試題第 1 頁
高雄醫學大學 101 學年度 研究所 招生考試
考試科目: 英文
I. Vocabulary: Choose the answer that best matches the meaning of each bold word or phrase (20%) 1. Fungal spores, lighter and smaller than all plant seeds, are mainly dispersed from their parent by wind.
A. spread widely B. delivered C. made more stable D. collected
2. The devastating earthquake and tsunami in Fukushima ruined most of the buildings there and killed thousands of lives. A. foreboding B. damaging and harmful C. bitter D. intimidating
3. The philosophy of Barack Obama’s foreign policy has been postulated as “The Obama Doctrine” for the principles it advocates.
A. disputed B. dismissed C. assumed D. scorned
4. Debates have been stirred on whether inmates should become the integral part of the social workforce. A. constituent B. honest C. extrinsic D. outward
5. A mistake that was inadvertently made by the clerk has cost him his job. A. intentionally B. deliberately C. carefully D. accidentally
6. It is mandatory that all students, regardless of degree program, take at least five core courses offered by the university. A. compulsory B. optional C. elective D. voluntarily
7. The Bumrungrad Hospital, one of the leading international hospitals in the world, is known for treating patients with state-of-the-art technology.
A. very expensive B. the most advanced C. fashionable D. national treasure
8. Clinicians argue that rigorous scientific research is not necessary on alternative medicine, but researchers think otherwise. A. powerful and forceful B. scrupulously accurate C. lenient D. strenuous
9. Under optimal temperature and growth conditions, certain bacteria can have a generation of 15-20 minutes. A. unfavorable B. adverse C. ideal D. disagreeable
10. The word “Linsanity” is now in most NBA fan’s vernacular as a result of Jeremy Lin’s stunning breakout performance in these past few weeks.
A. collection B. everyday language C. souvenir D. password
II. Sentence Completion: Choose the word that best completes the sentence (10%) 11. Mary is ______ and would never want to be closed in a small room or space.
A. xenophobic B. homophobic C. acrophobic D. claustrophobic
12. Studies show that ______ children are at high risk for a number of conditions, including overweight, high blood pressure and high cholesterol.
A. slim B. anorexic C. obese D. malnourished
13. The ways web-based social media impact our lives are rather different from the ways traditional media do, the most notable being that social media allow communication to become more ______.
A. interactive B. hyperactive C. stagnant D. torpid
14. According to the International Labor Organization, the recent economic decline is likely to increase the unemployment rate for women as well as to make gender _______ in economic policies more visible.
A. equality B. discrepancy C. disparity D. similarity
15. Children with disabilities are discriminated against and treated as burden mainly due to ______ understanding by society and a lack of social supports.
A. sufficient B. ample C. disinterested D. inadequate
III. Written Expression: Identify the underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct (14%)
16. My (A) strong experience, (B) good training, and (C) am a hard worker (D) qualify me for this position.
17. In (A) recent years, some educators argue that it is better for undergraduate students (B) to focus on only one or two subjects than to study a (C) diversified range of different (D) subject.
18. The furniture and refrigerator were (A) delivered (B) promptly to my home, but they were not the style I (C) ordered, and the (D) price was not right either.
試題第 2 頁
19. The saltwater (A) crocodile, the largest of all living (B) reptiles, can travel long (C) distances at sea and is capable of killing any animal that (D) enter its territory.
20. If you are (A) assigned a specific topic for a research paper, you can begin (B) by going to the library to look for (C)informations that (D) is relevant to the topic.
21. According to scientists, if a woman’s waist is 70 percent as wide as her (A) hips, she (B) viewed as attractive by most men because the evolution of the brain (C) associates this body figure (D) with fertility.
22. Even though some companies view bribery (A) as illegal, (B) other tolerate it because it is a good way to speed up the (C) completion of a deal and (D) prevent harassment.
IV. Cloze Test: Choose the best answer for each missing word or phrase in the following passages (20%)
On the day of Taiwan's presidential election, hundreds of millions of ethnic Chinese worldwide watched the ballot count on TV and the Internet. Taiwan is the sole ethnic Chinese society (23) a second democratic turnover of power. Ethnic Chinese communities around the world (24) their hopes on this crucial political experiment. By succeeding, we can make
unparalleled contributions to the democratic development of all ethnic Chinese communities. This responsibility is (25) to fulfill. The new administration's most urgent task is to lead Taiwan through the daunting challenges from globalization. The world economy (26) profoundly, and newly emerging countries are arising rapidly. We must upgrade Taiwan's international (27) and recover lost opportunities. The uncertainty of the current global economy poses as the main challenge to the
revitalization of Taiwan's economy. Yet, we firmly believe that, with right policies and steadfast determination, our goals are (28) our grasp. (Source: President Ma's Inaugural Address in 2008)
23. A. to complete B. has completed C. completed D. to completing 24. A. laid B. is laying C. have laid D. will be laying 25. A. yours B. ours C. theirs D. them
26. A. change B. is changing C. had changed D. changed 27. A. competition B. competitiveness C. competitive D. competitor 28. A. beyond B. under C. next to D. within
The cinema offers a number of possible pleasures. One is scopophilia (a pleasure in looking). There are circumstances in which looking (29) is a source of pleasure, just as, in the reverse formation, there is pleasure in being looked at...[Freud] associated scopophilia with taking other people as objects, (30) them to a controlling and curious gaze... The camera satisfies a primordial wish (31) pleasurable looking, but it also goes further: developing scopophilia (32) its narcissistic aspect. (source: excerpt from “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema” by Luara Mulvey)
29. A. itself B. at it C. forward to D. after 30. A. is subjecting B. subjecting C. subjects D. subjected 31. A. in B. at C. to D. for
32. A. in B. at C. to D. for
V. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answers to the following questions (36%)
In a recent experiment, scientists asked a group of prescreened people to look at a set of gray patterns and try to visualize color. Eleven members of the group had been identified as highly susceptible to hypnosis while seven of the subjects were not
susceptible. Hypnosis is a trance-like state characterized by heightened focus, concentration, and inner absorption, according to the Mayo Clinic. About 10 percent of people worldwide are highly susceptible to hypnosis while 10 percent are not influenced at all. The remaining 80 percent—the majority of the population—are moderately susceptible, said study co-author William McGeown, a neuroscientist at the U.K.'s Hull University. The new study found that all the subjects who were easily hypnotized reported seeing a range of colors even while not under hypnosis, McGeown said. The scientists didn't just take their word for it—MRI scans showed that the parts of the subjects' brains linked to color perception lit up when they saw the imaginary hues. "We can see changes in these color-sensitive regions of their brains, which they have no way of faking," said McGeown, who published the study with colleagues in the December issue of the journal Consciousness and Cognition.
The new study also found that being under hypnosis enhanced color hallucination in susceptible subjects. But those who were not susceptible to hypnosis could not hallucinate color with or without hypnosis. Stephen Kosslyn, a psychologist at Stanford
試題第 3 頁
University, said the results reinforce his team's earlier research. In 2000, Kosslyn and colleagues published one of the first studies on hallucinating color. Their experiment asked highly susceptible people under hypnosis to imagine gray squares as being in color. That study, which used PET scans of the subjects' brains, also found that the subjects activated parts of their brains associated with color perception. The new study confirms a similar finding with MRI scans, which are more often favored in today's experiments because they provide better spatial resolution, co-author McGeown said.
Ultimately, the hallucination research may help medical professionals who use hypnosis to treat a range of conditions, from phobias to pain, McGeown noted. That's because, despite its medical use, many people are fearful of the procedure. The new research shows that suggestion can be almost as powerful a tool, which means there may be a less intimidating alternative for people fearful of hypnosis, he said. "Psychological therapies which consist of making suggestions to a patient—even in the absence of hypnosis—may help with their problem substantially."
