۞ྥߓ٨ቹᚨشڇഏ՛ڣ్س
ढցհઔߒ
ᐽذถ
ǵ
ྷฐ
ኴʳ ʳ
ଈ٣Δࠌشψփ୲։࣫ऄω։࣫۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱढࢤᔆࡉփ୲ᄗउΔ٦ شψᄷኔ᧭ઔߒऄω൶ಘഏ՛քڣ్ᖂ࿙ࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹፖઝᖂᔹᦰ ᇞհᣂএΖઔߒ࣠࿇ڕՀΚ 1. ۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱढࢤᔆᏅᔞٽഏ՛ᖂ࿙ᔹᦰΖ 2. ፖഏ՛ڣ్سढցઌᣂऱቹփ୲ 50.2%~65.7иΔ༺ቹፖ֮ڗٺ۾ԫ תΖ 3. ࡳཚᔹᦰቹ౨ᚥܗᖂ࿙ᏺၞᔹᦰᇞ౨ԺΔ֠ࠡਢઝᖂဲნࡉૹᄗ࢚Δ ܀ኙ࣍᧤ᙀංࡉ։࣫ቃྒྷঞᐙլՕΖ 4. ᖂ࿙ኙ࣍ࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹΔᎁױאᏺףઝᖂᄗ࢚ऱवᢝΕᏺၞኙ۞ ྥऱᖂᘋᔊࡉᦟᔹᦰڶᣂ۞ྥઝᤄΖ ່৵༼נ৬ᤜΚ 1. ቔᚐءՒ܂୮໌܂۞ྥߓ٨ቹΔᏺףპسढࡉൣრᏆऱ۞ྥߓ٨ቹΖ 2. ቔᚐഏ՛۞ྥፖسઝݾᏆඒஃᖕᖂ࿙ࢬᔹᦰऱቹૠᖂΔ֧ᖄ ᖂ࿙ᖂΔאᏺၞᖂ࿙᧤ᙀංࡉ։࣫ቃྒྷऱ౨ԺΖᣂဲΚ۞ྥߓ٨ቹΕփ୲։࣫ऄΕઝᖂᔹᦰᇞΖ
* ഏمፕקඒߛՕᖂ۞ྥઝᖂඒߛߓඒ ** ഏمፕקඒߛՕᖂ۞ྥઝᖂඒߛߓጚՓ
۞ྥߓ٨ቹᚨشڇഏ՛ڣ్س
ढցհઔߒ
ᐽذถǵྷฐ
Εছߢ
ԫΕઔߒऱ࢚ࡉૹࢤ
ࠉᖕڣԫᓰ࿓ጼΔഏ՛ၸऱψ۞ྥፖسઝݾᏆω։౨Ժਐᑑ խΔᎁᢝ೯ཬढऱسཷፖسኪਢڣ్سढᄗ࢚ᖂऱၗ(ඒߛຝΔ2004)Δ܀ ط࣍ཬढऱၲक़࣠ਢڶழݧ᧢֏ऱΔฝ೯ऱ೯ढء༉լ࣐ኔچᨠኘΔ ޓᣄᨠኘࠩཷ۩Δຍࠄല۞ྥඒஃუ㵭থྤऄࠌඒޗ್Ղܧऱܺ ឫΙᓰءՈڶߩജऱቹׂױࠎ֧ᖄඒᖂΔᖂ࿙ለᣄԱᇞᓰءࢬႚሒऱઝᖂᄗ࢚Ι ૉ౨༈ބઌᣂऱ۞ྥߓ٨ቹࢨᢄءΔؘ౨ܮ֧ᖂ࿙ᔹᦰΔᚥܗᖂ࿙ᛧ೯ཬ ढسཷፖسኪऱᄗ࢚(ᗝߐྶΕفࠕటΕᓐਞპΙ2006)Ζ່२Δᇷಛٽඒᖂ ᧯ৰڍΔڍᑇᖂ࿙ܓشီᤚΕᦫᤚऱࠨᖿࠐᛧवᢝΔথઌኙ྇֟ᔹᦰᓰ؆ᦰढ ऱழၴΔאીᖂ࿙ᔹᦰᤄऱክ૾܅ (Popplewell, & Doty, 2001)ΖࠃኔՂΔᔹ ᦰսਢᖂ࿙ᛧवᢝऱૹࠐᄭհԫΔੋᥞ(2001)མᎅψᏺףཕᐝΔᝫਢഄ ԫऱֱڤΔᅝؚၲԫءழΔ܃༉ཙהؚၲԫଡΖωᔹᦰೈ౨᠆༄ଡԳ वᢝ؆ΔՈ౨ࠨᖿՕᆰ壀ᆖΔڶயऱีᗨवᢝΔޏ᧢ଡԳᔆΔᏺᐖီມΔޓ౨ ༼֒ߢᄮຏ֗ᔹᦰᇞऱ౨Ժ(ੋᥞΔ2001ΙႁΔ2000)Ζ ቹΕߢࡉ֮ڗਢԳᣊᄮຏൣტΔႚሒ৸უऱԿՕ᧯Δࠡխאቹ່ ౨ؚధழၴΕ़ၴࡉԳऱሶᎶΔՈਢᖂ࿙ದޡᔹᦰࢬ൷ᤛऱψรԫጟ֮ڗωΰᤕ ࣔΔ1998αΙ२ڣࠐഏփנठڍቹΔࠌԳଚດዬૹီቹࢬᤖܶऱటΕΕ ભΰ႓ರᄦΔ1996αΖᖂ࿙ᙇᖗቹᔹᦰழΔਢڂᦟᇙ૿ՕၦऱቹቝΔᅝਬ ଡቹቝܮ֧הଚழΔהଚ༉ೖՀࠐᔹᦰᑑᠲΔࢨԫࠄઌᣂ֮ڗ(Horning, 1997)Ιط ࣍܂ृፖ༺୮壄֨ቤऱ֮ፖቹΔࠌᖂ࿙ױאጐൣऱࠆ࠹უቝࡉ࿇ऱᑗᔊΔየߩړ࡛ࡉფ൶ऱ࿙֨ΰࣥߜΔ1996αΖڶᖂृᎁቹױאᚥܗᖂس༼֒ ߢᖂΕഛ塄ભᖂΕᏺၞᔹᦰᇞ౨Ժࡉഛ塄໌ທԺ(Cho & Kim, 1998ΙࣥߜΔ 1996ΙഏঊΔ2002ΙᗝߐྶΕຫጘដΔ2005αΖڂڼΔءઔߒቫᇢല۞ྥߓ٨ቹ ֧ၞ۞ྥઝඒΔᨃࡳཚᔹᦰΔᨠኘᖂ࿙ਢܡ౨ᏺၞᔹᦰᇞ౨ԺΔլᏁ ՕԳຩᦰΔ༉౨ᇞቹࢬ।ሒऱઝᖂᄗ࢚ࡉቹቝრොΖ མݳி(2000)ڇ٤ഏઝඒڣᄎΔ༼ࠩݦඨ౨ᏺףխ֮ઝཏᦰढऱנठၦΔ༼ ࣙઝཏᦰढऱᔆΔܮ֧Օ୮װᔹᦰΔܛٽᔹᦰऱઝᖂඒᖂࠐ࿇୶ᖂ࿙ᐋऱ ᄗ࢚ᇞΖഏ՛ၸऱᔹᦰਢᖂ࿙ؘໂऱᓰᠲΔՈਢᖂઝᖂवᢝऱૹտΔ ܀ڕ۶ᙇᖗઝཏᦰढΔࠌᖂ࿙౨ࣲྥ൷࠹ΔਢݺଚᚨᇠەᐞऱૹរΖ۞ྥߓ٨ቹ ኙऱᐙΔړऱᦰढױאឩ୶ᖂ࿙ऱီມΔࠌڶૻऱسᆖ᧭ࠩ ۼΰຫભཕΔ1995αΙڶઔߒਐנᖂ࿙ऱψಮ৸ᄗ࢚ωױ౨ದᄭ࣍ඒઝΔڍ ඒஃ࿇٦৻ᏖᙇᖗඒઝΔຟྤऄየߩඒᖂՂऱᏁޣΔඒஃឈױਐࡳᖂسࠌش ਬԫठءऱඒઝΔথլ౨ലᖂݙ٤ওૻ࣍ຍԫءඒઝՂ(ᗝߐྶΔ2005ΙᏥ ිႅΔ2004)Δਚ۔ஃΕቹ塢ጥࡉ୮९Δڕ۶ൕฒڍᤄխΔਗᙇ౨᎖ܗඒ ઝऱ۞ྥߓ٨ቹ༉؆ૹΙᙇኙԱΔ۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱਚࠃൣᆏΕቹቝ რොࡉઝᖂवᢝΔ౨ܮ֧ᖂ࿙ᔹᦰΔᏺףᔹᦰᇞ౨ԺΔޓᐋԱᇞඒઝࢬܧ ऱઝᖂᄗ࢚Ζءઔߒᖕ೯ཬढऱسཷፖسኪᄗ࢚Δمრ࠷ᑌᙇᖗઌᣂऱ۞ྥ ߓ٨ቹΔၞ۩փ୲։࣫Δ൶ಘຍࠄቹࡉഏ՛ڣ్سढցඒޗऱઌᣂ ࿓৫Δࠀ֧ၞඒփ༼ࠎᖂ࿙ᔹᦰΔ൶ಘᖂسᔹᦰ৵Δਢܡ౨༼֒ᔹᦰᇞ౨ԺΖ
ԲΕઔߒऱؾऱ
ଈ٣Δءઔߒ։࣫۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱढࢤᔆΔ൶ಘ۞ྥߓ٨ቹࡉഏ՛ ڣ్سढցඒޗऱઌᣂࢤΙ່৵Δ൶ಘഏ՛ᖂ࿙ࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹΔ ਢܡ༼֒سढցऱᔹᦰᇞΔאԱᇞലቹ࣋ᆜڇඒࡳཚᔹᦰऱױ۩ ࢤΖڂڼΔءઔߒ൶ಘԿଡംᠲΚ(ԫ)۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱढࢤᔆ۶Λ(Բ)۞ྥ ߓ٨ቹࡉഏ՛ڣ్ऱسढցඒޗਢܡઌᣂΛ(Կ)ഏ՛ᖂ࿙ࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥ ߓ٨ቹΔ౨ܡ༼֒ᖂ࿙ኙ࣍سढցऱᔹᦰᇞΛ၁Ε֮൶ಘ
ԫΕ۞ྥߓ٨ቹࡉઝᖂඒߛऱઌᣂઔߒ
ΰԫα۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱࢤᔆ ഏփࢋᄎലᤄ։ᣊឭ堸Δࠡխԫᣊ༉ਢ۞ྥߓ٨ቹΙޕᣝដ(1998) ᎁ۞ྥߓ٨ቹਐऱਢᖂ࿙ඖ૪ԫߓ٨ઝᖂࠃٙऱ܂Δຍࠄࠃٙױאش ਚࠃΕቹΕઝᖂဲნףאᎅࣔΔᏺף۞ྥवᢝऱᔊ࠺ࢤΖޕངࡉۂᐝఇ(1986) ല۞ྥߓ٨ቹࡳᆠΚլࣅᠲဪΔຘመػऱ֮ڗΔտฯኔᔆऱڙࡶᆄढ᧢ ֏ࡉઝᖂवᢝ܂Ζޕᣝដ(1998)ਐנԫءᚌߐऱ۞ྥߓ٨ቹΔࠡփ୲ؘ ႊץܶઝᖂֱऄΕઝᖂኪ৫ࡉઝᖂवᢝΖઝᖂֱऄ༉ਢਐ௫֗ኔ᧭ΕᨠኘΕ։ᣊ ऱݾ౨Ιઝᖂኪ৫ঞൎᓳԫጟհאਁΕܘԺಳޣటઌऱ।Ι۟࣍ઝᖂवᢝਢ ਐᣂ࣍۞ྥွऱઌᣂࠃኔΔຍࠄױ౨ਢΕᄗ࢚ࢨࠃٙऱګڂΖጵՂࢬߢΔ ۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱփ୲ࢤᔆ᥆࣍वᢝᣊऱᦰढΔ।ऱ֫ऄঞᏁቹٌ֮៣ऱᨠ ࢚Δ،ႚሒઝᖂवᢝऱ࿙ᇩਚࠃΔ༄ڶඔ࿇ࢤΕ֮ᖂࢤࡉᔊ࠺ࢤΔࢬאᔞٽᖂ ࿙ᔹᦰࣲᓾΖ ΰԲα۞ྥߓ٨ቹڇඒߛՂऱრᆠ ڇඒᖂՂΔ۞ྥߓ٨ቹױشࠐ܂۞ྥઝඒᖂऱైޗΔڂ۞ྥߓ٨ቹ ءߪࠠڶਚࠃൣᆏΔᖂ࿙୲࣐ႉထൣቼ౧ࠐᇞඒઝܧऱွࢨࠃٙ (Cho & Kim, 1998)Ζഏփ؆ઔߒ᧩قΔᖂسኙ࣍ᛧઝᖂઌᣂवᢝΔױאࠐ۞ሽ ီΕ໑ढ塢Εᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹࡉઝᖂඒߛխ֨Δਚᖂسױൕڍॺᖂீඒߛ ऱ ጥ ሐ ᛧ ઝ ᖂ ઌ ᣂ ऱ व ᢝ (Finn, Maxwell, & Calver, 2002; Kaartinen & Kumpulainen, 2002; ഏঊΔ2002)Ζ۞ྥઝᖂऱඒᖂឈൎᓳ܂խᖂΕ൶࿇ऱ መ࿓Δ܀ᔹᦰսਢԫጟױ۩ऱᖂֱऄΙڂᖂீඒߛࢬ౨༼ࠎऱᖂംਢڶૻऱΔ ᖂ࿙ڕ࣠լ౨塄ګψᓰ؆ᔹᦰωऱክΔঞଡԳवᢝᄎওૻΙڶࠄ۞ྥွ ྤऄൕխᖂࢨൕኔ᧭ᖙ܂խᛧழΔᔹᦰױ౨༉ਢڶயԾঁ൸ऱֱऄ(്堚ዊΔ 2001)Ζࠡኔᔹᦰઝᖂࡉ೯֫ᖙ܂ઝᖂڇᖂሎشऱฃਢઌٵऱΔܛਢᨠኘΕֺ ለΕྒྷၦΔܓشழၴ/़ၴऱᣂএΔᇞᤩΕႚሒΕቃྒྷ࣠Δ܂ܒឰ֗ေᦸ(Kaartinen, & Kumpulainen, 2002)Ζྤᓵਢ്ψאઝᖂנ࿇រΔ࿙ᇩտฯઝᖂऱՠࠠω ऱઝᖂඒߛृΔࢨ്ψא࿙ᇩנ࿇រΔઝᖂ໌܂ᨋტऱࠐᄭωऱ࿙ᇩ܂୮Δᕣጥנ࿇រլٵΔ܀ຟױሒࠩઌٵऱפயΚࠌᖂ࿙ڇಳޣࠃढऱటழΔٵழᖑ ڶ࣐࣍ტᤚᆄढऱ֨ᨋ(്ᇣࢣΔ2005)Ζ ᤕࣔ(1988)ᎁ۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱඒߛפ౨ΔೈԱᏺףᖂ࿙ऱઝᖂवᢝ ؆ΔࡸڶԿଡؾᑑΚ1.ഛ塄าᘈऱઝᖂᨠኘኪ৫Δ2.ഛ塄౨։࣫ছڂ৵࣠ऱઝᖂ৸ ەኪ৫Δ3.ഛ塄ᣂᡖ۞ྥΕფᥨ۞ྥऱઝᖂسኪ৫Ζԫءړऱ۞ྥߓ٨ቹ ᚨᓫ֗ઝᖂᄗ࢚Εઝᖂኪ৫ΕઝᖂֱऄΔഛ塄ᖂ࿙ऱઝᖂై塄Δඔ࿇ᖂ࿙৸ەઝ ᖂऱᘋᔊࡉ༇ૹسࡎፖঅߛኪ৫(ຫભཕΔ1995ΙੋᥞΔ2001)Ζቹਢৰړऱ ඒᖂᇷᄭΔޢԫءቹຟڶԫଡ᠆༄ڍցऱᠲΔඒஃױףሎشΔലቹ ᘜԵڍցऱඒᖂփ୲ΔᏆᖂ࿙Ե൶ಘΔඒஃޓױࠉᠲૠ೯ࠀۼᔹᦰΔ ךٝ࿇ཀቹᘜԵ۞ྥᓰ࿓ऱפ౨Δᏺףඒᖂփ୲ऱᐖ৫ፖ৫(ᔤցਞΔ 2000Ι്堚ዊΔ2001)Ζ
