҢપᆛ ੤Ȑt=-8.44ǴP=.000ȑᆶషԋ੤Ȑt=-6.47ǴP=.000ȑ ޑ߻ࡕෳ೿ၲډᡉ๱ৡ౦ޑНྗǴӢԜଷ೛Βᆶଷ ೛ΟԋҥǶҭջપᆛ੤ᆶషԋ੤Ꮲғϐ߻ෳԋᕮᆶ ࡕෳԋᕮ೿Ԗᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ ࣁᕕှપᆛ੤ᆶషԋ੤ᏢғځᏢಞԋਏࢂց Ԗ܌ৡ౦Ǵҁࣴزଞჹٿ੤Ꮲғ߻ࡕෳ຾؁ԋᕮ Ȑࡕෳ-߻ෳȑբ಍ीᔠۓǴගрࣴزଷ೛ѤӵΠǶ H4Ǻપᆛ੤ᆶషԋ੤Ꮲғϐ߻ࡕෳ຾؁ԋᕮԖᡉ ๱ৡ౦Ƕ પᆛ੤ᆶషԋ੤Ꮲғ߻ࡕෳ຾؁ԋᕮϐѳ֡ኧϩ ձࣁ 20.89ǵ18.73ǹ኱ྗৡϩձࣁ 15.26ǵ14.77Ǵ ٿ੤຾؁ޑ௃׎Ǵ࿶಍ी t ᔠۓว౜ٿ੤٠คᡉ๱ ৡ౦Ȑt=-.57ǴP>0.05ȑǴ ӢԜଷ೛ѤԋҥǴપᆛ ੤ᆶషԋ੤Ꮲғϐ߻ࡕෳ຾؁ԋᕮԖᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ ҁࣴزӧ௖૸ٿ੤ᏢғϐᏢಞԋਏว౜ǴȨપ ᆛ੤ȩᆶȨషԋ੤ȩᏢғǴፐำᏢಞࡕٿ੤Ꮲғϐ Ꮲಞԋਏ೿Ԗܴᡉ຾؁Ȑҗଷ೛ΒǵΟԋҥёޕȑǹ ՠٿ੤ϐ໔ޑᏢғᏢಞԋਏ຾؁൯ࡋ߾คᡉ๱ৡ ౦Ȑҗଷ೛ѤԋҥёޕȑǶ 4.2 ٿ੤ୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ૈΚϐКၨᆶᡂϯ ҁࣴزϩ݋Кၨٿᅿ੤ձᏢғځ߻ǵࡕෳޑ SOLO ฻ભϩթȐ߄ϤȑǴаΑှપᆛ੤ᆶషԋ੤ Ꮲғ࿶ၸፐำᏢಞࡕǴᏢғϐୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ޑૈ ΚࢂցԖᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕӧ߻ෳύว౜Ǵٿ੤ભޑᏢғ ځ SOLO ϩթЬा೿໣ύӧಃ΋ǵΒǵΟ฻ભǴ ځύа SOLO ಃ΋฻ભКٯനଯǶӧࡕෳύǴપ ᆛ੤ޑᏢғځ SOLO ϩթ໣ύӧಃѤǵϖ฻ભК ٯനଯǴځԛࣁ SOLO ಃ΋ǵΒ฻ભǴځύа SOLO ಃ΋฻ભКٯΠफ़ޑ൯ࡋനε(62.1ʘʈ16.2ʘ)Ǵ ځԛࢂӧ SOLO ಃϖ฻ભύᆶಃѤ฻ભϩձԋߏ 32.5ʘǵ21.6ʘǴ຾؁നࣁܴᡉǶషԋ੤ޑᏢғځ SOLOϩթ໣ύӧಃ΋ǵΟǵѤ฻ભКٯനଯǴځ ύа SOLO ಃ΋฻ભКٯΠफ़ޑ൯ࡋനε(70.4ʘ ʈ26ʘ)Ǵځԛࣁ SOLO ಃѤ฻ભύԋߏ 29.6ʘǴ ӧ SOLO ಃΟǵϖ฻ભύࣣԋߏ 11.1ʘǴ຾؁നࣁ ܴᡉǶךॺว౜όፕࢂӧપᆛၡ௲Ꮲ܈షԋ௲ᏢΠ ޑᏢғǴ࿶ၸᏢಞࡕǴᏢғ SOLO ฻ભගܹޑК ٯ࣬྽ଯǴԶЪࢂ΋ᅿၠຫ฻ભޑ຾؁Ǵځύа SOLOಃ΋฻ભޑᏢғǴࢂ຾؁നܴᡉǴԶಃΟǵ Ѥǵϖ฻ભԛϐǴӧԜӑ᛾Αᒿ๱Դৣ௲Ꮲਏ݀ຫ ӳǴӧԋᕮ΢ޑኧᏵᡉҢǴન፦ၨৡޑᏢғ຾؁൯ ࡋ཮Кન፦ၨӳޑᏢғٰޑε(JohnBiggsǴ1999)Ƕ ՠ೭٠όж߄ન፦ၨӳޑᏢғ܌Ꮲಞډޑޕ᛽К ન፦ԛϐޑᏢғৡǴѝࢂન፦ԛϐޑᏢғӧԋᕮБ य़ޑ຾؁ࢂᡉ๱ޑǶ ߄Ϥ પᆛ੤ၟషԋ੤ϐ SOLO ϩթ ࣁ௖૸પᆛ੤ᆶషԋ੤ᏢғፐำᏢಞࡕӧୢ ᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ޑૈΚ΢ࢂցԖৡ౦Ǵᢀჸٿ੤Ꮲғ ߻ෳᆶࡕෳϐ SOLO ϩթȐ߄ΎȑϷ SOLO ᡂϯ ંତȐ߄ΖȑǴว౜Πӈ੝ቻǺ 1.ࡕෳύǴપᆛ੤ޑᏢғӧ SOLO ಃ΋฻ભޑКٯ ၨషԋ੤ޑᏢғϿ 9.8ʘǶ 2.ࡕෳύǴપᆛ੤ޑᏢғ໣ύӧಃѤǵϖ฻ભǴ՞ 56.8ʘǹషԋ੤ޑᏢғ໣ύӧಃΟǵѤ฻ભǴ՞ 55.5ʘǶ 3.షԋ੤Ꮲғ߻ෳࣁ SOLO ಃ΋฻ભǴځࡕෳϝᆢ ࡭ӧ SOLO ಃ΋฻ભޑКٯ(26ʘ)ၨપᆛ੤ޑᏢ પᆛ੤ షԋ੤ ᕴᡏϩթ ੤ձ SOLO _{߻ෳ ࡕෳ ߻ෳ ࡕෳ ߻ෳ ࡕෳ} ಃ 1 ฻ભ 62.1 16.2 70.4 26.0 65.6 20.3 ಃ 2 ฻ભ 16.2 16.2 14.8 7.4 15.6 12.5 ಃ 3 ฻ભ 19 10.8 14.8 25.9 17.2 17.2 ಃ 4 ฻ભ 0 21.6 0 29.6 0 25 ಃ 5 ฻ભ 2.7 35.2 0 11.1 1.6 25 ᕴीȐʘȑ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