(Source: “People Can Hallucinate Color at Will” by Christine Dell'Amore in National Geographic News, published December 7, 2011)
33. The word “susceptible” in this passage is closest in meaning to A. unresistant
B. invulnerable C. unexposed D. doubtful
34. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of hypnosis? A. The subject is put into a sleeplike state
B. Hypnosis is a state of mental concentration C. A hypnotized mind is judging and critiquing. D. None of the above
35. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Subjects who are susceptible to hypnosis can hallucinate color.
B. Subjects who are unsusceptible to hypnosis can visualize color when being under hypnosis. C. Only MRI scans were used in the experiment conducted by William McGeown and his partner.
D. The parts of the brain that respond to color perception are activated when the subjects are hallucinating color. 36. According to McGreown, the findings of hallucination research may be of help to people with
A. irrational fear of a specific object or activity B. migraine
C. fever
D. A and B only
37. Which of the following statements best summarizes the central idea of this article? A. Hypnosis can help people with their problems.
B. Some people are fearful of hypnosis
C. Only a portion of people are susceptible to hypnosis.
D. People can hallucinate color just with the power of suggestion.
“Green” has become a popular English phrase. It means that something is good for the environment. Customers are looking for products that are “natural,” “pure,” and “made from recycled materials.” They feel good about helping the Earth and about buying food and cosmetics that are healthier for their bodies. Anita Roddick sensed this when she founded The Body Shop in 1976. She advertised cosmetics that were “100 percent pure” and boasted that The Body Shop’s products were not tested on animals. Also, she said The Body Shop did not take unfair advantage of the workers in poor countries.
For some people, this sounded too good to be true. In 1994, reporter Jon Entine wrote a famous magazine article disputing Roddick’s claims. He said that The Body Shop cosmetics were actually only one percent pure. Entine also pointed out that most of the ingredients in The Body Shop’s product were, indeed, tested on animals. This prompted Roddick to change the phrase on her cosmetics labels. Instead of “not tested on animals,” it became “against animal testing.” Later, other critics joined in. The London chapter of Greenpeace accused The Body Shop of exploiting poor workers.
試題第 4 頁
do producers simply claim that they are so they can make more money? It’s a tough question. Thanks to writers such as Entine, however, one thing is certain: They are less likely to trust the manufacturer’s word.
(Source: “The Green Myth” in Reading for the Real World, Campus Publishing, 2009)
38. According to the passage, the word “green” has become associated with products A. that are not greasy and look fresh
B. that are friendly to the environment C. that can be easily absorbed by the body D. All of the above
39. Which of the following claims of The Body Shop was NOT disputed by Jon Entine? A. The Body Shop cosmetics did not exploit workers in poor countries.
B. The Body Shop cosmetics were not tested on animals. C. The Body Shop cosmetics were 100% pure.
D. None of the above
40. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the article? A. Customers should never trust the manufacturers because they are dishonest. B. Green advertising claims could be misleading.
C. “Green” is a good marketing strategy to sell products. D. False advertising should be punished.
41. Which of the following statement would the writer of this passage probably agree with? A. We should stop buying “green” products because none of them is really “green.” B. Anita Roddick has abused the trust of her customers.
C. Writers such as Jon Entine work to ruin manufactures’ reputation. D. All products are bad for environment.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes. I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was
idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words:
試題第 5 頁
"Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
(Source: Stanford commencement address delivered by Steve Jobs on June 12, 2005)
42. Which of the following statements is/are true about Steve Jobs?
A. He did not seem to be familiar with some body organs before his illness. B. He was told that he would be dead in less than a year.
C. The tumor he got could be removed with surgery D. All of the above
43. The phrase “buttoned up” is closest in meaning to A. kept silence
B. finished C. loosened up D. tied down
44. Why did Steve Jobs’ doctors react so strongly to the fact that Jobs’ cancer was actually curable? A. They were upset over the misdiagnosis they had made.