ԲΕઝᖂ֮ີፖᔹᦰᇞ౨Ժऱઌᣂࢤ
ΰԫαઝᖂ֮ີऱᣊী ຘመኙᔹᦰᇞऱ൶ಘΔױאवሐઝᖂ֮ີऱᔹᦰᇞਢط֮ີࢬ৬ዌऱΔ ԫઝᖂ֮ີਢਐփ୲ڶᣂઝᖂᏆऱवᢝΙઝᖂ֮ີऱᠲᚨᇠץܶઝᖂᄗ࢚ ऱवᢝΔطඖ૪ࢤࢨᎅࣔࢤऱ֮ࢬዌګ(ੋ֮ࣟΔ1997Ι႓壂ᘋΔ2003ΙᗝߐྶΕ ຫጘដΔ2005)Ζᣂ࣍ઝᖂ֮ີऱᣊীΔKameenui and Simmons(1990)ࠉᖕ֮ີऱ ؾऱ։ඖ૪֮(Narrative text)֗ᎅ֮ࣔ(Expository text)ࠟጟዌΖੋ֮ࣟ(1997) ጵٽٺᖂृऱᎅऄᎅࣔڕՀΚ1.ඖ૪֮Κڱڇᝑ૪ԫᒧਚࠃΔࠠڶਚࠃ֮ऄऱ֮ ີዌΔਚࠃ֮ऄਢ༴૪ਚࠃऱঞΔ،ൄലᆖ᧭ࠃࠏࡳۯ࣍ਬԫଡழၴፖ़ၴ ऱٌႃխΔലᆖ᧭መऱࠃፖढףאඖ૪ΔࠉᖕਚࠃޗறΕழၴႉݧΕԳढߡۥऱ ࢤΕൣᆏ֗რᢝীኪܧլٵᐋڻऱਚࠃΖ2.ᎅ֮ࣔΚڱڇܫवᖂسᄅऱಛ ஒΔԫᖂઝࢤऱ֮ີڕઝᖂΕषᄎΕᖵൄࠠڶڼীڤΔڇܧᇞᤩࠃኔΕ ᇷறΕঞ֗ᓵಛஒΖઝᖂᎅ֮ࣔऱ༴૪ڇᇞᤩ۞ྥွࡉڶᣂࠃढΔઝᖂ ֮ີൄנԫࠄઝᖂဲნ֗റ॰Δຫ૪֮ழΔॺൄૹီ᧤ᙀऱԫીࢤΔא ֗ٺጟհၴऱڂ࣠ᣂএΖ ΰԲαઝᖂ֮ີऱᔹᦰᇞ Perfetti(1989) ਐ נ ઝ ᖂ ֮ ີ ऱ ᔹ ᦰ ᇞ ץ ਔ ֮ ີ რ ᆠ ऱ ᇞ (achieving a meaning for a text)ࡉ֮ີऱᇭᤩ(achieving a interpretation for a text)(֧۞ߜዊΔ1997)Ζ֮ີრᆠऱᇞਢਐԱᇞ֮ີऱრΔ༉ਢڗ૿რᆠऱᇞΙ֮ີऱᇭᤩ ਢਐၞԫޡᇭᤩ֮ີऱრොΔץਔኙ֮ີऱ᧤ᙀංΖRoll(1990)༼ࠩઝᖂ֮ີऱ ዌኙᖂسᔹᦰᇞࠠڶψၸᐋயᚨωΔ֮ີऱՂۯಛஒፖՀۯಛஒऱܧֱڤΔ ᄎᐙᖂسऱᔹᦰᇞ(֧۞ੋ֮ࣟΔ1997)Ζءઔߒ㻽൶ߒᖂ࿙ऱઝᖂ֮ີᔹᦰ ᇞΔᖕᗝߐྶ(2004)ࢬᒳ፹ψาઽઌᣂᓰ࿓ᔹᦰᇞ౨Ժྒྷ᧭ω܂ᒳ፹ઔ ߒՠࠠऱࠉᖕΔലઝᖂᔹᦰᇞ౨Ժ։ګႈڻ౨ԺΔᎅࣔڕՀΚ1.ૹᄗ࢚Κ Օຝ։ڶิ៣ऱ֮ີຟᄎႉထԫଡᠲലԳढΕࠃٙΕࠃኔΕᄗ࢚ΕঞΕംᠲ ࢨᐛܧנࠐΙᦰृ౨۞աิ៣ᔹᦰऱփ୲Δ༈ބຫ૪ऱૹរΖ2.ઝᖂဲ ნΚઝᖂषᆢݦඨא壄១ऱ֮ڗኙ۞ྥွ壄ᒔऱ༴૪Δ༉ਢઝᖂဲნΔࢨጠ ઝᖂറڶټဲΔԫଡઝᖂဲნז।ԫଡઝᖂᄗ࢚Ζ3.᧤ᙀංΚৰڍ֮ີࠀॺല ޢଡาᆏຟܧנࠐΔᦰृؘႊᖕ֮ີ౧ࡉᦰृऱ٣ໂवᢝΔ۞۩ףՂ ؈ऱಛஒΔຍ༉ਢ᧤ᙀංΖ4.։࣫ቃྒྷΚઝᖂ৸ەطਬԫംᠲᜤუנؓ۩ᐋڻ ऱٺጟუऄΔࢨطԫംᠲԵ܂᧤ᙀංΔא։࣫ቃྒྷࢬڶױ౨ऱ࣠Ζ ΰԿαഏ՛ᖂ࿙ኙ࣍ઝᖂ֮ີऱᔹᦰᇞ ᖂ࿙ڇᔹᦰઝᖂ֮ີᛧ࠷ࠡխრᆠऱᇞழΔط࣍ᖂ࿙ഗᑓڶଡܑऱฆΔ ڂڼΔኙٵԫᒧઝᖂ֮ີऱᔹᦰΔᄎขسլٵऱवᢝ༼࠷ࡉრᆠ৬ዌΔࢬאኙࠃ ൣऱᇭᤩΕᇞࡉܑԳլᄎݙ٤ԫᑌ(Popplewell, & Doty, 2001)Ζᙙᣪଉ(1999)൶ ߒഏ՛ᖂسհᔹᦰᇞ౨ԺઔߒխΔ࿇ᖂ࿙ᄎᙟထڣᏺףۖ౨ᏺൎᦰᇞ౨ ԺΔኙ࣍ਚࠃᣊಖඖ֮ऱᇞᚌ࣍ᎅ֮ࣔऱᇞΖຫࣔ৯ΰ2002αڇ൶ಘഏ՛ᖂ سߢ౨ԺΕᔹᦰᇞ౨Ժ֗ᐊ܂।ԿृհᣂএઔߒΔ࿇ߢ౨Ժፖᔹᦰ ᇞ౨Ժܧ৫إઌᣂΙVygotsky(1962)࿇ߢᖂყړऱ՛Δࠡᎁवګ९ፖ ֨ཕ࿇୶ყݶΔڇवᢝऱႚᎠመ࿓խΔᖂسऱ৸ەᑓڤፖवᢝऱ৬ዌΔࡉߢ ऱᎁव࿇୶ڶထയ֊ᣂএ (֧۞ޕፂΔ1998)Ζ
Εઔߒֱऄፖመ࿓
ԫΕઔߒૠ
ଈ٣Δࡉഏ՛۞ྥઝଡூඒஃಘᓵΔᙇᖗᔞٽᖂ࿙ᔹᦰऱ 54 ء۞ྥߓ٨ቹ Δආشփ୲։࣫ऄၞ۩ψ۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱढࢤᔆωࡉψױᘜԵഏ՛ڣ్سढցω։࣫Δא֗ᇷறូࡉඖ૪ࢤอૠ։࣫Ζ ࠡڻΔආشᄷኔ᧭ઔߒऄၞ۩ᖂ࿙ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞऱઔߒΖאଡூඒஃࢬٚඒ ऱഏ՛քڣ్ఄ్Δܓشխဎഏ֮౨Ժྒྷ᧭(ࣥᣪ၆ΕᄘᐝඕΕߐΔ1995) ᙇנ֮౨Ժٵᔆࢤऱࠟଡఄ్܂ኔ᧭ิፖኙᅃิΖኔ᧭ิᖂ࿙ೈ൷࠹ԫඒ ᖂ؆Δࠀࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹΙኙᅃิᖂ࿙ঞ൷࠹ԫඒᖂ೯Ζଈ٣Δၞ ۩ࠟิᖂ࿙ऱψઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭ωছྒྷΔؾऱڇ፦ႃࠟิᖂ࿙ऱഗءᇷறΙྥ ৵ၞ۩ཚԶၜऱኔ᧭Δ່৵Δၞ۩ࠟิᖂ࿙ऱψઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭ω৵ྒྷΔؾ ऱڇֺለࠟิᖂ࿙ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞऱฆࢤΖ㻽ԵԱᇞኔ᧭ิᖂ࿙ऱઝᖂᔹᦰ ᇞᐙΔ৵ྒྷݙฅ৵Δ٦ኙኔ᧭ิᖂ࿙ၞ۩ઝᖂᐊ܂ࡉᓫΔ൶ಘᖂ࿙ᐊ܂ழΔ ڕ۶ࠌشૹᄗ࢚ΕઝᖂဲნΕ։࣫ቃྒྷࡉ᧤ᙀංΖ፦ႃᖂ࿙ψઝᖂᔹᦰᇞ ྒྷ᧭ωऱၦ֏ᇷறΕઝᖂᐊ܂ࡉᓫᇷறၞ۩։࣫Δᎅࣔࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹ ऱኔਜګயࡉױ۩ࢤ۶Ζ
ԲΕઔߒՠࠠ
ΰԫα۞ྥߓ٨ቹढࢤᔆ։࣫। ءઔߒՠࠠऱ։࣫ᣊؾਢەᓐ֮ព(2004)ᒳ፹ऱψᖂ࿙ઝᖂᦰढ։࣫ႈؾ ।ωࡉຫભཕ(1995) ᒳ፹ऱψ1985Д1994 ፕچઝᖂᣊᖂ࿙ᦰढᓳം࠴ωଥ ޏΕᒳᙀۖګΙࠡढࢤᔆਢਐቹऱഗءᇷறΔץܶΚᇘૡΕᑇΕٱࠧΕ ࣹଃฤᇆΕᐷᐊֱڤΕቹ֮ᆜࡉᔆΖಾኙ 54 ء۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱढᔆࢤ܂ ༴૪ፖ։࣫Δᝩ܍ઔߒृመ৫ᨠऱრᢝ༴૪ΔᏁ࿇୶נԫࠠ᧯֏ऱ༴૪ಖ ᙕΔਚءઔߒආشψփ୲։࣫ऄωΔലփ୲ګ։ၦ֏৵ၞ۩อૠΔࠀאψۯωᅝ ܂ᑑ֡ၞ۩։࣫ΰᑛشسΔ1997αΖءઔߒՠࠠᆤᓮ 1 ۯسढ໑ՓऱஃՕඒΕ1 ۯઝඒ໑Փऱஃೃඒ֗ 1 ۯٚඒ 16 ڣհᇷഏ՛ඒஃݙګփ୲ய৫Δॾ৫ঞਢ ආشေ։ृॾ৫Δᑇۯ 0.942Δ᥆࣍ױආॾऱઔߒՠࠠΖ ΰԲα۞ྥߓ٨ቹױᘜԵഏ՛ڣ్سढց։࣫ ء։࣫ՠࠠץܶ։܉ᄗउࡉփ୲։࣫Δএەׄቅठഏ՛۞ྥፖسઝݾᏆ ඒઝխΔڣ్سढԫ٥ڶଡցΚݮݮۥۥऱسढΕპسढऱ܂شΕس ढऱཷࡉسढऱسژᛩቼΖലցऱٺଡඒᖂ೯ᅝ܂ႈؾΔආشႈؾऱ։ ౨ԺਐᑑΔءઔߒ۞ྥߓ٨ቹփ୲հඖ૪อૠΙ։܉ᄗउऱψۯω ਢאቹհᑇ։࣫ࠉᖕࠀૠጩۍ։ֺΙփ୲։࣫ਢאႈؾΕ։౨Ժਐᑑ܂ࠉᖕΔ༈ބઌᣂऱቹ֮ᎅࣔΖءઔߒՠࠠբᆤᓮছ૿Կۯറ୮৬مփ୲ய ৫Δॾ৫ਢආشေ։ृॾ৫ 0.972Δ᥆࣍ױආॾऱઔߒՠࠠΖ ΰԿαઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭ ءྒྷ᧭ڱڇྒྷၦᖂسࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱઝᖂᔹᦰᇞΔএەᗝߐ ྶΰ2004αᒳ፹ऱψาઽઌᣂᓰ࿓ᔹᦰᇞ౨Ժྒྷ᧭ωࢬ༼֗ऱႈઝᖂᔹᦰ ᇞ౨ԺΚૹᄗ࢚ΕઝᖂဲნΕ᧤ᙀංࡉ։࣫ቃྒྷᒳ፹ۖګऱΙޢԫႈઝᖂᔹ ᦰᇞ౨Ժૠ 20 ᠲଡᙇႈऱྒྷ᧭ᠲΔٽૠ 80 ᠲΔڂەᐞᖂس܂ழၴऱૻ ࠫΔലءྒྷ᧭։ࠟٝΚઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭(ԫ)ፖઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭(Բ)Ζءྒྷ᧭ բᆤᓮছ૿Կۯറ୮৬مփ୲ய৫Δࠀᙟᖲ࠷ᑌՕፕקچ 215 ۯഏ՛քڣ్ᖂ سਜྒྷΔ৬مփຝԫીࢤΔྒྷ᧭(ԫ)ॾ৫এᑇ KR-21 0.756Δྒྷ᧭(Բ)ॾ৫এᑇ KR-21 0.762Δڶயऱઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭Ζ ΰαᖂسᓫᠲጼ ءઔߒᛵᇞኔ᧭ิᖂ࿙ڇၞ۩ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭ழჄહ৵ऱطΔਢܡ ࡉࡳཚᔹᦰቹऱઌᣂΔࠀ։࣫ᖂ࿙ڶᄗ࢚ऱױ౨ࠐᄭΔࢬאᖕᖂ࿙ઝᖂ ᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭ऱڃ࣠Δ܂ᓫᠲጼऱૠഗ៕Δࠀᆤᓮছ૿Կۯറ୮৬م ᓫᠲጼऱփ୲ய৫Ζᓫᠲጼऱփ୲ߠઔߒ࣠ፖಘᓵऱඖ૪Ζ
ԿΕઔߒኙွ
ΰԫαቹ ᖕഏ՛ڣ్۞ྥፖسઝݾᏆඒઝऱଡسढցΔൕ۞ྥߓ٨ቹ խאمრ࠷ᑌΔᙇ࠷ࠟઌᣂسढᣊऱΚቹ֮נठषऱψ՛՛۞ྥቹ 塢ωፖԿ७֮֏נठषऱψऄؒዿ࣒ಖωΔᏺףპسढቹΔץܶΚഏم۞ྥ ઝᖂ໑ढ塢ऱψڶᔊऱటပωΕ֚Հנठषऱψఐပව֫ωΕቹ֮נठषऱψპ՛ سढωΔא֗ੌנठषऱψᦅऄீ߫-၌ൎఐωΔ٥ૠ۞ྥߓ٨ቹ 54 ءΖ ΰԲαᖂ࿙ אمრ࠷ᑌᙇᖗፕקᗼޢԫڣ్ڶ 17 ఄऱਬՕীഏ՛Δܓشխဎഏ֮౨Ժ ྒྷ᧭ᙇנ֮౨Ժٵᔆࢤऱքڣ్ࠟଡఄ్܂ઔߒኙွΔᙟᖲ։ԫఄኔ ᧭ิ(34 Գ)Δԫఄኙᅃิ(34 Գ)Ιᝩ܍ᙥௌயᚨΔࠟఄᖂ࿙݁آܫवإڇၞ۩ઔߒΖᖕኔ᧭ิᖂ࿙ऱխဎഏ֮౨Ժྒྷ᧭ګᜎΔ։։ᆢ(ছ 27%)Ε խ։ᆢࡉ܅։ᆢ(৵ 27%)Δ٦ࠉᅃᖂ࿙ڇઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭ऱڃൣݮΔᙇנ ࡳᖂ࿙܂תዌᓫऱኙွΖ
Εᇷறհ፦ႃፖ
ၦ֏ᇷறΚץਔψ۞ྥߓ٨ቹढࢤᔆ։࣫।ωΕψቹױᘜԵഏ՛ ڣ్سढցհ։܉ᄗउωࡉψઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭ωऱছΕ৵ྒྷᇷறΖࠉᖕ։࣫ ।ലբᒳᒘऱ۞ྥߓ٨ቹດԫၞ۩࿆ᙕΔ܂อૠ։࣫ऱࠉᖕΙઝᖂᔹᦰ ᇞྒྷ᧭ऱছΕ৵ྒྷګᜎא SPSS 10.0 อૠຌ᧯Δၞ۩ڂ٥᧢ᑇ(ANCOVA)ऱ։ ࣫Ζ ᔆࢤᇷறΚץਔᖂسᓫ(֧شऱᇷறא Inv ז।ംृΔ Sx ം։ ᆢᖂسऱזᒘ)Εઝᖂᐊ܂ࡉઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭ᠲ։࣫Ζࠉᖕࢬڶნᖞऱᇷற৵ ᇭᤩࢤ։࣫Δؾऱڇ൶ಘᖂ࿙ࡳཚᔹᦰቹऱઝᖂᔹᦰᇞઌᣂუऄፖᖂ࿙ ڶᄗ࢚ऱࠐᄭΖԱףൎᔆࢤᇷறऱە᧭Δઔߒृࡉۯղܒᦰऱඒஃຘመ ᄮຏΕಘᓵΕ٦ေᦸֱڤᕣױ౨ඈೈઔܒृءߪऱᨠᐙΔၞ۩ԿߡீإΖᆥΕઔߒ࣠ፖಘᓵ
ԫΕ۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱढࢤᔆ։࣫
ᖕψ۞ྥߓ٨ቹढࢤᔆ։࣫।ωऱอૠ։࣫Δ։ΚᇘૡΕᑇΕ ٱࠧΕࣹଃฤᇆΕᐷᐊֱڤΕቹ֮ᆜΕᔆΔດႈᎅࣔհΖ ΰԫαᇘૡ ءઔߒᙇشऱ 54 ء۞ྥߓ٨ቹڶ 42 ء (78и)壄ᇘءΔ12 ء (22и) ؓᇘءΔ壄ᇘءᑇၦؓᇘءऱ 3.5 ΖංߒڂΔᚨנठषڇנठຍࠄቹ ழΔբەၦᔹᦰኙွਢאഏ՛ၸऱ࿙Δᚨᇠආش壄ᇘऱֱڤթֱঁ ᖂ࿙࠷شΔࠀױ९ᤄऱঅژཚૻ(ຫᙩࢣΔ2004)Ζ ΰԲαᑇ ءઔߒࢬਐऱᑇਢਐإ֮ࡉᇖךᇷறऱᑇΔ܀լץܶ૿ΕؾᙕΕݧΕၐΕᐖܫΖ54 ء۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱᑇא 20Д30 ࢬ۾ऱֺࠏ່ڍΔ٥ڶ 41 ء (75.9и)Δຟਢאቹ֮נठषऱψ՛՛۞ྥቹ塢ωΙࠡڻ 100~110 Δ٥ڶ 10 ء (18.5%)ΔຟਢאԿ७֮֏נठषऱψऄؒዿ࣒ಖωΖPatent (1998) ေ࣫ઝᖂᣊᖂ࿙ᦰढழΔᎁઝᖂᣊᖂ࿙ᦰढऱᑇࡉ༼ࠎऱಛஒֺڣ ࠐ֟Δຍױ౨ᄎທګᔹᦰृڇຘመڼᣊᤄᖂ۞ྥઝᖂழΔขسԫࠄઝᖂव ᢝऱዥ؈Ζࣥੳ(1998)ᎁઝᖂᣊᤄ㻽ڂᚨڣለ՛ऱᦰृۖലࠡփ୲១ ֏Δࠀאڶૻऱნࠐ।ሒࢼွऱઝᖂᄗ࢚Δᖄીवᢝإᒔࢤױ౨ڶᎄΖءઔߒ ࢬ։࣫ऱψ՛՛۞ྥቹ塢ω٤Δឈྥຟ֟࣍ 40 Δ܀ڇޢءऱ່৵ԫ ຟڶψᘣףईీωऱᇖךᇷறΔࠠໂઝᖂࢤऱवᢝႚሒΔױאᚦᇖ Patentΰ1998α ࡉࣥੳΰ1998αࢬᖜᐡऱլߩΖ ΰԿαٱࠧ 1. ૿Κءઔߒࢬਐऱ૿ٱࠧץܶΚۥΕۥΔ54 ء۞ྥߓ٨ቹ٤ ຝආشۥٱࠧΔࠀॵڶۥ壄ભऱቹׂ܂ءᠲऱຫ૪Ζ 2. փΚءઔߒࢬਐऱփٱࠧץܶΚۥΕຝ։ۥࡉۥΔ54 ء۞ྥߓ ٨ቹऱփڶ 52 ء (96.2и)ۥऱቹׂࡉᎅࣔΔຝ։ۥፖۥ ऱփٱࠧڶ 2 ء (3.8и)Δഏم۞ྥઝᖂ໑ढ塢ऱψڶᔊऱటပωࡉ ੌנठषऱψᦅऄீ߫-၌ൎఐωΖ ്ఴख़(1994)ਐננठൄڂီᤚΕભᖂऱઔߒΔףൎඒઝढ᥆ࢤऱ壄 ભ࿓৫(ץਔ༺ΕठڤΕٱࠧ)Δۖڇቹ૿ՂထᕠΔ໑࠷ᖂ࿙ऱფΔ ၞۖ༼ᖂ࿙ᔹᦰऱᘋᔊΖ ΰαࣹଃฤᇆᑑق ءઔߒࢬਐऱࣹଃฤᇆᑑقਢਐቹऱإ֮ᎅࣔΖ54 ء۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱ փ֮ڶᑑقࣹଃฤᇆृ 42 ء (78и)Δຟਢאቹ֮נठषऱψ՛՛۞ྥቹ塢ω Ιۖփ֮ྤᑑقࣹଃऱ 12 ء (22и)Δຟ᥆࣍Կ७֮֏נठषऱψऄؒዿ ࣒ಖωΖڍᑇ۞ྥߓ٨ቹڶࣹଃฤᇆΔᔞٽഏ՛ᖂ࿙ᔹᦰΙψऄؒዿ࣒ಖω ឈڶܧࣹଃฤᇆΔ܀ຟ᥆࣍ඖ૪ڤऱઝᖂ֮ີΔڣ్ऱᖂ࿙ᔹᦰᚨᇠڶ ܺᣄΙڶઔߒਐנഏ՛ᖂ࿙ֺለ౨൷࠹ඖ૪ڤऱઝᖂ֮ີ (ᇛΔ2002Ιᗝߐ ྶΔ2004)Ζ ΰնαᐷᐊֱڤ ءઔߒࢬਐऱᐷᐊֱڤץܶഏԳᒳထءፖءࠟႈΖ54 ء۞ྥߓ٨ቹ
խΔ᥆࣍ഏԳᒳထऱڶ 18 ء (33и)Δ᥆࣍ءঞ 36 ء (67и) Ζᔤࣔၞ(1991) ᎁ່ړऱቹᚨᇠנ۞ءՒऱᒳᙀΕ܂୮Ε୮Δ٦ᖕᖂ࿙ऱ֨ΕߢΕ سᛩቼנ࿇រࠐ໌܂ቹΔթ౨ࢷ୶ᖂ࿙ऱ֨ᨋΔᏺၞኙၢՒΕاගΕ א֗ഏ୮ऱᎁᢝΖ܀ᔤցਞΰ2000αᎁᖂ࿙ऱઝᖂנठढᚨᇠထૹ࣍റᄐΔ༉ ਢ܂ृኙ࣍ࢬᐊऱփ୲ؘႊറ壄Δڶփො֗ᔊ࠺ΔۖᐉࡳԳՈᚨਢઌᣂᏆऱ റ୮Ζءઔߒऱ۞ྥߓ٨ቹլᓵਢࢨਢഏԳᒳထءΔຟ᥆࣍ઝᖂवᢝ ᣊቹΔءऱਚࠃփ୲ڶᆖመറ୮ᐉࡳΔለ౨ႚሒψటωऱփොΖ ΰքαቹ֮ᆜ 1. ༺ቹֺࠏΚءઔߒࢬਐऱ༺ቹֺࠏץܶ᥊ᐙቹׂࡉ֫ᢄቹࠟጟΔ54 ءቹ խא᥊ᐙቹׂऱ(40Д60и)٥ڶ 2 ء (3.7и)Ιۖא֫ᢄቹऱ(40 Д60и)٥ڶ 40 ء (74.1и)Δࠡ塒ऱቹࠟृଫࠠΖ 2. ቹ֮ᆜΚቹ֮ᆜץܶొ֮ڗΕቹ֮լઌᣂΕኙᅃڤቹ֮ࡉᖞٽڤቹ֮ ٥ጟΔ54 ءቹ༓ຟ᥆࣍ψኙᅃڤቹ֮ωΔ٥ڶ 53 ء (98.1и)Ζء ઔߒ࣠ፖࣥੳ(1998)։࣫ 1985 ڣ۟ 1994 ڣऱઝᖂᣊᖂ࿙ᦰढऱ࣠ ਢઌٵऱΔ᧩ق۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱ༺ቹֺࠏՕຝ։ຟਢאቹ֮ٺתऱֱڤ ܧΖ ΰԮαᔆ ءઔߒࢬਐऱ 54 ء۞ྥߓ٨ቹΔ٤ຝආشψᔆࠋΕۥᖻᚌωא֗ψլ ֘٠Εլ႞ณωऱቹΔ᧩قءઔߒऱ۞ྥߓ٨ቹڇᔆຝ։ຟٽᖂ࿙ ᔹᦰऱᑑᄷΖᖂ࿙ኙ࣍ቹ່ॣऱٱွᚨᇠਢൕءऱՕ՛ΕݮणΕ૿ࡉቹ Δ۟ਢٱࠧऱᔆΔەᐞਢܡᤉᥛᔹ (ᏥᏕज़Δ2000)Ζ५ිႁ(1996)։ ࣫ԫءړऱቹਚࠃΔࠡढࢤᔆᏁऱठڤΰݮणΕՕ՛ΕݮኪΕૠΕ ്Εᇘૡαࡉऱփ୲ᠲ࠰ᓳԫીΔᇘૡ߂ࡐΔٱࠧऱᔆߜړΔᠱۥࣔཐΖ