ғ(16.2ʘ)ٰளଯǶ 4.షԋ੤Ꮲғ߻ෳࣁ SOLO ಃ΋฻ભԶࡕෳ຾؁ ډ SOLO ಃΟǵѤ฻ભКٯϩձࣁ 14.8ʘǵ18.5 ʘǴКٯ߈՟પᆛ੤Ꮲғ߻ෳࣁ SOLO ಃ΋฻ભ Զࡕෳ຾؁ډ SOLO ಃѤǵϖ฻ભȐ10.8ʘǵ16.2 ʘȑǶ җа΢ޑၗ਑ёޕǴషԋ੤Ꮲғ߻ෳԖ 70.4 ʘឦܭ SOLO ಃ΋฻ભǴӧࡕෳύǴϝԖ 26ʘޑ Ꮲғᆢ࡭ӧ SOLO ಃ΋฻ભޑ౜ຝǴ௢ෳচӢё ૈҗܭషԋ੤ޑᏢғǴӧჴᡍፐำ߻ъයಞᄍ೸ၸ ჴᡏኳԄ຾Չྎ೯ǴයύԵࡕ߾ᙯඤࣁᆛၡБԄ຾ ՉፐำǴ೭ᅿவჴᡏϕ୏ᙯᡂډᆛၡϕ୏ޑޗ཮ᖏ ൑གׯᡂǴᏢғሡाԖ΋ࢤ፾ᔈයǴନΑሡዕ஼ᆛ ε㯍Ꮲس಍ѳѠǴᎦԋ΢ᆛᐱҥᏢಞޑಞᄍѦǴҗ ܭᏢಞ௓ڋ៾ቚӭǴᏢғ໪ाԖၨமޑঁΓԾךᆅ ౛ૈΚǴӆу΢ϕ୏ྎ೯БԄޑׯᡂǴ೿ёૈౢғ ፾ᔈόؼޑୢᚒǶԖࣴزҭࡰрӧપᆛၡ௲Ꮲύޑ Ꮲ঩ӧৎ᠋ፐத཮ڙډځдӢન܌υᘋǴЪ৒ܰౢ ғආ܄(݅Ғ௵ǵഋԃᑫǴ2002)Ƕ೭ᅿᅿޑӢન೿ ёૈࢂቹៜᏢғୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ૈΚޑว৖ǶԶપ ᆛ੤ύǴӵς࿶Ꭶԋᐱҥ΢ᆛᏢಞϐಞᄍޣǴԾך ᏤӛޑᏢಞБԄஒԖշܭୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ૈΚϐ ว৖Ƕ ߄Ύ પᆛ੤Ꮲғ SOLO ᡂϯંତ SOLO฻ભϩѲ ࡕෳ ߻ෳ 1 2 3 4 5 _Γኧ 1 26.0 7.4 14.8 18.5 3.7 70.4 2 0 0 7.4 3.7 3.7 14.8 3 0 0 3.7 7.4 3.7 14.8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 SOLO ฻ભ ϩѲ ʘ 26.0 7.4 25.9 29.6 11.1 100.0 ߄Ζ షԋ੤Ꮲғ SOLO ᡂϯંତ