B. They were worried that Job would sue them for medical malpractice. C. They were surprised that they could keep their patient alive.
D. None of the above
45. In his speech, what advice did Jobs give to Stanford students? A. Do not try to live up to others’ expectation
B. Do not let other people speak louder than you do C. Always put yourself in others’ shoes
D. It is a waste of time to live with others
46. What did Jobs probably mean by “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”? A. He meant that it is good to eat less and study less.
B. He meant that it is important to always have the curiosity for knowledge. C. He meant that without enough food one can never be smart.
D. He meant that it is foolish to stay hungry.
Tonight is a particular honor for me because, let's face it, my presence on this stage is pretty unlikely.
My father was a foreign student, born and raised in a small village in Kenya. He grew up herding goats, went to school in a tin- roof shack. His father, my grandfather, was a cook, a domestic servant to the British. But my grandfather had larger dreams for his son. Through hard work and perseverance my father got a scholarship to study in a magical place, America, that's shown as a beacon of freedom and opportunity to so many who had come before him. While studying here my father met my mother. She was born in a town on the other side of the world, in Kansas.
My parents shared not only an improbable love; they shared an abiding faith in the possibilities of this nation. They would give me an African name, Barack, or "blessed," believing that in a tolerant America, your name is no barrier to success.
They imagined me going to the best schools in the land, even though they weren't rich, because in a generous America you don't have to be rich to achieve your potential.
They're both passed away now. And yet I know that, on this night, they look down on me with great pride. And I stand here today grateful for the diversity of my heritage, aware that my parents' dreams live on in my two precious daughters. I stand here knowing that my story is part of the larger American story, that I owe a debt to all of those who came before me, and that in no other country on Earth is my story even possible.
試題第 6 頁
Tonight, we gather to affirm the greatness of our nation not because of the height of our skyscrapers, or the power of our military, or the size of our economy; our pride is based on a very simple premise, summed up in a declaration made over two hundred years ago: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness."
That is the true genius of America, a faith in simple dreams, an insistence on small miracles; that we can tuck in our children at night and know that they are fed and clothed and safe from harm; that we can say what we think, write what we think, without hearing a sudden knock on the door; that we can have an idea and start our own business without paying a bribe; that we can participate in the political process without fear of retribution; and that our votes will be counted -- or at least, most of the time.
And fellow Americans, Democrats, Republicans, independents, I say to you, tonight, we have more work to do... more work to do, for the workers I met in Galesburg, Illinois, who are losing their union jobs at the Maytag plant that's moving to Mexico, and now they're having to compete with their own children for jobs that pay 7 bucks an hour; more to do for the father I met who was losing his job and choking back the tears wondering how he would pay $4,500 a month for the drugs his son needs without the health benefits that he counted on; more to do for the young woman in East St. Louis, and thousands more like her who have the grades, have the drive, have the will, but don't have the money to go to college.
People don't expect -- people don't expect government to solve all their problems. But they sense, deep in their bones, that with just a slight change in priorities, we can make sure that every child in America has a decent shot at life and that the doors of opportunity remain open to all.
(Source: Excerpt from Barack Obama’s Democratic Convention Speech delivered on July 27, 2004)
47. Which of the following is/are mentioned in Obama’s speech? A. Interracial heritage
B. Education C. Opportunity D. All of the above
48. Obama’s parents thought their son’s African name would not hinder his success because A. they believed he could go to the best school.