ԲΕ۞ྥߓ٨ቹױᘜԵഏ՛ڣ్سढց։࣫
ΰԫαቹױᘜԵഏ՛ڣ్سढցऱ։܉ᄗउ ءઔߒආشփ୲։࣫ऄΔאቹऱᑇփ୲։࣫ऱψۯωΙܛᔹᦰ 54 ء۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱޢءփ୲Δࡉഏ՛ڣ్ଡسढցऱඒᖂ೯ࡉ։ ౨ԺਐᑑֺኙΔᗴᙇڶᣂऱቹ֮ᎅࣔΔૠጩᑇࡉࢬۍ։ֺΔࢬ࣠ڕ। 1 ࢬقΖ। 1 ቹױᘜԵഏ՛ڣ్سढցհ։܉ᄗउ ՛՛۞ྥቹ (P001~P040) ऄؒዿ࣒ಖ (P041~P050) პسढቹ (P051~P054) Γ Γ سढց ቹ ႈؾ ΰඒᖂ೯α ᑇ ֺࠏ(и) ᑇ ֺࠏ(и) ᑇ ֺࠏ(и) ๓ᆺऱפ౨ 15 1.6 0 0 0 0 क़࣠ኔጟऱפ౨ 23 2.5 0 0 0 0 ཬढऱ։ᣊ 5 0.5 0 0 0 0 ೯ढऱس 36 3.91 100 9.6 0 0 ೯ढऱଇ 78 8.5 171 16.4 0 0 ೯ढऱሎ೯ 26 2.8 64 6.1 0 0 ݮݮۥۥ ऱس ढ ೯ढऱ։ᣊ 21 2.3 40 3.8 0 0 ࣟ۫९᧶Ա 3 0.3 0 0 72 27.2 ଇढ᧢ᎨԱ 0 0 0 0 10 3.7 ܂ش პسढऱ ַଇढፍᡏ 0 0 0 0 5 1.8 شጟཷ 17 1.8 0 0 0 0 شΕ๓Εᆺཷ 1 0.1 0 0 0 0 ೯ढऱཷ۩ 92 10 105 10 0 0 ೯ढऱཷֱڤ 33 3.6 42 4 0 0 سढऱ ཷ ׀ئࡉՖ 1 0.1 0 0 0 0 سढࡉᛩቼ 33 3.6 0 0 9 3.4 Գࡉسढᇷᄭ 8 0.8 2 0.2 45 17.0 سژᛩቼ سढऱ ੴ൦سढᇷᄭ 8 0.8 0 0 0 0 ٽૠ 400 65.7 524 50.2 142 53.8 ൕ। 1 वΔ54 ء۞ྥߓ٨ቹխΔψ՛՛۞ྥቹωࡉڣ్سढ ցփ୲ઌᣂ 65.7иΔ։ؒڇΚݮݮۥۥऱسढΕسढऱཷࡉسढऱسژ ᛩቼԿଡցΙψऄؒዿ࣒ಖωࡉڣ్سढցփ୲ઌᣂ 50.2иΔ։ ܉ڇݮݮۥۥऱسढࡉسढऱཷԲଡցΙψპسढቹωࡉڣ్سढց փ୲ઌᣂ 53.8иΔ։܉ڇპسढऱ܂شࡉسढऱسژᛩቼࠟଡցΖ ΰԲαቹױᘜԵഏ՛ڣ్سढցऱփ୲։࣫ ءઔߒאഏ՛ڣ్۞ྥፖسᏆඒઝଡسढցࠉᖕΔආشփ୲ ։࣫ऄ։࣫۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱቹ֮Δࠀބנࡉຍଡسढցઌᣂऱඖ૪Δ։ܑ ᎅࣔڕՀΚ 1. ψݮݮۥۥऱسढωցઌᣂऱඖ૪ᜰᢞ
ψݮݮۥۥऱسढωցΔڇཬढֱ૿։Κ๓ᆺऱפ౨Εक़࣠ኔጟऱ פ౨Εཬढऱ։ᣊΙڇ೯ढֱ૿։Κ೯ढऱسΕ೯ढऱଇΕ೯ढऱሎ೯Ε ೯ढऱ։ᣊΖឯ࠷۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱຝ։֮ڗࡉቹׂᜰᢞᎅࣔڕ। 2 ࢬقΖ । 2 ቹױᘜԵψݮݮۥۥऱسढωցհփ୲։࣫ ႈؾ ։౨Ժਐᑑ ֮ڗᎅࣔ ቹׂᎅࣔ क़࣠ኔጟ ऱפ౨ 2-3-2-1!ኘᤚཬ ढक़Ε࣠Εጟ ٺࠠפ౨Ζ! ਜӜǺεᐋޑࡺ٣ όᒱǴচٰѬࢂස ݀ᐋǶ೭٤εᐋӃ໒Ǵ ฅࡕᖴΑ൩่݀ηǴᐊ ηᐋ่ᐊηǴឮਲᐋ ่ឮਲǴఛᐋ่ఛηǴ ݀ᐋฅ่݀៷Ǽ ਜӜǺεᐋޑࡺ٣ ೯ढऱሎ ೯ 2-2-2-2 व ሐ ೯ ढऱሎ೯ֱڤΖ! 2-3-2-2 ᨠኘ೯ढ ሎ೯ֱڤऱ ࢤΖ ਜӜǺૈ༸ޑλᇋီ λ॥࡛ሶၢଆᆸٰ ΑǻӳႽޔᙅ 8 ӷ ᙯǶচٰӴ҅ӧעౢᇋ ޑӦБນεৎǶӴၢள ຫᄌǴ൩߄Ңᇋᚆৎࡐ ᇻǶၢளזǴ߄Ңᚆৎࡐ ߈Ƕӵ݀൩ӧߕ߈ǴӴ൩ ၢλ༝୮ᆸǴόӆو 8 ӷΑǶ ਜӜǺૈ༸ޑλᇋီ 2. ࡉψპسढऱ܂شωցઌᣂऱඖ૪ᜰᢞ ψპسढऱ܂شωցΔץܶΚࣟ۫९᧶ԱΕଇढ᧢ᎨԱࡉַଇढፍᡏΖ אψࣟ۫९᧶Աωࠏ܂ᎅࣔΔܛຘመۚณࡉ࣋Օᢴᨠኘ᧶ပΔᎁᢝ᧶ပऱዌທΔ ຘመᇷறگႃࡉᔹᦰΔኘᤚ᧶ပࡉԳᣊسऱᣂএΖ༼נ۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱຝ։ ֮ڗࡉቹׂᜰᢞᎅࣔڕ। 3 ࢬقΖ
। 3 ቹױᘜԵψპسढऱ܂شωցհփ୲։࣫ ႈؾ ։౨Ժਐᑑ ֮ڗᎅࣔ ቹׂᎅࣔ ࣟ۫९᧶ Ա 1-3-4-2 ᙃ ᢝ נ ᇷறऱᐛ֗ຏ ࢤࠀ܂ᇭᤩΖ 5-3-1-3 ઌॾ ွऱ᧢֏ڶࠡ ڂΖ 2-3-1-1 ༼ נ ം ᠲΕᨠኘࠃွऱ ᧢֏ࠀංྒྷױ౨ ऱڂ࣠ᣂএΖ ਜӜǺ⏯ξ Ȩ⏯ࢂ࡛ሶߏрٰ ޑǻȩλऍӳڻޑୢǶȨഽǼ ⏯ࢂᅿᑰᜪǴឦܭǴ ѬॺࢂҔ᪐ηٰᕷޑǴ᪐ ηࡐλǴԺό࣮ܰள ډǴ᪐ηߏрํΞ่ӝӧ ଆԋࣁǴΞӝ ԋηჴᡏǴ೭ঁਔংѬॺ ӧӦۭΠǴډΠߘǴβ ΑǴηჴᡏߵрΑᓐǴ൩ ᡂԋԚႽλߘദޑ⏯ΑǶ ਜӜǺ⏯ξ 3. ࡉψسढऱཷωցઌᣂऱඖ૪ᜰᢞ ψسढऱཷωցΔڇཬढཷץܶΚشጟཷΕشΕ๓ΕᆺཷΙ ڇ೯ढཷץܶΚ೯ढऱཷ۩Ε೯ढऱཷֱڤΕ׀ئࡉՖΖឯ࠷۞ྥ ߓ٨ቹऱຝ։֮ڗࡉቹׂᜰᢞᎅࣔڕ। 4 ࢬقΖ । 4 ቹױᘜԵψسढऱཷωցհփ୲։࣫ ႈؾ ։౨Ժਐᑑ ֮ڗᎅࣔ ቹׂᎅࣔ شጟ ཷ 2-3-2-1 ᄳ৫ΕՒ ᣦᐙཬढऱس Δլٵཨஒچᔞ ᚨՀࠐऱཬढՈ ٺլઌٵΖ࿇ཬ ढཷऱֱऄڶ ڍጟΖ ਜӜǺ आᐋޑ࠸η λҥвಒޑᢀჸࡕǴว Α٤ձޑӦБǶȨѬॺ ࢂआᐋНвޑλ࠸Ǵգ࣮ Ԗ٤όࢂςᚆ໒༰༰කӧ ݝӦΑ༏ǻѝाකӧݝ ӦǴѬॺ൩ाԾρΑǶȩ ਜӜǺ आᐋޑ࠸η
ႈؾ ։౨Ժਐᑑ ֮ڗᎅࣔ ቹׂᎅࣔ ೯ढऱ ཷ ۩ 2-3-2-2 ᨠኘ೯ढ ڕ۶سཷΕႚᎠಛ ஒΖ 2-3-2-3 वሐ೯ढ ऱཷ۩Ζ ਜӜǺλഁټК ೭ٿଫԃᇸޑλഁټາ ډӦ༸ګǻྗഢѺࢎ ༏ǻόǼόǼКکѷᛥ ѝࢂᇸᇸޑҔሷη࿘࿘ჹ БǴҔ㱐མՐჹБيᡏǹ ೭ࢂټηངޑБԄǶ ਜӜǺλഁټК 4. ࡉψسढऱسژᛩቼωցઌᣂऱඖ૪ᜰᢞ ψპسढऱ܂شωցΔץܶΚسढࡉᛩቼΕԳࡉسढᇷᄭΕੴ൦سढᇷᄭ ΖאψԳࡉسढᇷᄭωࠏ܂ᎅࣔΔطઝᖂࢤऱ൶ߒ೯խΔवሐسढࡉԳᣊ ऱᣂএയ֊ΔࠀԱᇞسढᡦᜯጟऱڂΔၞۖ౨ڶࠠ᧯ऱঅᥨسढ۩೯Ζ༼נ ۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱຝ։֮ڗࡉቹׂᜰᢞᎅࣔڕ। 5 ࢬقΖ । 5 ቹױᘜԵψسढऱسژᛩቼωցհփ୲։࣫ ႈؾ ։౨Ժਐᑑ ֮ڗᎅࣔ ቹׂᎅࣔ Գࡉسढ ᇷ ᄭ 1-3-4-3 ط ᇷ ற ᧩قऱઌᣂΔං ྒྷࠡહ৵ױ౨ऱ ڂ࣠ᣂএΖ 6-3-3-2 ᧯ ᄎ ڇ ച۩ऱᛩᆏխΔ ڶڍᣂࢤऱ ڂైᏁەၦΖ ਜӜǺλੇೠӭ ӧӄШࣚКၨྕཪޑੇ ୱёа࣮ډੇೠޑᙫၞǴ ᆵޑዋ෫ဂǴ׳ࢂੇೠ ਔதрؒޑӦБǴவᅕϻ ᇤעؤॺբᚢങٰံ१Ǵ ߈ԃٰӢࣁߥػΓγޑ࠹ ǴӆудॺڀԖᢀӀሽ ॶǴωڙډКၨӳޑߥៈǶ ਜӜǺλੇೠӭ ڣԫᓰ࿓ഏ՛ၸऱψઝᖂፖݾᎁवω։౨ԺਐᑑխΔᎁᢝ೯ཬढ ऱسኪਢڣ్سढᄗ࢚ᖂऱၗ(ඒߛຝΔ2004)Δءઔߒࢬਐऱ 54 ء۞ྥߓ ٨ቹࡉഏ՛ڣ్سढցփ୲ڶઌᣂऱڶ 50.2%~65.7иΔۖਢቹ֮ࠀ Δױאᚥܗ۞ྥඒஃᇞެאՂऱܺᣄΔਚലຍࠄቹ࣋ᆜڇඒΔᨃᖂس ࡳཚᔹᦰਢױ۩ऱΖ
ԿΕࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹኙᖂ࿙ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞհᣂএ
ΰԫαิփಱូএᑇٵᔆࢤᛀࡳ 㻽ە᧭ࠟิᖂ࿙ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞਢܡࠠໂٵᔆࢤΔಾኙࠟิᖂ࿙ऱઝᖂᔹᦰ ᇞছྒྷၞ۩ิփಱូএᑇऱٵᔆࢤᛀࡳΔە᧭࣠࿇ΔF=1.428Δp=.236Δآሒ ᧩ထฆΔ।قছྒྷګᜎኙ৵ྒྷګᜎၞ۩ಱូ։࣫ΔࢬऱࠀྤլٵΔױव ࠟิᖂ࿙հၴࠠڶٵᔆࢤΔױאᤉᥛၞ۩ᗑمᑌءڂ٥᧢ᑇ։࣫Ζ ΰԲαᗑمᑌءڂ٥᧢ᑇ։࣫ ലࠟิᖂ࿙ऱઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭৵ྒྷګᜎၞ۩ڂ٥᧢ᑇ։࣫Δ࣠ڕ। 6 ࢬ ق Δ । ق ࠟ ิ ᖂ ࿙ ڇ ઝ ᖂ ᔹ ᦰ ᇞ ྒྷ ᧭ ৵ ྒྷ ؓ ݁ ։ ᑇ ࠠ ڶ ᧩ ထ ฆ ΰF=126.207Δp=.000αΙࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱኔ᧭ิᖂسΔઝᖂᔹᦰ ᇞྒྷ᧭ऱګᜎᚌ࣍ኙᅃิᖂسΔሒࠩ᧩ထฆΖ । 6 ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭৵ྒྷऱᗑمᑌء F ᛀࡳհ࣠ ิܑ Գᑇ ؓ݁։ᑇ(MD) ᑑᄷ(SD) F ଖ P ଖ Γኔ᧭ิΓ 34 59.91 5.48 ኙᅃิ 33 45.35 6.02 126.207 .000 ** ** pІ.01 ΰԿαኔ᧭ิᖂ࿙ڇլٵ֮౨Ժڂࠃ৵ֺለ 㻽ە᧭ኔ᧭ิլٵߢ౨Ժऱᖂ࿙Δڇઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭ਢܡڶ᧩ထฆΔ Ꮑၞ۩ࠃ৵ֺለΖ࣠࿇Δ֮౨Ժิፖխ֮౨Ժิᖂ࿙Δڇઝᖂᔹᦰ ᇞ৵ྒྷऱؓ݁ᑇฆ 2.327ΰp=.261Ї.05αΔآሒ᧩ထฆΙ֮౨Ժิፖ܅ ֮౨Ժิᖂ࿙ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞ৵ྒྷऱؓ݁ᑇฆ 7.051 ΰp=.008І.01αΔሒࠩ ᧩ထฆΙխ֮౨Ժิፖ܅֮౨Ժิᖂ࿙ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞ৵ྒྷऱؓ݁ᑇฆ 1.981ΰ p=0.024І.05αΔሒࠩ᧩ထฆΙڂڼΔءઔߒ࿇ᖂ࿙ऱᔹᦰᇞᄎڂ ֮౨ԺլٵۖڶฆΔ֮౨Ժऱᖂ࿙Δᔹᦰᇞ।ለړΖ ΰαઝᖂᔹᦰᇞٺิছ৵ྒྷګᜎ։࣫ ᛵᇞࠟิΕխΕ܅լٵᔹᦰᇞऱᖂ࿙հᖂΔലࠟิᖂ࿙ࠉᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭ছྒྷ։ᑇ։ΕխΕ܅։ิΖᚨشψઌࠉᑌء t ە᧭ωᛀࡳࠟิᖂ࿙խٺ ิऱઝᖂᔹᦰᇞছ৵ྒྷऱګᜎΔᛀࡳ࣠ڕ। 7 ࢬقΖኔ᧭ิऱΕխΕ܅։ ิᖂ࿙ऱઝᖂᔹᦰᇞছΕ৵ྒྷګᜎࠠڶ᧩ထฆΔۖኙᅃิΕխΕ܅։ิᖂ ࿙ऱઝᖂᔹᦰᇞছΕ৵ྒྷګᜎլࠠڶ᧩ထฆΙ᧩ق۞ྥߓ٨ቹᆜԵඒ ᨃᖂ࿙ࡳཚᔹᦰΔ౨༼֒ᖂ࿙ऱઝᖂᔹᦰᇞΔլጥਢΕխΕ܅։ิᖂ࿙ຟԫ ᑌڶயΖ । 7 ࠟิխլٵઝᖂᔹᦰᇞิհઌࠉᑌء t ە᧭ኴ। ছྒྷ։ᑇ ৵ྒྷ։ᑇ ิܑ ᔹᦰᇞ ิܑ ؓ݁։ᑇ ᑑᄷ ؓ݁։ᑇ ᑑᄷ ؓ݁։ ฆ t ଖ P ଖ ։ิ 49.33 4.6904 63.88 4.3429 14.55 -8.036 .000** խ։ิ 36.53 2.5033 59.20 4.6782 22.67 -18.79 .000** ኔ᧭ิ ܅։ิ 24.40 7.1368 57.40 5.9852 33 -12.28 .000** ։ิ 56.77 2.3333 53.44 9.0431 -3.33 1.325 .222 խ։ิ 47.13 3.2429 46.06 4.0409 -1.11 .852 .407 ኙᅃิ ܅։ิ 35.38 8.3484 34.63 11.288 -0.75 .273 .793 ** pІ.01 ຫભᏕΰ2004αאᔹᦰઝཏᦰढኔ᧭൳ࠫΔ࿇ኔ᧭ิऱઝᖂ֮ີᔹᦰ ᇞྒྷ᧭։ᑇឈᚌ࣍ኙᅃิΔ܀آሒࠩ᧩ထฆΔڼຝ։ፖءઔߒ࣠լԫᑌΖߒ ࠡڂΔઝᖂᦰढऱ֮ີױ։ᎅ֮ࣔፖඖ૪֮(Kameenui & Simmons, 1990)Δ ຫભᏕΰ2004αࠌشऱઝཏᦰढץܶᎅ֮ࣔፖඖ૪֮Δءઔߒࢬࠌشऱቹઃ ඖ૪֮Δڂഏ՛ᖂ࿙ऱᔹᦰ౨ԺለΔለ౨൷࠹ඖ૪ڤऱઝᖂ֮ີΔኙ࣍ᎅ ࣔڤऱઝᖂ֮ີঞขسᔹᦰܺᣄ(ᗝߐྶΔ2004)Ιءઔߒ࿇ࡳཚᔹᦰቹհ ᖂ࿙ኙ࣍ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞለԫᖂᛩቼհᖂ࿙ᚌΔࡉ Wilkinson and Anderson (1995) ᎁᖂ࿙ၞ۩ᗑمᔹᦰழΔ౨ڶለᐋڻऱᔹᦰᇞհऄઌٵΖ
Εࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹኙᖂ࿙ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞհᇭᤩࢤ։࣫
1. ྒྷ᧭ᠲ։࣫ፖᓫᖂ࿙ ಾኙኔ᧭ิᖂ࿙ऱψઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭ωΔޢԫᠲছΕ৵ྒྷऱኙΔၞ۩ SPSS อૠ։࣫Δലآሒࠩ᧩ထฆऱᠲؾΔၞ۩תዌᓫΔᇭᤩࢤ։࣫ࠀᜰ ᢞᎅࣔΖ (1) ઝᖂဲნΚ ၂ᚒ 1-3ǺᇀϦमޑ݀ჴԖ้ЛǵЪλԶᇸǴ܌аܰڙډѦΚԶಥᚆǴԜᅿኞ ᅿޑБԄךॺᆀࣁȐ1ȑ॥ΚȐ2ȑНΚȐ3ȑނΚȐ4ȑаࣣࢂǶ ಾኙאψ౨वሐཬढऱس९Εسཷයٙω܂ࡎᠲवᢝຫ૪Δٺ֮౨Ժᖂ ࿙ڇڼᠲ৵ྒྷᠲ։࣫ڕ। 8 ࢬقΖڶ 44.4и~77.8иऱᖂ࿙ᎁאՂઃਢΔ֠ࠡ ਢ֮౨Ժิᖂ࿙Δᎁ፠ֆ࣠ኔऱᐾጟֱڤױଅԺΕֽԺΕ೯ढԺΖ । 8 ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭৵ྒྷ 1-3 ᠲኔ᧭ิᖂ࿙ऱᠲൣݮ Γ Γ Γூᙇႈ 1Ϡ 2 2 4 ֮౨Ժิ(N=9) 22.2и 0и 0и 77.8и խ֮౨Ժิ(N=15) 46.7и 0и 0и 53.3и ܅֮౨Ժิ(N=9) 55.6и 0и 0и 44.4и ٤᧯(N=33) 42.4и 0и 0и 57.6и * إᒔூ ಾኙ֮౨Ժิᖂ࿙ऱڃΔઔߒቹቹ֮ᎅࣔ࿇Κቹᎅࣔ፠ֆ ࣠ኔڂଅԺۖᆵࠩ՛ࠨ⳻ߪՂΔࢨᆖመՀຳ৵ΔࠩԱਞ֚ጟ༉࿇ॕԱΔࢬ אᨃᔹᦰቹऱᖂ࿙ᎄאႚᐾऱֱڤڶଅԺΕֽԺࡉ೯ढԺΔຍױ౨ທګ৵ ྒྷᖂ࿙ऱኙ֘ۖ૾܅ऱڂΖ܀ᆖመԫଡִ৵Δᖂ࿙൷࠹ᓫழΔ։ᆢᖂ ࿙ຟ౨ᎅנ፠ֆᔾଅԺࠐႚᐾ࣠ኔΔՈ堚ᄑऱᎅࣔଅԺΕֽԺࡉ೯ढԺऱԿጟ ႚᐾֱڤΔࠀᜰࠏᎅࣔΖאՀឯ࠷ᓫᖂ࿙ऱᇷற܂ᎅࣔΚ InvǺ၂ᇥрᇀϦम݀ჴޑኞᅿБԄᆀࣁϙሶǻ ଯ S19Ǻ॥ΚǶ InvǺᇥᇥ࣮ᅿηኞ॥ΚǵНΚǵނΚǴ೭ΟᅿБݤϐ໔Ԗϙሶόӕǻ ଯ S19Ǻ॥Κ൩ႽᇀϦमኬǴ൩०ϺǴ॥ଶΑǴᅿηԾฅफ़