5.

่ፕ

ҁࣴز೸ၸϩ݋߻ǵࡕෳᡍϐ่݀ǴᡉҢપᆛ ੤ၟషԋ੤ϐᏢಞԋਏ೿όᒱǶપᆛ੤ၟషԋ੤೿ Ԗᡉ๱ޑ຾؁ǴԶٿ੤ޑ຾؁௃׎٠คᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ җԜ่݀ᡉҢǴନΑӆԛޭۓપᆛၡ௲ᏢޑᏢಞԋ ਏѦǴࡌ᝼ࡕុ௲Ꮲޣё჋၂௦Ҕషԋ௲ᏢԜ΋ཥ ޑ௲ᏢБԄ຾Չ௲ᏢǶԜѦǴҁࣴز௦Ҕ SOLO ϩᜪݤǴ௖૸Ꮲғୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ޑૈΚǴว౜ష ԋ੤ᆶપᆛ੤Ꮲғϐୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ૈΚӸԖৡ ౦Ǵ௖૸ځύёૈޑচӢёૈٰԾΟБय़Ǻ 1.යύԵၸࡕǴషԋ੤ᏢғୖᆶፐำޑБԄׯᡂǴ җܭٿᅿ΢ፐБԄޑϕ୏БԄޑόӕǴషԋ੤Ꮲ ғሡाਔ໔፾ᔈᆛၡ΢ፐޑፐำϕ୏БԄǶ 2.షԋ੤Ꮲғ೸ၸჴᡏ΢ፐᆶ೸ၸᆛၡ΢ፐ܌ག ڙޑޗ཮ᖏ൑གόӕǴፐำ຾Չύޗ཮ᖏ൑གޑ ׯᡂǴჹᏢғޑᏢಞౢғቹៜǶ 3.షԋ੤Ꮲғׯаᆛၡ΢ፐନΑሡዕ஼ᆛε㯍Ꮲ س಍ѳѠǴᎦԋ΢ᆛᐱҥᏢಞޑಞᄍѦǴ׳ख़ा ޑࢂǴҗܭᏢғޑᏢಞ௓ڋ៾ቚӭǴᏢғ׳ሡा ୻ᎦঁΓԾךᆅ౛ૈΚǴ೭ᅿૈΚӧ໺಍य़ჹय़ ΢ፐБԄύࢂၨό೏ख़ຎޑǶ ԿܭࣁՖޗ཮ᖏ൑གǵϕ୏БԄаϷԾך௓ڋ ៾ޑׯᡂ཮೷ԋୢᚒӣᔈᆶှ،ૈΚޑׯᡂǴॶள ךॺ׳຾΋㢼ుΕ௖૸Ƕ җҁࣴزёޕǴᏢಞၸำύ௲ᏢБԄޑׯᡂ܌ ஥ٰޑճᆶᄄǴࢂॶள௲ᏢޣుࡘǶ܌аࡌ᝼௲ৣ ӧፐำ຾Չ߻ǴᔈԵቾӵՖճҔࣽמٰᇶշᏢғ຾ ՉᏢಞǴᒧ᏷፾ӝᏢғ੝܄ޑ௲ᏢБԄᆶ฼ౣٰЇ ᏤᏢғᏢಞǴӵటԖ܌ᙯᡂΨѸ໪๏ᆶ፾྽ޑᇶ ᏤǴаᔅշᏢғ፾ᔈཥޑ௲ᏢБԄǴᡣׯᡂ܌೷ԋ ޑॄय़ቹៜफ़ډനեǴБёԖਏၲԋ௲Ꮲ೛ीޑႣ යҞ኱Ƕ җܭҁࣴزѝ೸ၸ߻ǵࡕෳᡍٰຑ՗Ꮲಞԋ ਏǴౣᡉόىǴࡌ᝼ࡕុࣴزᔈ௦ӭϡຑໆБԄǴ а؃׳ӄय़ޑΑှᏢಞޑ຾؁௃׎ǹԜѦǴӧ҂ٰ ࣴزБय़ǴନΑёаଞჹషԋ௲ᏢჹᏢಞԋਏ܌ౢ ғޑׯᡂ຾ՉుΕ௖زѦǹৣғӕᏆϕ୏БԄǴҗ ჴᡏϕ୏ډᆛၡϕ୏Ǵޗ཮ᖏ൑གǵྎ೯ϕ୏Б ԄǵԾך௓ڋ៾ޑׯᡂǴ೭٤Ӣન܌೷ԋޑቹៜࢂ ց཮ၟᏢғޑ੝፦ǵ௲ᏢࣽҞ܄፦܈௲ৣ௲ᏢБԄ Ԗ܌ᜢᖄǴॶளࡕុࣴزᝩុ௖૸Ƕ ठᖴǺҁࣴزҗ୯ࣽ཮ीฝዛշǶӜᆀࣁǺ಄ ӝ SCORM ኱ྗޑӃ຾ኧՏᏢಞس಍ϐࣴزɡӃ ຾፾܄ϯᆛၡಞѳѠϐ໒วᆶᔈҔǶीฝጓဦǺ NSC93-2524-S-110-002Ƕ