B. America is a racially tolerant country C. Obama is blessed by his name
D. one of his parents was born in America
49. Which of the following statements would Obama probably have faith in? A. All men are created equal
B. One does not have to be rich to achieve one’s dream in America C. There is no poverty in America
D. A and B only E. B and C only
50. What are some of the social causes that Obama would most probably support according to the passaget? A. Encouraging interracial marriage
B. Offering financial aids to low income students C. Lowering the unemployment rate
D. A and B only E. B and C only
試題第 1 頁
系所：公共衛生學系碩士班-職業安全衛生碩士班一般生
高雄醫學大學 101 學年度研究所招生考試
科目：環境暨職業安全衛生學
一、 單選題 (60 分) [將答案排列整齊寫在答案紙，並註明題號，不需抄寫題目] 1. 當水體剛被動物排泄物污染時會測到 (1)胺基酸 (2)氨氮 (3)亞硝酸氮 (4) 硝酸氮 2. 規範溫室氣體為那一個國際條約？ (1) 斯德歌爾摩公約 (2)華盛頓公約 (3)京都議定書 (4)蒙特婁議定書。 3. 污染物（例如 DDD，有機氯農藥）於水中浮游生物之濃度為 2 ppm，小魚吃浮游生物後，小魚體內 DDD 之 濃度為200 ppm；大魚吃小魚後，大魚體內 DDD 之濃度為 2000 ppm，此現象稱為 (1)生物放大(biomagnification) (2)生物濃縮 (bioconcentration) (3)生物累積 (bioaccumulation) (4) 以上皆非 4. 台灣能源的能量供應以哪種最多 (1)煤 (2)石油 (3)天然氣 (4)核能 5. 都市中光化學煙霧的前軀污染物主要來自 (1) 樹木的芬多精排放 (2) 工廠排放 (3) 汽機車排放(4) 火山爆發排放 6. 下列何者是非游離輻射 (1) -射線 (2) X 射線 (3) γ-射線區 (4) 紅外線 7. Kow(正辛醇-水分配係數)與生物濃縮因子相關，評估下列化學物質，何者之 Kow 最大 (1) 三聚氰胺 (2) 戴奧 辛 (3) 甲苯 (4) 四氯化碳 8. 以台灣而言，空氣污染指標(PSI)超過 100 的污染物為 (1)二氧化氮、臭氧 (2) 臭氧、懸浮微粒(3) 懸浮微粒、一 氧化碳 (4) 一氧化碳、碳氫化合物 9. 何者為非點污染源(non-point source) (1)農田的沖蝕造成的污染 (2)工廠廢水處理場的排放 (3)衛生下水道的排 放 (4) 工業區聯合污水處理廠的排放 10. 室內空氣污染建議值中二氧化碳於第二類環境之建議濃度為 (1) 500 ppm (2) 600 ppm (3)1000 ppm (4) 1500 ppm 11. 下列何者非指標污染物 (1)二氧化碳 (2) 一氧化碳 (3)臭氧 (4) 鉛 12. 勞工作業環境測定實施辦法為依據勞工安全衛生法第 (1)五 (2)七 (3)十 (4) 十二 條之授權所訂定。 13. 噪音計在下列哪一個頻率之純音，以 A、B、C 權衡電網測定時結果相同 (1)500 Hz (2) 1000 Hz (3) 2000 Hz (4) 4000 Hz 14. 鑄造間處理熔融鋼鐵或其他金屬之作業場所，其勞工工作日時量平均綜合溫度熱指數超過中央主管機關規定 值時，應多久測定綜合溫度熱指數一次以上？(1)兩個月(2)三個月 (3)六個月 (4)一年 15. 某室內無日曬高溫作業場所，其乾球溫度為 28°C，黑球溫度為 45°C，綜合溫度熱指數為 31 °C，則自然濕球 溫度應為? (1)23°C (2)24°C (3)25°C (4)26°C 16. 某種粉塵含結晶型游離二氧化矽 18％，其可呼吸性粉塵之容許濃度為？ (1) 5 (2) 2 (3) 1 (4) 0.5 mg/m3 17. 石綿纖維的容許濃度為 (1) 1 f/cc (2) 0.5 f/cc (3) 0.25 f/cc (4) 0.15 f/cc 18. 下列哪一個多種氣體偵測器易受到 CO2, H2O 的影響 (1) 紅外線偵測器 (2) 光游離偵檢器 (3) 火燄離子偵檢器 (4) 電子捕獲偵檢器 19. 對於聲音性質之描述，下列何者錯誤? (1) 可在真空中傳遞 (2) 具反射作用 (3) 具繞射作用 (4) 除非遇到障礙 物，其具有直線前進之性質 20. 使用尿液做為生物偵測之檢體時，尿液中化學物質的濃度，易受到喝水量的多寡影響，因此利用那種化學物 質作為校正尿中化學物濃度的依據？（1）Creatinine（肌酸酐）（2）GOT (麩草酸轉胺酶)（3）GPT (麩丙胺 酸轉胺酶)（4）Amino acid (氨基酸) 21. 下列何種儀器可用以測定粉塵 (1) 檢知管(2) 紅外線光譜儀 (3) 光度計 (4) 火焰離子偵測儀 22. 下列何者不是為檢知管的優點 (1) 特異性高 (2)即時監測 (3) 操作簡單易學 (4) 儀器輕便易於攜帶 23. 某一化學物其八小時日時量平均容許濃度為 100 ppm，其短時間時量平均容許濃度為？（1）100 ppm（2） 125 ppm（3）150 ppm（4）200 ppm