ပӧӦय़ǶНΚ߾ࢂᅿηӧНय़ǴӧНؑوǴᅆੌӧβᝆ ਔǴ൩ૈғߏΑǶނΚࢂചӞΑᅿηࡕӆҗ௨ݧނǴပӧёғߏޑ ӦБ൩ёғӸǶ InvǺёаӚᖐঁٯηᇥܴ࣮࣮Ƕ ଯ S19Ǻ༕ɴךᇡࣁ॥ΚޑނࢂᇀϦमǶНΚࢂྲྀηǶނΚࢂଲ ଞǶ ΰଯ S19ೖǴ950117α (2) ૹᄗ࢚Κ ၂ᚒ 1-25ǺΠӈԖᜢܭᄬޑ௶ॊǴবࢂ҅ዴޑǻȐ1ȑယηࢂੌрН य़ޑȐ2ȑఒࢂ՜рНय़ޑȐ3ȑጪጲࢂޑ݀ჴȐ4ȑаࣣ ࢂǶ ڼᠲאψ౨वሐլٵጟᣊऱཬढΔࠠڶլٵऱक़Ε࣠ኔࡉጟω܂ࡎᠲव ᢝຫ૪Δٺ֮౨Ժᖂ࿙ᇠᠲ৵ྒྷᠲ։࣫ڕ। 9 ࢬقΔ।قڶ 44.5и66.8иऱ ᖂ࿙լᎁٵᓊᓒਢ๛क़ऱ࣠ኔΖ । 9 ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭৵ྒྷኔ᧭ิᖂ࿙ऱᠲൣݮ Γ Γ Γ ூᙇႈ 1 2 3 4Ϡ ֮౨Ժิ(N=9) 33.3и 33.3и 0и 33.3и խ֮౨Ժิ(N=15) 20и 26.7и 0и 53.3и ܅֮౨Ժิ(N=9) 44.4и 0и 0и 55.6и ٤᧯(N=33) 30.3и 21.2и 0и 48.5и * إᒔூ ಾኙڼᠲၞ۩ᖂ࿙ᓫΔޣᖂ࿙Հᓊᓒڇ๛क़ऱۯᆜΔ࣠࿇ᖂ࿙ຟ ᎁᓊᓒਢጟΔΕխ֮౨Ժิऱᖂ࿙౨נᓊᓒऱۯᆜΔ܅֮౨Ժิऱ ᖂ࿙ঞܡΖᙇقᖂ࿙ྤऄ։ᙃ๛क़ऱψ࣠ኔωፖψጟωΖאՀឯ࠷ᓫᖂ࿙ऱᇷ ற܂ᎅࣔΚ InvǺᇥᇥ࣮Ǵጪጲࢂጪޑϙሶᄬǻ ଯ S15Ǻᔈ၀ࢂᅿηփǼ
InvǺёаᛤკᇥܴ࣮࣮༏ǻ ଯ S15Ǻ ΰଯ S15ೖǴ950117α (3) ᧤ᙀංΚ ၂ᚒ 2-16ǺԖᜢ༾ғނޑ௶ॊǴΠӈՖޣࢂᒱᇤޑǻȐ1ȑஒ१ࠔܫΕӇጃࢂࣁ ΑߥଳᔿǴ٬༾ғނคݤғߏȐ2ȑ१ނᡂለࢂ༾ғނޑբҔǴ߄ Ң܌Ԗޑ१ނᡂᚯΑόૈ१ҔȐ3ȑࣁΑٛЗ༾ғނғӸǴёаӧ१ ނύуΕεໆޑᡶȐ4ȑाᢀჸ༾ғނךॺёа٬Ҕܫε᜔Ƕ ڼᠲאψ౨वሐ᧶ပࡉԳᣊسऱᣂএω܂ࡎᠲवᢝຫ૪Δٺ֮౨Ժᖂ ࿙ڇᇠᠲ৵ྒྷᠲ։࣫ڕ। 10 ࢬقΔڶ 6.7иխ֮౨Ժิऱᖂ࿙ᎁψଇढ ᧢Ꭸਢპسढऱ܂شΔ।قࢬڶऱଇढ᧢ᡏԱլ౨ଇشωਢᙑᎄऱຫ૪Ζ । 10 ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭৵ྒྷኔ᧭ิᖂ࿙ऱᠲൣݮ Γ Γ Γ ூᙇႈ 1 2Ϡ 3 4 ֮౨Ժิ(N=9) 11.1и 0и 11.1и 77.8и խ֮౨Ժิ(N=15) 13.3и 6.7и 40и 40и ܅֮౨Ժิ(N=9) 33.3и 0и 0и 66.7и ٤᧯(N=34) 18.2и 3и 21.2и 57.6и * إᒔூ ಾኙڼᠲၞ۩ᖂ࿙ᓫΔ࣠࿇ 55.6и֮౨Ժิࡉٺ 20иऱխΕ܅ ֮౨Ժิऱᖂ࿙Δ౨ᎅנψଇढ᧢Ꭸਢპسढऱ܂شΔ܀լז।ࢬڶଇढ᧢ᡏԱ լ౨ଇشωΙ֮౨Ժֺ܅֮౨Ժऱᖂ࿙ޓवሐᜰࠏڶୌࠄଇढ᧢Ꭸਢط࣍პ سढऱ܂شΖאՀឯ࠷ᓫᖂ࿙ऱᇷற܂ᎅࣔΚ
InvǺᇥᇥ࣮Ǵգᇡࣁ१ނᡂለࢂ༾ғނޑբҔ༏ǻ ଯ S23ǵե S14ǺࢂǶ InvǺ༾ғނᡣ१ނᡂለ൩߄Ң१ނᚯΑ༏ǻ ଯ S23ǺόۓഽǶ ե S14ǺόۓփǻȐᅪൽޑ߄ȑ InvǺԖؒԖόࢂޑٯηǴёаᖐٯᇥܴ༏ǻ ଯ S23ǺԖ٤ࢂाᓬႀ٢܈٢݀ωܫӧ༾ғނѐᡂለǹٯӵܫ٢ለ ᡣ१ނᡂለǴёࢂؒԖᚯǶ ե S14ǺёૈวΑǶ Ȑଯ S23ǵե S14ೖǴ950118ȑ (4)։࣫ቃྒྷΚ ၂ᚒ 1-20Ǻ᠐ֹԖᜢᇐޑკฝਜǴΠӈবՉࣁࢂᇐౢғޑǻȐ1ȑᇐ ༰༰ԛౢռǴࡐϿȐ2ȑখрғޑλᝊᝊёаߏၲΎঁДό १ǴѝᓯӸӧᡏϣޑિެȐ3ȑλᝊᝊ҂ჯϯǴᇐ༰༰ஒռ ៶ङӧङȐ4ȑᇐغηᎧਔǴ൩ᆉࢂӕᜪΨϕ࣬ූఠǶ ڼᠲאψ౨वሐ೯ढऱߪ᧯؆ݮࡉዌທΔ೯ढܓشዌທլٵऱ೯Ζω ܂ࡎᠲवᢝຫ૪Δٺ֮౨Ժᖂ࿙ڇڼᠲ৵ྒྷᠲ։࣫ڕ। 11 ࢬقΔڼᠲؾऱ ਢᨃᖂ࿙Աᇞᅝ፰ဥߚ塍ழΔᄎڶյઌྲྀවऱࢤΖڶ 22.2иऱΕ܅֮౨ Ժิፖ 66.7иխ֮౨Ժิऱᖂ࿙ᙇᖗψ፰ဥऱ՛ᣪᣪآ֏ছΔ፰ဥააലܜ ᦖહڇહՂωਢإᒔऱΔ܀፰ဥააਢലܜᦖહڇᆮຝΖ । 11 ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭৵ྒྷ 1-20 ᠲኔ᧭ิᖂ࿙ऱᠲൣݮ ூᙇႈ 1 2 3 4Ϡ ֮౨Ժิ(N=9) 0и 33.3и 22.2и 44.4и խ֮౨Ժิ(N=15) 0и 0и 66.7и 33.3и ܅֮౨Ժิ(N=9) 0и 33.3и 22.2и 44.4и ٤᧯(N=33) 0и 15.2и 45.5и 39.4и * إᒔூ
ಾኙڼᠲၞ۩ᖂ࿙ᓫΔ࣠࿇ΕխΕ܅֮౨Ժิऱᖂ࿙ᄎሎش۞ա ᦰመ່ࠥऱٱွࠐڃڼᠲؾΔথ࢙ฃא፰ဥააࣄܜᦖڇᆮຝऱቹׂቃྒྷ ։࣫Δۖᎁ፰ဥააലܜᦖહڇહՂΖאՀឯ࠷ᓫᖂ࿙ऱᇷற܂ᎅࣔΚ InvǺᇐ҂ჯϯǴᇐ༰༰ࢂஒռ៶ङӧङǻᗋࢂڰۓӧဎǻ ύ S9ǵύ S34ǺङǶ InvǺᇥᇥ࣮գޑགྷݤǻ ύ S9ǺӢࣁӧဎޑ၉Ǵռ៶ёૈᓸࡧǴङ൩ૈङӧԾρޑङǴКၨ όܰวғڮਢǶ Ȑύ S9ǵύ S34ೖǴ 950117ȑ 2. ઝᖂᐊ܂ ലઝᖂᐊ܂ၞ۩ᇭᤩࢤ։࣫Δؾऱڇ൶ಘᖂ࿙ਢܡڶᖂፖᚨشઝᖂᔹᦰ ᇞऱଡڻ౨ԺΔࢬ࣠ڕ। 12 ࢬقΔ࿇֮౨Ժ။ऱᖂ࿙Δઝᖂᐊ܂ழ ࢬࠌشऱઝᖂဲნ။ڍΖխ֮౨Ժิऱᖂ࿙ᐊנψૹᄗ࢚ωऱڻᑇ່ڍΔլ ᓵਢୌጟ֮౨Ժऱᖂ࿙Δࠡઝᖂᐊ܂ܧ։࣫ቃྒྷऱ౨Ժৰ܅ΔՈڶܧ᧤ ᙀංऱ౨ԺΖ । 12 լٵ֮౨Ժᖂ࿙ऱઝᖂᐊ܂ࠌشઝᖂᔹᦰᇞଡڻ౨Ժհ։࣫ Γ֮౨Ժิܑ ֮౨Ժิ (N=9) խ֮౨Ժิ (N=15) ܅֮౨Ժิ (N=9) ؓ݁ࠌشψઝᖂဲნωڻᑇ 2.8 1.0 0.2 ؓ݁ࠌشψૹᄗ࢚ωڻᑇ 3.0 4.0 3.0 ؓ݁ࠌشψ᧤ᙀංωڻᑇ 0 0 0 ؓ݁ࠌشψ։࣫ቃྒྷωڻᑇ 0.4 0.12 0 ΰԲαլٵ֮౨Ժᖂ࿙ᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹ৵ऱڶᄗ࢚൶ಘ 1.ઝᖂဲნֱ૿Κ ᖂ࿙ኙ࣍բᆖᑵ൜ऱࠃൣΔڕႂࢤᘛ־ᄎܓش࿇٠ܮ֧ᎿࢤΔवሐਢψီ ᤚܮ֧ωΙᘷތ۔ቕΔवሐᘷਢ۔ቕऱψ֚ᑅωઝᖂဲნࠠڶԫࡳऱᛵᇞΔኙ
ڇ 90%אՂΖ܀խΕ֮౨Ժऱᖂ࿙ᎁ፠ֆऱक़ଲ৵Δ᧢ګ౹ֻणΕ ቝक़ऱዌທਢψጟωۖլਢ࣠ኔΔױߠהଚࡸྤऄൕ፠ֆቹऱᔹᦰխΔ ։ᙃጟࡉ࣠ኔऱฆΖאՀឯ࠷ᓫᖂ࿙ऱᇷற܂ᎅࣔΚ InvǺգૈᇥрᇀϦमޑᖴࡕനࡕᡂԋϙሶǻ ଯ S21ǺךளᡂԋқՅාޑᅿηǶ InvǺᇥᇥ࣮ᇀϦमޑᅿηک݀ჴৡձӧব္ǻ ଯ S21ǺךளᇀϦमѝԖᅿηǴӢࣁᅿηхӧ္य़Ǵ܌аᖴΑǴ൩ ࣮ډᅿηΑǶᇀϦमؒԖ݀ჴǶ ύ S9ǺӢࣁவკฝਜٰ࣮ǴߏளࡐႽᅿηǶ Ȑଯ S21ǵύ S9ೖǴ950203ȑ 2. ૹᄗֱ࢚૿Κ ᖂ࿙ຟवሐԫࢤऱૹᄗ࢚Δڕ۔ᨓਢۚଇࢤऱΔኙڇ 94.1%אՂΖ ܀ԫᖂ࿙ኙ࣍ᄅᖂऱᄗ࢚ຫ૪Δڕψ౨वሐسढऱس९ࡉسཷᛩቼωΔឈྥ ᆖመᔹᦰΔս៱א۞աऱᆖ᧭Δڕᖂ࿙ᄎᎁદᖫࣥس९ᛩቼױ౨ۯڇۃჀ ࢨ௧ΔۖլਢࣾΕ௧ՑٌऱچֱΔ܀ቹڶᎅࣔદᖫࣥس९࣍ࣾΕ௧Ցٌ ऱچֱΖאՀឯ࠷ᓫᖂ࿙ऱᇷற܂ᎅࣔΚ InvǺգᇡࣁआᐋ݅ޑНвғߏӧব္ǻࣁϙሶգ೭ኬᇡࣁǻ ଯ S12Ǻԣ༠ǶӢࣁНвࢂНғނǴाߏӧԣ༠္ǶੇࢩޑНࢂᡶޑǴ ೭ኬނߏόԋǶ ύ S3ǺੇࢩǶӢࣁੇН౽Ǵעआᐋ݅ޑᅿηଌрѐǶ ե S14Ǻԣ༠ǶНвࢂߏӧԣ༠ύޑǶ Ȑଯ S12ǵύ S3ǵե S14ೖǴ950128ȑ 3. ᧤ᙀංֱ૿Κ ᖂ࿙ኙ࣍᧤ᙀංᠲীऱኙೣ܅Δ܅࣍ 40%Ζ܅֮౨Ժऱᖂ࿙ᆖൄ ॺࢬംΔխΕ֮౨Ժऱᖂ࿙ڃऱூՕຟൕᔹᦰቹխಖᖋۖࠐΔࠀ ڶش᧤ᙀංװᇞᠲΖڕᖂ࿙वሐ⛵ွᄎپ՛Δথྤऄං⛵ွࠀॺ౻ଇࢤΙ ᓫ࿇ᖂ࿙ᎁ⛵ွፖᘚᢒԫᑌΔຟਢ՛Δࢬאਢ౻ଇࢤऱΖאՀឯ࠷ᓫ ᖂ࿙ऱᇷற܂ᎅࣔΚ InvǺᇥᇥ࣮Ǵ╕ຝǵᖠጶǴӚឦܭ१܄ǵԺ१܄܈ᚇ१܄ޑবᅿǻ ଯ S17Ǻ╕ຝࢂ१܄ǴᖠጶࢂԺ१܄Ƕ