6.

ୖԵЎ᝘

[1] ݅Ғ௵ǵഋԃᑫǶ2002ǶᆛၡεᏢᏢಞୢᚒ ௖૸ Ƕႝη୘୍ᏢൔǴ। 66-86Ƕ [2] ৪ШྼǶ2003ǶԾᏤᏢಞڗӛϐᏢಞفပೕ ჄࣴزǶᆵчѱҥৣጄᏢଣᏢൔǴಃ 34 යǴ । 21-40Ƕ [3] ഋԃᑫǵ݅Ғ௵Ƕ2001ǶᆛၡᏢಞϐᏢಞՉ ࣁᆶᏢಞԋਏϩ݋ǶಃΜΒۛ୯ሞၗૻᆅ౛ Ꮲೌࣴ૸཮Ƕ [4] ഋܴྑǶ2003Ƕᆛሞᆛၡᆶୢᚒှ،ᏢಞǶ Ѡε௲ᆶᏢයтႝηൔǶ [5] ໳पӧǵഋЎڂǶ2003Ƕୢᚒှ،ૈΚǶԾ ฅᆶғࢲࣽמᏢಞሦୱ௲ᏢၗྍύЈǶ [6] ໳ࡹണǶ1990Ƕፐำຑ᠘ȐӆހȑǶѠчѱǺ SOLO_{฻ભϩѲ ࡕෳ} ߻ෳ 1 2 3 4 5 Γኧ 1 16.2 10.8 8.1 10.8 16.2 62.1 2 0 2.7 2.7 8.1 2.7 16.2 3 0 2.7 0 2.7 13.6 19 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 2.7 2.7 SOLO ฻ભ ϩѲ ʘ 16.2 16.2 10.8 21.6 35.2 100.0

ৣεৣलǶ

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