試題第 2 頁 24. 依勞工安全衛生法規定，安全衛生工作守則訂定後，下列何種程序為正確?（1）應報經檢查機構備查（2）應 報經地方主管機關備查（3）經雇主核定後實施（4）應報經警察機關備查。 25. 在進入甲醇儲槽清洗時，應至少測量下列那兩種氣體濃度 ( A.氮氣 B.氧氣 C.二氧化碳 D.可燃性氣體) ? （1） A 與 B （2）B 與 C（3）C 與 D（4）B 與 D 26. 某一事業單位作業場所之噪音為 95 分貝，依勞工安全衛生設施規則規定，其勞工一日之容許暴露時間為多少 小時? （1）2（2）4（3）6（4）8 。 27. 黑球溫度代表下列何者之效應? （1）空氣溫度（2）空氣溼度（3）輻射熱（4）空氣流動 28. 下列何者非為木材加工用圓盤鋸之安全防護裝置?（1）墊圈（2）護圍（3）護罩（4）撐縫片。 29. 依營造安全衛生設施標準規定，雇主所設置之護欄，除應包括上欄杆、中欄杆、腳趾板及杆柱等構材外，其 高度應在多少公分以上? （1）60 （2）75 （3）90 （4）120 。 30. 依勞工安全衛生設施規則規定，電焊作業使用之焊接納應具何種特性? （1）絕緣耐力、硬度（2）耐熱力、 耐壓性（3）耐腐蝕性、耐熱性（4）絕緣耐力、耐熱性。 二、 問答題 (40 分) [將答案寫在答案紙，並註明題號，不需抄寫題目] 1. 假設某事業單位在一年內(該年有效工作日為 250 天)發生職業災害情形如下： 損失日數未滿1 日之事件：20 件，共 20 人。 暫時全失能事件：25 件 43 人次，損失日數共 1000 天。 永久部分失能事件：5 件 5 人次受傷，損失日數共 7000 天。 永久全失能事件：1 人，永久性傷殘。 死亡事件：1 人。 若該事業單位全部員工共2000 人，假設全勤無延長工時情形(每天工作 8 小時)，試計算該事業單位全年失能傷害 頻率(F.R.)、失能傷害嚴重率(S.R.)與失能傷害平均損失日數。(10 分) 2. 一作業場所使用混合溶劑從事作業，該混合溶劑為甲苯（分子量 92 ）、丁酮（分子量 72 ) ，經以活性碳為吸附 介質之採樣，測定條件及測定結果如下，請評估該勞工之暴露是否符合規定。（甲苯、丁酮法規容許濃度值分別 為100 , 200 ppm ）。 假設採樣現場與校正現場之溫度、壓力皆為：25 oC , 760 mmHg 採樣設備流速＝l 00 cc / min (甲苯脫附效率為 95%,丁酮脫附效率為 90%) (15 分) 樣本分析結果 (mg) 樣本編號 採樣時間 甲苯 丁酮 1 8:00 ~ 10:00 2.8 4.0 2 10:00 ~ 12:00 1.9 2.1 3 13:00 ~ 15:00 2.4 3.2 4 15:00 ~ 17:00 3.0 2.6 3. 原事業單位與承攬人分別僱用勞工共同作業時，應由原事業單位召集協議組織，並定期或不定期進行協議哪些事 項？(15 分)
試題第 1 頁
系所：公共衛生學系碩士班-職業安全衛生碩士班
高雄醫學大學 101 學年度研究所招生考試
科目：生物統計及流行病學
1.The Scandinavian simvastatin survival study was a randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate the effects of the cholesterol-lowering agent simvastatin in patients with coronary heart disease. Over 5.4 years of follow-up, the treatment group consisting of 2221 individuals experienced 111 fatal heart attacks. The placebo group of 2223 individuals experienced 189 such events. Calculate the risks in the groups and test the difference for significance. In relative terms, how much did simvastatin lower heart attack mortality ? (15%)
2. Define each of the following terms: (25%)
(a) Predictive value of a positive test (b) Point estimation