InvǺᇥᇥ࣮ࣁϙሶգ೭ኬᇡࣁǻ ଯ S17ǺӢࣁ╕ຝЬ१ࢂယηǴϿኧӞλᙝǴԶᖠጶ߾ࢂޔௗӞܲᙝǶ InvǺࣁϙሶգᇡࣁ╕ຝЬ१ࢂယηǴϿኧӞλᙝǹ൩ࢂ१܄ǻ ଯ S17ǺךளӧਜӳႽԖ೭ኬቪၸǶ ύ S14ǺӢࣁ╕ຝၟᑺᛲߏளৡόӭǴ܌аךགྷؤᔈ၀ࢂ१܄ޑǶ Ȑଯ S17ǵύ S14ೖǴ941227ȑ 4. ։࣫ቃྒྷֱ૿Κ ᖂ࿙ኙ࣍։࣫ቃྒྷᠲীऱኙՈਢೣ܅Δ܅࣍ 40%Ζ܅Εխ֮౨Ժऱᖂ ࿙ྤऄ։࣫ቃྒྷΔ֮౨Ժऱᖂ࿙ᄎشٱွࠥऱᄗ࢚ࠐڃᠲؾΔࠀ༼נ۞ աᎁٽऱூΔ܀ቃྒྷ։࣫սྥլߩΖڕڶתᑇᖂ࿙ᎁᏕᓘࡉᗗຟᄎپ ಏΖၞ۩ᓫΔ࿇֮౨Ժऱᖂ࿙ᄎޓޏூΔᎁᏕᓘਢپक़፫ࡉᗗ پಏΖאՀឯ࠷ᓫᖂ࿙ऱᇷற܂ᎅࣔΚ InvǺգᇡࣁԖᜢܭስጸکᐷᙝȐკҢȑޑ௶ॊǴবࢂᒱᇤޑǻȐ1ȑٿ ᅿނ०Ȑ2ȑٿᅿނޑيᡏᚑՅࡐᗲܴȐ3ȑٿᅿނࢂܲ ᙝȐ4ȑٿᅿނӞ૯ᙝǶ ଯ S21ǺٿᅿނޑيᡏᚑՅࡐᗲܴǶ InvǺٗሶǴবᅿނޑيᡏᚑՅόࢂᗲܴޑǻ ଯ S21ǺᐷᙝيޑᚑՅࢂआՅࢂᗲܴޑǴስጸيޑᚑՅࢂՅǴόᗲܴǶ InvǺስጸکᐷᙝӞ૯ᙝǴჹ༏ǻ ଯ S21ǺስጸࢂӞᇋکᐷᙝӞ૯ᙝǶ Ȑଯ S21ೖǴ941227ȑ ۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱψ༺ωኙ࣍ᖂ࿙ڇڃઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭ழᐙৰՕΔ ڼઔߒ࣠ፖᇛΰ2002αᎁᖂ࿙ႜٻᎁڇᎅࣔڤઝᖂ֮ີॵףऱቹׂխΔ ࣐ࠠᇞᤩࢤऱቹׂਢለࠠڶܮ֧Ժऱઔߒ࣠ઌٵΖᏺףᖂسऱᔹᦰᇞ౨ ԺΔ႓֮ભ(2002)৬ᤜڇઝᖂඒᖂխΔඒஃᚨቔᚐᖂ࿙אઝᖂߢፖಘᓵΔ៶ אᏺၞᖂسኙઝᖂဲნऱᇞΙGagn’eΰ1985α৬ᤜᖂ࿙ڇᔹᦰழΔᙟழᐉ۞ աਢܡբᇞᔹᦰփ୲Ζءઔߒ࿇ᖂ࿙ຘመࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹΔ࿇ᖂ ࿙ֺለ୲࣐ലਚࠃᠲփ୲᠏ངګ۞ա࣐ᚩऱֱڤ൷࠹ΔGagn’e,Yekovich,ࡉ Yekovichΰ1993αᎅࣔᖂ࿙։࣫ቃྒྷழΔ٣ലᄅᔹᦰऱ֮ີࡉբ৬مऱवᢝ ᖞٽΔթ౨։࣫ቃྒྷઝᖂ֮ີࢬڶܧऱᣂএΔ܀ڍᖂ࿙൷࠹ऱઝᖂ ೣٻवᢝऱಖᖋΔ࢙ۖฃࠡહ৵ऱದᄭΕრᆠፖኔᢞऱຝٝΰڠΕܦ֨ᄒΔ
2005αΖ ΰԿαᖂ࿙ኙ࣍ࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱუऄ֗ტ࠹ ᖂ࿙ኙ࣍ࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱუऄ֗ტ࠹Δᐊګઝᖂᐊ܂Δലࠡ։Κ ᏺףઝᖂᄗ࢚ऱवᢝΕᏺၞኙ۞ྥऱᖂᘋᔊΕᦟᔹᦰڶᣂ۞ྥઝᤄԿֱ ૿ࠐᇭᤩࢤ։࣫Ζ 1. ᏺףઝᖂᄗ࢚ऱवᢝ ڶ 87.9иᖂ࿙ڇઝᖂᐊ܂խΔࣔᒔऱᐊנࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹ౨ᛧ᠆ ༄ऱवᢝΙڶ 42.4иᖂ࿙ڇ֮ີխᜰࠏᎅࣔൕ۞ྥߓ٨ቹࢬᛧऱवᢝΙۖ 12.1иᖂ࿙ਐנᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹ౨ᑢ堚ڶᄗ࢚Ιڶ 15.2иᖂ࿙࿇ψ՛՛ ۞ྥቹ塢ωڇ່৵ԫᇖךઝᖂवᢝΔ౨ᏺףઝᖂᄗ࢚Ζ
2.ᏺၞኙ۞ྥऱᖂᘋᔊ
ڶ 78.8иᖂ࿙ڇઝᖂᐊ܂խΔࣔᒔऱᐊנࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹ౨ᨃהଚ ᦟ۞ྥΙڶ 57.7иᎁڕ࣠Ղ۞ྥፖسઝݾᏆऱᓰ࿓ழΔױאش۞ྥߓ٨ ቹࠐ࠷זऱᇩΔהଚᄎޓᦟՂ۞ྥᓰΖ3.ᦟᔹᦰڶᣂ۞ྥઝᤄ
ڶ 97иऱᖂ࿙ڇઝᖂᐊ܂խΔࣔᒔऱᐊנࡳཚᔹᦰ৵Δהଚᦟᔹᦰڶᣂ۞ ྥઝऱቹΙڶ 68.8иऱᖂ࿙ᦟቹऱ༺ቹΔڶ 75иᖂ࿙ᤚቹऱփ ୲ڶᔊΔᎁਚࠃࢤऱփ୲ױאᚥܗהଚ᎘ᠾऱवሐ೯ढऱࢤΖնΕጵٽಘᓵ
ᖂ࿙ຘመࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹΔᖂઝᖂဲნࡉૹᄗ࢚ழΔᄎᖕቹ ࢬܧՂՀ֮ຑ٣ໂवᢝװڃംᠲΔᖄીᖂ࿙ኙ࣍ψઝᖂဲნωֺለྤ ऄشՑᎅנΔΕխ֮౨Ժऱᖂ࿙ለ౨ᇞᤩψઝᖂဲნωऱრᆠΔڼፖ Gagn’e, Yekovich ࡉ Yekovichΰ1993αਐנᔹᦰऱᇞᒘၸΔᖂ࿙ᄎኙᅃՂՀ֮ऱრ৸װ ෲྒྷڶᣂΙڼઔߒ࣠Ոࡉᆺࡷΰ2005αऱյ೯ڤᢄءඒᖂኙᖂ࿙ऱઝᖂᔹᦰ ᇞ౨Ժऱઔߒ࣠ઌٵΙਲဎ⠛(1996)Ո࿇ᔹᦰᇞ౨ԺለऱᖂسΔᣄא ലࡎᠲၞ۩ิٽΖ ءઔߒ࿇ᖂ࿙ຘመࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹΔᖂઌᣂऱψ᧤ᙀංωፖ ψ։࣫ቃྒྷωழΔխ֮౨Ժิऱᖂ࿙ኙ࣍ඖ૪ࢤऱ۞ྥઝਚࠃڶࠄլᇞΔ ለྤऄၞ۩։࣫ቃྒྷΔۖאહಖᖋࢨ༈ބਚࠃխऱׂឰࠐڃംᠲΖ܅֮౨Ժิऱᖂ࿙ঞਢڂ֮౨ԺऱംᠲΔᖄીױ౨լᢝਚࠃխऱڗࢨृྤऄᇞ ਚࠃփ୲ऱܶრΔ۟ڇᓫழլ堚ᄑඒஃڇംչᏖംᠲΔהଚڇᖂઝᖂဲნ ፖૹᄗ࢚༉ขسᙑᎄΔޓྤऄሒࠩ᧤ᙀංΕ։࣫ቃྒྷޓᐋڻऱᖂΖڼ ઔߒ࣠ፖᗝߐྶࡉຫጘដ(2005)൶ಘഏ՛ᖂسᔹᦰᇞ౨Ժፖᖂ᧩პᢴઌᣂ ᓰ࿓հᣂএऱ࣠ઌٵΖᖂ࿙ᔹᦰݙቹհ৵Δᄎشٱွ່ࠥऱٱွࠐڃ ᓫᠲؾΔࠀ༼נ۞աᎁٽऱூΔ࢙ฃԱอᖞቹխऱቹ֮װၞ۩᧤ᙀ ංࢨቃྒྷ։࣫Ζ
ٔΕᓵፖ৬ᤜ
ԫΕᓵ
ءઔߒ։࣫ 54 ء۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱᇘૡΕᑇΕٱࠧΕࣹଃฤᇆΕᐷᐊֱڤΕ ቹ֮ᆜΕᔆढᇙࢤᔆΔᎁਢᔞٽഏ՛ᖂ࿙ᔹᦰऱΙࠡࡉഏ՛ڣ్سढ ցඒޗઌᣂࢤ 50.2%~65.7иΔ༺ቹፖ֮ڗܧٺתΔױאᚥܗ۞ྥඒஃΔ༼ ࠎ೯ཬढسኪᄗ࢚ᔹᦰऱᖂسΖઔߒ࿇ࡳཚᔹᦰ۞ྥߓ٨ቹऱኔ᧭ิᖂ سΔઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭ऱګᜎᚌ࣍ኙᅃิᖂسΔሒࠩ᧩ထฆΙ֮౨Ժऱ ᖂ࿙Δڇઝᖂᔹᦰᇞྒྷ᧭ګᜎΔᄎֺ֮౨Ժ܅ऱᖂ࿙।ለړΖࡳཚᔹᦰ ቹ౨ᚥܗᖂسᛧઝᖂᔹᦰᇞऱઝᖂဲნࡉૹᄗ࢚Δᖂ࿙ኙࡳཚᔹᦰቹ ऱტ࠹ຟࣄإ૿ऱኪ৫Ζਚ۞ྥඒஃലຍࠄቹ࣋ᆜڇඒΔᨃᖂس ࡳཚᔹᦰਢױ۩ࢤऱΖԲΕ৬ᤜ
(ԫ)ኙඒߛՠ܂ृ უല۞ྥߓ٨ቹ֧ၞඒऱඒߛՠ܂ृΔױאڇᓰഘՂቹऱᖄ ᦰࡉ൶ߒڤऱ༼ംΔࠀףԵൣრඒߛΔ౨ᨃᖂ࿙ᇿᙟඒஃ塄ګڕ۶ᔹᦰऱክΔ ൕᔹᦰխᖂࠩإᒔऱ۞ྥवᢝፖ۞ྥൣრై塄Ζ (Բ)ኙנठृ ൕቹᘜԵسढցඒޗ։࣫࿇ΔנठᄐᚨᇠᏺףპسढտฯፖൣრඒߛऱቹΙࠀቔᚐءՒ܂୮໌܂۞ྥߓ٨ऱቹΔઝᖂፖषᄎԳ֮ٽޓ౨ ܮ֧ᖂ࿙ࠐᔹᦰΔԱᇞ۞ྥፖسᏆᓰ࿓ऱ۞ྥඒஃΔૉᣋრൕࠃຍֱ૿ऱ໌ ܂Δലڶܗ࣍ᖂ࿙ޓᛵᇞፕءՒऱسኪᛩቼΖ (Կ)ኙᖂृ ᖂ࿙ڇᔹᦰհছΔૉ౨٣ᔹᇠቹऱ֧ߢࡉᖄᦰࢨඒஃૠऱᖂΔ ᖂ࿙ലኙᇠᤄڶᖞ᧯ऱᎁᢝΔֺለ౨ތ۰ૹᄗ࢚Εቹׂᎅࣔࡉઝᖂဲნऱრ ᆠΔࠀᖂ᧤ᙀංࡉ։࣫ቃྒྷऱ౨ԺΖ
ીʳ ʳ
ءઔߒ౨ജႉܓݙګΔଈ٣ტ۩ਙೃഏ୮ઝᖂࡡᄎऱᆖ၄֭(NSC 94-2511-S-152-007)ΙࠡڻΔტഏ՛ଡூඒஃऱ֭གඒᖂΔקᗼਬഏ՛ࠟଡఄ ్ᖂسऱٽΙ່৵Δტءઔߒᆢऱ߬ેፖΔᚥڦ৬مઔߒՠࠠऱॾΕய৫ ࡉᔆࢤᇷறऱᇭᤩࢤ։࣫Ζە֮