(c) Coefficient of determination (d) Dummy variables
(e) One-way ANOVA
3. Approximately 12 percent of the deaths in children aged five through nine in Taiwan in 1990 were due to cancer. In contrast, approximately one-fourth of the deaths at ages 60 to 64 were due to this condition. Is it correct to say that the risk of death from cancer was approximately twice as great in the older age group? If not, why not? (10%)
4.In a cohort study following up 7000 people for an average of 5 years, 3000 people took a vitamin supplement and 4000 did not. There were 57 cases of cancer in the vitamin supplement group, and 43 cases of cancer in the other group.
(a) Calculate the incidence rate in each group. (7%)
(b) What information do these findings offer for concluding that vitamin supplementation increases the risk of cancer? (8%)
5.Defining relative risk and briefly outline its value in epidemiology. (10%)
6.A population register assessed the incidence of heart attacks by ethnic group in the UK population. The following data were obtained after one year of follow up:
White ethnic group
--- Age group Cases of Total number of heart attack people in study --- 45-54 5 7500 55-64 24 6500 65-74 37 4500 75+ 71 3200 --- Total 137 21700 ---
試題第 2 頁 Indian ethnic group
--- Age group Cases of Total number of heart attack people in study --- 45-54 3 1800 55-64 6 1500 65-74 8 800 75+ 10 400 --- Total 27 4500 ---
(a)Calculate the age-specific and overall incidence rates of heart attack per 1000 population for the White and Indian ethnic groups. (7%)
(b)Calculate the indirectly standardized rate-summarized as a standardized morbidity ratio (SMR) of heart attack for Indian ethnic groups using the White population rates as the reference population (8%).
7. If X and Y are two quantitative variables, please identify which of these statements are true and which are false. (10%).
(a)Correlation coefficient r quantifies the relationship between X and Y. (b)The closer r is to -1 or 1, the stronger the linear relation between X and Y. (c)If r is close to zero, X and Y are not related in a linear way.
(d)The value of r changes when the units of measure are changed.
(e)The value of b (regression coefficient) changes when the units of measure are changed.
試題第 1 頁
系所：公共衛生學系碩士班-職業安全衛生碩士班在職生
高雄醫學大學 101 學年度研究所招生考試
科目：生理學
單選題（每題 3 分，共計 30 分）
1. 下列敘述何者為正確？
(A) 傳訊 RNA (messenger RNA, mRNA)具有反密碼子(anticodon)。 (B) 細胞內具有消化作用的胞器是粒線體(mitochondria)。 (C) 有絲分裂(mitosis)前期會進行 DNA 複製。 (D) 物質藉由滲透作用(osmosis)通過細胞膜不需消耗 ATP。 2. 關於交感(sympathetic)神經系統與副交感(parasympathetic)神經系統比較，下列敘述何者為正確？ a. 交感神經的節前神經纖維(preganglionic fiber)會分泌正腎上腺素(norepinephrine)。 b. 排尿的動作是因副交感神經興奮所致。 c. 交感神經會刺激腎上腺皮質(adrenal cortex)分泌腎上腺素(epinephrine)。 d. 戰鬥或逃跑(fight or flight)的反應包括瞳孔放大和骨骼肌血流增加。 (A) a+c (B) b+d (C) a+b (D) c+d
3. 下列何者發生在腿部肌肉時，才能維持站立的姿勢？ (A) 肌肉疲乏(muscle fatigue)
(B) 等張收縮(isotonic contraction) (C) 等長收縮(isometric contraction) (D) 不收縮 4. 下列激素的作用，何者敘述為錯誤？ (A) 胰島素(insulin)可降低血糖，亦會刺激肝醣、脂肪和蛋白質的合成。 (B) 副甲狀腺素(parathyroid hormone)會促進血鈣濃度增加。 (C) 褪黑激素(melatonin)於夜間的分泌最少，所以有助睡眠。 (D) 體制素(somatostatin)會抑制生長激素(growth hormone)的分泌。 5. 關於心音(heart sounds)，下列敘述何者為正確？
(A) 第一心音(first sound)是由半月瓣(semilunar valves)關閉所產生。 (B) 心室收縮期結束時會產生第一心音。 (C) 第二心音會緊接著心電圖(electrocardiogram, ECG)的 QRS 波之後發生。 (D) 當心室開始舒張時會聽到第二心音(second sound)。 6. 某物質可由腎絲球過濾，且會被腎小管分泌，則此物質的腎清除率應該： (A) 等於菊糖(inulin)清除率 (B) 大於菊糖(inulin)清除率 (C) 小於菊糖(inulin)清除率
(D) 等於腎絲球過濾率(glomerular filtration rate, GFR) 7. 下列敘述何者為錯誤？ (A) 膽汁(bile)是由膽囊(gallbladder)製造並分泌。 (B) 胃會分泌內在因子(intrinsic factor)，可促進腸道吸收維生素 B12，幫助預防惡性貧血。 (C) 澱粉經由唾液澱粉酶(salivary amylase)的作用在口腔中即開始消化。 (D) 在胃功能調節的腸期(intestinal phase)，胃的活動會受到神經反射及十二指腸分泌的激素所抑制。 8. 根據法蘭克-史達林定律(Frank-Starling Law)，心室收縮的強度是： (A) 與心室收縮末期容積成正比 (B) 與心室收縮末期容積成反比 (C) 與心室舒張末期容積成正比
試題第 2 頁
(D) 與心室舒張末期容積成反比
9. 關於動作電位(action potential)，下列敘述何者為錯誤？ (A) 符合全或無(all or none)定律。
(B) 再極化(repolarization)過程是因鉀離子(K+)大量流出細胞所致。
(C) 具有絕對不反應期(absolute refractory period)。
(D) 在所有的神經纖維(nerve fibers)上均進行跳躍式傳導(salutatory conduction)。 10. 關於布洛卡氏區(Broca’s area)，下列敘述何者為正確？
(A) 位於右大腦半球(right hemisphere)。 (B) 是語言理解(comprehension)區。 (C) 位於大腦的顳葉(temporal lobe)。
(D) 與非流利性失語症(nonfluent aphasia)有關。
名詞解釋（每題 6 分，共計 30 分）
1. 次級主動運輸(secondary active transport) 2. 眼睛的調適作用(accommodation) 3. 運動單位(motor unit) 4. 肺活量(vital capacity) 5. 心輸出量(cardiac output)