ޕངΕۂᐝఇ(1986)Ζፕᖂ࿙ᦰढऱנठֱٻ։࣫Ζဎ֮Δ41Δ7Ζ ޕፂΰ1998αΖ৸ፂፖߢΖፕקΚெগΖ ޕᣝដ(1998)Ζઝᖂ࿙ᇩऱᓵഗ៕Ζ֮ᖂΔ5 Δ149-194Ζ ࣥߜ(1996)Ζᨃᖂ࿙ࣲᓾړΖሉ࣍ਜਙݪ(ᒳ)Δᎁᢝᖂ࿙ᦰढ༺ΖፕקΚ֚ᓡΖ ࣥੳ(1998)Ζ۞ྥߓ٨ቹհᣊীΕዌፖ༺ቹ։࣫Ζፕࣟஃᒤᖂೃᖂ࿙֮ᖂઔߒࢬ ጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΖፕፕࣟΖ ࣥᣪ၆ΕᄘᐝඕΕߐ(1995)Ζխဎഏ֮౨Ժྒྷ᧭հᒳ፹֗ઌᣂڂైհઔߒΖඒ ߛઔߒᖂעΔ12Δ1-24Ζ ५ිႁ(1996)ΖؔࠝቹऱࣲᓾፖᚨشΖ፞බܓᠨִעΔ7Δ29-31Ζ ਲဎ⠛(1996)Ζഏ֮܅ګ༉ᖂسհᔹᦰᇞ౨ԺઔߒΖ۩ਙೃഏ୮ઝᖂࡡᄎറᠲઔߒ ૠګ࣠ܫΰNSC 84-2421-H-194-001-F5αΖ ੋ֮ࣟ(1997)Ζઝᖂ֮ີऱᔹᦰᇞΖৠࣟઝᖂඒߛΔ5Δ14-25Ζ ੋᥞ(2001)Ζ૿ኙԲԼԫધऱਗᖏΚԫଡഏ՛۔ஃڕ۶ᄷໂ۞աΔ٤ഏᖂ࿙ᔹᦰጟඒஃઔ֫םΔඒߛຝΖ མݳிΰ2000αΖઝᖂཏ֗ᦰढऱංᐖΖรԼքࡻઝᖂඒߛᖂઔಘᄎΖ ຫભཕ(1995)Ζፕچઝᖂᣊᖂ࿙ᦰढᓳઔߒΰ1985Ё1994αΖፕקؑΚዧભቹڶ ૻֆΖ ຫભᏕΰ2004αΖᔹᦰઝᖂཏ֗ᦰढඒᖂኙᔹᦰᇞ౨Ժፖ۞ྥઝᖂஂګ༉հᐙΖഏم ፕקஃᒤᖂೃᑇඒߛઔߒࢬጚՓᓵ֮ΖፕፕקΖ ຫࣔ৯ΰ2002αΖഏ՛ᖂ࿙ߢ౨ԺΕᔹᦰᇞ౨Ժፖᐊ܂।ᣂএհઔߒΖፕխஃᒤᖂ ೃᘬፖඒߛ֨ઔߒࢬጚՓᓵ֮ΖፕፕխΖ ຫᙩࢣ(2004)Ζ֚֮ᣊᚌߜᖂ࿙ᦰढհփ୲։࣫ΖፕקؑمஃᒤᖂೃઝᖂඒߛઔߒࢬጚՓ ᓵ֮ΔآנठΖፕፕקΖ ඒߛຝ(2004)Ζഏاխ՛ᖂڣԫᓰ࿓ᑉழጼΖඒߛຝΖ ്ఴख़(1994)Ζഏխඒઝᙇشࠫ৫հઔߒΖഏمፕஃᒤՕᖂඒߛઔߒࢬጚՓᓵ֮Δآ נठΖፕፕקΖ ്堚ዊ(2001)Ζڶயං೯ψᓰ؆ᔹᦰωऱฃΖሉ࣍ພ၆ᜣ(ᒳ)Δᖂ࿙ᔹᦰඒߛΰ 31-52αΖ ፕতΚഏمፕতஃᒤᖂೃ᎖ᖄΖ ്ᇣࢣ(2005)Ζᓫઝᖂ࿙ᇩڇอᖞඒޗխފዝऱߡۥΖ2005 ڣ 7 ִ 20 ֲΔ࠷۞ http://web.nutn.edu.tw/gac620/book/90 ్ᖂسറᠲ֮ີ/ઝᖂ࿙ᇩ.htmΖ ߜዊ(1997)Ζઝᖂᓰ֮ዌኙ࣍ઝᖂᖂऱᐙΖഏمፕஃᒤՕᖂ໑Փᓵ֮ΔآנठΖ ፕፕקΖ ႓֮ભΰ2002αΖֲൄشኙഏ՛քڣ్ᖂ࿙۞ྥઝᖂᖂऱᐙ-אഏᒳร 12 ᓰࠏΖ ഏمፕխஃᒤᖂೃ۞ྥઝᖂඒߛᖂߓጚՓᓵ֮ΖፕፕխΖ ႓ರᄦ(1996)Ζڕ۶ᔹᦰቹΖፕקؑΚຼᖯ֮֏ࠃᄐैٝڶૻֆΖ ႓壂ᘋΰ2003αΖᄗ࢚ዌቹᚨش࣍ઝᖂ֮ີᔹᦰඒᖂհઔߒΖፕխஃᒤᖂೃඒߛྒྷ᧭อૠ ઔߒࢬጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΖፕፕխΖ ᆺࡷΰ2005αΖյ೯ڤᢄءඒᖂ༼֒ഏ՛ᖂ࿙ઝᖂᔹᦰᇞ౨ԺհઔߒΖഏمፕקஃᒤ ᖂೃ۞ྥઝᖂඒߛઔߒࢬጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΖፕፕקΖ Ꮵිႅΰ2004αΖᢄءሎش࣍ഏ՛षᄎઝᖂᏆհඒᖂ൶ߒΖഏمፕஃᒤՕᖂඒߛઔ ߒࢬ໑Փᓵ֮ΔآנठΖፕፕקΖ ᏥᏕᘎΰ2000αΖᔹᦰᖂ࿙֮ᖂऱᑗᔊΖፕקΚ֚ᓡΖ ᓐ֮ពΰ2004αΖسढᣊᖂ࿙ᦰढփ୲։࣫հઔߒΖፕקؑمஃᒤᖂೃઝᖂඒߛઔߒࢬጚ Փᓵ֮ΔآנठΖፕፕקΖ
ᑛشسΰ1997αΖփ୲։࣫ऄΖሉ࣍႓٠ႂΕ១࿇ΰᒳαΔඒߛઔߒऄΰ 229-254αΖ ፕקΚஃՕΖ ᔤցਞ(2000)Ζڕ۶֟ڣΕᖂ࿙ᙇᖗઝᖂᦰढΖ٤ഏᄅᇷಛִעΔ18Δ18-19Ζ ᔤࣔၞΰ1991αΖᓫᚌભऱቹ-᠆༄Աᖂ࿙ऱ֨ᨋΖഏمխ؇ቹ塢ፕ։塢塢ಝΔ 2Δ28-31Ζ ᙙᣪଉΰ1999αΖഏ՛ᖂ࿙ᔹᦰᇞ౨Ժհ։࣫ΖഏඒᖂΔ11Δ100-133Ζ ڠΕܦ֨ᄒΰ2005αΖ൶ߒൣቼխഏ՛ᖂ࿙ઝᖂᇞᤩ౨Ժګ९հઔߒΖஃՕᖂΔ50(2)Δ 55-84Ζ ᇛΰ2002αΖഏ՛ᖂ࿙ኙլٵীڤא֗լٵቹ֮ᆜհઝᖂ֮ີࠡᔹᦰᇞፖᔹᦰᨠ រհઔߒΖፕխஃᒤᖂೃ۞ྥઝᖂඒߛᖂߓጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΖፕፕխΖ ᗝߐྶ(2004)Ζխ՛ᖂψาઽઌᣂᓰ࿓ᔹᦰᇞ౨Ժྒྷ᧭ωऱ࿇୶ፖய֏Ζഏمፕקஃᒤ ᖂೃᖂΔ17ΰ2αΔ83-114Ζ ᗝߐྶ(2005)Ζ൶ಘඒઝፖխ՛ᖂᖂسᖂาઽઌᣂᄗ࢚ऱᣂএΖઝᖂඒߛᖂעΔ13(4)Δ 367-386Ζ ᗝߐྶΕຫጘដ(2005)Ζഏ՛ᖂسᔹᦰᇞ౨Ժፖᖂ᧩პᢴઌᣂᓰ࿓հᣂএ~אԫଡଡ ூఄ్ࠏΖፕקؑمஃᒤᖂೃᖂΔ36Δ209-238Ζ ᗝߐྶΕفࠕటΕᓐਞპ(2006)ΖᘜԵഏ՛۞ྥፖسઝݾᏆऱᢄءሽհ፹܂ፖᚨ شΖഏمקඒߛՕᖂᖂ-ᑇઝݾඒߛᣊΔ19(2)Δ1-30Ζ ഏঊΰ2002αΖڕ۶ڇඒᖂխ֧࿇ᖂسऱઝᖂኪ৫Ζᓰ࿓ፖඒᖂຏಛΔ11Δ23-29Ζ ႁΰ2000αΖᖂฃඒᖂኙഏ՛քڣ్ᖂ࿙ᔹᦰᇞګயհઔߒΖഏمৠࣟஃᒤᖂ ೃഏاඒߛઔߒࢬጚՓᓵ֮ΔآנठΖፕৠࣟΖ ᤕࣔΰ1998αΖᎁᢝᖂ࿙ᦰढ༺֗ࠡඒߛࢤΖભߛִעΔ91Δ1-10Ζ
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Research on Application of Science
Picture-Books in high grade Biological
Curriculum of the Elementary School
Chow-chin Lu
, Jui-Chi Huang
Abstract
This research used “content analysis method” to analyze science picture-books with property and content, and then used “quasi-experimental study” to conduct an experiment on the influence of regular reading picture-books on science reading comprehension among sixth-grade schoolchildren. Data analysis showed that the physical property of the science picture-books make them suitable for schoolchildren to read. Second, from the incorporation of picture-books into the biological curriculum is 50.2%~65.7и, and the illustrations and text respectively occupy one half. Third, regularly reading picture-books contributes to schoolchildren’s reading comprehension, especially for scientific terms and important concepts, but not logical inferences and analytical predictions. Finally, we present some suggestions: First, local authors should be encouraged to create science picture-books on microorganisms and affective domains. Second, nature teachers should be encouraged to design learning sheet according to the science picture-books schoolchildren read, in order to enhance their ability of logical inferences and analytical predictions.
Keywords: science picture-books, content analysis method, science
reading comprehension.
Professor, Department of Natural Science Education, National Taipei University of Education Master, Department of Natural Science Education, National Taipei University of Education
